A method for promoting early flowering of strawberries by short-day and night chilling

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for promoting early flowering of strawberries by short-day and night cooling, which includes: S1. Selection of seedlings: Select daughter seedlings with a seedling age of more than 100 days, having 5 leaves and 1 core, and more than 6 roots; S2. Heeling-in of seedlings: Select a heeling-in container, use a mixed substrate of peat, perlite and vermiculite in a ratio of 3:1:1, retain 3 leaves and 1 core, and heel-in for 10-15 days; S3. Storage treatment: Keep the substrate humidity at 50-70%; Temperature setting: Lower the temperature by 5°C compared to the outdoor temperature on the first day; Then lower the storage temperature by 3°C every day until it reaches 7°C. From the 15th day to the 18th day, gradually increase the storage temperature to 5°C lower than the outdoor temperature; Light setting: Set the light time to 8 hours on the first day, and gradually shorten it to 4 hours. From the 15th day to the 18th day, gradually increase the light to 8 hours. S4. Out-of-storage management: Take out the seedlings on the 19th day. The technical effect of the invention is that the time from flowering to fruit ripening of the planted plants is shortened by about 20 days, the time from planting to fruit ripening of the plants is shortened by 35 days, and the planted plants have strong growth, short differentiation time of the second inflorescence, and strong fruit-bearing continuity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of strawberry cultivation, and specifically provides a method for promoting early flowering of strawberries by short-day and night cooling. Background Art

[0002] Strawberries belong to perennial herbaceous plants of the genus Fragaria in the Rosaceae family and are one of the most economically valuable berry fruits. During the growth and development of strawberries, flower bud differentiation is not only closely related to flowering and fruit setting, directly affecting strawberry yield and quality, but also a key factor in achieving early harvest and market of strawberries at a higher unit price. Flower bud differentiation is an important marker for the transformation of strawberry from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, mainly including four stages: induction, initiation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. There are many factors affecting flower bud differentiation, among which temperature and photoperiod are the key factors affecting strawberry flower bud differentiation.

[0003] Treating strawberries of different seedling ages with low temperature and short-day technology is beneficial to plant flower bud differentiation. At present, there are also some reports at home and abroad, but the existing low-temperature and short-day treatment facilities have high costs, large differences in treatment effects, and directly affect the growth of seedlings after planting and the fruit quality, especially the continuity of fruiting.

[0004] An effective low-temperature and short-day technology can promote plant flower bud differentiation, facilitate early fruit ripening, and does not affect the normal physiological state and fruiting habit of plants. Applying the technical method of this application, the time from flowering to fruit ripening of the plants after planting is shortened by about 20 days, the time from plant planting to fruit ripening is shortened by 35 days, and the plants after planting have strong growth, short differentiation time of the second inflorescence, and strong fruiting continuity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the invention is to provide a method for promoting early flowering of strawberries by short-day and night cooling to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical solution: A method for promoting early flowering of strawberries by short-day and night cooling, specifically including the following steps:

[0007] S1. Selection of Seedlings:

[0008] Select daughter seedlings with a seedling age of more than 100 days bred in early spring, having 5 leaves and 1 core, more than 6 roots, and being strong and free from diseases and pests;

[0009] S2. Heeling-in of Seedlings:

[0010] Select a heeling-in container, use a mixed matrix of peat, perlite, and vermiculite in a ratio of 3:1:1, with the pH value of the matrix being 5.5 - 6.5. Pour the matrix thoroughly with water, keep the matrix and air humidity after transplanting and shade, remove the old leaves when the seedlings recover and new leaves emerge, retain 3 leaves and 1 core, and heel-in for 10 - 15 days;

[0011] S3. Storage processing:

[0012] During the entire processing cycle, the substrate humidity is maintained at 50 - 70%;

[0013] Temperature setting: On the first day, the temperature is reduced by 5°C compared to the outdoor temperature; thereafter, the temperature in the storage is reduced by 3°C every day until it reaches 7°C. From the 15th day to the 18th day, the temperature in the storage gradually increases to 5°C lower than the outdoor temperature;

[0014] Light setting: On the first day, the light duration is 8 hours and gradually shortens to 4 hours. From the 15th day to the 18th day, the light gradually increases to 8 hours.

