A humidified gas turbine cycle test system

Abstract

The application discloses a humidification gas turbine cycle test system, which at least comprises a gas turbine unit, an air humidification unit and a flue gas cooling heat recovery unit. The gas turbine unit comprises a compressor, a combustion chamber and a gas turbine. The air inlet pipeline of the compressor is communicated with the ambient air, the air outlet is communicated with the air inlet of the combustion chamber and the air humidification unit, the air outlet of the combustion chamber is communicated with the air inlet of the gas turbine, and the air outlet of the gas turbine is communicated with the air inlet of the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit. The high-pressure air generated by the compressor is introduced into the combustion chamber and the air humidification unit through the air outlet thereof. The humid air generated by the air humidification unit is mixed with the high-temperature flue gas generated by the fuel combusted in the combustion chamber, and the high-temperature flue gas is introduced into the gas turbine through the air outlet of the combustion chamber. The high-temperature flue gas is cooled after being expanded and working in the gas turbine and is introduced into the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit. The humidification gas turbine cycle test system can be used for carrying out various test researches such as compressor air inlet cooling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of novel thermodynamic cycles for gas turbines, and relates to a gas turbine cycle test system, specifically, a test system for a novel humidified gas turbine cycle. Background Technology

[0002] The humidified gas turbine cycle, represented by the Humid Air Turbine (HAT) cycle, is a gas turbine cycle system that combines air humidification technology and turbine mechanical energy conversion technology. Its main feature is that water vapor is added to the compressed air at the compressor outlet of the gas turbine to humidify the dry air, and the humid air is further heated before entering the combustion chamber, thereby increasing the air temperature in the combustion chamber, reducing fuel consumption, improving energy conversion efficiency, and having the potential for high efficiency, flexibility, and low pollutant emissions.

[0003] In a humidified gas turbine cycle, compressed air is humidified before entering the combustion chamber for combustion, where it is converted into electricity by the gas turbine. The exhaust gas from the gas turbine is a high-temperature flue gas, which exchanges heat with air and circulating water through a flue gas cooling heat recovery system. This can also produce hot water for domestic hot water or heating, thus achieving cascaded energy utilization. The characteristic of a humidified gas turbine is that it not only recovers high-grade heat from the flue gas through a regenerator but also recovers low-grade heat from the system through water circulation. Without increasing compressor power consumption, air humidification increases the turbine's work flow, thereby increasing specific power and improving the efficiency and power of the entire gas turbine cycle. Compared with other power cycles, the humidified gas turbine cycle has a simpler structure, lower cost, and a lower peak combustion temperature, effectively reducing NOx emissions. It is more efficient and environmentally friendly, and offers advantages such as greater flexibility (the system can be flexibly adjusted according to load requirements to meet different operating needs) and stronger adaptability (the humidified gas turbine cycle is suitable for various types of fuels).

[0004] Research on wet air turbine circulation technology began in the 1980s, with scholars both domestically and internationally focusing on system structure, cycle performance, and optimization of thermodynamic parameters. Studies have been conducted from various perspectives, including analysis, and test platforms with varying installed capacities have been established. However, most of these studies focus on small and medium-sized gas turbines, with research on humidified gas turbine cycle test systems exceeding 10MW almost entirely absent. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct tests on high-power humidified gas turbine cycle systems, as well as research on key units such as air humidifiers and water circulation and recovery systems. Furthermore, with increasingly stringent environmental requirements, the NOx emission standards for gas turbines are also rising. How to efficiently and cost-effectively reduce NOx emissions from gas turbines is also a crucial requirement for the development of humidified gas turbine cycle systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (I) Purpose of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned deficiencies and shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a test system for studying the component and system characteristics of humidified gas turbine cycles. This system can be used to conduct various experiments and studies, including tests on novel compressor intake cooling technology, wet compression, wet air combustion, compressed air cooling, novel compressed air heating and humidification, novel regenerators, novel exhaust water recovery, gas turbine thermoelectric ratio regulation characteristics, gas turbine regenerative cycle systems, gas turbine water injection regenerative cycle systems, gas turbine steam injection regenerative cycle systems, and humid air turbine cycle systems.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution

[0008] To achieve the objective of this invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] A humidified gas turbine cycle test system includes at least a gas turbine unit, an air humidification unit, and a flue gas cooling heat recovery unit. The gas turbine unit includes at least a compressor, a combustion chamber, and a gas turbine. The air humidification unit includes at least an air humidifier. The flue gas cooling heat recovery unit includes at least a regenerator and an economizer. The exhaust port of the combustion chamber is connected to the inlet of the gas turbine. The system is characterized in that...

[0010] The compressor's air intake line is connected to ambient air, and at least one air intake treatment device and / or one air intake spray device are provided. The air intake treatment device is used to filter, cool, and / or heat the intake air, and the air intake spray device is used to spray and humidify the intake air.

[0011] The compressor has multiple exhaust lines at its exhaust port. At least one exhaust line is directly connected to the air inlet of the combustion chamber, one exhaust line is connected to the air inlet of the combustion chamber after passing through the cold side of the regenerator, one exhaust line is connected to the air inlet of the combustion chamber after passing through at least the cold side of the air humidifier and the regenerator, one exhaust line is directly connected to the atmosphere to form a venting line for adjusting the flow matching of the gas turbine, and one exhaust line is connected to the air inlet of the air intake treatment device.

[0012] The combustion chamber has multiple feed lines, at least one of which is directly connected to the combustion chamber. At least one fuel humidification device is installed on each feed line. The fuel humidification device is connected to the hot water line of the air humidification unit. The fuel is humidified in the fuel humidification device by the hot water generated by the air humidification unit and then introduced into the combustion chamber.

[0013] The exhaust port of the combustion chamber is connected to the air inlet of the gas turbine. The exhaust port of the gas turbine passes through the flue gas pipeline in sequence through the hot side of the regenerator and the hot side of the economizer in the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit. Since no bypass chimney is set, it is directly connected to the atmosphere. This allows the high-temperature flue gas to expand and do work in the gas turbine, and then be cooled down before being introduced into the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit for further cooling. In addition, the regenerator in the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit is constructed as a regenerator component that can withstand high temperatures. The regenerator does not have a bypass flow path, so that when no compressed air passes through its cold side and high-temperature flue gas is introduced into its hot side, the regenerator component can withstand the high temperature of the flue gas without structural damage.

[0014] At least one external hot water supply device is provided downstream of the air humidification unit. The external hot water supply device includes at least one circulating water pipeline connected to the outside. The hot side of the external hot water supply device is connected to the circulating water pipeline of the air humidification unit. The hot water in the circulating water pipeline of the air humidification unit is cooled by the circulating water connected to the outside in the external hot water supply device and then flows back to the air humidification unit. The circulating water connected to the outside is heated and then supplied to the outside.

[0015] At least one water recovery device is provided downstream of the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit. The cold side of the water recovery device is connected to the circulating water pipeline of the air humidification unit, and the hot side is connected to the flue gas pipeline of the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit. The low-temperature flue gas discharged from the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit is cooled and dehumidified by the low-temperature circulating water of the air humidification unit in the water recovery device before being discharged into the atmosphere. The cold water in the water recovery device is introduced into the air humidification unit.

[0016] The working principle of the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention is as follows: Ambient air passes through an intake treatment device and is treated by filtration before entering the compressor. If over-spraying occurs in the intake spray device, the compression process of the air entering the compressor is a wet compression process. During the compression process, the air is simultaneously cooled by water mist evaporation, reducing the power consumption of the compressor and lowering the compressor outlet temperature. After being pressurized by the compressor, the air temperature and pressure increase. The air discharged from the compressor enters the air humidification unit, where it is heated and humidified. The humidified air enters the combustion chamber after passing through a reheater (in reheater operation mode). In the combustion chamber, fuel reacts with (humid) air to generate high-temperature combustion gas. The high-temperature combustion gas enters the turbine, expands, and does work. After depressurization, it is discharged from the turbine. The high-temperature flue gas discharged from the turbine enters the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit. In the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit, the flue gas first exchanges heat with compressed air to cool down, and then exchanges heat with low-temperature water in the air humidifier to further reduce the temperature. The low-temperature water is heated into high-temperature hot water, at least a portion of which is used to heat and humidify compressed air or fuel, or to provide external heat.

