A method for cultivating Pinctada martensii in winter shed by planting nucleus oysters in autumn

Abstract

The present invention provides a winter shed culture method for autumn nucleus-planted pearl oysters, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture. The method of the present invention comprises the following steps: setting up a winter shed for aquaculture ponds, respectively setting up a unicellular algae culture pond and a nucleus-planted pearl oyster culture pond, and simultaneously carrying out unicellular algae culture and nucleus-planted pearl oyster culture in the winter shed; adding manganese sulfate to the algae culture solution, and soaking the cell pieces and pearl nuclei with arachidonic acid solution; after the nucleus-planting operation is completed, the nucleus-planted pearl oyster is moved to the nucleus-planted pearl oyster culture pond for recuperation for 15 to 18 days; after the recuperation is completed, the pearl oyster continues to be cultured in the nucleus-planted pearl oyster rest pond until the water temperature in the sea area rises to ≥24°C for 5 consecutive days, and then is moved to the sea area for cultivation. The method of the present invention can improve the culture survival rate and the thickness of the pearl layer of autumn nucleus-planted pearl oysters of pearl oysters, can improve the economic benefits of pearl production of pearl oysters of pearl oysters, and is easy to promote and apply in production enterprises, with significant economic and social benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and in particular relates to a method for cultivating Pinctada martensii in winter in a shed by planting nuclei in autumn. Background Art

[0002] The pearl oyster Pinctada martensii is also known as the Hepu pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. The most suitable water temperature for the growth of the pearl oyster is 23-29℃. If the water temperature exceeds the upper limit of the suitable temperature for the pearl oyster, it will affect the metabolism level of the pearl oyster. The higher the temperature, the greater the impact. At the same time, high water temperature also affects the dissolved oxygen content of the water body. The higher the water temperature, the lower the dissolved oxygen content of the water body. The low dissolved oxygen content further affects the respiration of the pearl oyster. In addition, high temperature and heavy rain lead to the massive reproduction of toxic and harmful algae, which further affects the survival rate of the pearl oyster. At present, the main problems of the pearl production of the pearl oyster are frequent extreme weather, the degeneration of the pearl oyster varieties, the deterioration of the breeding environment and the outdated breeding technology, which lead to high mortality rate of the pearl oyster, low nuclear retention rate and poor pearl quality, which seriously affect the sustainable development of the pearl oyster industry.

[0003] Pearls cultivated in my country using Pinctada martensii are called South Pearls. South Pearl cultivation is a characteristic industry in the coastal areas of Leizhou Peninsula. The cultivation of Pinctada martensii pearls usually begins with the implantation of nuclei at the end of March. The pearl oysters are cultivated in the sea area until the pearls are harvested in January or February of the following year. However, May to September is the season of high temperature, typhoons and heavy rains in the southern coastal areas of my country. Coupled with the influence of extreme high temperatures, it is easy to cause a large number of deaths of pearl oysters. In order to avoid the influence of extreme weather from May to September, Leizhou Peninsula carries out autumn nucleation and pearl cultivation from late September to November. The implanted nuclei are cultivated in the sea area until the pearls are harvested before the typhoon and rainstorm season arrives in the second year. The water environment in the southern coastal areas of my country is stable from September to November, which can greatly improve the survival rate of pearl oysters. However, with the arrival of winter, the water temperature gradually drops slowly, and can reach the lowest value of about 13°C in January, which seriously affects the growth and nacre secretion of pearl oysters. When the pearls are harvested before the typhoon and rainstorm season arrives in June of the following year, the thickness of the pearl layer does not meet the specifications of high-quality commodity pearls, which seriously affects the sales price of pearls.

[0004] In addition, the current pearl cultivation of Pinctada martensii uses red mercury water to simply disinfect and dye the cell pieces during the nucleus implantation operation, which has a weak effect on the wound healing and nacre secretion of the operated oysters. After the operation, the nucleus implanted oysters are directly moved to the sea area for recuperation, and the surgical wound is easily infected by pathogenic microorganisms in the sea area, as well as environmental factors such as water temperature, water flow, specific gravity, and abundance of bait organisms. Therefore, how to find a cultivation method that can improve the cultivation survival rate and nacre thickness of Pinctada martensii nucleus implanted oysters in autumn has become a technical problem that needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a winter shed culture method for autumn-planted core oysters of Pinctada martensii, which can improve the culture survival rate and nacre thickness of autumn-planted core oysters of Pinctada martensii, and has significant economic and social benefits.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The invention provides a method for cultivating pearl oysters in autumn by winter sheds, comprising the following steps: setting up a winter shed for aquaculture ponds, respectively arranging a unicellular algae cultivation pond and a nucleus-planting oyster cultivation pond, and simultaneously carrying out unicellular algae cultivation and nucleus-planting oyster cultivation in the winter shed; after the nucleus-planting operation is completed, the nucleus-planting oysters are moved to the nucleus-planting oyster cultivation pond for recuperation for 15 to 18 days; after the recuperation is completed, the pearl oysters continue to be cultivated in the nucleus-planting oyster recuperation pond until the water temperature in the sea area rises to ≥24°C for 5 consecutive days, and then are moved to the sea area for cultivation.

