An apparatus for expanding feed and a pre-treatment process based on the apparatus

Abstract

The application discloses a feed expansion device and a pretreatment process based on the device, wherein the feed expansion device comprises a barrel assembly arranged in a vertical direction and a screw assembly coaxially arranged in the barrel assembly; the top of the barrel assembly is provided with a driving assembly for driving the screw assembly to operate; the upper part of the barrel assembly is provided with a feeding mechanism communicated with the barrel assembly in a horizontal direction; the bottom of the barrel assembly is provided with a discharging mechanism; and the discharging mechanism comprises a distribution disc movably abutting against the outlet of the barrel assembly. The expansion device is composed of the vertically arranged barrel and the screw assembly coaxially arranged in the barrel, so that the eccentric wear of the screw barrel caused by the horizontal cantilever beam is eliminated, and the bottom of the barrel assembly is provided with the distribution disc movably abutting against the outlet of the barrel assembly, so that the distribution disc can automatically and timely enlarge the discharging annular gap opening according to the size of the outlet pressure, and the risk of machine blockage caused by the small annular gap is eliminated in real time.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of feed granulation, in particular to a feed expansion device and a pretreatment process based on the device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The existing feed processing technology can effectively improve the feed reward rate by adding molasses in the feed when producing cattle and sheep feed, but the existing feed pretreatment process is not only difficult to add molasses, but also the quality of the feed particles is poor after adding molasses. At the same time, the expander needs to be used to expand the feed during the pretreatment of the feed, but the existing expansion device has some problems during processing:

[0003] 1. Mechanical friction between the discharge end screw and the barrel causes eccentric wear of the discharge end screw and the inner wall of the barrel, resulting in failure of the screw and the barrel;

[0004] 2. The discharge port is prone to blockage due to uneven discharge of the annular gap caused by the gravity of the material, more material at the bottom and less material at the top;

[0005] 3. It cannot meet the expansion needs of different raw materials;

[0006] 4. The existing process has low probability of breaking the dense cellulose crystalline cell wall of the straw of the cattle and sheep feed, resulting in low absorption rate of the cattle and sheep.

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to design a feed expansion device and a pretreatment process based on the device to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0008] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a feed expansion device and a pretreatment process based on the device.

[0009] The technical scheme of the present application is: a feed expansion device, comprising a barrel assembly arranged in a vertical direction and a screw assembly coaxially rotating in the barrel assembly; the top of the barrel assembly is provided with a driving assembly for driving the screw assembly to operate; the upper part of the barrel assembly is provided with a feeding mechanism communicated with the barrel assembly in a horizontal direction; the bottom of the barrel assembly is provided with a discharge mechanism; the discharge mechanism comprises a distribution disc movably abutting against the outlet of the barrel assembly; the screw assembly is fixed with a resistance ring; the barrel assembly is uniformly provided with a plurality of shear bolts extending into the barrel assembly in the circumferential direction corresponding to the resistance ring.

[0010] The barrel assembly comprises a feeding barrel, an intermediate barrel, a transition barrel, an extruding barrel and an inflation discharge barrel connected in sequence; the side wall of the feeding barrel is communicated with a feeding port connected with a feeding mechanism; the top of the feeding barrel is fixedly connected with a driving assembly through a connecting assembly; the distribution disc is arranged at the outlet of the inflation discharge barrel.

[0011] The screw assembly comprises a main shaft; the main shaft comprises a feeding screw segment, a conveying screw segment, an extruding screw segment and an inflation screw segment from top to bottom; the resistance rings are respectively arranged between the conveying screw segment and the extruding screw segment and between the extruding screw segment and the inflation screw segment; the transition barrel is provided with screw flanges corresponding to the two resistance rings between the intermediate barrel and the extruding barrel; the shear bolts are circumferentially distributed on the screw flanges.

