Ecological cooperation method for green prevention and control of plateau strawberry diseases and insect pests

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of green prevention and control of crops, in particular to an ecological synergistic prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests suitable for strawberry planting in plateau regions, which attracts natural enemy insects by intercropping umbelliferae, compositae and leguminous functional plants, and naturally controls the population number of honeydew type pests such as trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphids and scale insects. The soil fertility is maintained through green manure rotation, the strawberry sooty mould occurrence rate is effectively reduced, the strawberry fruit quality and yield are improved, and the method has the advantages of being green, safe, low in investment and high in benefit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of green prevention and control of agricultural pests and diseases, and in particular to a method suitable for plateau open-air and greenhouse strawberry cultivation, which realizes sustainable prevention and control of pests and diseases through ecological regulation and intercropping of functional plants. Background Art

[0002] Strawberry is a small berry crop with high economic value. It has been successfully cultivated on a large scale, covering two planting modes: greenhouse facilities and open fields according to regional conditions. However, with the continuous expansion of scale and the complex ecological environment, large temperature differences and humid climate of the plateau, it has been found that strawberry cultivation is extremely prone to induce a variety of diseases and pests.

[0003] Strawberry sooty mold is a secondary disease caused by various fungi, including Solomon's blight, Solomon's sphaeroides, and Solomon's sphaeroides. The pathogens themselves lack the ability to infect, relying instead on the honeydew secreted by the pests as a nutrient matrix for growth and reproduction. Typical symptoms include the formation of a black or grayish-black mold layer on leaves and fruit, severely impacting photosynthesis, respiratory metabolism, and the fruit's commercial value.

[0004] The occurrence of strawberry sooty mold is often highly associated with the following pests:

[0005] ①Whiteflies are common in greenhouses: they can suck sap and secrete large amounts of honeydew, inducing sooty mold disease;

[0006] ② Aphids are most prevalent in open air in spring: they gather in groups on young leaves and inflorescences, spread viruses and produce large amounts of nectar;

[0007] ③Scale insects lurk in perennial strawberries: their shells are hard and difficult to control, and their secretions also provide a source of nutrition for mold.

[0008] Existing prevention and control technologies generally rely on the spraying of chemical pesticides, such as imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, but long-term use can easily lead to problems such as pest resistance, excessive pesticide residues, and ecological imbalance, especially in the fragile ecological environment of the plateau, where there are significant risks.

[0009] Therefore, establishing a green control method that can be applied to greenhouse and open-air strawberry cultivation and can carry out biological-ecological integrated intervention against a variety of honeydew pests is a key issue that needs to be urgently addressed in the current strawberry green cultivation system. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The present invention proposes a green control method based on ecological regulation and intercropping of functional plants. It controls pests by naturally attracting natural enemy insects such as lacewings, ladybugs, and hoverflies, and uses leguminous green manure rotation to maintain soil fertility, thereby achieving a green model of high-quality strawberry production and low-risk coexistence of pests and diseases.

[0011] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0012] Ecological synergy methods for green control of plateau strawberry pests and diseases include:

[0013] 1) intercropping functional plant belts on both sides of the main strawberry planting area or between rows to attract natural enemy insects, wherein the functional plants include at least one of the Umbelliferae, Asteraceae, or Leguminosae plants, and the natural enemy insects include at least one of the ladybugs, lacewings, and hoverflies;

[0014] 2) The functional plants are planted in a proportion of 10% to 20% of the total cultivated area, and are planted in a strip pattern, with one row of functional plants every 5 to 10 rows of strawberries;

[0015] 3) The functional plants are sown and regenerated in stages according to the strawberry cultivation cycle, and the natural enemies naturally gathered by the functional plants provide long-term and stable control of honeydew pests in the field; the honeydew pests include whiteflies, aphids, and scale insects;

[0016] 4) At the same time, by controlling ventilation, dehumidification and removing diseased debris, the fungal infection basis of sooty mold disease is reduced, and the healthy growth of strawberry plants and high-quality fruit output are achieved.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention proposes the concept of "Crop Assisted Ecosystem Services (CAES)", which constructs a self-sustaining ecosystem through the synergistic effects of plants, insects and microorganisms; establishes a natural control system of strawberries, auxiliary crops and beneficial insects to achieve ecological prevention and control of pests and diseases; and adopts a multi-factor linkage control strategy to enhance system stability and environmental adaptability.