[0008] Preferably, a heat-insulating winter shed is set up above and around the breeding pond using transparent plastic film to control the pond seawater temperature to 26-29°C.

[0009] Preferably, 4 to 6 days before the nuclear implantation operation, the unicellular algae culture pond and the culture water are disinfected, and the unicellular algae culture is carried out, and the water depth of the unicellular algae culture pond is 80 to 120 cm; 2 to 3 days before the nuclear implantation, the nuclear shellfish breeding pond is disinfected and filled with filtered seawater, and the water depth of the nuclear shellfish breeding pond is 3 to 3.5 m.

[0010] Preferably, 10-15 mg / L manganese sulfate is added to the unicellular algae culture solution for directional culture of the unicellular algae, and the unicellular algae include Chaetoceros, Platyhelminthes and Chrysophyceae.

[0011] Preferably, the cell pieces and bead nuclei are soaked in an arachidonic acid solution with a concentration of 0.3-0.5%. The soaking time of the cell pieces is 2-3 minutes, and the bead nuclei are used immediately after soaking.

[0012] Preferably, the resting density of planted nuclear clams is 30,000 to 40,000 clams per mu, the water depth is 1.5 to 2 m, and continuous aeration is maintained during the resting period to make the water body boil.

[0013] Preferably, during the recuperation period of the implanted shellfish, the implanted shellfish are checked every 3 to 4 days, and 1 to 1.5 mg / L of pearl shell powder is applied every other day.

[0014] Preferably, no feed is fed for 1 to 3 days after the nuclear implantation surgery. Starting from the 4th day, Chaetoceros, Platymonas, and Chrysophyte are fed every morning and evening in a ratio of 4 to 6:2 to 4:1 to 3; the amount of feed each time is: 10,000 to 12,000 cells / mL on the 4th to 6th days, 12,000 to 15,000 cells / mL on the 6th to 9th days, and 15,000 to 20,000 cells / mL on the 9th to 18th days.

[0015] Preferably, water is changed starting on the 4th day after the nuclear implantation operation, and 20-30% of the water is changed every 2-4 days when the weather is good.

[0016] Preferably, after the recuperation period, the culture density of pearl oysters is 20,000 to 25,000 per mu, and the water depth is 1.5 to 2 m; Chaetoceros algae, Platymonas algae, and Chrysophyte algae are fed in the ratio of 4 to 6:2 to 4:1 to 3 every morning and evening; the amount of feed each time is 25,000 to 30,000 cells / mL.

[0017] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0018] Pearl cultivation of Pinctada martensii includes steps such as implantation of nuclei, rest of implanted nuclei, and cultivation of pearl oysters. The present invention carries out autumn implantation of Pinctada martensii by setting up a winter shed in a breeding pond. The winter shed has a greenhouse effect. By opening and shielding the plastic film around the winter shed, the seawater temperature in the winter shed can be adjusted to the most suitable temperature for the growth of Pinctada martensii pearl oysters, so as to accelerate the growth of pearl oysters and the secretion rate of nacre. In addition, the present invention carries out the cultivation of unicellular algae and the cultivation of nuclei in the winter shed, and the environmental conditions of the two are equivalent. The feeding of unicellular algae will not change the environmental conditions of the cultivation of nuclei, and the stable environment is conducive to the growth of the nuclei and the secretion of nacre. The water is changed by 20-30% every 2-4 days, and only a small part of the water body is replaced while most of the water body is retained, so as to achieve the effect of both retaining the relative stability of the water environment and improving the cultivation environment to supplement the various elements contained in the water body. The cultivation of nucleus-planted clams in winter sheds avoids or reduces the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms and the negative impact of low water temperature during the cultivation period in the sea area, and can improve the survival rate and nacre thickness of the nucleus-planted clams in autumn.