[0012] The discharge mechanism further comprises a tension flange plate and a moving flange plate; the tension flange plate is fixed at the connection between the extruding barrel and the inflation discharge barrel; the tension flange plate is symmetrically provided with adjusting bolts; the moving flange plate is fixed on the adjusting bolts through nuts; the top surface of the distribution disc is arranged as a conical surface and forms a discharge gap with the moving flange plate.

[0013] The tension flange plate is circumferentially provided with a plurality of fixed pin sleeves; the distribution disc is in sliding connection with the fixed pin sleeves, and each fixed pin sleeve is provided with a disc spring assembly at the outer end of the distribution disc; the outer end of each fixed pin sleeve is provided with a limiting nut for compressing and abutting the disc spring assembly against the distribution disc.

[0014] The connecting assembly comprises a connecting seat; the middle part of the connecting seat is fixedly provided with a shaft sleeve through a fixed seat; the fixed seat and the shaft sleeve are provided with a mounting cavity; the mounting cavity is sequentially provided with an inner packing, an oil separation ring, an outer packing and a gland from inside to outside; the gland is fixedly connected with the fixed seat and is tightly pressed on the outer packing.

[0015] The driving assembly comprises a driving motor and a speed reducer; the driving motor is in transmission connection with the speed reducer through a torque limiter; the speed reducer is in transmission connection with the screw assembly.

[0016] The feeding mechanism is a screw conveyor.

[0017] The total pre-tightening force of all the disc spring assemblies on the distribution disc is 1.3-2.6 times the discharge port pressure of the inflation discharge barrel.

[0018] A feed pretreatment process, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0019] S1: uniformly feeding the powdery feed into the first conditioner by the variable frequency feeder;

[0020] S2: steam is introduced into the first conditioner, and molasses is added to the first conditioner at multiple points, the molasses is fully mixed with the material by the first conditioning, and is uniformly adsorbed on the surface of the material;

[0021] S3: the material in the first conditioner is sent to the reinforced conditioner, and the material is further heated by the reinforced conditioner;

[0022] S4: the material heated by the reinforced conditioner enters the second conditioner, and urea is added to the material by the second conditioner;

[0023] S5: according to the requirement, the material in the second conditioner is sent to the expansion device to be expanded, and then granulated or directly granulated.

[0024] The technical scheme has the following beneficial effects: (1) the expansion device is composed of a vertically arranged machine cylinder and a screw assembly coaxially arranged in the machine cylinder, which eliminates the eccentric wear of the screw cylinder caused by the horizontal cantilever beam placement of the original horizontal expansion device, and the bottom of the machine cylinder assembly is provided with a distribution disc movably abutting against the outlet of the machine cylinder assembly, the distribution disc can automatically and real-time enlarge the discharge annular gap opening according to the size of the outlet pressure, real-time eliminate the risk of machine blockage caused by small annular gap, and a plurality of shear screws are arranged on the machine cylinder assembly and extend into the machine cylinder assembly, which can meet the expansion pressure of various feeds and improve the applicability of the device.

[0025] (2) the machine cylinder assembly is designed in a segmented manner, which is more convenient to manufacture and reduces the manufacturing cost of the device.

[0026] (3) the device is provided with a resistance ring on the main shaft, and a shear bolt is arranged on the screw flange, the shear bolt can not only adjust the pressure and material resistance in the machine cylinder assembly, but also make the material be mixed and sheared, which has sterilization and starch gelatinization effects on the material.

[0027] (4) the device is provided with a tension flange plate and a movable flange plate, so as to manually adjust the discharge gap between the movable flange plate and the distribution disc.

[0028] (5) a plurality of fixed pin sleeves are uniformly distributed on the tension flange plate in the circumferential direction, so as to facilitate the installation of the distribution disc.

[0029] (6) the inner packing, oil separation ring, outer packing and gland are sequentially arranged from the inside to the outside in the installation cavity, which not only facilitates the installation of the main shaft, but also effectively ensures the sealing between the feeding machine cylinder and the connecting assembly, and avoids the reverse stringing of the material into the driving assembly.

