Cladding panel for collecting and / or emitting thermal energy

Abstract

A cladding panel for collecting and / or emitting thermal energy comprising: a first panel (10); a second panel (20) having a front face (21) attached to the back face (12) of the first panel (10) to form a tight seal, said second panel (20) further having a low profile channel (40) attached to the back face of the first panel (10) to form a conduit; an inlet connector (41) for connecting a heat transfer fluid to a first end of said low profile channel (40); and an outlet connector (42) for connecting a heat transfer fluid to a second end of said low profile channel (40), wherein said first panel (10) is made of a laminar calibrated ceramic having a flat and smooth back face and a flat and smooth front face and having a uniform thickness of 3-6 mm, said second panel (20) is made of a waterproof and thermally insulating plastic stable at temperatures up to 120°C.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a cladding panel for collecting and / or emitting thermal energy, i.e., a panel for covering other building components, such as walls, floors and roofs, which enables the collection of incoming thermal energy, such as solar energy, for storage and / or use, and / or also enables the emission of thermal energy supplied to the cladding panel for, for example, climate control in enclosed spaces. Background Technology

[0002] Heat harvesting and / or emitting plates are well known. Typically, they consist of a first plate generally made of metal, with a heat-carrying fluid pipe attached to the back and a glass cover on the front as an infrared trap.

[0003] Typically, the pipes used are made of metal to improve heat transfer from the first plate to the pipes, which have a circular cross-section to allow for bending in any direction to achieve a serpentine loop. However, the use of metal pipes increases heat loss, necessitating the addition of insulation material on the back of the first plate. Furthermore, the use of circular pipes reduces the contact area between these pipes and the first plate, minimizing heat transfer between them and necessitating the addition of a filler element with good thermal conductivity between the pipes and the first plate to improve heat transfer.

[0004] Therefore, the resulting solution is expensive and heavy because its entire surface is covered with glass, making it difficult to integrate aesthetically into buildings due to the limitations imposed by the use of glass cladding. Furthermore, the solution is optimized only for heat harvesting, but its efficiency as a heat emitter is not high because the use of glass reduces heat emission in the form of infrared frequencies.

[0005] Other solutions similar to the one described above are also known, in which the use of glass is omitted, which increases the energy loss of the front of the first plate in the form of infrared radiation, which is detrimental to its performance when used as a collector.

[0006] When the plate is intended to be used as a heat collector, the first plate is typically a metal plate, which effectively transfers heat to the heat transfer fluid due to its high thermal conductivity. However, if a thin metal plate, as is commonly used, is used instead of glass, heat will radiate very quickly to the front, which may cause the system to lose a significant amount of energy, for example, during cloud cover, and the temperature of the heat transfer fluid will fluctuate significantly.

[0007] Even in the short term, these temperature fluctuations require the use of energy-consuming auxiliary heating equipment, typically gas or electricity, to maintain the temperature of the heat transfer fluid, which in turn increases the cost and emissions of the collection system.

[0008] In addition, metallic materials are prone to oxidation and often have high reflectivity, which requires them to be coated with protective coatings or varnishes to improve their heat absorption, but this in turn reduces their thermal conductivity.

[0009] Furthermore, metal materials cannot be cut easily and safely because they produce sharp edges without rust protection, which in turn makes them difficult to architecturally adapt to predefined spaces, as cut decorative panels lack collectability.

[0010] In terms of building integration, there are also known solutions, such as the glassless solution described above, which covers the first panel with a decorative coating, with the collector panel and / or the rest of the heat emitter hidden behind the decorative coating. However, this additional coating significantly reduces the system's efficiency because the decorative coating, when acting as a collector, receives the incident heat and must transfer that heat to the first panel, thus reducing system efficiency. Alternatively, the same problem arises when the decorative coating is used as an emitter, but the energy is transferred from the first panel to the decorative coating. An example of such a system is disclosed in ES2334876 A1, where the decorative coating is a slate roof.

[0011] When the board is intended to be used as a heat emitter, the first board is known to be gypsum board, allowing it to be integrated as the inner wall of a closed interior space. However, gypsum board has very low heat transfer efficiency. Furthermore, this solution cannot be used on floors or outdoors, and can only be used as a heat emitter, not a heat collector, meaning its production volume is small and its price is correspondingly high.