[0018] Preferably, the Umbelliferae plant is wild celery or parsnip, the Asteraceae plant is water spinach or Artemisia argyi, and the Leguminosae plant is mung bean, cowpea, red clover or arrow pea.

[0019] Preferably, the functional plant strips are arranged perpendicularly or equidistantly parallel to the strawberries, the intercropping ratio is controlled at 10% to 15%, and shallow-rooted species are used to avoid competition with the strawberry root system.

[0020] Preferably, under greenhouse planting conditions, the air humidity is controlled at 60% to 75%, and reflective film is set to induce interference with pest behavior; under open-air planting conditions, sorghum or wheat planting belts are set at the edge of the field to form habitat isolation areas and wind barrier structures.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solutions, stability can be enhanced through the regulation of ecological factors such as temperature, humidity, and vegetation diversity.

[0022] Preferably, the functional plants are planted in stages according to the strawberry planting cycle, including:

[0023] a) sowing functional legumes in the fields one month before strawberry planting, between August and September each year, wherein the legumes are red clover and pea; the legumes are turned and pressed into the soil before strawberry planting to serve as base fertilizer, thereby increasing the soil's nitrogen supply capacity and organic matter content;

[0024] b) intercropping Umbelliferae or Asteraceae plants between or along the strawberry rows during the initial strawberry transplanting period from October to November, wherein the Umbelliferae are Celery or Parsnip, and the Asteraceae are Amaranthus or Artemisia argyi; the functional plants are planted in strips or at equal intervals to attract ladybugs, lacewings, and hoverflies, thereby stably controlling the field population of honeydew pests such as aphids, whiteflies, and scales during the strawberry growing season;

[0025] c) sowing summer legumes, such as mung beans or cowpeas, in vacant areas of the field from May to June after the strawberry harvest to maintain habitats for natural enemies, replenish soil nitrogen, and suppress weeds, thereby providing an ecological basis for the next round of crop rotation.

[0026] Preferably, the legume plant sowing to turning cycle is controlled at 90 to 120 days, and the fresh weight yield of green manure is 2000-3000 kg per mu, which is used to increase the nitrogen and organic matter content in the soil.

[0027] Preferably, the functional plants can attract natural enemies and improve soil functions, while their flowers are used to provide nectar sources and their stems and leaves are used for mulching or feeding, so as to achieve the combination of ecological regulation function and additional output value.

[0028] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0029] 1) Innovation in technical concepts;

[0030] 2) Low-cost and sustainable, it avoids the high-cost operation of artificially releasing natural enemy insects and relies on the natural balance of the system; it reduces pesticide use by more than 60% and reduces the risk of chemical residues.

[0031] 3) Suitable for both greenhouse and open-air cultivation in high altitudes, compatible with environments at different altitudes (2,000-4,500 meters), with strong adaptability; accurately controls honeydew pests such as aphids, whiteflies, and scale insects;

[0032] 4) Significantly reduced the incidence of sooty mold disease, increased the sugar content of strawberries by 1-2 degrees, optimized the uniformity of fruit shape, met export-grade green certification standards, and improved the marketability of the fruit;

[0033] 5) The technology has promotional value and can be replicated to plateau crops such as highland barley and other vegetables, helping the transformation of regional ecological agriculture.

[0034] This invention replaces chemical control with ecological regulation, constructs a self-sustaining ecological control network, reduces the cost of human intervention, forms a sustainable production model of "using insects to control insects and using plants to suppress diseases", and simultaneously improves economic and ecological benefits, providing a reference solution for plateau agriculture. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of ventilation, dehumidification and reflective film / wind barrier structure under plateau greenhouse and open-air planting conditions;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a curve chart showing the changes in field density of honeydew pests (whiteflies, aphids, and scale insects). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention is further described below by specific examples. In order to make the invention purpose, technical solution and beneficial technical effect of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the examples. It should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0038] Unless otherwise stated, all films and reagents used in the examples are commercially available or synthesized according to conventional methods and can be used directly without further treatment. The instruments used in the examples are also commercially available.

[0039] Example 1:

[0040] Cultivation model greenhouse Altitude 3000 meters Functional plant combinations Red clover (Leguminosae) + Mountain celery (Apiaceae) + Artemisia selengensis (Asteraceae) Functional plant planting ratio 12% Strip setting method Plant one functional plant every seven strawberry rows, arranged vertically. Humidity control The air humidity in the greenhouse is maintained at 65% to 70%, and reflective film is installed to interfere with the orientation of pests.