[0017] The purpose of setting up an external hot water supply device in the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention is mainly twofold: first, to simulate combined heat and power test; and second, when the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention is conducting simple cycle and regenerative cycle tests, the heat of the high-temperature flue gas from the gas turbine can be carried away by the external hot water supply device through external water circulation.

[0018] In the wet gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, the regenerator in the flue gas cooling and regenerating unit is constructed as a regenerator component capable of withstanding high temperatures, and the regenerator is not provided with a bypass flow path, so that when no compressed air passes through its cold side (i.e. zero flow on the compressed air side) and high-temperature flue gas is introduced into its hot side, the regenerator component can withstand the high temperature of the flue gas without structural damage.

[0019] Preferably, the gas turbine includes a high-pressure turbine and a power turbine. The air inlet of the high-pressure turbine is connected to the exhaust port of the combustion chamber. The exhaust pipeline of the high-pressure turbine is divided into at least two paths. One exhaust pipeline is directly connected to the atmosphere to form a venting pipeline for adjusting the flow matching of the gas turbine. The other exhaust pipeline is connected to the air inlet of the power turbine. The exhaust port of the power turbine is connected to the atmosphere through the flue gas pipeline, passing sequentially through the hot side of the regenerator and the hot side of the economizer.

[0020] Preferably, the water recovery device is installed on the hot-side exhaust pipe of the economizer.

[0021] Furthermore, the bottom of the air humidifier is provided with at least one air inlet, one circulating water drain outlet, and one water inlet, and a water storage section is formed as a water circulation buffer. The top is provided with at least one exhaust outlet and one circulating water inlet. The air inlet of the air humidifier is connected to the exhaust pipeline of the compressor. The exhaust outlet is connected to the air inlet of the combustion chamber through the compressed air pipeline at least through the cold side of the regenerator. The water inlet is connected to an external water supply pipeline. The circulating water drain outlet is connected to the circulating water inlet through the circulating water pipeline at least through the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit. Compressed air enters the air humidifier from the bottom air inlet, and high-temperature hot water enters the air humidifier from the top circulating water inlet. The compressed air and high-temperature hot water are in direct contact in the air humidifier. After being heated and humidified, the compressed air is discharged from the exhaust outlet at the top of the air humidifier and then enters the air inlet of the regenerator. After releasing heat, the high-temperature hot water is discharged from the circulating water drain outlet at the bottom of the air humidifier. In the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, the air humidifier, in addition to serving as an air heating and humidification device, can also act as a buffer for the water circulation pipeline due to the water storage section at its bottom.

[0022] Furthermore, the air humidification unit also includes an aftercooler. One end of the cold side of the aftercooler is connected to the circulating water drain at the bottom of the air humidifier, and the other end is connected to the circulating water inlet at the top of the air humidifier. The exhaust line of the compressor passes through the hot side of the aftercooler and is connected to the air inlet of the air humidifier. Compressed air from the compressor is introduced into the hot side of the aftercooler, and circulating water from the air humidifier is introduced into the cold side.

[0023] Furthermore, the air humidification unit also includes a water injection humidification device, which has an air inlet, an exhaust outlet, a water injection outlet, and a drain outlet. The air inlet of the water injection humidification device is connected to the exhaust pipeline of the compressor, the exhaust outlet is connected to the air inlet on the cold side of the regenerator, and the water injection outlet is connected to an external water supply pipeline. Compressed air enters the water injection humidification device from the air inlet, and low-temperature cold water is sprayed into the water injection humidification device from the water injection outlet. The compressed air and low-temperature cold water are mixed in the water injection humidification device. After being humidified, the compressed air is discharged from the exhaust outlet of the water injection humidification device and enters the air inlet on the cold side of the regenerator.

[0024] Furthermore, the air humidification unit also includes a steam injection humidification device. The steam injection humidification device is provided with an air inlet, an exhaust outlet, a steam inlet, and a drain outlet. The air inlet of the steam injection humidification device is divided into two paths, one of which is connected to the exhaust outlet of the water injection humidification device, and the other is connected to the exhaust outlet of the air humidifier. The exhaust outlet of the steam injection humidification device is connected to the air inlet on the cold side of the regenerator, and the steam inlet is connected to at least an external steam supply pipeline. Compressed air enters the steam injection humidification device from the air inlet, and high-temperature and high-pressure steam is injected into the steam injection humidification device from the steam inlet. The compressed air and the high-temperature and high-pressure steam are mixed in the steam injection humidification device. After being humidified, the compressed air is discharged from the exhaust outlet of the steam injection humidification device and enters the air inlet on the cold side of the regenerator.

[0025] Furthermore, the air humidification unit also includes a first water pump, and an external water supply pipeline is connected to the external steam supply pipeline connected to the steam injection humidification device. The first water pump is installed on the external water supply pipeline connected to the external steam supply pipeline. The water in the external water supply pipeline is pressurized by the first water pump and then sent to the external steam supply pipeline to reduce the temperature of the externally supplied steam.

[0026] Furthermore, the air humidification unit also includes a second water pump, which is installed on an external water supply pipe connected to the water inlet at the bottom of the air humidifier. The water in the external water supply pipe is pressurized by the second water pump and then sent to the air humidifier to replenish the water volume of the air humidifier.

[0027] Furthermore, the air humidification unit also includes a third water pump. The circulating water drain outlet at the bottom of the air humidifier is divided into two paths: one path flows through the circulating water pipeline to the cold side of the aftercooler, and the other path flows through the circulating water pipeline to the cold side of the economizer before converging at the circulating water inlet at the top of the air humidifier. The third water pump is installed on the circulating water drain pipeline at the bottom of the air humidifier. The circulating water discharged from the bottom of the air humidifier is pressurized by the third water pump and then diverted to the cold side of the aftercooler and the economizer to be heated. After the temperature is increased, it flows back to the circulating water inlet at the top of the air humidifier, forming a cycle.

[0028] Furthermore, the air humidification unit also includes a fourth water pump, which is connected in parallel with the third water pump.

[0029] Furthermore, the demineralized water unit also includes a spray water pretreatment device, and the water supply pipe passes through the spray water pretreatment device and then into the air intake spray or water injection humidification device.

[0030] Preferably, in the gas turbine unit, the gas turbine is directly or indirectly connected to the compressor via a transmission component.

[0031] Furthermore, the gas turbine unit also includes a generator, and the gas turbine is directly or indirectly connected to the generator via a transmission component.

[0032] It should be noted that in the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, the compressor is equipped with multiple exhaust pipelines. The arrangement of multiple exhaust pipelines allows the high-pressure compressed air at the compressor outlet to enter the combustion chamber directly without reheating and humidification, or to enter the combustion chamber only after reheating without humidification, or to enter the combustion chamber after partial or complete humidification and reheating, so as to realize the comparison of different cycle modes and the testing of different start-up and shutdown modes of the humidified gas turbine cycle.

[0033] Furthermore, in the wet gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, the regenerator used in the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit is designed as a regenerator component that can withstand high temperatures. Even when there is no relatively low-temperature compressed air passing through its cold side and only high-temperature flue gas discharged from the gas turbine is introduced through its hot side, the regenerator component can still withstand the high temperature of the flue gas without structural damage.

[0034] Furthermore, it should be noted that the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention provides multiple methods for humidifying the high-pressure compressed air at the compressor outlet. For example, an air humidifier can be used to humidify the compressed air, a water injection humidifier can be used to humidify the compressed air by injecting water, or a steam injection humidifier can be used to humidify the compressed air by injecting steam. In actual testing, one of these methods can be used to humidify the compressed air independently, or multiple methods can be used to humidify the compressed air in combination, according to the test requirements, so as to carry out humidification tests for different purposes.