[0012] There are also known collector plates and / or heat emitters that use plates with embedded pipes inside to guide the heat transfer fluid, thus exposing one side of the plate to solar radiation, heating the heat transfer fluid circulating inside. This solution also allows heat to be emitted through the plate because it is not coated with glass and can emit heat in the form of infrared radiation. However, in such solutions, all the materials constituting the first plate on the back side contribute to heat loss because they have the same thermal conductivity as the front side.

[0013] For example, DE4240252A1 discloses a plate formed from first and second symmetrical ceramic plates, each plate having a low-lying channel on one side. The combination of the two ceramic plates defines the channel within the resulting plate. This solution requires relief-molded ceramic plates, a manufacturing technique that limits the maximum plate size, making it more expensive to manufacture, and requires a minimum material thickness to produce small but heavy plates. Furthermore, the resulting plate will have high weight and thermal inertia, and will have heat loss or require insulation on its back side.

[0014] US2009229598A1 also discloses the use of ceramic plates, in which an extruded ceramic plate defines multiple parallel longitudinal channels within its interior. Compared to the molding solution described above, this solution enables cheaper and lighter manufacturing, but it complicates pipe connections because a manifold is required at the ends of the ceramic plate to connect the inlet and outlet pipes to all the parallel channels of the first plate. This makes installation more expensive and increases the risk of leaks. This solution also does not address heat loss on the back side of the first plate.

[0015] This invention solves the above-mentioned problems as well as other problems. Summary of the Invention

[0016] This invention relates to a coating plate for collecting and / or emitting thermal energy, comprising, in a manner known per se,:

[0017] The first plate has an upper surface and a lower surface, the upper surface being exposed;

[0018] The second plate has an upper surface attached to the lower surface of the first plate and has a low-undulation channel defined in the upper surface of the second plate, the channel being attached to the lower surface of the first plate to form a conduit for guiding a heat transfer fluid, and the adhesion between the first plate and the second plate forms a tight seal with the heat transfer fluid at least in the peripheral region of the second plate.

[0019] A heat transfer fluid inlet is connected to one end of the low-ripple channel, and a heat transfer fluid outlet is connected to the other end of the low-ripple channel, the inlet and outlet being connected to the heat transfer fluid loop.

[0020] Therefore, in the proposed solution, the front of the second plate is engraved with a low-undulation channel. Typically, it will be a serpentine low-undulation channel, but it is also possible to branch the low-undulation channel into multiple branches and then reunite it with low undulation within the second plate, between the first and second ends of the low-undulation channel.

[0021] Therefore, this low-undulation channel will be open and accessible through the front of the second plate, and thus can be machined or preferably molded into the material constituting the second plate through that front.

[0022] The front of the second plate is adhered to the back of the first plate so that the back of the first plate seals the low-undulation channel, making it a closed pipe, thereby allowing the heat transfer fluid circulating inside it to come into direct contact with the back of the first plate, thus maximizing the heat transfer between the two.

[0023] The bonding between the first and second plates will create an airtight seal for a conduit defined between the undulating channel and the back of the first plate, which can only be accessed through inlet and outlet pipes respectively connected to the first and second opposite ends of the undulating channel.

[0024] These inlet and outlet pipes should also be connected to the heat transfer fluid loop, allowing the heat transfer fluid to be introduced into the low-ripple channel through the first end and led out through the second end.

[0025] Such heat transfer fluid loops typically include multiple collectors and / or heat emission cladding plates, such as those proposed, connected in series, parallel, or a combination of series and parallel plates, and may also include other typical elements of these loops, such as insulated tanks, expansion vessels, and regulating valves.

[0026] The invention further proposes that the first plate is made of a layered calibrated ceramic material having a flat and smooth upper and lower surface and a uniform thickness between 3 mm and 6 mm, and the second plate is made of insulating plastic that is waterproof and stable at a minimum temperature of up to 120°C.

[0027] Layered calibrated ceramics are a type of refined ceramic produced through a manufacturing process that enables the production of large slabs, over 1 meter wide and 3 meters long, that are completely flat and extremely thin, sometimes as thin as 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, or 6 mm. Even with such a small thickness, these refined ceramic slabs are sufficiently resistant to impact and bending, allowing for the manufacture of very large, lightweight slabs without breakage.