[0030] (7) The torque limiter is arranged to ensure stable driving of the reduction gearbox.

[0031] (8) The top surface of the distributing disc is a conical surface, and the conical degree can be selected according to different feed, so that the size of the discharge port pressure can be adjusted, different products with different puffing degrees and gelatinization degrees can be obtained, and the applicability is higher.

[0032] (9) The total pre-tightening force of all disc spring assemblies on the distributing disc is 1.3-2.6 times of the discharge port pressure of the expansion discharge machine cylinder, so that the pre-tightening force is not too large to cause the distributing disc to be unable to automatically adjust the size of the discharge port.

[0033] (10) The feed pretreatment process utilizes the first modulator to add molasses, and the raw materials, molasses and other raw materials are fully kneaded and uniformly adsorbed through screw extrusion, so that the softness is increased, the subsequent granulation yield is improved, the feed return rate is improved, and the feed is expanded through the expansion equipment, so that the feed has the advantages of sterility, improved starch gelatinization degree, and improved nutritional ingredients, thereby positively affecting the growth of cattle and sheep animals and reducing production and breeding costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to make the content of the present application more easily understood, the present application will be further described in detail below according to specific embodiments and in combination with the drawings.

[0035] Figure 1 is a structural schematic view of the present application.

[0036] Figure 2 is a sectional view of the present application.

[0037] Figure 3 is Figure 2 is an enlarged view of A in FIG.

[0038] Figure 4 is a structural schematic view of the screw assembly of the present application.

[0039] Figure 5 is a structural schematic view of the first modulator of the present application.

[0040] The reference signs in the drawings are as follows:

[0041] Barrel assembly 1, feed barrel 1-1, intermediate barrel 1-2, transition barrel 1-3, extrusion barrel 1-4, expansion discharge barrel 1-5, feed port 1-6, screw assembly 2, feed screw segment 2-1, conveying screw segment 2-2, extrusion screw segment 2-3, expansion screw segment 2-4, resistance ring 2-5, screw sleeve flange 2-6, shear bolt 2-7, drive assembly 3, drive motor 3-1, reduction box 3-2, torque limiter 3-3, feed mechanism 4, discharge mechanism 5, distribution disc 5-1, tension flange plate 5-2, moving flange plate 5-3, adjusting bolt 5-4, nut 5-5, fixed pin sleeve 5-6, disc spring assembly 5-7, limit nut 5-8, connecting assembly 6, connecting seat 6-1, fixed seat 6-2, shaft sleeve 6-3, inner packing 6-4, oil separation ring 6-5, outer packing 6-6, gland 6-7. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] (Example 1)

[0043] See Figures 1 to 5 The feed expansion device of the embodiment comprises a barrel assembly 1 arranged in a vertical direction and a screw assembly 2 coaxially arranged in the barrel assembly 1 and rotating; the top of the barrel assembly 1 is provided with a drive assembly 3 for driving the screw assembly 2 to operate; the upper part of the barrel assembly 1 is provided with a feed mechanism 4 in communication with the barrel assembly 1 in a horizontal direction; the bottom of the barrel assembly 1 is provided with a discharge mechanism 5; the discharge mechanism 5 comprises a distribution disc 5-1 movably abutting against the outlet of the barrel assembly 1; the screw assembly 2 is fixed with a resistance ring 2-5; the barrel assembly 1 is uniformly provided with a plurality of shear bolts 2-7 extending into the barrel assembly 1 at the position corresponding to the resistance ring 2-5 in a circumferential direction.

[0044] Further, in order to reduce the processing cost of the barrel assembly 1, the barrel assembly 1 comprises a feed barrel 1-1, an intermediate barrel 1-2, a transition barrel 1-3, an extrusion barrel 1-4 and an expansion discharge barrel 1-5 connected in sequence; the sidewall of the feed barrel 1-1 is provided with a feed port 1-6 connected with the feed mechanism 4, so as to facilitate the connection between the feed barrel 1-1 and the feed mechanism 4; the top of the feed barrel 1-1 is fixedly connected with the drive assembly 3 through a connecting assembly 6; the distribution disc 5-1 is arranged at the outlet of the expansion discharge barrel 1-5.

