A method of controlling ore dilution in an upward slicing and filling mining operation

Abstract

The application discloses a method for controlling ore dilution in upward slicing and filling mining, and the method comprises the following steps: two-step mining is adopted for each layer of mining body, and the two-step mining is one-step mining and two-step mining; interval mining is adopted for the one-step mining, and after the mining, support is conducted, then buffer holes of the upper layer of mining are drilled in the mining road, filling retaining walls are built, and the one-step mining road is cemented and filled; after the one-step filling body reaches the design strength, the two-step mining is conducted to mine the mining body and support, the buffer holes of the upper layer of mining are drilled, the filling retaining walls are built, and the two-step mining road is cemented and filled. The method takes the cutting engineering and the support procedure of the upward mining as the cutting point, fully utilizes the buffer holes and the combined support method for controlling the dilution to control the ore dilution caused by the filling body damage, is easy to construct, is seamlessly connected with the original procedure, has a simple process, and can effectively control the ore dilution caused by the filling body damage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a mining method, and more particularly to a method for controlling the dilution of ore in upward stratified filling mining. Background Technology

[0002] Gold deposits are mostly gently dipping, medium-thick ore bodies with well-developed joints and fractures, good overall stability, but locally more fragmented. The backfill mining method is commonly used for extraction. After years of technological development and innovation, the excavation and support techniques for the backfill body have become relatively mature. However, localized damage to the backfill body leads to serious ore dilution problems, especially in upward-facing backfill operations, where the strength requirements for the backfill body are not high, making this problem particularly prominent. When mining adjacent ore bodies with backfilled backfills, blasting operations cause severe damage to the backfill body, resulting in the mixing of ore into the backfill and causing severe dilution, directly affecting subsequent beneficiation indicators and economic benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for controlling the dilution of ore through upward layered backfilling that is easy to construct.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the method and process adopted in this invention are as follows: each layer of ore body is mined in two steps, namely, one-step mining and two-step mining; the one-step mining adopts an intermittent mining approach to mine the ore body, and after mining, support is provided. Then, a buffer hole of the upper layer of the approach is drilled in the approach, a filling retaining wall is built, and the one-step mining approach is cemented and filled; after the one-step mining filling body reaches the design strength, the two-step mining is carried out to mine and support the ore body, drill a buffer hole of the upper layer of the approach, build a filling retaining wall, and cement the two-step mining approach.

[0005] Furthermore, the buffer holes for the one-step sampling are vertically upward holes, arranged in a row, and located 0.5m from the boundary of the one-step sampling path.

[0006] Furthermore, the buffer holes for the two-step sampling are vertically upward holes, arranged in a row, and located 0.5m from the boundary of the two-step sampling path.

[0007] Furthermore, the positions of the upper-level access route and the mining access route are arranged alternately.

[0008] Furthermore, the step-by-step approach is designed with peripheral boreholes according to the approach boundary.

[0009] Furthermore, the two-step mining approach is designed with peripheral boreholes in the vertical direction of the approach, with the boreholes 0.2m away from the buffer hole.

[0010] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows: This invention takes the top-down approach mining preparation and cutting engineering and support process as the starting point, makes full use of the original mining preparation and cutting engineering and support process to control the dilution of ore buffer holes and the combined support method, which is easy to construct, seamlessly connected with the original process, and simple in process; by using the one-step mining excavation space to arrange buffer holes of different layers, the buffer holes absorb the blasting energy, reduce the ore dilution caused by the spalling of the filling body, and can effectively control the ore dilution problem caused by the destruction of the filling body. Attached Figure Description

[0011] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0012] Figure 1 This is a front view of the mining structure of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 2 This is a side view of the mining structure of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 3 This is a top view of the mining structure of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 4 This is the design drawing of the blast hole for the one-step mining approach of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the end of the one-step mining approach of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the completion of the one-step sampling and filling process of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 7 This is the design drawing of the two-step mining approach and blast hole of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the end of the two-step mining approach of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram showing the completion of the two-step sampling and filling process of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1 is the transport roadway; 2 is the segmented connecting roadway; 3 is the access roadway connecting roadway; 4 is the ventilation backfill; 5 is the mining access roadway; 6 is the buffer hole; L is the access roadway width; H is the access roadway height; Ⅰ is the lower backfill of the first-stage mining access roadway; Ⅱ is the upper backfill of the first-stage mining access roadway; Ⅲ is the lower backfill of the second-stage mining access roadway; Ⅳ is the upper backfill of the second-stage mining access roadway. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Figures 1-3 middle, Figure 1 This is the front view along direction AA. Figure 2 This is a side view facing BB. Figure 3This is a top view from the CC direction.

[0023] Figures 1-9 As shown, a method for controlling ore dilution in upward layered backfilling mining employs the following process: the stope is arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body, with a stope length of 20–60 m and a height of 30–60 m; the width is equal to the ore body thickness, i.e., the length of the access road, which is 10–60 m; the access road width is 3.5–5 m and the height is 3–4 m. The mining of each access road ore body is divided into two steps: a single-step mining and a two-step mining.