[0028] Furthermore, it is a weather-resistant and waterproof material that will not deteriorate upon contact with components and can be walked on without cracking. This means it can be installed on indoor or outdoor floors, walls, or roofs, and can be used interchangeably as a collector or transmitter. This enables increased production capacity, thereby reducing prices.

[0029] Furthermore, ceramics are a common material for both exterior and interior finishes due to their wide range of colors and textures, making their use in panel finishes beneficial for architectural integration. Ceramic materials can also be cut to desired sizes; for example, ceramic panels without heat emission and / or heat collection capabilities can be cut to completely cover the perimeter of a surface with such cladding panels, enabling complete architectural integration in any space. This characteristic allows for the complete covering of a surface with ceramic panels of the same appearance, combining collector panels and / or heat emitters with other panels lacking this capability. The low cost of the proposed cladding panels means that some can be cut to fit the perimeter without sacrificing their functionality as collector and / or emitter panels or incurring additional costs. This simplifies logistics, as there is no need to calculate and ship two types of panels to the site, further reducing the overall cost.

[0030] Because this material can completely cover surfaces of any size and shape, it can be used to form a single shell and / or surface finish for that specific surface, while also serving as a waterproof and / or enclosure. This means that the proposed cladding panel can replace other building components, thereby reducing assembly costs.

[0031] The second plate is made of a plastic material that is much lighter than the first plate, which is made of ceramic, and provides some insulation on the back side of the first plate. The second plate includes low-undulation channels throughout its thickness, while allowing the heat transfer fluid to be in direct contact with the back side of the first plate. Therefore, the second plate provides insulation for the heat transfer fluid circulating within it, which reduces heat loss without impeding heat transfer from the first plate to the heat transfer fluid, thanks to the direct contact between the two through the back side of the first plate covering the low-undulation channels.

[0032] The plastic material that makes up the second plate can withstand temperatures up to 120°C without deteriorating because it will be in direct contact with the heat transfer fluid and the first plate, which can reach high temperatures if exposed to sunlight.

[0033] The resulting cladding panels are those that can be manufactured in a very simple and therefore very economical manner, enabling the production of large panels that are lighter due to their reduced thickness, allowing them to be easily handled by one or two operators. Larger panels simplify and speed up installation, minimizing the number of connections and thus making installation cheaper, while also reducing potential leak points for the heat transfer fluid.

[0034] Furthermore, the finished surface of the cladding panel is indistinguishable from cladding panels without heat collection and / or emission capabilities, thus facilitating its integration with adjacent panels lacking such capabilities, for example, in facade cladding or in radiation to the floor or walls. This allows heat collection or emission surfaces to be adapted to the building's thermal requirements, while the remaining surfaces that do not require these capabilities or need to be cut are finished with other panels of the same appearance, resulting in a uniform look.

[0035] The solution can also use ceramic slabs of any color as the first plate, although dark colors are preferred, such as those with an albedo of 0.25 or less or that absorb at least 75% of the incident solar energy, and it can also use ceramic slabs with patterns, such as stone textures, borders, or images.

[0036] According to another embodiment of the invention, the second plate may be made of non-foamed plastic, i.e., plastic without internal air.

[0037] Preferably, this non-foamed plastic will have a strength of 600 kg / m³. 3 -1200kg / m 3 The density is [not specified], and / or the thermal conductivity is 0.25 W / m°K or lower. This plastic is very stable, rigid, and durable, thus providing structural support for the entire cladding. The thermal conductivity of this type of material is much lower than that of the first material, providing some insulation to the back of the first material and the heat transfer fluid.

[0038] Alternatively, it can be envisioned that the second board is made of foam plastic, that is, plastic containing air inside. Preferably, this foam plastic has a density of 10 kg / m³. 3 -200 kg / m 3 The density is [not specified], and / or the thermal conductivity is 0.12 W / m°K or lower. Therefore, the proposed foamed plastics are lighter than non-foamed plastics and provide better thermal insulation; however, they provide much lower structural strength for the first board than the aforementioned non-foamed plastics.

[0039] According to a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the second plate should be equal to or less than 20 mm, or preferably equal to or less than 14 mm. Optionally or additionally, it is also proposed that the maximum depth of the low-ripple channel should be 15 mm or less, or preferably 10 mm or less. Therefore, the thickness of the first and second plates as a whole should be 26 mm or less, or even 20 mm or less.