[0019] The invention grasps the key link of nucleus implantation and pearl cultivation of Pinctada martensii, soaks cell pieces and pearl nuclei in the nucleus implantation link, utilizes the effects of arachidonic acid on anti-inflammation, accelerating wound healing and promoting calcium absorption, accelerates wound healing of the nucleus implanted oyster, promotes rapid proliferation of pearl sac cells, and improves the nacre secretion capacity; in the resting stage of the nucleus implanted oyster, feeds single-cell algae cultured with manganese sulfate to increase the manganese ion content of the algae cells, and the nucleus implanted oyster absorbs the manganese ions contained in the single-cell algae and algae liquid during the growth process, thereby increasing the proportion of pink pearls in high-grade pearls;

[0020] The present invention comprehensively utilizes several key technical measures such as soaking cell pieces and bead nuclei in arachidonic acid, feeding single-cell algae cultured in a directed manner, using winter shed ponds for temperature preservation and temperature control, and changing a small amount of water, and cooperates with each other to achieve the purpose of improving the quality and yield of pearls of Pinctada martensii nucleus-planted oysters. The present application is for the staged cultivation of nucleus-planted oysters in winter sheds in autumn, which avoids the high cost and high technical requirements caused by the whole pond cultivation of nucleus-planted oysters, as well as the disadvantages of poor shellfish body vitality caused by long-term pond cultivation, and at the same time avoids the negative effects caused by the changes in environmental and biological factors such as low temperature and pathogenic microorganisms in the cultivation of nucleus-planted oysters in the sea area in autumn and winter, and the pearl cultivation effect is remarkable. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The invention provides a method for cultivating pearl oysters in autumn by winter sheds, comprising the following steps: setting up a winter shed for aquaculture ponds, respectively arranging a unicellular algae cultivation pond and a nucleus-planting oyster cultivation pond, and simultaneously carrying out unicellular algae cultivation and nucleus-planting oyster cultivation in the winter shed; after the nucleus-planting operation is completed, the nucleus-planting oysters are moved to the nucleus-planting oyster cultivation pond for recuperation for 15 to 18 days; after the recuperation is completed, the pearl oysters continue to be cultivated in the nucleus-planting oyster recuperation pond until the water temperature in the sea area rises to ≥24°C for 5 consecutive days, and then are moved to the sea area for cultivation.

[0022] The breeding pond of the present invention selects a pond with water inlet and outlet facilities and an aeration device as a place for breeding pearl oysters and cultivating single-cell algae, and a heat-insulating winter shed is set up above and around the breeding pond using a transparent plastic film. The transparent plastic film can ensure sufficient light, and the seawater temperature in the winter shed reaches the optimal temperature for the growth and reproduction of single-cell algae, which can promote the growth and reproduction of single-cell algae. The sufficient and high-quality supply of single-cell algae further promotes the growth of pearl oysters and the secretion of nacre.

[0023] The present invention sets up a winter shed for the aquaculture pond, and controls the seawater temperature of the pond to be 26-29° C., preferably 27-28° C. The aquaculture pond of the present invention includes a unicellular algae culture pond and a nuclear shellfish culture pond.

[0024] The present invention cultivates autumn nucleus-planting oysters of Pinctada martensii by setting up a winter shed in a cultivation pond. The winter shed has a greenhouse effect. By opening and covering the plastic film around the winter shed, the seawater temperature in the winter shed can be adjusted to the most suitable temperature for the growth of the Pinctada martensii pearl oysters, and the growth of the pearl oysters and the secretion speed of nacre can be accelerated. At the same time, the nucleus-planting oysters are cultivated in the winter shed, which avoids or reduces the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms on the nucleus-planting oysters during the cultivation in the sea area, and also avoids the negative impact of low water temperature, and can improve the cultivation survival rate and the thickness of the pearl layer of the autumn nucleus-planting oysters of Pinctada martensii.

[0025] The present invention disinfects the unicellular algae culture pond 4 to 6 days before the nuclear transplantation operation, adds filtered seawater, and cultures the unicellular algae. The water depth of the unicellular algae culture pond is 80 to 120 cm, preferably 90 to 110 cm, and more preferably 95 to 105 cm.

[0026] The disinfection treatment method of the present invention is a conventional disinfection treatment method. The filtered seawater used for culturing unicellular algae of the present invention is: the seawater filtered through the coarse sand layer and the fine sand layer is extracted from the seaside sand well, and treated by conventional methods (treated with a chlorine-containing disinfectant with an effective chlorine content of 15 to 20 mg / L for 10 to 12 hours and then neutralized with sodium thiosulfate).