[0035] Preferably, when conducting a test of the novel compressor intake cooling technology using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, the external makeup water after desalination is introduced into the spray water pretreatment device, filtered and pressurized, and then introduced into the intake spray device. By fully mixing with the intake air, the intake air is humidified, and by adjusting the flow rate of the external makeup water introduced into the spray water pretreatment device, the intake air is cooled. When the amount of external makeup water exceeds the amount of water required for intake air evaporation, the excess water enters the compressor with the intake air and is wet-compressed in the compressor.

[0036] Furthermore, in this experiment, to facilitate the adjustment of the intake air temperature and relative humidity, a portion of high-pressure compressed air is extracted from the exhaust of the compressor and introduced into the intake treatment device to mix with the air drawn in from the atmospheric environment, thereby achieving the adjustment of the intake air temperature and relative humidity.

[0037] Furthermore, when conducting a wet air combustion test using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, all or part of the high-temperature compressed air discharged from the compressor is introduced into the water injection humidification device. In the water injection humidification device, external water is heated and evaporated after contact with the high-temperature compressed air. The humidified compressed air is then introduced into a steam injection humidification device located downstream of the water injection humidification device, and further mixed with externally supplied steam. By adjusting the amount of external steam injected, the water vapor content in the compressed air is adjusted. Through the above process, the water vapor content of the air introduced into the combustion chamber can be changed, providing conditions for conducting a wet air combustion test.

[0038] Preferably, when a compressed air cooling test is conducted using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, all or part of the high-temperature compressed air discharged from the compressor is introduced into the hot side of the aftercooler and exchanges heat with the circulating water introduced into its cold side in the aftercooler. The cooled compressed air is introduced into the downstream process component, and the heated circulating water is introduced into the hot side of the external hot water supply device and cooled by the external cooling water introduced into its cold side. After being pressurized by the pumping device, the water is introduced into the bottom of the air humidifier and then flows back to the cold side of the aftercooler. Based on the above process, the heat exchange performance of the aftercooler under different conditions is tested by adjusting the flow rate and temperature of the compressed air introduced into the hot side and the circulating water introduced into the cold side of the aftercooler.

[0039] Preferably, when conducting a novel heating and humidification test of compressed air using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, all or part of the high-temperature compressed air discharged from the compressor is introduced into the hot side of the aftercooler, and exchanges heat with the circulating water introduced into its cold side in the aftercooler. The cooled compressed air is then introduced into the downstream air humidifier, where it is heated and humidified by contact with hot water. The circulating water at the bottom of the air heating and humidifier is pressurized by a pumping device, and part of it is introduced into the cold side of the aftercooler to absorb heat and raise its temperature, while part of it is introduced into the cold side of the economizer to absorb heat and raise its temperature. After the hot water is collected, it is divided into two streams. One stream flows into the air humidifier, and the other flows into the hot side of the external hot water supply device. By adjusting the pumping rate of the pumping device and the water flow rate into the external hot water supply device, the temperature and flow rate of the hot water entering the air humidifier can be regulated. Similarly, by adjusting the flow rate of compressed air entering the hot side of the aftercooler, the flow rate of compressed air entering the air humidifier can be regulated. In this way, the flow rate and temperature of compressed air and circulating water in the air humidifier can be controlled to test the performance of the air humidifier under different conditions.

[0040] Preferably, when conducting a novel regenerator test using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, the compressed air discharged from the compressor is introduced into the aftercooler, air humidifier, water injection humidifier, and / or steam injection humidifier to adjust its water vapor content and temperature, and then all or part of it is introduced into the regenerator to change the flow rate of the compressed air entering the regenerator. The combustion chamber changes its fuel flow rate, thereby changing the temperature of the flue gas introduced into the regenerator. In this way, the flow rate, temperature, and composition of the compressed air and flue gas in the regenerator are adjusted to test the performance of the regenerator under different conditions.

[0041] Preferably, when conducting a novel exhaust water recovery test using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, a portion of high-pressure compressed air is extracted from the exhaust gas of the compressor and introduced into the water recovery device. By adjusting the air humidity and the load of the gas turbine itself, the temperature and composition of the flue gas entering the water recovery device 17 can be changed as needed, thus providing conditions for conducting the exhaust water recovery test.

[0042] Preferably, when conducting a gas turbine heat-to-power ratio regulation characteristic test using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, the circulating water discharged from the bottom of the air humidifier is pressurized by a pumping device, and part of it is fed into the cold side of the aftercooler and part of it is fed into the cold side of the economizer to absorb heat and increase temperature. After the two parts of hot water are combined, they are divided into two streams, which pass through the air humidifier and the external hot water supply device, respectively. By adjusting the pumping rate of the pumping device and the water flow rate into the external hot water supply device, the regulation of the external heat supply can be simulated.

[0043] Furthermore, by sending all the hot water from the outlets of the aftercooler and economizer to the external hot water supply device, and simultaneously adjusting the flow rate of compressed air that is directly introduced into the combustion chamber without passing through the regenerator, the flow rate of compressed air introduced into the regenerator is changed, thereby achieving a wide range of heat-to-power ratio adjustment tests.

[0044] Furthermore, by introducing all the compressed air discharged from the compressor into the combustion chamber, and using all the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the power turbine for external heating, a wide-range thermoelectric ratio adjustment test can be achieved under extreme conditions.

[0045] Preferably, when conducting a gas turbine regenerative cycle system test using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, under the condition that the water injection humidification device does not inject water and the steam injection humidification device does not inject steam but only serves as an air passage component, the compressed air discharged from the compressor is sequentially passed through the water injection humidification device and the steam injection humidification device 15 and then introduced into the regenerator. The compressed air is heated by the high-temperature flue gas in the regenerator and then introduced into the combustion chamber. In this way, the regenerative cycle operation test of the gas turbine is realized.

[0046] Preferably, when conducting a gas turbine water injection regenerative cycle test using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, under the condition that the water injection humidification device injects water and the steam injection humidification device does not inject steam but only serves as an air passage component, the compressed air discharged from the compressor is sequentially passed through the water injection humidification device and the steam injection humidification device 15 and then introduced into the regenerator. The compressed air is heated by high-temperature flue gas in the regenerator and then introduced into the combustion chamber. In this way, the water injection regenerative cycle operation test of the gas turbine is realized.

[0047] Preferably, when conducting a gas turbine steam injection regenerative cycle test using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, under the condition that the water injection humidification device does not inject water but only serves as an air passage component, and the steam injection humidification device injects steam, the compressed air discharged from the compressor is sequentially passed through the water injection humidification device and the steam injection humidification device 15 before being introduced into the regenerator. The compressed air is heated by the high-temperature flue gas in the regenerator and then introduced into the combustion chamber. In this way, the steam injection regenerative cycle operation test of the gas turbine is realized.

[0048] Preferably, when conducting a wet air turbine cycle test using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, the compressed air discharged from the compressor is introduced into the aftercooler to exchange heat with the circulating water on its cold side. The cooled compressed air is then introduced into the air humidifier to directly contact the hot water injected from the top for heat and mass transfer. The heated and humidified compressed air is then sent to the regenerator to be further heated by the high-temperature flue gas on its hot side before being introduced into the combustion chamber. The water discharged from the bottom of the air humidifier is pressurized by a pumping device and then transported to the cold side of the aftercooler and the cold side of the economizer to absorb heat and increase temperature. After all of the water is introduced into the air humidifier, it is used to heat and humidify the compressed air. In this way, the wet air turbine cycle operation test of the gas turbine is realized.

[0049] Preferably, when a simple cycle test of a gas turbine is carried out using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, all the compressed air discharged from the compressor is directly introduced into the combustion chamber to react with the fuel therein and heat up to generate high-temperature flue gas, which is then introduced into the gas turbine to expand and do work.