[0040] Regarding the bonding of the first and second plates, it is suggested that the second plate be bonded to the first plate by thermal fusion, i.e., by partially melting the front side of the second plate in contact with the back side of the first plate and then solidifying it, thereby achieving a watertight bond. This can be achieved by heating the first plate to a temperature above 120°C, covering it with the second plate, and then cooling it.

[0041] Alternatively, the second board can be bonded to the first board using an adhesive that is stable at temperatures up to at least 120°C.

[0042] The second plate can also be bonded to the first plate by adhesive bonding or thermal bonding to the first and second plates, for example, by foil defining a frame around a low-lying channel providing a peripheral seal. One side of this insert sheet can be attached to the first plate, while the opposite side can be attached to the second plate, or it can be attached to the first and second plates in laterally adjacent areas on the same side of the interlayer sheet.

[0043] According to one embodiment, such adhesive sheets can be made of thermoplastic polymers, which can be heat-bonded to the back of a first plate, and can be bonded to a second plate by an adhesive or also by heat-bonding.

[0044] According to another embodiment of the invention, the low-undulation channel will be wider than the bottom.

[0045] It can also be envisioned that the width of the low-undulation channel decreases in depth, reaching its maximum at the surface where it contacts the lower surface of the first plate. This maximizes the heat transfer surface between the heat transfer fluid and the first plate, limiting the volume of the heat transfer fluid. For example, it can be envisioned that the channel may have a semi-circular cross-section, thereby minimizing the contact surface between the heat transfer fluid and the second plate, and thus minimizing heat loss.

[0046] The invention also considers including a third plate, made of insulating material, attached or adhered to the lower surface of the second plate. Unlike the second plate, this third plate should be optimized to maximize the insulating effect without requiring additional heat transfer fluid conduction.

[0047] The third plate preferably has a greater thickness and / or a lower density and / or a lower thermal conductivity than the second plate. More preferably, the third plate will be thicker and have better insulation than the second plate, and will have a lower density.

[0048] The first plate should preferably have a strength equal to or greater than 2200 kg / m³. 3 The density and / or thermal conductivity equal to or greater than 0.8 W / m°K. The first plate may also include additives, such as metallic additives, to increase its thermal conductivity.

[0049] Preferably, the covering plate has a height of 2.2m or higher, and / or 1.5m. 2 Or a larger surface area, so that the entire height between building floors is covered by a single panel to maximize installation speed and minimize the number of connections.

[0050] The weight of the cladding panel can be 25 kg / m. 2 Or lower, or preferably 15 kg / m 2 Or even lower, which facilitates manual installation by two operators on surfaces exceeding 1.5m². 2 The board can be lifted without the need for lifting equipment.

[0051] According to another embodiment of the invention, the lower surface of the first plate has a thermally conductive coating with a thermal conductivity higher than that of the first plate. This thermally conductive coating transfers heat from areas of the first plate that are not directly exposed to the low-ripple channels to areas of the first plate that are in direct contact with the heat transfer fluid, accelerating heat transfer to the heat transfer fluid and thereby improving the efficiency of the component.

[0052] The thermally conductive coating on the lower surface of the first plate can be, for example, paint, varnish, enamel, or enamel with metal particles, or a metal vapor deposition layer.

[0053] The first plate may also have at least one selectively absorbing coating on its upper surface that allows sunlight to pass through the visible spectrum and has low emissivity in the infrared and / or far-infrared spectrum. This selectively absorbing coating acts as an infrared trap to maximize the collection of heat energy from incident sunlight, while reducing radiation loss from the front of the first plate, thus improving the efficiency of the component.

[0054] The selective absorption coating can be, for example, varnish or enamel.

[0055] According to another achievement of the invention, the second plate is composed of one of the following materials: rubber, EPDM rubber, acrylic acid, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyester, expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, polyisocyanurate, polyetheretherketone, and polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0056] It is also conceivable that the periphery of the cladding panel will include complementary mortise and tenon joints on its opposite sides, which are configured to be used for attaching a series of identical cladding panels via these mortise and tenon joints. These mortise and tenon joints may be formed by offset between the first and second panels and / or by mortise and tenon joints defined on the side of the second panel.