[0027] The unicellular algae described in the present invention include Chaetoceros, Platymonas and Chrysophyceae.

[0028] The present invention carries out unicellular algae culture and nucleus-planting clams culture in the same winter shed, and the environmental conditions of the two are equivalent. The feeding of unicellular algae will not change the environmental conditions of nucleus-planting clams culture, and the stable environment is conducive to the growth of nucleus-planting clams and the secretion of nacre.

[0029] In the present invention, when culturing unicellular algae, on the basis of conventional formula, 10-15 mg / L manganese sulfate is added for directional cultivation of unicellular algae, and the manganese sulfate concentration is preferably 11-14 mg / L, and more preferably 12-13 mg / L.

[0030] The present invention adds manganese sulfate to the unicellular algae culture solution, which can increase the manganese ion content of the algae cells and is used for cultivating nucleus-planting oysters. The nucleus-planting oysters absorb the manganese ions contained in the unicellular algae and the algae solution during the pearl formation process, and the proportion of pink pearls (high-end pearls) produced is increased by more than 10%, which can effectively improve the economic benefits.

[0031] The invention disinfects the nucleus-implanting mussel breeding pond 2 to 3 days before the nucleus-implanting operation, and adds filtered seawater. The water depth of the nucleus-implanting mussel breeding pond is 3 to 3.5 m, preferably 3.1 to 3.4 m, and more preferably 3.2 to 3.3 m.

[0032] The disinfection treatment method of the present invention is a conventional disinfection treatment method. The filtered seawater used for the cultivation of plant shellfish of the present invention is: extracted from the sand filter well at the seaside, filtered through the coarse sand layer and directly injected into the cultivation pond, which can remove most of the particulate matter and retain the tiny unicellular algae to enrich the unicellular algae species in the water body.

[0033] The present invention uses 0.3-0.5% arachidonic acid solution to soak cell pieces and bead nuclei. The soaking time of the pieces is 2-3 minutes, and the bead nuclei are used immediately after soaking. The concentration of the arachidonic acid solution is preferably 0.4%. The nucleus transplantation method of the present invention is a conventional nucleus transplantation method.

[0034] Arachidonic acid has the effects of anti-inflammatory, accelerating wound healing and promoting calcium absorption. Soaking cell pieces and pearl nuclei with arachidonic acid can accelerate the healing of the wounds of implanted shellfish, promote the rapid proliferation of pearl sac cells, and improve the secretion capacity of nacre.

[0035] After the nucleus implantation operation is completed, the nucleus implanted clams are moved to a nucleus implanted clams breeding pond for rest for 15 to 18 days; the nucleus implanted clams rest density is 30,000 to 40,000 per mu, the hanging water depth is 1.5 to 2 meters, and continuous aeration is maintained during the rest period to make the water body boiling. The rest density is preferably 34,000 to 35,000 per mu, and the hanging water depth is preferably 1.7 to 1.8 meters.

[0036] During the rest period of the implanted shellfish, the implanted shellfish is checked every 3 to 4 days, and 1 to 1.5 mg / L of pearl shell powder is applied every other day, and the amount of the pearl shell powder is preferably 1.2 to 1.3 mg / L. The alternate-day application of the present invention starts from the second day after the implantation operation, and each application of the pearl shell powder is separated by one day.

[0037] The main component of pearl shell powder is the porous structure of calcium carbonate, which can absorb mucus and other toxic and harmful small particles discharged from the shell body. Feeding pearl shell powder can replenish calcium in the water, promote the healing of pearl oyster wounds and replenish the calcium ion content in the water.

[0038] No feed is given for 1 to 3 days after the nuclear implantation operation is completed. Starting from the 4th day, Chaetoceros, Platymonas, and Chrysophyta are fed in the ratio of 4 to 6:2 to 4:1 to 3 every morning and evening (between 7:00 and 8:00 and 17:30 and 18:30); the amount of feed each time is: 10,000 to 12,000 cells / mL on the 4th to 6th day, 12,000 to 15,000 cells / mL on the 6th to 9th day, and 15,000 to 20,000 cells / mL on the 9th to 18th day. The ratio of the unicellular algae is preferably Chaetoceros: Platymonas: Chrysophyta = 5:3:2. The amount of feed each time on the 4th to 6th day is preferably 10,000 cells / mL, the amount of feed each time on the 6th to 9th day is preferably 13,000 to 14,000 cells / mL, and the amount of feed each time on the 9th to 18th day is preferably 17,000 to 18,000 cells / mL.