[0045] Further, the screw assembly 2 comprises a main shaft, preferably, the rotation speed of the main shaft of the embodiment is 350-550 r / min, and the residence time of the material in the barrel assembly 1 is 1-5 s; the main shaft comprises a feeding screw segment 2-1, a conveying screw segment 2-2, an extruding screw segment 2-3 and an expanding screw segment 2-4 from top to bottom; the resistance rings 2-5 are respectively arranged between the conveying screw segment 2-2 and the extruding screw segment 2-3 and between the extruding screw segment 2-3 and the expanding screw segment 2-4; the transition barrel 1-3 is provided with screw flange 2-6 corresponding to the two resistance rings 2-5 between the intermediate barrel 1-2 and the extruding barrel 1-4; the shear bolts 2-7 are circumferentially distributed on the screw flange 2-6.

[0046] Further, in order to facilitate manual adjustment of the discharging gap between the moving flange plate 5-3 and the distributing disc 5-1, the discharging mechanism 5 further comprises a tensioning flange plate 5-2 and a moving flange plate 5-3; the tensioning flange plate 5-2 is fixed at the connection between the extruding barrel 1-4 and the expanding discharging barrel 1-5; the tensioning flange plate 5-2 is symmetrically provided with adjusting bolts 5-4; the moving flange plate 5-3 is fixed on the adjusting bolts 5-4 through nuts 5-5; the top surface of the distributing disc 5-1 is provided as a conical surface, and forms a discharging gap with the moving flange plate 5-3; the conical degree can be selected according to different feed, so as to adjust the size of the discharging port pressure, and different products with different expansion degrees and gelatinization degrees can be obtained, and the applicability is higher.

[0047] Further, in order to facilitate the installation of the distributing disc 5-1, the tensioning flange plate 5-2 is circumferentially provided with a plurality of fixed pin sleeves 5-6; the distributing disc 5-1 is in sliding connection with the fixed pin sleeves 5-6, and the outer end of each fixed pin sleeve 5-6 is provided with a disc spring assembly 5-7 sleeved on the outer end of the distributing disc 5-1; and the outer end of each fixed pin sleeve 5-6 is provided with a limiting nut 5-8 for compressing and abutting the disc spring assembly 5-7 against the distributing disc 5-1.

[0048] Further, in order to facilitate the connection between the barrel assembly 1 and the driving assembly 3, the connecting assembly 6 comprises a connecting seat 6-1; the middle part of the connecting seat 6-1 is fixed with a shaft sleeve 6-3 through a fixed seat 6-2; an installation cavity is arranged between the fixed seat 6-2 and the shaft sleeve 6-3; the installation cavity is sequentially provided with an inner packing 6-4, an oil separation ring 6-5, an outer packing 6-6 and a gland 6-7 from inside to outside; the gland 6-7 is fixedly connected with the fixed seat 6-2 and is tightly pressed on the outer packing 6-6, so as to ensure the sealing between the feeding barrel 1-1 and the driving assembly 3 and avoid the backflow of the material into the inside of the driving assembly 3.

[0049] Further, the driving assembly 3 comprises a driving motor 3-1 and a speed reducer 3-2; the driving motor 3-1 is in driving connection with the speed reducer 3-2 through a torque limiter 3-3 to ensure the stability of driving the speed reducer 3-2; the speed reducer 3-2 is in driving connection with the screw assembly 2. As a preferred, the feeding mechanism 4 is a screw conveyor, and the feeding is more stable.