[0057] It is also suggested that the inlet and outlet connectors be conduits that pass through the second plate and are joined to the second plate around the periphery of the aforementioned conduit, thereby providing a tight seal for the heat transfer fluid. That is, the inlet connector is a section of conduit, preferably rigid, that passes through the second plate and enters the first end of the low-lying channel, the conduit being completely surrounded and attached to the first plate. The same applies to the outlet connector.

[0058] This configuration allows the inlet connector to be attached only to the second plate, providing a tight seal around it, rather than between the first and second plates. This would require the inlet connector to be attached to both the first and second plates, making it difficult to ensure a tight seal.

[0059] Alternatively, it is suggested that the inlet and outlet connectors be located between the first and second plates, contacting and engaging with both plates to provide a heat transfer fluid seal, minimizing the thickness of the cladding plate for ease of use, for example, as underfloor heating.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cladding panel is secured to a support member by anchors, such as vertical or inclined support frames. This solution allows for installation on facades and roofs.

[0061] It is suggested that such anchors may include inlet connectors and / or outlet connectors and / or connecting pipes between the inlet and outlet conduits of adjacent cladding plates. That is, the cladding plates should be attached to their support frames using these inlet and / or outlet connectors that form part of the anchors, and / or via connecting pipes capable of connecting the inlet and outlet connectors of adjacent cladding plates.

[0062] Alternatively, it is suggested that the cladding be bonded to the substrate using, for example, adhesives or cement. This solution is suitable for walkable floors because it ensures proper transmission of compressive stress, or for vertical or inclined walls that may have to withstand impacts or significant point or concentrated forces.

[0063] The present invention also proposes that the inlet connector and outlet connector of the same plate are parallel to each other and located at opposite ends on the same side of the cover plate, and that the outlet connector of one plate is connected to the inlet plate of an adjacent plate by a preferably rigid U-shaped conduit connector, so as to facilitate the series connection of multiple cover plates, wherein the cover plates are adjacent to each other when the adjacent cover plates are positioned.

[0064] Preferably, these inlet and outlet connectors are parallel to the front side of the first plate and contained within the edge of the cover plate, meaning they can be installed with a limited thickness, thereby making the conduit connector flush with the thickness of the cover plate.

[0065] In this embodiment, the edge of the second plate will include a hollow space adjacent to the covering plate to accommodate the connecting conduit.

[0066] In another embodiment, the inlet and outlet connectors of the same plate are parallel and coaxial, and are arranged on opposite sides of the cover plate, such that the inlet connector of one plate is aligned and coaxial with the outlet connector of the adjacent cover plate, so as to facilitate their direct connection or connection by means of an inserted straight connector conduit.

[0067] In another embodiment, the inlet connector and the outlet connector are perpendicular to the front of the first plate and can be accessed through the back of the second plate, thereby allowing for easy connection from the back of the cover plate.

[0068] It also covers the arrangement of other inlet and outlet connectors.

[0069] The present invention also proposes a system in which, in the same building, a cladding plate for collecting heat energy is integrated on at least one outer surface of the building exposed to direct sunlight, and a cladding plate for emitting heat energy is integrated on at least one inner surface of the building's enclosed space, the outer and inner cladding plates being connected to transfer heat energy from the exterior to the interior of the building.

[0070] The heat transfer fluid is preferably water or water with an antifreeze agent such as ethanol or its derivatives.

[0071] It should also be understood that any range of endpoints provided may not be optimal and may require adjustments to the invention to make these endpoints applicable, such adjustments being within the skill and knowledge of those skilled in the art.

[0072] Other features of the invention will be presented in the detailed description of exemplary embodiments below. Attached Figure Description

[0073] The above and other advantages and features will be more fully understood from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are given in an illustrative rather than limiting manner, wherein:

[0074] Figure 1 A cover plate for collecting and / or emitting thermal energy according to a first embodiment is shown, wherein the low-undulation channel of the second plate is a serpentine channel shown in dashed lines.