[0041] Phased planting and ecological data:

[0042] Base fertilizer period (sowing red clover in mid-August): After 90 days of natural growth, turn it into the soil and press it into the soil. The soil organic matter content will increase from 1.8% to 2.5%, and the total nitrogen content will increase from 800 mg / kg to 1100 mg / kg.

[0043] Attracting period (mid-October): intercropping of mountain celery and Artemisia praecox strips to attract ladybugs, lacewings and hoverflies. The density of aphids dropped from 5.2 to 1.3 per plant, and that of whiteflies to 1.1 per plant.

[0044] Maintenance period (sowing mung beans in early June): fresh weight yield is about 2700 kg / mu, organic matter increases to 2.6%, and nitrogen content reaches 1150 mg / kg.

[0045] Example 2:

[0046] Cultivation model greenhouse Altitude 3500 meters Functional plant combinations Arrow pea + parsnip + white artemisia Functional plant planting ratio 15% Strip setting method Arranged parallel to the strawberries at equal distances, with one row of functional plants for every six rows of strawberries Humidity control Controlled at 60% to 68%, the reflective film laying ratio is 30% of the total ground area

[0047] Phased planting and ecological data:

[0048] Base fertilizer period (sowing peas at the end of August): the soil was turned over 95 days after sowing, the soil nitrogen content increased from 790 mg / kg to 1120 mg / kg, and the organic matter content increased to 2.6%.

[0049] During the enemy attraction period (early October), the combination of Parsnip and Artemisia selengensis attracts lacewings and ladybugs. The pest control rate is: 76% for aphids, 75% for whiteflies, and 68% for scale insects.

[0050] Maintenance period (sowing mung beans in early June): the yield is about 2750 kg / mu, the soil nitrogen content is stable at 1150 mg / kg, and the organic matter content increases slightly to 2.7%.

[0051] Example 3:

[0052] Cultivation model open air Altitude 2700 meters Functional plant combinations Mung Bean + Parsnip + Artemisia selengensis Functional plant planting ratio 10% Strip setting method Set up one row of functional plants every eight rows of strawberries Boundary Settings Sorghum belts are placed at the edge of the field to create windbreaks Humidity control Relying on terrain for ventilation, natural humidity is 50% to 60%

[0053] Phased planting and ecological data:

[0054] Base fertilizer period (sowing mung beans in early August): After 90 days of turning over, soil nitrogen increased from 770 mg / kg to 1050 mg / kg, and organic matter increased from 1.7% to 2.3%.

[0055] Enemy luring period (October): The combination of Parsnip and Artemisia annua was used to lure the enemies, and the aphid density was reduced to 1.5 per plant, and the whitefly control rate reached 73%.

[0056] Maintenance period (sowing cowpea in May of the following year): fresh weight 2600 kg / mu, nitrogen content maintained at 1100 mg / kg, and weed coverage rate decreased by 32%.

[0057] Example 4:

[0058] Cultivation model open air Altitude 4500 meters Functional plant combinations Arrow peas + parsnips Functional plant planting ratio 20% Strip setting method Equidistant and parallel, with 1 functional strip every 5 rows Boundary Settings Wheat strips are placed at the edge of the plot to form wind barriers and isolate the habitat Humidity control Natural ventilation + ditch irrigation dehumidification

[0059] Phased planting and ecological data:

[0060] Base fertilizer period (sowing peas in late June): Turn the soil in advance to the end of September, and the soil nitrogen content will increase from 760 mg / kg to 1080 mg / kg, and the organic matter content will increase from 1.6% to 2.3%.

[0061] Enemy-luring period (early October): Planting single parsnip to lure the enemy can achieve a 73% aphid control rate, an 80% reduction rate for whiteflies, and a 63% reduction in scale density.

[0062] Maintenance period (sowing cowpea in June): green manure yield is 2600 kg / mu, and soil nitrogen continues to increase to 1130 mg / kg.

[0063] Example 5:

[0064] Cultivation model greenhouse Altitude 2500 meters Functional plant combinations Red Clover + Amaranthus Functional plant planting ratio 10% Strip setting method Strawberries are arranged vertically, with one strip every 10 rows Humidity control Maintain 65% of the shed area, and cover about 25% of the reflective film area

[0065] Phased planting and ecological data:

[0066] Base fertilizer period (sowing red clover in August): After 90 days, the soil was turned over and compacted, and the soil organic matter increased to 2.4%, and the nitrogen concentration reached 1060 mg / kg.