[0050] (III) Technical Effects

[0051] Compared with the prior art, the adoption of the wet gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention brings the following beneficial and significant technical effects:

[0052] 1. Capable of conducting tests on new compressor intake cooling technologies;

[0053] 2. Capable of conducting wet compression tests;

[0054] 3. Capable of conducting wet air combustion tests;

[0055] 4. Capable of conducting compressed air cooling tests;

[0056] 5. Capable of conducting novel heating and humidification tests on compressed air;

[0057] 6. Capable of conducting tests on novel regenerators;

[0058] 7. Capable of conducting novel exhaust water recovery tests;

[0059] 8. Capable of conducting tests on the thermoelectric ratio adjustment characteristics of gas turbines;

[0060] 9. Capable of conducting tests on gas turbine regenerative cycle systems;

[0061] 10. Capable of conducting tests on gas turbine water injection regenerative cycle systems;

[0062] 11. Capable of conducting tests on gas turbine steam injection regenerative cycle systems;

[0063] 12. Capable of conducting tests on humid air turbine circulation systems, etc.;

[0064] 13. Capable of conducting comparative tests on various cycles, including simple cycle, regenerative cycle, and humidified gas turbine cycle;

[0065] 14. It can adapt to the flow path matching of different gas turbines. Attached Figure Description

[0066] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the wetted gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit in this invention;

[0068] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the water replenishment structure of the main components of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of airflow in the main components of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circulating water flow in this invention;

[0071] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0072] 1. Intake air treatment device; 2. Intake air spray device; 3. Compressor; 4. Combustion chamber; 5. High-pressure turbine; 6. Power turbine; 7. Generator; 8. Aftercooler; 9. Air humidifier; 10. Regenerator; 11. Economizer; 12. Spray water pretreatment; 13. Fuel humidification device; 14. Water injection humidification device; 15. Steam injection humidification device; 16. External hot water supply device; 17. Water recovery device; 18. First water pump; 19. Second water pump; 20. Third water pump; 21. Fourth water pump. Detailed Implementation

[0073] To better understand the present invention, the following embodiments further illustrate its content. Throughout the accompanying drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The structure and technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, providing one embodiment of the present invention.

[0074] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention includes at least a demineralized water unit, a gas turbine unit, and an air humidification unit and a flue gas cooling heat recovery unit located downstream of the gas turbine unit. The gas turbine unit includes at least a compressor 3, a combustion chamber 4, a high-pressure turbine 5, and a power turbine 6. The air humidification unit includes at least an air humidifier 9, a water injection humidification device 14, and a steam injection humidification device 15. The flue gas cooling heat recovery unit includes at least a regenerator 10 and an economizer 11. No bypass chimney is provided in the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit. The regenerator 10 used in the present invention is designed to withstand high temperatures. Even when there is no relatively low-temperature compressed air passing through its cold side (i.e., only high-temperature flue gas discharged from the gas turbine is introduced through its hot side), the regenerator component can still withstand the high temperature of the flue gas without structural damage.

[0075] The air intake line of the compressor 3 is connected to the ambient air, and at least one air intake treatment device 1 and / or air intake spray device 2 are installed on the air intake line. The air intake treatment device 1 is used to filter, cool and / or extract and heat the air, and the air intake spray device 2 is used to spray and humidify the air. The ambient air is introduced into the air intake of the compressor 3 after being treated by the air intake treatment device 1 and / or air intake spray device 2 by filtration, cooling, extraction and heating and / or spray humidification.

[0076] The compressor 3 has multiple exhaust lines at its exhaust port. At least one exhaust line is directly connected to the intake port of the combustion chamber 4. Another exhaust line connects to the intake port of the combustion chamber 4 after passing through the cold side of the regenerator 10. A third exhaust line connects to the intake port of the combustion chamber 4 after passing through at least the air humidifier 9 and the cold side of the regenerator 10 in the air humidification unit. A fourth exhaust line connects directly to the atmosphere, forming a vent line for adjusting the flow matching of the gas turbine. Finally, a fifth exhaust line connects to the intake port of the intake treatment device 1. When the high-pressure air generated by the compressor 3 enters the air humidification unit through its exhaust port, the humid air generated by the air humidification unit mixes and burns with the fuel in the combustion chamber 4. The resulting high-temperature flue gas is then introduced into the high-pressure turbine 5 through the exhaust port of the combustion chamber 4. After expanding and doing work in the high-pressure turbine 5, the high-temperature flue gas enters the power turbine 6 to drive the generator 7 to generate electricity.

[0077] The combustion chamber 4 has multiple feed lines, at least one of which is directly connected to the combustion chamber 4. Each feed line is equipped with at least one fuel humidification device 13, in which the fuel is humidified by hot water circulating water F generated by the air humidification unit. The exhaust port of the combustion chamber 4 is connected to the air inlet of the high-pressure turbine 5. The exhaust port of the high-pressure turbine 5 is divided into at least two paths. One path is directly connected to the atmosphere to form a venting pipeline for adjusting the flow matching of the gas turbine. The other path is connected to the air inlet of the power turbine 6. The exhaust port of the power turbine 6 is connected to the air inlet of the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit. The flue gas passes through the hot side of the regenerator 10 and the hot side of the economizer 11 in the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit in sequence before being connected to the atmosphere. Since there is no bypass chimney in the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit, the flue gas is directly discharged into the atmosphere after passing through the cooling heat recovery unit.

[0078] At least one external hot water supply device 16 is installed downstream of the air humidification unit. The external hot water supply device 16 includes at least one circulating water pipeline connected to the outside. The hot side of the external hot water supply device 16 is connected to the hot water circulating water E of the air humidification unit. The hot water circulating water E in the air humidification unit is cooled by the circulating water and then fed into the air humidifier 9. The circulating water connected to the outside is heated and supplied to the outside. The purpose of setting up the external hot water supply device 16 in the humidification gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention is mainly for two reasons: first, to simulate the combined heat and power test; and second, when the humidification gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention is conducting simple cycle and regenerative cycle tests, the heat of the high-temperature flue gas from the gas turbine can be removed by the external hot water supply device through the external water circulation.

[0079] Downstream of the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit, that is, at least on the downstream pipeline of the economizer 11, a water recovery device 17 is installed. The cold side of the water recovery device 17 is connected to the circulating water pipeline G of the air humidification unit, and the hot side is connected to the flue gas pipeline of the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit. The low-temperature flue gas discharged from the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit is cooled and dehumidified by the low-temperature circulating water G of the air humidification unit in the water recovery device 17 before being discharged into the atmosphere. The cold water in the water recovery device 17 is introduced into the air humidification unit.

[0080] More specifically, such as Figures 1-5 As shown, the air humidification unit includes at least one air humidifier 9. The bottom of the air humidifier 9 has an air inlet, a drain outlet, and a water inlet, and it also forms a water storage section as a buffer for water circulation. The top has an exhaust outlet and a water inlet. Compressed air enters the air humidifier 9 through the bottom air inlet, and high-temperature hot water enters the air humidifier 9 through the top water inlet. The compressed air and high-temperature hot water are in direct contact within the air humidifier 9. After being heated and humidified, the compressed air is discharged from the exhaust outlet at the top of the air humidifier 9 and then flows into the air inlet of the regenerator 10. The high-temperature hot water releases heat and is discharged from the drain outlet at the bottom of the air humidifier 9. In the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, the air humidifier, in addition to serving as an air heating and humidification device, can also act as a buffer for the water circulation pipeline due to the water storage section at its bottom.

[0081] The air humidification unit may also include an aftercooler 8, one end of the cold side of the aftercooler 8 is connected to the drain port at the bottom of the air humidifier 9, and the other end is connected to the water inlet at the top of the air humidifier 9. Compressed air from the compressor 3 is introduced into the hot side of the aftercooler 8.

[0082] The air humidification unit may also include a water injection humidification device 14. The water injection humidification device 14 is provided with an air inlet, an exhaust outlet, a water inlet, and a drain outlet. Compressed air enters the water injection humidification device 14 from the air inlet, and water C is sprayed into the water injection humidification device 14 from the water inlet. The compressed air and low-temperature cold water are mixed in the water injection humidification device 14. After being humidified, the compressed air is discharged from the exhaust outlet of the water injection humidification device 14 and then enters the air inlet of the regenerator 10.