[0075] Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 An exploded perspective view of the cladding plates shown, in which the first plate and the second plate are shown separately;

[0076] Figure 3An enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of the proposed cover plate according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, wherein the low-undulation channel is semi-circular, and the cover plate further includes a third heat insulation plate, the cover plate being shown to be laterally connected to another identical cover plate by a tongue and groove construction, wherein the inlet connector and the outlet connector are perpendicular to the first plate and can be accessed from the back of the cover plate;

[0077] Figure 4 It shows Figure 3 The exploded view of the cladding plate shown shows the first, second and third individual plates, wherein the selective absorption coating and thermally conductive coating on the front and back sides of the first plate are shown in dashed lines, and the adhesive sheet is shown;

[0078] Figure 5 An alternative embodiment of the cover plate is shown, wherein the low-undulation channel is a branch channel, and the inlet connector and the outlet connector are coaxial and located on opposite sides of the cover plate;

[0079] Figure 6 A cross-sectional perspective view of a building is shown, which includes cladding panels, indicated herein as solar cones, located on the exterior facade and on a passable flat roof, serving as heat collectors for incident sunlight, and cladding panels, indicated by wavy arrows, located on the interior floor and interior wall cladding, serving as heat emitters, wherein they are combined with some cladding panels, indicated by section lines, having the same finished appearance but without the ability to collect and / or emit heat. Detailed Implementation

[0080] The accompanying drawings illustrate examples of non-limiting illustrative embodiments of the present invention.

[0081] Figure 6 A building is shown in which the proposed cladding panels are integrated on the sun-exposed exterior surface and used as solar thermal energy collectors, and the proposed cladding panels are also integrated on the enclosed interior surface and used as thermal energy emitters for climate control of the building's interior space.

[0082] Each cladding plate includes at least a first plate 10 having a front (upper surface) 11 and a back (lower surface) 12, which is made of layered calibrated ceramic and has a uniform thickness of 3 mm to 6 mm. The cladding plate also includes a second plate 20 having a front (upper surface) 21 and a back (lower surface) 22, which is made of insulating plastic material and has a thickness between 10 mm and 20 mm. The first plate 10 and the second plate 20 are bonded together.

[0083] The front surface 21 of the second plate 20 has an engraved, undulating channel 40, which can be formed by molding during the manufacture of the second plate 20, for guiding a heat transfer fluid, typically water with antifreeze. The undulating channel 40 should be wider than the bottom and may have a semi-circular cross-section.

[0084] exist Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the low-ripple channel 40 is a serpentine channel, while... Figure 5 In the illustrated embodiment, the low-undulation channel 40 is a branch channel in the middle region of the channel.

[0085] The front side 21 of the second plate 20 is bonded to the back side 12 of the first plate 10 at least around its periphery or preferably over its entire surface to provide a watertight peripheral seal between the first plate 10 and the second plate 20, closing the low-undulation channel 40 so that the heat transfer fluid passing through the low-undulation channel 40 comes into direct contact with the first plate 10 with a large contact surface to maximize heat transfer.

[0086] One of the two opposite ends of the low-ripple channel 40 is connected to the inlet connector 41 and the other is connected to the outlet connector 42 to obtain a watertight connection of the conduit, or to make the outlet connector 42 of one plate watertightly connected to the inlet connector 41 of the adjacent plate.

[0087] For example, Figure 1 and Figure 2 An inlet connector 41 and an outlet connector 42, parallel to each other and parallel to the first plate 10, are shown at opposite ends on the same side of the cladding plate. These examples include U-shaped connecting conduits for interconnecting the outlet connector 42 and the inlet connector for adjacent plates.

[0088] This construction allows the connecting conduit to be laid after the cladding has been in its final position, and also allows for mechanical anchoring between adjacent claddings.

[0089] In the embodiments shown, the connecting conduit also includes anchors 60 in the form of perforated plates for fastening to a support member by screws. This makes it possible to position the cladding plates by connecting conduits that can be inserted from the ends of a row of cladding plates, and then to secure each of these connecting conduits to the support member by screws passing through the anchors 60, thereby securing the cladding plates to the support member. The next row of cladding plates may include a construction at one end complementary to the anchors 60 of the previous row, thereby enabling them to be secured.

[0090] exist Figure 3 and Figure 4In the illustrated embodiment, the inlet connector 41 is shown as a conduit communicating with the end of the low-undulation channel 40, and it passes through the second plate 20 and the third plate 30. The conduit constituting the inlet connector 41 is completely surrounded by the constituent material of the second plate 20, which is attached to the second plate to form a watertight seal.