[0015] S4. Outbound management:

[0016] The seedlings are taken out of the storage on the 19th day of the seedling treatment. For artificial light, shading is required for 1 week after planting out, while for natural light, no shading is required after planting out.

[0017] Preferably, the temporary planting container is a plastic basket, a plug tray or a nursery pot.

[0018] Preferably, the temporary planting of the seedlings further includes:

[0019] When the seedling height is 9 - 11 cm, fungicides, insecticides, rooting agents, and cytokinins are sprayed.

[0020] Preferably, the entire processing cycle of the storage processing is 18 days.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: For the method of promoting early flowering of strawberries by short-day and night cooling, the time from flowering to fruit ripening of the planted plants is shortened by about 20 days, the time from planting to fruit ripening of the plants is shortened by 35 days, and the planted plants have strong growth, short differentiation time of the second inflorescence, and strong fruit-bearing continuity. Brief description of the drawings

[0022] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a method for promoting early flowering of strawberries by short-day and night cooling. Detailed implementation manners

[0023] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0024] Please refer to Figure 1 , the invention provides a technical solution: A method for promoting early flowering of strawberries by short-day and night cooling, specifically including the following steps:

[0025] S1. Selection of Seedlings:

[0026] Select the daughter seedlings bred in early spring with a seedling age of over 100 days, having 5 leaves and 1 core, with over 6 roots, being robust and free from pests and diseases;

[0027] S2. Heeling-in of Seedlings:

[0028] Select a heeling-in container, use a mixed substrate of peat, perlite and vermiculite in a ratio of 3:1:1, with the substrate pH value of 5.5 - 6.5. Thoroughly water the substrate. After transplantation, maintain the substrate and air humidity and shade. When the seedlings recover and new leaves emerge, remove the old leaves, retaining 3 leaves and 1 core, and heel-in for 10 - 15 days;

[0029] S3. Storage Treatment:

[0030] During the entire treatment cycle, maintain the substrate humidity at 50 - 70%;

[0031] Temperature Setting: On the first day, lower the temperature by 5°C compared to the outdoor temperature; thereafter, lower the storage temperature by 3°C every day until it reaches 7°C. From the 15th day to the 18th day, gradually increase the storage temperature to 5°C lower than the outdoor temperature;

[0032] Lighting Setting: On the first day, set the lighting time to 8 hours, gradually shorten it to 4 hours. From the 15th day to the 18th day, gradually increase the lighting to 8 hours.

[0033] S4. Management after Taking out of Storage:

[0034] Take out the seedlings on the 19th day of the seedling treatment. For artificial lighting, shade for 1 week after taking out and planting. For natural lighting, no shading is required after taking out.

[0035] In this embodiment, the heeling-in container is a plastic basket, a plug tray or a nursery pot.

[0036] In this embodiment, the heeling-in of seedlings further includes:

[0037] When the seedling height is 9 - 11 cm, spray fungicides, insecticides, rooting agents, and cytokinins.

[0038] In this embodiment, the entire treatment cycle of the storage treatment is 18 days.

[0039] Experimental Comparison:

[0040] Taking the untreated same-variety and same-age seedlings as the control group (CK), the seedlings treated with the existing low-temperature and short-day treatment method (continuously culturing at 12 °C in the dark from 17:00 in the evening to 9:00 in the morning for 20 days, and culturing under natural light at normal temperature for the rest of the time) as the first experimental group (T1), and the seedlings treated with the technical method of the present invention as the second experimental group (T2). Comparative experiments on autumn and winter greenhouse cultivation were carried out on 30 seedlings in each of the three different treatments. After planting, the phenological periods, fruit quality and yield of all individual plants were investigated. The specific sampling and investigation methods refer to "NY / T 2931-2016 Strawberry Germplasm Resources Description Specification and Data Standard".