[0039] After the operation of the pearl oyster, the body of the pearl oyster is traumatized and the feeding ability is reduced. In the first 3 days of the present invention, no feeding is given and no water is changed, so that a stable and clean environment can be provided for the recovery of the pearl oyster. As the rest time of the nucleus-planted oyster is prolonged and the body of the oyster is recovered, gradually increasing the feeding amount is conducive to the slow recovery of the body of the oyster rather than the rapid recovery of vitality in a short time, which is conducive to improving the nucleus retention rate of the pearl oyster.

[0040] The present invention starts to change water on the 4th day after the nuclear implantation operation is completed, and changes 20-30% of the water every 2-4 days, preferably every 3 days, preferably 24-26% of the water each time, and more preferably 25%. The present invention chooses to change water when the weather is good, and the amount of water changed is 20-30%, that is, 70-80% is retained to keep the water environment relatively stable.

[0041] After the rest of the planted shellfish is completed, the pearl oysters are placed in sheet cages and continue to be cultured in the planted shellfish rest pond. The culture density of the pearl oysters is 20,000 to 25,000 per mu, and the hanging water depth is 1.5 to 2m; the culture density is preferably 22,000 to 23,000 per mu, and the hanging water depth is preferably 1.7 to 1.8m; every morning and evening (between 7:00 and 8:00 and 17:30 and 18:30), Chaetoceros, Platyhelminthes, and Chrysophytes are fed in a ratio of 4 to 6:2 to 4:1 to 3; the amount of feed each time is 25,000 to 30,000 cells / mL. The ratio of the unicellular algae is preferably Chaetoceros: Platyhelminthes: Chrysophytes=5:3:2, and the amount of feed each time is preferably 26,000 to 27,000 cells / mL.

[0042] The invention moves the pearl oysters to the sea area for culturing according to a conventional method when the water temperature in the culturing sea area is equal to or greater than 24° C. for 5 consecutive days.

[0043] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] A method for cultivating Pinctada martensii in autumn and in winter in a greenhouse comprises the following steps:

[0046] (1) Construction of winter sheds in aquaculture ponds: A pond with an area of ​​8 mu and a depth of 3 meters, equipped with water inlet and outlet facilities and aeration equipment, was selected as the breeding site for planted clams. A pond with an area of ​​2 mu and a water depth of 80 cm was selected as the unicellular algae culture pond. A heat-insulating winter shed was constructed above and around the pond using transparent plastic film. The seawater temperature in the pond was controlled at 26°C by opening and covering the plastic film on all sides.

[0047] (2) Single-cell algae culture: Four days before the nuclear transplantation operation, the single-cell algae culture pond was disinfected and a conventional formula (Zhanshui 107-18 culture solution, NaNO350 mg, K2HPO45 mg, FeC6H5O71% solution 0.2 mL, vitamin B1200 μg, vitamin B 12 200 nanograms, 1.5 mL of human urine, 0.5 g of NaHCO3, 1000 mL of seawater) and 10 mg / L of manganese sulfate were added to culture Chaetoceros, Platymonas, and Chrysophyceae.

[0048] (3) Preparation of the pond for the cultivation of nuclear clams: The pond for the cultivation of nuclear clams should be disinfected and filled with filtered seawater 2 days before the operation.

[0049] (4) Nuclear implantation: The cell pieces and bead nuclei were soaked in 0.3% arachidonic acid solution. The pieces were soaked for 3 minutes and the bead nuclei were used immediately after soaking. The nuclear implantation was performed according to the conventional method (first the nuclei and then the pieces. One bead nucleus was implanted in the left and right pockets of the shellfish according to the shellfish size).

[0050] (5) Rest after surgery: After the surgery, the implanted pearl oysters are moved to the pond prepared in step (3) for rest, with a rest density of 30,000 oysters / mu and a water depth of 1.5 m. The water is kept aerated continuously and the water is boiling during aeration. The pearl oysters are checked every 3 days, and from the second day onwards, 1.0 mg / L of pearl shell powder is applied every other day.

[0051] No feed was given for 1-3 days after the operation. Starting from the 4th day, Chaetoceros, Platymonas, and Chrysophyll were fed at 7:00-8:00 and 17:30-18:30 in the ratio of 5:3:2. The feeding amount for each time was 10,000 cells / mL on the 4th to 6th days, 12,000 cells / mL on the 6th to 9th days, and 15,000 cells / mL on the 9th to 18th days.