[0091] according to Figure 4 In the embodiment shown, the first plate 10 includes a thermally conductive coating 50 on its back surface 12 with a thermal conductivity higher than that of the first plate 10 itself. The thermally conductive coating 50 conducts heat more efficiently from the entire surface of the back surface 12 of the first plate 10 to the heat transfer fluid contained in the low-undulation channels 40, or distributes heat from the heat transfer fluid contained in the low-undulation channels 40 to the entire surface of the back surface 12 of the first plate 10.

[0092] When the coated plate is used for heat harvesting, the front surface 11 of the first plate 10 may also include a selective absorption coating 51, which has high transmittance to visible light and low transmittance to infrared light, especially infrared light in the far spectrum. This ensures that the incident solar energy obtained by the first plate is not lost as infrared light through the front surface 11 of the first plate 10 without changing the appearance of the first plate or significantly increasing its weight.

[0093] exist Figure 4 The image also shows an adhesive sheet 70, one side of which is attached to the back side 12 of the first plate 10, and the other side is attached to the front side 21 of the second plate 20.

[0094] The adhesive sheet 70 is used to improve the bonding between the first plate 10 and the second plate 20, ensuring a watertight seal. In this example, the adhesive sheet 70 may be made of a thermoplastic material and can be bonded to the first plate 10 by a hot-melt process, i.e., applied to the first plate 10 when heated to at least partially melt it and adhered thereto after cooling, but bonding the adhesive sheet 70 to the first plate 10 by an adhesive is also not excluded. This solution ensures good adhesion to the first plate 10 and provides a plastic material surface with good compatibility with the constituent materials of the second plate 20, allowing for proper bonding by adhesive or by hot-melt process.

[0095] The adhesive sheet 70 is arranged at least around the periphery of the second plate 20, surrounding the low-lying channel 40 to ensure its watertightness.

[0096] exist Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, the covering plate also includes a third plate 30 made of insulating material, which is preferably thicker than the second plate 20 and made of an insulating material that is lighter and better than the material constituting the second plate 20.

[0097] This allows the first and second plate assemblies to be manufactured with optimal thickness and materials to ensure their watertightness, and enables the third plate 30 to achieve the required insulation using the most suitable material, without requiring compliance with heat transfer fluid conduction. It also makes it easy to adjust the insulation of the plates simply by changing the thickness of the third plate, without adding any additional difficulty or cost.

[0098] The described cladding plates can be easily cut using tools typically used for cutting ceramic materials, thus adapting their dimensions to the dimensions of the surface to be covered. Obviously, with the cut cladding plates, the low-ripple channels 40 are interrupted, so these cut plates cannot be connected to the heat transfer fluid loop, but they can be combined with other complete cladding plates and connected to the heat transfer fluid loop. In this way, the system can completely cover the surface, adapting to its size and shape.

[0099] Figure 6 An elevation of the cladding covering the system is shown, wherein, at its upper end, there is a cut cladding panel marked with a pattern.

[0100] Figure 6 A covered roof with this type of cladding is also shown, in which those cladding panels not exposed to direct sunlight are also marked with gratings, but are not connected to the heat transfer fluid loop.

[0101] It should be understood that the various parts of the invention described in one embodiment can be freely combined with the parts described in other embodiments, even if such a combination is not explicitly described, as long as the result of the combination is within the scope of the claims and as long as there is no incompatibility in the combination.

Claims

1. A coating plate for collecting and / or emitting thermal energy, comprising: A first plate (10) having an upper surface (11) and a lower surface (12), the upper surface (11) being exposed; The second plate (20) has an upper surface (21) attached to the lower surface (12) of the first plate (10) and a low-undulation channel (40) defined in the upper surface (21) of the second plate (20), the low-undulation channel (40) being attached to the lower surface (12) of the first plate (10) to form a conduit for guiding heat transfer fluid, and the bond between the first plate (10) and the second plate (20) forms a watertight seal for heat transfer fluid at least in the peripheral region of the second plate (20). A heat transfer fluid inlet connector (41) is connected to a first end of the low-ripple channel (40), and a heat transfer fluid outlet connector (42) is connected to a second end of the low-ripple channel (40), the inlet connector (41) and the outlet connector (42) being connected to a heat transfer fluid loop; characterized in that: The first plate (10) is made of layered calibrated ceramic material with a smooth and flat lower surface and an upper surface, and has a uniform thickness of 3 mm to 6 mm. The second plate (20) is made of waterproof and heat-insulating plastic that is stable at temperatures up to 120°C.