[0067] Enemy-luring period (October): Amaranthus fasciatus attracts aphid flies, and the aphid density drops to 1.4 per plant, while the whitefly control rate reaches 72%.

[0068] Maintenance period (sowing mung beans in May of the following year): fresh weight yield is 2500 kg / mu, and nitrogen is stable at 1090 mg / kg.

[0069] A parallel comparative analysis was performed on Examples 1-5:

[0070] Example Insect population density decline rate (average) Soil nitrogen increase (mg / kg) Organic matter increase (%) Example 1 74% 300 0.7 Example 2 73% 330 0.7 Example 3 71% 280 0.6 Example 4 72% 320 0.7 Example 5 70% 260 0.6

[0071] In summary, Examples 1-5 show that the phased configuration of functional plants improves the timeliness of pest control and soil health, enhances system stability, and avoids the risks of single-cycle regulation; it is applicable to areas at different altitudes of 2000-4500 meters, verifying the wide adaptability of ecological regulation strategies in plateau areas; legumes have both green manure value and enemy attractant function, while reducing dependence on pesticides by more than 60%, and significantly improving the commercial value of fruits (sugar content↑, residue↓), achieving ecological + economic dual benefits; the average insect population density in multiple embodiments decreased by more than 70%, and the incidence of sooty mold decreased by about 50%, with efficient pest control; it is suitable for promotion in other plateau crop systems such as barley and tomatoes, and the model is highly replicable.

Claims

1. An ecological collaborative method for green control of plateau strawberry pests and diseases, characterized in that: include: 1) intercropping functional plant belts on both sides of the main strawberry planting area or between rows to attract natural enemy insects, wherein the functional plants include at least one of the Umbelliferae, Asteraceae, or Leguminosae plants, and the natural enemy insects include at least one of the ladybugs, lacewings, and hoverflies; 2) The functional plants are planted at a ratio of 10% to 20% of the total cultivated area, and are planted in strips, with one row of functional plants every 5 to 10 rows of strawberry planting areas; 3) The functional plants are sown and regenerated in stages according to the strawberry cultivation cycle, and the natural enemies naturally gathered by the functional plants provide long-term and stable control of honeydew pests in the field; the honeydew pests include whiteflies, aphids, and scale insects; 4) At the same time, by controlling ventilation, dehumidification and removing diseased debris, the probability of fungal infection by sooty mold disease is reduced, achieving healthy growth of strawberry plants and high-quality fruit output.

2. The ecological collaborative method for green control of plateau strawberry pests and diseases according to claim 1, wherein The Umbelliferae plant is wild celery or parsnip, the Asteraceae plant is water spinach or white wormwood, and the Leguminosae plant is mung bean, cowpea, red clover or arrow pea.

3. The ecological collaborative method for green control of plateau strawberry diseases and insect pests according to claim 2, characterized in that, Functional plant strips are arranged perpendicularly or equidistantly parallel to the strawberries, the intercropping ratio is controlled at 10% to 15%, and shallow-rooted species are used to avoid competition with the strawberry root system.

4. The ecological collaborative method for green control of plateau strawberry diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, characterized in that, Under greenhouse cultivation conditions, the air humidity is controlled at 60% to 75%, and reflective film is set up to physically interfere with pest migration and assist natural enemy insects in pest control; under open-air cultivation conditions, sorghum or wheat planting belts are set up at the edge of the field to reduce the risk of invasion by external insect sources.

5. The ecological collaborative method for green control of plateau strawberry diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional plants are planted in stages according to the strawberry planting cycle, including: a) Sow legumes as green manure mulch one month before strawberry planting; b) When transplanting strawberries, sow Umbelliferae or Asteraceae plants between the rows; c) After strawberry harvest, legumes are sown to maintain the natural enemy insect population and restore soil ecology.

6. The ecological collaborative method for green control of plateau strawberry pests and diseases according to claim 5, characterized in that, The legume plant sowing to turning period is controlled at 90 to 120 days, so as to increase the nitrogen and organic matter content in the soil.

7. The ecological collaborative method for green control of plateau strawberry pests and diseases according to claim 6, characterized in that, While the functional plants can attract natural enemies and improve soil functions, their flowers are used to provide nectar sources. The stems and leaves are covered and returned to the field to improve the rhizosphere microecology of strawberries, or used as a feed crop to increase comprehensive benefits.

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