[0052] Start changing the water on the 4th day, changing 20% ​​of the water every 3 days; the recuperation period for pearl oysters is 15 days.

[0053] (6) Culture of pearl oysters: After the rest period, the pearl oysters will be placed in cages and continue to be cultured in ponds. The culture density is 20,000 per mu and the water depth is 1.5 m. From 7:00 to 8:00 and from 17:30 to 18:30, they will be fed with Chaetoceros algae, Platymonas algae, and Chrysophyte algae in a ratio of 5:3:2, with 25,000 cells / mL each time.

[0054] When the water temperature in the aquaculture area is equal to or greater than 24°C for 5 consecutive days, the pearl oysters are moved to the sea area and aquacultured using conventional methods.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] A method for cultivating Pinctada martensii in autumn and in winter in a greenhouse comprises the following steps:

[0057] (1) Construction of winter sheds in aquaculture ponds: A pond with an area of ​​9 mu and a depth of 3.3 meters, equipped with water inlet and outlet facilities and aeration equipment, was selected as the breeding site for plant nucleus shellfish. A pond with an area of ​​2.5 mu and a water depth of 100 cm was selected as the unicellular algae culture pond. A heat-insulating winter shed was constructed above and around the pond using transparent plastic film. The seawater temperature in the aquaculture pond was controlled at 27°C by opening and covering the plastic film on all sides.

[0058] (2) Single-cell algae culture: 5 days before the nuclear transplantation operation, the single-cell algae culture pond was disinfected and the conventional formula (Zhanshui 107-18 culture solution, NaNO350mg, K2HPO45mg, FeC6H5O71% solution 0.2mL, vitamin B1200μg, vitamin B 12 200 nanograms, 1.5 mL of human urine, 0.5 g of NaHCO3, 1000 mL of seawater) and 12 mg / L of manganese sulfate were added to culture Chaetoceros, Platymonas, and Chrysophyceae.

[0059] (3) Preparation of the pond for the cultivation of nuclear clams: The pond for the cultivation of nuclear clams should be disinfected and filled with filtered seawater 2 days before the operation.

[0060] (4) Nuclear implantation: The cell pieces and bead nuclei were soaked in 0.4% arachidonic acid solution for 3 minutes. The bead nuclei were used immediately after soaking. The nuclear implantation was performed according to the conventional method (first the nuclei and then the pieces. One bead nucleus was implanted in the left and right pockets of the shellfish according to the shellfish size).

[0061] (5) Rest after surgery: After the surgery, the implanted pearl oysters are moved to the pond prepared in step (3) for rest, with a rest density of 35,000 oysters / mu and a water depth of 1.8 m. The water is kept aerated continuously and the water is boiling during aeration. The pearl oysters are checked every 4 days, and from the second day onwards, 1.2 mg / L of pearl shell powder is applied every other day.

[0062] No food was given for 1-3 days after the operation. Starting from the 4th day, Chaetoceros, Platymonas, and Chrysophyll were fed at 7:00-8:00 and 17:30-18:30 in the ratio of 5:3:2. The feeding amount for each time was 11,000 cells / mL on the 4th to 6th days, 14,000 cells / mL on the 6th to 9th days, and 17,000 cells / mL on the 9th to 18th days.

[0063] Start changing the water on the 4th day, changing 25% of the water every 3 days; the recuperation period for pearl oysters is 16 days.

[0064] (6) Culture of pearl oysters: After the rest period, the pearl oysters will be placed in cages and continue to be cultured in ponds. The culture density is 23,000 per mu and the water depth is 1.8 m. From 7:00 to 8:00 and from 17:30 to 18:30, they will be fed with Chaetoceros hornii, Platymonas algae, and Chrysophyta in a ratio of 5:3:2, with 27,000 cells / mL each time.

[0065] When the water temperature in the aquaculture area is equal to or greater than 24°C for 5 consecutive days, the pearl oysters are moved to the sea area and aquacultured using conventional methods.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] A method for cultivating Pinctada martensii in autumn and in winter in a greenhouse comprises the following steps:

[0068] (1) Construction of winter sheds in aquaculture ponds: A pond with an area of ​​10 mu and a depth of 3.5 meters, equipped with water inlet and outlet facilities and aeration equipment, was selected as the breeding site for planted clams. A pond with an area of ​​3 mu and a water depth of 120 cm was selected as the unicellular algae culture pond. A heat-insulating winter shed was constructed above and around the pond using transparent plastic film. The seawater temperature in the aquaculture pond was controlled at 29°C by opening and covering the plastic film on all sides.