2. The covering plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second plate (20) is made of non-foamed plastic or of a material with a density of 600 kg / m³. 3 -1200kg / m 3 It is made of non-foamed plastic with a density of 0.25 W / m°K or lower thermal conductivity.

3. The covering plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second board (20) is made of foam plastic or has a density of 10 kg / m 3 -200kg / m 3 It is made of foam plastic with a density of 0.12 W / m°K or lower and / or a thermal conductivity of 0.12 W / m°K or lower.

4. The covering plate according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: The thickness of the second plate (20) is equal to or less than 20 mm, and / or the maximum depth of the low-undulation channel (40) is 15 mm or less; or The thickness of the second plate (20) is equal to or less than 14 mm, and / or the maximum depth of the low-undulation channel (40) is 10 mm or less.

5. The covering plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second plate (20) is fused to the first plate (10).

6. The covering plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second plate (20) is bonded to the first plate (10) by an adhesive that is stable at a temperature of at least 120°C.

7. The covering plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second plate (20) is bonded to the first plate (10) by an adhesive sheet (70), or by an adhesive sheet (70) made of thermoplastic polymer that is bonded or heat-fused to the first plate (10) and to the second plate (20).

8. The covering plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the undulating channel (40) is wider than the bottom, and / or the width of the undulating channel (40) decreases in depth and reaches its maximum value at the surface where it contacts the lower surface (12) of the first plate (10).

9. The covering plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a third plate (30) made of insulating material, which is attached or adhered to the lower surface of the second plate (20).

10. The covering plate according to claim 9, characterized in that: The third plate (30) has a greater thickness than the second plate (20), and / or a lower density than the second plate (20), and / or a lower thermal conductivity than the second plate (20).

11. The covering plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The density of the first plate (10) is equal to or greater than 2200 kg / m³ 3 , and / or its thermal conductivity is equal to or greater than 0.8 W / m°K.

12. The covering plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The covering plate has a height of 2.2m or higher, and / or 1.5m. 2 Or a larger surface area, and / or 25 kg / m² 2 Or even lower weight.

13. The covering plate according to claim 12, characterized in that: The lower surface (12) of the first plate (10) has a thermally conductive coating (50) with a thermal conductivity higher than that of the first plate (10).

14. The covering plate according to claim 13, characterized in that: The thermally conductive coating (50) is paint, varnish, enamel or enamel with metal particles, or a metal vapor deposition layer.

15. The covering plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first plate (10) has at least a selective absorption coating (51) on its upper surface, which transmits sunlight in the visible spectrum and has low emissivity to infrared and / or far-infrared light spectra.

16. The covering plate according to claim 15, characterized in that: The selective absorption coating (51) is a varnish or enamel.

17. The covering plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second plate (20) is made of one of the following materials: rubber, EPDM rubber, acrylic acid, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyester, expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, polyisocyanurate, polyether ether ketone, polytetrafluoroethylene.

18. The covering plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The periphery of the cladding includes complementary mortise and tenon joints on opposite sides, which are configured to attach a series of identical cladding panels.

19. The covering plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet connector (41) and outlet connector (42) are conduits that pass through the second plate (20) and engage with the second plate (20) around its periphery to provide a tight seal for the heat transfer fluid.

20. The covering plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet connector (41) and outlet connector (42) are conduits, which contact and engage with the first plate (10) and the second plate (20) to provide a tight seal for the heat transfer fluid.

21. The covering plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The covering plate is fixed to the support by anchors (60).

22. The covering plate according to claim 21, characterized in that: The anchor (60) includes an inlet connector and / or an outlet connector, and / or a connecting conduit located between the inlet and outlet connectors of an adjacent cover plate.

23. The covering plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The covering panel is attached to a backing.

24. The covering plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first plate (10) includes metal additives or other additives to increase its thermal conductivity.

25. The covering plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet connector (41) and outlet connector (42) of the same plate are parallel to each other and located at opposite ends on the same side of the covering plate.

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