[0083] The air humidification unit may also include a steam injection humidification device 15. The steam injection humidification device 15 is provided with an air inlet, an exhaust outlet, a steam inlet, and a drain outlet. Compressed air enters the steam injection humidification device 15 from the air inlet, and high-temperature and high-pressure steam is injected into the steam injection humidification device 15 from the steam inlet. The compressed air and the high-temperature and high-pressure steam are mixed in the steam injection humidification device 15. After being humidified, the compressed air is discharged from the exhaust outlet of the steam injection humidification device 15 and then enters the air inlet of the regenerator 10.

[0084] The air humidification unit may also include a first water pump 18, which is installed on the pipeline between the water supply A and the steam humidification device 15. After the water supply A is pressurized by the first water pump 18, it is sent to the pipeline of the steam humidification device 15 to reduce the temperature of the externally supplied steam.

[0085] The air humidification unit may also include a second water pump 19, which is installed on the pipeline between the water supply D and the bottom of the air humidifier 9. After the water supply D is pressurized by the second water pump 19, it is sent to the air humidifier 9 to replenish the water volume of the air humidifier 9.

[0086] The air humidification unit may also include a third water pump 20, which is installed on the pipeline between the bottom of the air humidifier 9 and the aftercooler 8 and economizer 11. Water discharged from the bottom of the air humidifier 9 is pressurized by the third water pump 20, with part of it being sent to the cold side of the aftercooler 8 for heating, and the other part being sent to the cold side of the economizer 11 for heating. After the temperature is increased, it returns to the top of the air humidifier 9, forming a cycle. The air humidification unit also includes a fourth water pump 21, which is connected in parallel with the third water pump 20.

[0087] In addition, such as Figure 1 As shown, the demineralized water unit also includes a spray water pretreatment device 12. After passing through the spray water pretreatment device 12, water supply B and water supply C are respectively introduced into the air intake spray device 2 and the water injection humidification device 14.

[0088] like Figures 1-5 As shown, in the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, ambient air is treated by the intake air treatment device 1 and then humidified by the intake air spray device 2. It then enters the gas turbine compressor 3 and is compressed, increasing its temperature and pressure. The compressed air is either humidified by the water injection humidification device 14, the steam injection humidification device 15, or directly contacts hot water in the air humidifier 9. After being heated and humidified, the compressed air is discharged from the top of the air humidifier 9. If the air is heated and humidified by the air humidifier 9, the hot water transfers heat to the air, lowering its temperature, and it is discharged from the bottom of the air humidifier 9. The circulating water A discharged from the bottom of the air humidifier 9 is pressurized by the third water pump 20 or the fourth water pump 21 and divided into two parts. One part, circulating water B, is sent to the aftercooler 8 for heating, and the other part, circulating water C, is sent to the economizer 11 for heating. After the temperature is increased, they merge into circulating water D and return to the top of the air humidifier 9, forming a cycle. Water D replenishes the water evaporated into the air in the air humidifier 9, maintaining water balance.

[0089] The wet compressed air enters the regenerator 10 to exchange heat with the flue gas. The further heated wet compressed air enters the combustion chamber 4 of the gas turbine. The high-temperature gas at the outlet of the combustion chamber 4 enters the high-pressure turbine 5. The gas expands and drives the high-pressure turbine 5 to rotate, doing work and driving the compressor 3. The flue gas enters the power turbine 6 and continues to expand, doing work and driving the generator 7 to generate electricity. The exhaust gas from the power turbine 6 first enters the regenerator 10 to exchange heat with the wet compressed air, reducing its temperature. Then it enters the economizer 11 to exchange heat with the circulating water C, further reducing its temperature. Finally, the circulating water G condensed in the flue gas is passed through the water recovery device 17 into the air humidifier 9, and the cooled and dehumidified flue gas is discharged.

[0090] It should be noted that in the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, the compressor is equipped with multiple exhaust pipelines. The arrangement of multiple exhaust pipelines allows the high-pressure compressed air at the compressor outlet to enter the combustion chamber directly without reheating and humidification, or to enter the combustion chamber only after reheating without humidification, or to enter the combustion chamber after partial or complete humidification and reheating, so as to realize the comparison of different cycle modes and the testing of different start-up and shutdown modes of the humidified gas turbine cycle.

[0091] Furthermore, it should be noted that the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention provides multiple methods for humidifying the high-pressure compressed air at the compressor outlet. For example, an air humidifier can be used to humidify the compressed air, a water injection humidifier can be used to humidify the compressed air by injecting water, or a steam injection humidifier can be used to humidify the compressed air by injecting steam. In actual testing, one of these methods can be used to humidify the compressed air independently, or multiple methods can be used to humidify the compressed air in combination, according to the test requirements, so as to carry out humidification tests for different purposes.

[0092] Based on the above-mentioned system arrangement and structural features, the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention can conduct various tests in different modes during actual use. For example, it can conduct tests on new compressor intake cooling technology, wet compression, wet air combustion, compressed air cooling, new compressed air heating and humidification, new regenerator, new exhaust water recovery, gas turbine thermoelectric ratio adjustment characteristics, gas turbine regenerative cycle system, gas turbine water injection regenerative cycle system, gas turbine steam injection regenerative cycle system, wet air turbine cycle system, and comparative tests of various cycles such as simple cycle, regenerative cycle, and humidified gas turbine cycle. Furthermore, the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention can adapt to the flow matching of different gas turbines.

[0093] Specifically, when conducting a test of the novel compressor intake cooling technology using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of this invention, the demineralized water, after being filtered and pressurized by the spray water pretreatment device 12, enters the intake spray device 2 installed on the intake pipeline of the compressor 3. The demineralized water is atomized by the intake spray device 2 and mixed with the intake air to humidify it. Cooling of the intake air is achieved by adjusting the flow rate of the demineralized water. When the amount of demineralized water exceeds the amount of water required for intake air evaporation, the excess water enters the gas turbine compressor 3 with the intake air and is wet-compressed in the compressor. In this test, to facilitate the adjustment of the intake air temperature and relative humidity, a portion of air is drawn from the outlet of the gas turbine compressor 3 and returned to the intake treatment device 1, where it is mixed with air drawn in from the environment to regulate the temperature and relative humidity of the ambient air.

[0094] When conducting a wet air combustion test using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, part or all of the air from the gas turbine compressor 3 outlet enters the water injection humidification device 14. In the water injection humidification device 14, the high-pressure demineralized water is atomized and comes into contact with the compressed air. It is evaporated by the heat carried by the compressed air, thereby increasing the air humidity. The air then further enters the steam injection humidification device 15, where it mixes with externally supplied steam. The water vapor content in the air is adjusted by regulating the amount of external steam. Through the above process, the water vapor content of the air entering the gas turbine combustion chamber can be changed, providing conditions for conducting a wet air combustion test.

[0095] When conducting compressed air cooling tests using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, all or part of the outlet air from the gas turbine compressor 3 enters the hot side of the aftercooler 8. In the aftercooler 8, the compressed air exchanges heat with the circulating water on the cold side of the aftercooler 8. After being cooled, the compressed air enters the subsequent process. The circulating water on the cold side of the aftercooler 8 is heated and sent to the external hot water supply device 16. In the external hot water supply device 16, it exchanges heat with external cooling water. After being cooled, it returns to the bottom of the air humidifier 9. From the bottom of the air humidifier, it is pressurized by the third water pump 20 or the fourth water pump 21 and then returns to the inlet of the aftercooler 8. In this way, the flow rate and temperature of the compressed air side (hot side) and water side (cold side) of the aftercooler 8 can be changed to test the performance of the heat exchanger under different conditions.