[0069] (2) Single-cell algae culture: 6 days before the nuclear transplantation, the culture pond was disinfected and the conventional formula (Zhanshui 107-18 culture medium, NaNO350mg, K2HPO45mg, FeC6H5O71% solution 0.2mL, vitamin B1200μg, vitamin B 12 200 nanograms, 1.5 mL of human urine, 0.5 g of NaHCO3, 1000 mL of seawater) and 15 mg / L of manganese sulfate were added to culture Chaetoceros, Platymonas, and Chrysophyceae.

[0070] (3) Preparation of the pond for the cultivation of nuclear clams: The pond for the cultivation of nuclear clams should be disinfected and filled with filtered seawater 2 days before the operation.

[0071] (4) Nuclear implantation: The cell pieces and bead nuclei were soaked in 0.5% arachidonic acid solution for 2 minutes. The bead nuclei were used immediately after soaking. The nuclear implantation was performed according to the conventional method (first the nuclei and then the pieces. One bead nucleus was implanted in the left and right pockets of the shellfish according to the shellfish size).

[0072] (5) Rest after surgery: After the surgery, the implanted pearl oysters are moved to the pond prepared in step (3) for rest, with a rest density of 40,000 oysters / mu and a water depth of 2 m. The water is kept aerated continuously and the water is boiling during aeration. The pearl oysters are checked every 3 days, and from the second day onwards, 1.5 mg / L of pearl shell powder is applied every other day.

[0073] No feed was given for 1 to 3 days after the operation. Starting from the 4th day, Chaetoceros, Platymonas, and Chrysophyll were fed at 7:00-8:00 and 17:30-18:30 in the ratio of 5:3:2. The feeding amount for each time was 12,000 cells / mL on the 4th to 6th days, 15,000 cells / mL on the 6th to 9th days, and 20,000 cells / mL on the 9th to 18th days.

[0074] Start changing the water on the 4th day, changing 30% of the water every 3 days; the recuperation period for pearl oysters is 18 days.

[0075] (6) Culture of pearl oysters: After the rest period, the pearl oysters will be placed in cages and continue to be cultured in ponds. The culture density is 25,000 per mu and the water depth is 2 m. From 7:00 to 8:00 and from 17:30 to 18:30, they will be fed with Chaetoceros algae, Platymonas algae, and Chrysophyte algae in a ratio of 5:3:2, with 30,000 cells / mL each time.

[0076] When the water temperature in the aquaculture area is equal to or greater than 24°C for 5 consecutive days, the pearl oysters are moved to the sea area and aquacultured using conventional methods.

[0077] Comparative Example 1

[0078] Healthy Pinctada martensii oysters are selected as the nucleus-implanted oysters, and the nucleus-implantation surgery, post-operative recuperation and pearl oyster farming are carried out according to current technology. The recuperation period for pearl oysters is 18 days. After the recuperation period, they will continue to be farmed in the original sea area and facilities.

[0079] Comparative Example 2

[0080] A pond with an area of ​​7 mu and a depth of 3 meters, equipped with water inlet and outlet facilities and aeration equipment, was selected as the breeding site for nuclear clams. A pond with an area of ​​2 mu and a water depth of 80 cm was selected as the unicellular algae cultivation pond. No winter shed was built above the nuclear clams breeding pond and the unicellular algae cultivation pond, and natural lighting was used.

[0081] Steps (2) to (6) are the same as in Example 3.

[0082] Comparative Example 3

[0083] Step (1) is the same as in Example 3.

[0084] (2) Single-cell algae culture: 6 days before the nuclear transplantation, the culture pond was disinfected and the conventional formula (Zhanshui 107-18 culture medium, NaNO350mg, K2HPO45mg, FeC6H5O71% solution 0.2mL, vitamin B1200μg, vitamin B 12 200 nanograms, human urine 1.5mL, NaHCO3 0.5g, seawater 1000mL) to culture unicellular algae.

[0085] Steps (3) to (6) are the same as in Example 3.

[0086] Comparative Example 4

[0087] Steps (1) to (3) are the same as in Example 3.

[0088] (4) Nuclear implantation: The conventional method of delivering the nucleus first and then the slices is used for nuclear implantation. The cell slices are treated with red mercury water, and a bead nucleus is implanted in the left and right pockets of the shell, respectively, according to the size of the shell.

[0089] Steps (5) to (6) are the same as those in Example 3.