[0024] 1) One-step mining: The ore body is mined by an intermittent approach, i.e., mining one step at a time. The mining approach is designed according to the approach boundary, and the surrounding boreholes are calculated by back calculation through buffer holes 6. After mining, support is carried out, and the support is combined with anchor bolts, steel mesh and geotextile. After support, the buffer holes 6 of the upper approach are drilled in the approach using a medium-deep hole drilling rig. The buffer holes 6 are vertical upward holes, and there is a row of them. They are 0.5m away from the boundary of the one-step mining approach, and the spacing between the buffer holes is 1.5m. The height of the holes is the height of the approach. The filling retaining wall is built, and then the one-step mining approach is cemented backfilled. During cemented backfilling, the lower part of the filling is filled with a 1:8 lime-sand slurry, and the upper 1m of the filling is filled with a 1:4 lime-sand slurry. After adopting the above process, immediate support after the first-stage mining can enhance the stability of the backfill; after the second-stage mining blast, the buffer holes absorb the blasting energy, which can effectively reduce ore dilution caused by the spalling of the backfill.

[0025] 2) Second-stage mining: After the backfill body of the first-stage mining reaches the design strength, the second-stage mining is carried out to recover the ore body. Vertical peripheral holes are set according to the approach, and the peripheral holes of the blast holes are 0.2m away from the buffer holes set in the first-stage mining. After mining, support is carried out, and the support is combined with anchor bolts, steel mesh and geotextile. After support, a medium-deep hole drilling rig is used to drill the buffer holes 6 of the upper-level approach in the approach. The buffer holes 6 are vertical upward holes, set in a row, 0.5m away from the boundary of the second-stage mining approach, and the hole spacing between the buffer holes 6 is 1.5m. The backfill retaining wall is built, and then the second-stage mining approach is cemented backfill. During cemented backfill, the lower part of the backfill is filled with a 1:20 lime-sand slurry, and the upper 1m of the backfill is filled with a 1:4 lime-sand slurry.

[0026] 3) The positions of the upper-level access route and the mining access route are staggered.

[0027] Example: The specific process of this method for controlling the dilution of ore in upward layered backfilling mining is as follows.

[0028] Figures 1-3As shown, the stope is arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. The stope is 40m long, 40m high, and its width is equal to the thickness of the ore body, which is also the length of the 40m long access road 5. The access width L and access height H of access road 5 are both 4m. Access roads 5 of different layers are arranged alternately. Access roads 5 of the same layer are connected by access roadway 3. Access roads of layers 3 and 4 are connected by segmented access roadway 2. Ore is transported outward through transport roadway 1. Figures 4-6 As shown, the mining of each access ore body is divided into two steps: the first step is an intermittent access to mine the ore body, and the access for the first step is designed with perimeter boreholes according to the access boundary. After mining, support is provided, using a combination of anchor bolts, steel mesh, and geotextile support. After support, a medium-deep hole drilling rig is used to drill buffer holes 6 for the previous access layer within the access road. The buffer holes are vertical upward holes, in a row, with a hole spacing of 1.5m, and the buffer holes are 0.5m away from the boundary of the first-step access road. A backfill wall is constructed to cement the backfill of the first-step access road. The lower part of the backfill of the first-step access road is filled with a 1:8 lime-sand slurry, as shown. Figure 6 The lower part of the first-stage mining approach is filled with backfill material I; the upper 1m is filled with a 1:4 lime-sand slurry, such as... Figure 6 The upper filling body II of the first-step mining approach. After the first-step mining approach is filled, the ventilation well of the first-step mining is filled with the filling body to form the ventilation filling body 4.

[0029] Figures 7-9 As shown, after the first-stage mining and backfill reaches the design strength, the second-stage mining body is mined, supported, and the buffer holes for the upper-level access road are drilled, retaining walls are built, and backfilling is carried out. The buffer holes are vertical upward holes in a row, with a hole spacing of 1.5m, and the buffer holes are 0.5m away from the boundary of the second-stage mining access road. The second-stage mining access road is arranged with the vertical perimeter holes of the access road 0.2m away from the buffer holes. The support is the same as that of the first-stage mining access road. The lower part of the backfill of the second-stage mining access road is filled with a 1:20 lime-sand slurry. Figure 9 The lower part of the first-stage mining approach is filled with backfill material III; the upper 1m is filled with a 1:4 lime-sand slurry, such as... Figure 9 The first-stage mining approach is filled with the upper filling body IV. After the second-stage mining approach is filled, the ventilation well of the second-stage mining is filled with the filling body to form the ventilation filling body 4.

Claims

1. A method for controlling ore dilution in upward stratified filling mining, characterized in that, The method and process are as follows: each layer of the ore body is mined in two steps, namely one step mining and two steps mining, and the positions of the upper layer of the ore body and the mining ore body are staggered; the one step mining adopts the intermittent approach to mine the ore body, and after mining, it is supported. Then, the buffer hole (6) of the upper layer of the ore body is drilled in the ore body. The buffer hole (6) is a vertical upward hole. The filling retaining wall is built and the one step mining ore body is cemented and filled. After the filling body of the one step mining reaches the design strength, the two steps mining is carried out to mine and support the ore body. The buffer hole (6) of the upper layer of the ore body is drilled. The buffer hole (6) is a vertical upward hole. The filling retaining wall is built and the two steps mining ore body is cemented and filled. The one step mining ore body is designed with peripheral holes according to the boundary of the ore body, and the two steps mining ore body is designed with peripheral holes according to the vertical of the ore body.

2. The method for controlling ore dilution in upward-layered backfilling mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer holes for the one-step sampling are arranged in a row, 0.5m away from the boundary of the one-step sampling approach.

3. The method for controlling ore dilution in upward layered backfilling mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer holes for the two-step sampling are arranged in a row, 0.5m away from the boundary of the two-step sampling path.

4. A method for controlling dilution of ore in upward layered backfilling mining according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The peripheral eye hole is 0.2m away from the buffer hole (6).

Images