[0096] When conducting a novel heating and humidification test of compressed air using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of this invention, all or part of the outlet air from the gas turbine compressor 3 enters the hot side of the aftercooler 8. In the aftercooler 8, the compressed air exchanges heat with the circulating water on the cold side of the aftercooler 8. After being cooled, the compressed air enters the air humidifier 9, where it comes into contact with hot water and is heated and humidified. The water at the bottom of the air humidifier 9 is pressurized by the third water pump 20 or the fourth water pump 21. Part of the water is fed into the aftercooler 8 to absorb heat and increase its temperature, and another part is fed into the economizer 11 to absorb heat and increase its temperature. The two portions of hot water are then combined and divided into two streams: one enters the air humidifier 9, and the other enters the external hot water supply device 16. By adjusting the flow rate of the third water pump 20 or the fourth water pump 21 and the flow rate of the water entering the external hot water supply device 16, the temperature and flow rate of the hot water entering the air humidifier 9 can be adjusted. By adjusting the flow rate of the circulating water B entering the aftercooler 8, the temperature of the compressed air entering the air humidifier 9 can be adjusted. By adjusting the airflow rate of the aftercooler 8, the flow rate of compressed air entering the air humidifier 9 can be regulated. In this way, the flow rate and temperature on both the compressed air and water sides of the air humidifier 9 can be changed to test the humidifier's performance under different conditions.

[0097] When conducting novel regenerator tests using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of this invention, the water vapor content and temperature of the outlet air from the gas turbine compressor 3 can be adjusted via the aftercooler 8 and air humidifier 9, or via the water injection humidification device 14 and steam injection humidification device 15. The outlet air from the gas turbine compressor 3 can partially or completely flow through the regenerator 10, thereby altering the flow rate entering the regenerator. The gas turbine can change the flue gas temperature entering the regenerator 10 by changing the fuel flow rate. Through these methods, the flow rate, temperature, and composition of the compressed air side and flue gas side of the regenerator 10 can be altered to test the regenerator's performance under different conditions.

[0098] When conducting a novel exhaust water recovery test using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, a portion of the flue gas is extracted from the gas turbine exhaust and enters the water recovery device 17. Since this test system can adjust different air humidity levels and the load on the gas turbine itself, the temperature and composition (mainly water vapor content) of the flue gas entering the water recovery device 17 can be changed as needed, providing conditions for conducting exhaust water recovery tests.

[0099] When conducting a gas turbine heat-to-power ratio regulation characteristic test using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, the water discharged from the bottom of the air humidifier 9 is pressurized by the third water pump 20 or the fourth water pump 21. Part of the water goes to the aftercooler 8 to absorb heat and increase its temperature, and part goes to the economizer 11 to absorb heat and increase its temperature. After the two parts of hot water are combined, they are divided into two streams: one enters the air humidifier 9, and the other enters the external hot water supply device 16. By adjusting the flow rate of the third water pump 20 or the fourth water pump 21 and the flow rate of the water entering the external hot water supply device 16, the regulation of the external heat supply can be simulated. In extreme cases, all the hot water from the outlet of the aftercooler 8 and the outlet of the economizer 11 can be sent to the external hot water supply device 16. Simultaneously, the air flow rate directly from the gas turbine compressor 3 outlet to the combustion chamber (i.e., the air flow rate without passing through the regenerator 10) can be adjusted, thereby changing the compressed air flow rate of the regenerator 10. In extreme cases, all the air from the gas turbine compressor 3 outlet can be directly sent to the combustion chamber, in which case all the heat from the flue gas discharged from the power turbine 6 can be used for external heating. Through the above methods, this experimental system can achieve a wide range of heat-to-power ratio adjustment tests.

[0100] When conducting a gas turbine regenerative cycle test using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, the air exiting the gas turbine compressor 3 enters the regenerator 10 after passing through the water humidification device 14 and the steam humidification device 15. However, the air is not injected with water or steam in the water humidification device 14 and the steam humidification device 15; they merely serve as air circulation pathways. The compressed air is heated by the flue gas in the regenerator 10 before entering the gas turbine combustion chamber 4. Through this method, the regenerative cycle operation test of the gas turbine can be achieved.

[0101] When conducting a gas turbine water injection regenerative cycle test using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, the air exiting the gas turbine compressor 3 passes through the water injection humidification device 14 and the steam injection humidification device 15 before entering the regenerator 10. In the water injection humidification device 14, the high-pressure demineralized water is atomized and comes into contact with the compressed air, evaporating due to the heat carried by the compressed air, thus increasing the air humidity. The steam injection humidification device 15 does not inject steam; it only serves as a passage for air circulation. After being heated by flue gas in the regenerator 10, the compressed air enters the gas turbine combustion chamber 4. Through this method, the water injection regenerative cycle operation test of the gas turbine can be achieved.

[0102] When conducting a gas turbine steam injection regenerative cycle test using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, the air exiting the gas turbine compressor 3 passes through the water injection humidification device 14 and the steam injection humidification device 15 before entering the regenerator 10. In the steam injection humidification device 15, the compressed air is mixed with externally supplied steam, and the water vapor content in the air is adjusted by regulating the amount of external steam. The water injection humidification device 14 does not inject water; it only serves as a passage for air circulation. After being heated by flue gas in the regenerator 10, the compressed air enters the gas turbine combustion chamber 4. Through this method, the steam injection regenerative cycle operation test of the gas turbine can be achieved.

[0103] When conducting a wet air turbine cycle test using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of this invention, the air exiting the gas turbine compressor 3 enters the aftercooler 8, where it exchanges heat with circulating water B. The air is cooled while the circulating water B heats up. The cooled air then enters the air humidifier 9, where it comes into direct contact with hot water injected from the top, undergoing heat and mass transfer. After being heated and humidified, the air is sent to the regenerator 10 for further heating by the flue gas, and then enters the combustion chamber. The water discharged from the bottom of the air humidifier 9 is pressurized by the third water pump 20 or the fourth water pump 21. Part of the water goes to the aftercooler 8 to absorb heat and increase its temperature, and another part goes to the economizer 11 to absorb heat and increase its temperature. The two portions of hot water are combined and all enter the air humidifier 9 for heating and humidifying the air. Through this method, a wet air turbine cycle operation test of the gas turbine can be achieved.

[0104] When a simple cycle test of a gas turbine is carried out using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention, the air at the outlet of the gas turbine compressor 3 directly enters the combustion chamber 4, reacts with the fuel in the combustion chamber 4 and is heated before entering the high-pressure turbine 5, where the power turbine 6 expands and does work.

[0105] It should be noted that when the humidified gas turbine cycle test system of the present invention is used to conduct simple cycle or regenerative cycle tests of the gas turbine, although the aftercooler 8 and air humidifier 9 are not in operation, the air humidifier 9 will serve as a water storage device for the water circulation. The water circulation is as follows: circulating water C enters the economizer 11 from the third circulating water pump 20, is heated, then enters the heat exchanger 16 as circulating water E, is cooled, and returns to the bottom of the air humidifier 9, and then passes through the third circulating water pump 20 to form a water circulation. Its function is to protect the downstream heat exchanger and flue under simple cycle or regenerative cycle test conditions to prevent overheating.

[0106] When using the wet gas turbine cycle test system of this invention to conduct flow matching for different gas turbines, the air at the compressor 3 outlet can be partially and directly discharged into the flue gas, and the flue gas with a certain pressure at the high-pressure turbine 5 outlet can also be partially and directly discharged into the flue gas. When the flow of the gas turbine is mismatched, it can be adjusted through these two measures.