[0050] Further, the sum of the pre-tightening forces of all the disc spring assemblies 5-7 on the distribution disc 5-1 is 1.3-2.6 times of the discharge port pressure of the expansion discharge barrel 1-5, so as to avoid that the pre-tightening force is too large to cause the distribution disc 5-1 unable to self-adaptively adjust; the disc spring assembly 5-7 is composed of a plurality of disc spring pieces, and different number of disc spring pieces can be selected as the disc spring assembly 5-7 for different products, so as to adapt to the gelatinization of different feeds.

[0051] A feed pretreatment process, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0052] S1: uniformly feeding the powdery feed into the first conditioning device by the variable frequency feeder; the first conditioning device adopts a large type, a long type and a low speed of conditioning shaft to prolong the conditioning time and improve the conditioning effect;

[0053] S2: introducing steam into the first conditioning device, and adding molasses to the first conditioning device at multiple points, so that the molasses is fully mixed with the material in the first conditioning device and is uniformly adsorbed on the surface of the material;

[0054] S3: feeding the material in the first conditioning device into the reinforced conditioning device to further heat the conveyed material by the reinforced conditioning device;

[0055] S4: feeding the material heated by the reinforced conditioning device into the second conditioning device to add urea to the material by the second conditioning device;

[0056] S5: according to the requirement, the material in the second conditioning device is sent into the above-mentioned expansion device to be expanded and then granulated or directly granulated.

[0057] As preferred, the conditioning shafts of the first conditioner and the second conditioner are hollow shafts, and the hollow conditioning shafts and conditioning blades of the process can add more steam. Under high-temperature and high-pressure steam treatment, due to the heat effect of the steam, lignin in the straw is cracked and melted, and hemicellulose is degraded into xylose; then, the instant pressure relief through the expansion device achieves the effect of jetting and blasting. Due to the mechanical effect of jetting and blasting, the dense cell wall structure composed of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose is opened (broken), and the cell components are separated, and the sugar, protein, minerals and other small molecule nutrients contained therein are released. The organizational structure of the straw changes from the tightly arranged seamless state before treatment to a fluffy and porous state, the specific surface area increases, the adsorption capacity is enhanced, and the cellulose bundle is exposed. After being eaten by animals, the digestive juice and rumen microorganisms secreted by the animals can more easily invade the porous fiber straw, further digest and decompose, so as to be more beneficial to the digestion and absorption of animals.

[0058] The expansion device of the embodiment is composed of a vertical machine cylinder and a screw assembly 2 coaxially arranged in the machine cylinder, which eliminates the eccentric wear phenomenon of the screw cylinder of the original horizontal expansion device caused by the horizontal cantilever beam placement, and the bottom of the machine cylinder assembly 1 is provided with a distribution disc 5-1 movably abutting against the outlet of the machine cylinder assembly 1. The distribution disc 5-1 can automatically and real-timely enlarge the discharging annular gap opening according to the size of the outlet pressure, and real-timely eliminate the risk of machine blockage caused by the small annular gap.

[0059] The above specific embodiments further specifically describe the purposes, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present application. It should be understood that the above description is only for specific embodiments of the present application and is not used to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A feed expansion device, characterized in that: The utility model provides an extruder, including the machine cylinder component (1) who sets up along vertical direction and the screw rod component (2) who rotates coaxially in the machine cylinder component (1), the top of machine cylinder component (1) is equipped with the drive assembly (3) for driving screw rod component (2) operation, the upper portion of machine cylinder component (1) is equipped with the feeding mechanism (4) along horizontal direction with machine cylinder component (1) intercommunication, the bottom of machine cylinder component (1) is equipped with the discharge mechanism (5), the discharge mechanism (5) includes the distribution disc (5-1) of movable resistance to the outlet of machine cylinder component (1), the screw rod component (2) is fixed with resistance ring (2-5), machine cylinder component (1) is uniformly distributed with a plurality of shear bolts (2-7) on the circumferential direction along the resistance ring (2-5) place.