[0090] Comparative Example 5

[0091] Steps (1) to (4) are the same as those in Example 3.

[0092] (5) Resting of pearl oysters after surgery: After the surgery, the implanted oysters are moved to the pond prepared in step (3) for rest. The resting density is 40,000 oysters / mu and the water depth is 2m. Keep the water continuously aerated and the water is boiling during aeration. Check the pearl oysters every 3 days.

[0093] No feed was given for 1 to 3 days after the operation. Starting from the 4th day, Chaetoceros, Platymonas, and Chrysophyll were fed at 7:00-8:00 and 17:30-18:30 in the ratio of 5:3:2. The feeding amount for each time was 12,000 cells / mL on the 4th to 6th days, 15,000 cells / mL on the 6th to 9th days, and 20,000 cells / mL on the 9th to 18th days.

[0094] Start changing the water on the 4th day, changing 30% of the water every 3 days; the recuperation period for pearl oysters is 18 days.

[0095] Step (6) is the same as in Example 3.

[0096] The pearl cultivation effects of the Pinctada martensii nucleus implanted in the above-mentioned Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 are compared, and the results are shown in Table 1:

[0097] Table 1 Pearl cultivation effects of different culture methods of Pinctada martensii

[0098]

[0099] As can be seen from Table 1, the autumn nucleus planting and pearl cultivation method for Pinctada martensii provided by the present invention can be used to carry out autumn nucleus planting and pearl cultivation of Pinctada martensii, which can significantly improve the survival rate, the rate of pearling with nucleus retention and the rate of pink high-quality pearls of the cultivated pearl oysters, improve the quality and yield of the cultivation of Pinctada martensii pearls, and thus improve the efficiency of the production of Pinctada martensii pearls.

[0100] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Pinctada martensii in autumn and winter in a shed, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: A winter shed is set up, and a single-cell algae culture pond and a nucleus-planted mussel culture pond are set up respectively. Single-cell algae culture and nucleus-planted mussel culture are carried out simultaneously in the winter shed; after the nucleus-planting operation is completed, the nucleus-planted mussels are moved to the nucleus-planted mussel culture pond for recuperation for 15 to 18 days; after the recuperation, the pearl oysters continue to be cultured in the nucleus-planted mussel culture pond until the water temperature in the sea area rises to ≥24°C for 5 consecutive days, and then they are moved to the sea area for culture; Use transparent plastic film to build winter sheds above and around the pond to control the water temperature in the pond to 26-29℃; Adding 10-15 mg / L manganese sulfate to a unicellular algae culture solution for directional culture of unicellular algae, wherein the unicellular algae include Chaetoceros, Platyhelminthes and Chrysophyceae; The cell pieces and bead nuclei are soaked in 0.3-0.5% arachidonic acid solution. The soaking time of the cell pieces is 2-3 minutes, and the bead nuclei are used immediately after soaking. During the rest period of the implanted clams, check them every 3 to 4 days and apply 1 to 1.5 mg / L of pearl shell powder every other day.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that 4 to 6 days before the nuclear transplantation operation, the unicellular algae culture pond and culture water are disinfected for unicellular algae culture, and the water depth of the unicellular algae culture pond is 80 to 120 cm; 2 to 3 days before the nuclear transplantation, the nuclear shellfish breeding pond is disinfected and filled with filtered seawater. The water depth of the nuclear shellfish breeding pond is 3 to 3.5 m.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The resting density of planted nuclear clams is 30,000 to 40,000 per mu, and the water depth is 1.5 to 2m. During the resting period, continuous aeration is maintained to make the water body boiling.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: No feed was given for 1 to 3 days after the nuclear implantation operation. Starting from the 4th day, Chaetoceros, Platymonas, and Chrysophyll were fed every morning and evening in the ratio of 4 to 6:2 to 4:1 to 3; the amount of feed each time was: 10,000 to 12,000 cells / mL on the 4th to 6th days, 12,000 to 15,000 cells / mL on the 6th to 9th days, and 15,000 to 20,000 cells / mL on the 9th to 18th days.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Start changing the water on the 4th day after the nuclear implantation surgery, and change 20-30% of the water every 2-4 days when the weather is good.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that After the rest period, the pearl oyster culture density is 20,000 to 25,000 per mu, and the water depth is 1.5 to 2m. Every morning and evening, Chaetoceros, Platymonas, and Chrysophyll are fed in a ratio of 4 to 6:2 to 4:1 to 3; the amount of feed each time is 25,000 to 30,000 cells / mL.

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