[0107] The objectives of this invention have been fully and effectively achieved through the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that this invention includes, but is not limited to, the contents described in the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments described above. Although the invention has been described with reference to what is currently considered the most practical and preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, and any modifications that do not depart from the functional and structural principles of the invention will be included within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A humidified gas turbine cycle test system, comprising at least a gas turbine unit, an air humidification unit, and a flue gas cooling heat recovery unit, wherein the gas turbine unit comprises at least a compressor, a combustion chamber, and a gas turbine; the air humidification unit comprises at least an air humidifier; the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit comprises at least a regenerator and an economizer; and the exhaust port of the combustion chamber is connected to the air inlet of the gas turbine, characterized in that... The compressor's air intake line is connected to ambient air, and at least one air intake treatment device and / or one air intake spray device are provided. The air intake treatment device is used to filter, cool, and / or heat the intake air, and the air intake spray device is used to spray and humidify the intake air. The compressor has multiple exhaust lines at its exhaust port. At least one exhaust line is directly connected to the air inlet of the combustion chamber, one exhaust line is connected to the air inlet of the combustion chamber after passing through the cold side of the regenerator, one exhaust line is connected to the air inlet of the combustion chamber after passing through at least the cold side of the air humidifier and the regenerator, one exhaust line is directly connected to the atmosphere to form a venting line for adjusting the flow matching of the gas turbine, and one exhaust line is connected to the air inlet of the air intake treatment device. The combustion chamber has multiple feed lines, at least one of which is directly connected to the combustion chamber. At least one fuel humidification device is installed on each feed line. The fuel humidification device is connected to the hot water line of the air humidification unit. The fuel is humidified in the fuel humidification device by the hot water generated by the air humidification unit and then introduced into the combustion chamber. The exhaust port of the combustion chamber is connected to the air inlet of the gas turbine. The exhaust port of the gas turbine is connected to the atmosphere directly after passing through the hot side of the regenerator and the hot side of the economizer in the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit via the flue gas pipeline. This allows the high-temperature flue gas to expand and do work in the gas turbine, then cool down and enter the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit for further cooling. In the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit, the regenerator is constructed as a regenerator component that can withstand high temperatures. The regenerator does not have a bypass flow path, so that when there is no compressed air passing through its cold side and high-temperature flue gas is introduced into its hot side, the regenerator component can withstand the high temperature of the flue gas without structural damage. At least one external hot water supply device is provided downstream of the air humidification unit. The external hot water supply device includes at least one circulating water pipeline connected to the outside. The hot side of the external hot water supply device is connected to the circulating water pipeline of the air humidification unit. The hot water in the circulating water pipeline of the air humidification unit is cooled by the circulating water connected to the outside in the external hot water supply device and then flows back to the air humidification unit. The circulating water connected to the outside is heated and then supplied to the outside. At least one water recovery device is provided downstream of the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit. The cold side of the water recovery device is connected to the circulating water pipeline of the air humidification unit, and the hot side is connected to the flue gas pipeline of the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit. The low-temperature flue gas discharged from the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit is cooled and dehumidified by the low-temperature circulating water of the air humidification unit in the water recovery device before being discharged into the atmosphere. The cold water in the water recovery device is introduced into the air humidification unit. The gas turbine includes a high-pressure turbine and a power turbine. The air inlet of the high-pressure turbine is connected to the exhaust port of the combustion chamber. The exhaust pipeline of the high-pressure turbine is divided into at least two paths. One exhaust pipeline is directly connected to the atmosphere to form a venting pipeline for adjusting the flow matching of the gas turbine. The other exhaust pipeline is connected to the air inlet of the power turbine. The exhaust port of the power turbine is connected to the atmosphere through the flue gas pipeline in sequence through the hot side of the regenerator and the hot side of the economizer. The air humidifier has at least one air inlet, one circulating water drain outlet, and one water inlet at its bottom, and forms a water storage section as a water circulation buffer. At least one exhaust outlet and one circulating water inlet are located at the top. The air inlet of the air humidifier is connected to the exhaust pipeline of the compressor. The exhaust outlet is connected to the air inlet of the combustion chamber via a compressed air pipeline, passing at least through the cold side of the regenerator. The water inlet is connected to an external water supply pipeline. The circulating water drain outlet is connected to the circulating water inlet via a circulating water pipeline, passing at least through the flue gas cooling heat recovery unit. Compressed air enters the air humidifier from the bottom air inlet, and high-temperature hot water enters the air humidifier from the top circulating water inlet. The compressed air and high-temperature hot water are in direct contact within the air humidifier. After being heated and humidified, the compressed air is discharged from the exhaust outlet at the top of the air humidifier and then enters the air inlet of the regenerator. The high-temperature hot water releases heat and is discharged from the circulating water drain outlet at the bottom of the air humidifier.

2. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water recovery device is installed on the hot-side exhaust pipe of the economizer.

3. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air humidification unit also includes an aftercooler. One end of the cold side of the aftercooler is connected to the circulating water drain at the bottom of the air humidifier, and the other end is connected to the circulating water inlet at the top of the air humidifier. The exhaust line of the compressor is connected to the air inlet of the air humidifier after passing through the hot side of the aftercooler. Compressed air from the compressor is introduced into the hot side of the aftercooler, and circulating water from the air humidifier is introduced into the cold side.

4. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The air humidification unit also includes a water injection humidification device, which has an air inlet, an exhaust outlet, a water inlet, and a drain outlet. The air inlet of the water injection humidification device is connected to the exhaust pipeline of the compressor, the exhaust outlet is connected to the air inlet on the cold side of the regenerator, and the water inlet is connected to an external water supply pipeline. Compressed air enters the water injection humidification device from the air inlet, and low-temperature cold water is sprayed into the water injection humidification device from the water inlet. The compressed air and low-temperature cold water are mixed in the water injection humidification device. After being humidified, the compressed air is discharged from the exhaust outlet of the water injection humidification device and enters the air inlet on the cold side of the regenerator.

5. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The air humidification unit also includes a steam injection humidification device. The steam injection humidification device has an air inlet, an exhaust outlet, a steam inlet, and a drain outlet. The air inlet of the steam injection humidification device is divided into two paths, one of which is connected to the exhaust outlet of the water injection humidification device, and the other is connected to the exhaust outlet of the air humidifier. The exhaust outlet of the steam injection humidification device is connected to the air inlet on the cold side of the regenerator, and the steam inlet is connected to at least an external steam supply pipeline. Compressed air enters the steam injection humidification device from the air inlet, and high-temperature and high-pressure steam is injected into the steam injection humidification device from the steam inlet. The compressed air and the high-temperature and high-pressure steam are mixed in the steam injection humidification device. After being humidified, the compressed air is discharged from the exhaust outlet of the steam injection humidification device and enters the air inlet on the cold side of the regenerator.

6. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The air humidification unit also includes a first water pump, and an external water supply pipeline is connected to the external steam supply pipeline connected to the steam injection humidification device. The first water pump is installed on the external water supply pipeline. After the water in the external water supply pipeline is pressurized by the first water pump, it is sent to the external steam supply pipeline to reduce the temperature of the externally supplied steam.

7. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The air humidification unit also includes a second water pump, which is installed on the external water supply pipeline connected to the water inlet at the bottom of the air humidifier. The water in the external water supply pipeline is pressurized by the second water pump and then sent to the air humidifier to replenish the water volume of the air humidifier.

8. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The air humidification unit also includes a third water pump. The circulating water drain at the bottom of the air humidifier is divided into two paths: one path flows through the circulating water pipeline to the cold side of the aftercooler, and the other path flows through the circulating water pipeline to the cold side of the economizer before converging at the circulating water inlet at the top of the air humidifier. The third water pump is installed on the circulating water drain pipeline at the bottom of the air humidifier. The circulating water discharged from the bottom of the air humidifier is pressurized by the third water pump and then diverted to the cold side of the aftercooler and the economizer to be heated. After the temperature is increased, it flows back to the circulating water inlet at the top of the air humidifier, forming a cycle.

9. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The air humidification unit also includes a fourth water pump, which is connected in parallel with the third water pump.

10. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The air humidification unit also includes a spray water pretreatment device installed on the external water supply pipeline. After passing through the spray water pretreatment device, the external water supply is introduced into the air intake spray device and / or the water injection humidification device.

11. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the gas turbine unit, the gas turbine is directly or indirectly connected to the compressor via a transmission component.

12. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas turbine unit also includes a generator, and the gas turbine is directly or indirectly connected to the generator through a transmission component.

13. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 10, characterized in that, When conducting tests on the novel compressor intake cooling technology using the aforementioned humidified gas turbine cycle test system, external makeup water, after desalination treatment, is introduced into the spray water pretreatment device. After filtration and pressurization, it is introduced into the intake spray device. By fully mixing with the intake air, the intake air is humidified. The intake air is cooled by adjusting the flow rate of external makeup water introduced into the spray water pretreatment device. When the amount of external makeup water exceeds the amount of water required for intake air evaporation, the excess water enters the compressor with the intake air and is wet-compressed in the compressor.

14. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 13, characterized in that, In this experiment, to facilitate the adjustment of the intake air temperature and relative humidity, a portion of high-pressure compressed air was drawn from the exhaust of the compressor and introduced into the intake treatment device to mix with the air drawn in from the atmospheric environment, thereby achieving the adjustment of the intake air temperature and relative humidity.

15. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 14, characterized in that, When a wet air combustion test is conducted using the aforementioned humidified gas turbine cycle test system, all or part of the high-temperature compressed air discharged from the compressor is introduced into the water injection humidification device. In the water injection humidification device, externally supplied water is heated and evaporated after contact with the high-temperature compressed air. The humidified compressed air is then introduced into a steam injection humidification device located downstream of the water injection humidification device, where it is further mixed with externally supplied steam. By adjusting the amount of external steam injected, the water vapor content in the compressed air can be adjusted. Through the above process, the water vapor content of the air introduced into the combustion chamber can be changed, providing conditions for conducting a wet air combustion test.

16. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 10, characterized in that, When the compressed air cooling test is carried out using the humidified gas turbine cycle test system, all or part of the high-temperature compressed air discharged from the compressor is introduced into the hot side of the aftercooler and exchanges heat with the circulating water introduced into its cold side in the aftercooler. The cooled compressed air is introduced into the downstream process components, and the heated circulating water is introduced into the hot side of the external hot water supply device and cooled by the external cooling water introduced into its cold side. After being introduced into the bottom of the air humidifier, it is pressurized by the pumping device and then flows back to the cold side of the aftercooler. Based on the above process, the heat exchange performance of the aftercooler under different conditions is tested by adjusting the flow rate and temperature of the compressed air introduced into the hot side and the circulating water introduced into the cold side of the aftercooler.

17. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 10, characterized in that, When conducting a novel heating and humidification test of compressed air using the aforementioned humidified gas turbine cycle test system, all or part of the high-temperature compressed air discharged from the compressor is introduced into the hot side of the aftercooler, where it exchanges heat with circulating water introduced into its cold side. The cooled compressed air is then introduced into the downstream air humidifier, where it is heated and humidified by contact with hot water. The circulating water at the bottom of the air humidifier is pressurized by a pumping device, with a portion introduced into the cold side of the aftercooler to absorb heat and raise its temperature, and another portion introduced into the cold side of the economizer to absorb heat and raise its temperature. The two portions of hot water are then combined. After flowing, the water splits into two streams: one enters the air humidifier, and the other enters the hot side of the external hot water supply device. By adjusting the pumping rate of the pumping device and the water flow rate into the external hot water supply device, the temperature and flow rate of the hot water entering the air humidifier can be regulated. Similarly, by adjusting the flow rate of compressed air entering the hot side of the aftercooler, the flow rate of compressed air entering the air humidifier can be regulated. In this way, the flow rate and temperature of compressed air and circulating water in the air humidifier can be regulated to test the performance of the air humidifier under different conditions.

18. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 10, characterized in that, When conducting tests on a novel regenerator using the aforementioned humidified gas turbine cycle test system, the compressed air discharged from the compressor is introduced into the aftercooler, air humidifier, water injection humidifier, and / or steam injection humidifier to adjust its water vapor content and temperature. Then, all or part of the compressed air is introduced into the regenerator to change the flow rate of the compressed air entering the regenerator. The combustion chamber changes its fuel flow rate, thereby altering the temperature of the flue gas entering the regenerator. Through this method, the flow rate, temperature, and composition of the compressed air and flue gas in the regenerator are adjusted to test the performance of the regenerator under different conditions.

19. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 10, characterized in that, When conducting a novel exhaust water recovery test using the aforementioned humidified gas turbine cycle test system, a portion of high-pressure compressed air is extracted from the exhaust gas of the compressor and introduced into the water recovery device. By adjusting the air humidity and the load of the gas turbine itself, the temperature and composition of the flue gas entering the water recovery device can be changed as needed, thus providing conditions for conducting the exhaust water recovery test.

20. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 10, characterized in that, When conducting a gas turbine heat-to-power ratio regulation characteristic test using the aforementioned humidified gas turbine cycle test system, the circulating water discharged from the bottom of the air humidifier is pressurized by a pumping device. Part of the water is then fed into the cold side of the aftercooler and part into the cold side of the economizer to absorb heat and increase temperature. The two portions of hot water are then combined and divided into two streams, which pass through the air humidifier and the external hot water supply device, respectively. By adjusting the pumping rate of the pumping device and the water flow rate into the external hot water supply device, the regulation of the external heat supply can be simulated.

21. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 20, characterized in that, By sending all the hot water from the outlets of the aftercooler and economizer to the external hot water supply device, and simultaneously adjusting the flow rate of compressed air that is directly introduced into the combustion chamber without passing through the regenerator, the flow rate of compressed air introduced into the regenerator is changed, thereby achieving a wide range of heat-to-power ratio adjustment tests.

22. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 21, characterized in that, By introducing all the compressed air discharged from the compressor into the combustion chamber, and using all the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the power turbine for external heating, a wide-range thermoelectric ratio adjustment test can be achieved under extreme conditions.

23. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 10, characterized in that, When conducting gas turbine regenerative cycle system tests using the aforementioned humidified gas turbine cycle test system, under the condition that the water injection humidification device does not inject water and the steam injection humidification device does not inject steam but only serves as an air passage component, the compressed air discharged from the compressor is sequentially passed through the water injection humidification device and the steam injection humidification device before being introduced into the regenerator. The compressed air is heated by high-temperature flue gas in the regenerator and then introduced into the combustion chamber. In this way, the regenerative cycle operation test of the gas turbine is achieved.

24. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 10, characterized in that, When conducting a water injection regenerative cycle test of a gas turbine using the aforementioned humidified gas turbine cycle test system, under the condition that the water injection humidification device injects water and the steam injection humidification device does not inject steam but only serves as an air passage component, the compressed air discharged from the compressor is sequentially passed through the water injection humidification device and the steam injection humidification device before being introduced into the regenerator. The compressed air is heated by high-temperature flue gas in the regenerator and then introduced into the combustion chamber. In this way, the water injection regenerative cycle operation test of the gas turbine is achieved.

25. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 10, characterized in that, When conducting a gas turbine steam injection regenerative cycle test using the aforementioned humidified gas turbine cycle test system, under the condition that the water injection humidification device does not inject water but only serves as an air passage component, and the steam injection humidification device injects steam, the compressed air discharged from the compressor is sequentially passed through the water injection humidification device and the steam injection humidification device before being introduced into the regenerator. The compressed air is heated by high-temperature flue gas in the regenerator and then introduced into the combustion chamber. In this way, the steam injection regenerative cycle operation test of the gas turbine is realized.

26. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 10, characterized in that, When conducting a wet air turbine cycle test using the aforementioned humidified gas turbine cycle test system, the compressed air discharged from the compressor is introduced into the aftercooler to exchange heat with the circulating water on its cold side. The cooled compressed air is then introduced into the air humidifier to directly contact the hot water injected from the top for heat and mass transfer. The heated and humidified compressed air is then sent to the regenerator to be further heated by the high-temperature flue gas on its hot side before being introduced into the combustion chamber. The water discharged from the bottom of the air humidifier is pressurized by a pumping device and then transported to the cold side of the aftercooler and the cold side of the economizer to absorb heat and increase temperature. After all of the water is introduced into the air humidifier, it is used to heat and humidify the compressed air. In this way, the wet air turbine cycle operation test of the gas turbine is realized.

27. The wet gas turbine cycle test system according to claim 10, characterized in that, When a simple cycle test of a gas turbine is carried out using the aforementioned humidified gas turbine cycle test system, all the compressed air discharged from the compressor is directly introduced into the combustion chamber to react with the fuel therein and generate high-temperature flue gas, which is then introduced into the gas turbine to expand and do work.

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