[0041] Compared with the untreated control plants, the time from planting to budding of the plants treated with T1 and T2 was shortened by 15 days. The time from flowering to fruit ripening of T2 was shortened by 5 days compared with T1, and the time from the differentiation of the first inflorescence to the differentiation of the second inflorescence of T2 was shortened by 8 days compared with T1. Therefore, the fruits of the plants treated with T2 matured earlier, and the continuity of fruit setting of the plants was also better, as shown in Table 1 below.

[0042] Table 1 Comparison of strawberry phenological periods under different treatments

[0043]

[0044] From the perspective of the plant growth status, the plant height, crown diameter, petiole length, inflorescence length and length of the first-order fruit stalk of the plants treated with the two cold treatment methods were significantly smaller than those of the untreated control plants, but there were no significant differences in leaf area and the number of effective leaves, and there were also no significant differences between the two treatments, as shown in Table 2 below.

[0045] Table 2 Analysis of botanical traits of strawberries under different treatments

[0046]

[0047] From the perspective of fruit quality and yield, the fruit size and single-fruit weight of the fruits treated with T1 were significantly smaller than those of the control. The soluble solid content increased, the total acid content decreased, the solid-acid ratio was high, and the taste was good, but the yield per plant decreased. The fruit size and single-fruit weight of the fruits treated with T2 were also lower than those of the control, but larger than those of T1. The soluble solid content also increased, the taste became better, and the yield per plant was higher than that of T1, as shown in Table 3 below.

[0048] Table 3 Analysis of fruit quality and yield of strawberries under different treatments

[0049]

[0050] In summary, for the method of promoting early flowering of strawberries by short-day and night cooling, the time from flowering to fruit ripening of the planted plants was shortened by about 20 days, the time from planting to fruit ripening of the plants was shortened by 35 days, and the planted plants had strong growth, short differentiation time of the second inflorescence, and strong fruit-setting continuity.

[0051] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies, the present invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for promoting early flowering of strawberries by short-day and night cooling, characterized in that: Specifically, it includes the following steps: S1. Seedling selection: Select the daughter seedlings bred in early spring with a seedling age of over 100 days, having 5 leaves and 1 core, with over 6 roots, being robust and free from diseases and pests; S2. Seedling temporary planting: Select a temporary planting container, use a mixed substrate of peat, perlite and vermiculite in a ratio of 3:1:1, with the pH value of the substrate being 5.5 - 6.

5. Thoroughly water the substrate. After transplantation, maintain the humidity of the substrate and air and provide shade. When new leaves emerge after the seedlings recover, remove the old leaves, leaving 3 leaves and 1 core, and conduct temporary planting for 10 - 15 days; S3. Storage treatment: During the entire treatment cycle, maintain the substrate humidity at 50 - 70%; Temperature setting: On the first day, lower the temperature by 5°C compared to the outdoor temperature; then lower the temperature in the storage by 3°C every day until it reaches 7°C. From the 15th day to the 18th day, gradually increase the temperature in the storage to 5°C lower than the outdoor temperature; Light setting: On the first day, set the light duration to 8 hours, and gradually shorten it to 4 hours. From the 15th day to the 18th day, gradually increase the light to 8 hours; S4. Out - storage management: The seedlings are taken out of storage on the 19th day of the seedling treatment. For the seedlings taken out of storage under artificial light, shade is required for 1 week after planting, while for those taken out of storage under natural light, no shade is required.

2. The method for promoting early flowering of strawberries by short-day and night cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temporary planting container is a plastic basket, a plug tray or a nursery pot.

3. The method for promoting early flowering of strawberries by short-day and night cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seedling temporary planting also includes: When the seedling height is 9 - 11 cm, spray fungicides, insecticides, rooting agents, and cytokinins.

4. A method for promoting early flowering of strawberries by short-day and night cooling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The entire treatment cycle of the storage treatment is 18 days.

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