2. A feed expanding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: The machine cylinder component (1) includes feed cylinder (1-1), intermediate cylinder (1-2), transition cylinder (1-3), extrusion cylinder (1-4) and inflation discharge cylinder (1-5) connected in sequence, the side wall of feed cylinder (1-1) is communicated with feed inlet (1-6) connected with feeding mechanism (4), the top of feed cylinder (1-1) is fixedly connected with drive assembly (3) through connecting assembly (6), and distribution disc (5-1) is arranged at the outlet of inflation discharge cylinder (1-5).

3. A feed expanding apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: The screw rod component (2) includes a main shaft, the main shaft is sequentially feed screw rod section (2-1), conveying screw rod section (2-2), extrusion screw rod section (2-3) and inflation screw rod section (2-4) from top to bottom, resistance ring (2-5) is arranged between conveying screw rod section (2-2) and extrusion screw rod section (2-3) and between extrusion screw rod section (2-3) and inflation screw rod section (2-4) respectively, transition cylinder (1-3) is provided with screw sleeve flange (2-6) corresponding to the two resistance rings (2-5) between intermediate cylinder (1-2) and extrusion cylinder (1-4), and shear bolts (2-7) are circumferentially distributed on screw sleeve flange (2-6).

4. A feed expanding apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: The discharge mechanism (5) further includes a tension flange plate (5-2) and a movable flange plate (5-3), the tension flange plate (5-2) is fixed at the connection between the extrusion cylinder (1-4) and the inflation discharge cylinder (1-5), the tension flange plate (5-2) is symmetrically provided with adjusting bolts (5-4), the movable flange plate (5-3) is fixed on the adjusting bolts (5-4) through nuts (5-5), and the top surface of the distribution disc (5-1) is provided as a conical surface and forms a discharge gap with the movable flange plate (5-3).

5. A feed expanding apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: The tension flange plate (5-2) is circumferentially provided with a plurality of fixed pin sleeves (5-6), the distribution disc (5-1) is slidably connected with the fixed pin sleeves (5-6), and each fixed pin sleeve (5-6) is provided with a disc spring assembly (5-7) at the outer end of the distribution disc (5-1), and each fixed pin sleeve (5-6) is provided with a limiting nut (5-8) for compressing the disc spring assembly (5-7) against the distribution disc (5-1).

6. A feed expanding apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: The connecting assembly (6) comprises a connecting seat (6-1); the middle part of the connecting seat (6-1) is fixed with a shaft sleeve (6-3) through a fixing seat (6-2); an installation cavity is arranged between the fixing seat (6-2) and the shaft sleeve (6-3); the installation cavity is sequentially provided with an inner packing (6-4), an oil separation ring (6-5), an outer packing (6-6) and a gland (6-7) from inside to outside; the gland (6-7) is fixedly connected with the fixing seat (6-2) and is pressed on the outer packing (6-6).

7. A feed expanding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: The driving assembly (3) comprises a driving motor (3-1) and a speed reducer (3-2); the driving motor (3-1) is drivingly connected with the speed reducer (3-2) through a torque limiter (3-3); the speed reducer (3-2) is drivingly connected with the screw assembly (2).

8. A feed expanding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: The feeding mechanism (4) is a screw conveyor.

9. A feed expanding apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: The sum of the pre-tightening forces of all the disc spring assemblies (5-7) on the distributing disc (5-1) is 1.3-2.6 times of the discharge port pressure of the expanded discharge barrel (1-5).

10. A feed pretreatment process, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1: uniformly feeding the powdery feed into the first conditioning device by the variable frequency feeder; S2: introducing steam into the first conditioning device and adding molasses to multiple points in the first conditioning device, so that the molasses is fully mixed with the material in the first conditioning and is uniformly adsorbed on the surface of the material; S3: feeding the material in the first conditioning device into the reinforced conditioning device to further heat the conveyed material by the reinforced conditioning device; S4: feeding the material heated by the reinforced conditioning device into the second conditioning device to add urea to the material by the second conditioning device; S5: according to the requirement, the material in the second conditioning device is sent into the expansion device of any one of claims 1-8 to be expanded and then granulated or directly granulated.

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