A dry dock with a lifting dock device and an installation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a dry dock with a lifting dock device and an installation method, comprising a dry dock structure, lifting docks, a reinforcement structure, filling materials, an onshore unit, and hydraulic pipes. A dock chamber lifting area is provided in the middle of the dry dock, with a plurality of lifting docks arranged in a matrix within the dock chamber lifting area. A reinforcement structure is provided between the dock chamber lifting area and the dock chamber fixed area. The plate reinforcement structure in the reinforcement structure is cast together with the dry dock structure to form a fixed matrix lifting dock. The onshore unit is connected to the plurality of lifting docks via a control unit for remotely controlling the lifting scale and precise pressure of each lifting dock, thereby achieving high-precision adaptation to dry docking piers of different types and linear shapes. The present invention can integrate and expand the functions of lifting docks that can be remotely controlled and executed underwater with traditional dock structures, solving the problems of existing dry docks, such as the long time required for docking preparation and pier arrangement, the complex operation process for ships entering and leaving the dock chamber, and the limited position accuracy during pier placement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a dry dock for shipbuilding and repairing, in particular to a dry dock with a lifting dock device and an installation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a matter of professional knowledge, some ships require dry docking during shipbuilding and repair. According to standards such as CB / T 3677, "Technical Requirements for Ships Entering and Leaving Dry Docks," certain precision requirements apply to ships seated on dock piers after docking. This is particularly true for ships that require the installation of high-precision equipment such as radar antennas. Traditional dry docks are designed and constructed in accordance with CB / T 8524, "Dry Dock Design Specifications."

[0003] The widely used docking piers for ship docking consist of a rigid pier at the bottom, made of concrete or steel. Several layers of relatively soft material, such as wood, are laid on top of the rigid piers. Curved pads adapted to the curved shape of the hull's plating are then placed on top of the softer layers. Because the dock chamber is fixed, the hull plating profiles of different ship types and sizes vary, necessitating draining the chamber and piers before docking. To avoid contact between the plating and the piers at the same location during each docking, at least two different pier layouts are required to allow for repairs and paint repairs at the contact points between the hull and the piers. For some ships, due to the relatively variable stern profile, piers cannot be arranged in advance and must be placed after the ship is docked. Furthermore, the piers are fixed in height. Once the ship is dry-docked, its height, levelness, and relative to the dock's spatial coordinate system are fixed. If the hull levelness and other indicators do not meet construction requirements, the piers must be re-floated.

[0004] Publication No. "CN 112606972 B" describes a movable, automatically elevating, flexible dock unit for ships. By adjusting the position of the transverse rails and the flexible dock unit, automatically extending and retracting a powerful spring, automatically rotating a movable support plate, and adding weights to the iron support bracket, the ship can be docked and switched between different docking schemes. No manual adjustments such as adding wooden pads are required, thereby improving work efficiency, saving shipyard funds, and reducing resource waste. This dock unit requires draining the dock chamber before implementing the docking scheme, and the docking scheme remains a traditional docking scheme. It cannot be arranged when there is water in the dock chamber, nor can it automatically generate a docking scheme as the relative position of the hull changes. It cannot automatically verify the reliability of the dock support force for ships of different displacements. Publication No. "CN 113998075A" describes a new universal dock based on hydraulic automatic control. It adopts a center-side pier separation structure with a modular and structural design, allowing for easy adjustment of posture to accommodate different ship curves. Compared with the present invention, the accumulated water in the dock chamber must be drained before the pier arrangement plan can be implemented, and the pier arrangement plan is still a traditional docking plan. It is impossible to arrange the piers when there is water in the dock chamber and automatically generate the pier arrangement plan as the relative position of the hull changes. It is impossible to automatically check the reliability of the dock pier support force for ships with different displacements. Announcement No. "CN 103287555 B" provides a movable hydraulic dock and a method of use thereof, which lifts heavy components to the installation position through the cooperation of multiple groups of docks and sliding in sections. The movable hydraulic dock requires the accumulated water in the dock chamber to be implemented, and the pier arrangement plan is still a traditional docking plan. It is impossible to arrange the piers when there is water in the dock chamber and automatically generate the pier arrangement plan as the relative position of the hull changes. It is impossible to automatically check the reliability of the dock pier support force for ships with different displacements.

[0005] The academic journal "Shipbuilding Technology," published in its 2020 issue 3, issue 355, published an article titled "Digital Dock System." By establishing a precision grid coordinate system for point control piles, the article inputs the entire dock system into computer software, transforming the dock into a tangible three-dimensional model. Using three-dimensional coordinates to represent dock system information, the article provides a concrete and intuitive platform for production design, organizational planning, and simulated loading. This article only describes the digitization of the dock's three-dimensional coordinates and does not describe the implementation of a ship's pier arrangement scheme, nor does it describe how to arrange piers in the presence of water in the dock chamber or automatically generate pier arrangement schemes as the relative position of the ship changes. Furthermore, the article cannot automatically verify the reliability of the dock pier support for ships of different displacements.

[0006] In summary, the preparation work of the dock piers before the ship enters the dock in the existing dock consumes a lot of time, and the need to drain the water in the dock chamber also consumes a lot of time. The accuracy of the ship ladder after it is placed on the pier is difficult to guarantee. In addition, the preparation time of the existing dry dock mobile and fixed dock piers is long, the effective operation time of the ship dry dock is inefficient, and the manual lofting of the relative position coordinates of the dock piers and the surface dimensions of the dock piers are limited. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to reduce the time for docking piers, shorten the operation process of ships entering and leaving the dock, improve the accuracy of the relative position coordinates of the dock and the surface dimensions of the dock surface, and increase the turnover rate of ship dry dock operations, the present invention proposes a dock with a lifting dock device and an installation method thereof, which realizes the integration and expansion of functions of the lifting dock that can be remotely controlled and perform actions underwater with the traditional dock structure, and solves the problems of the existing dry dock that takes a long time to prepare for docking and pier arrangement, the multiple operation processes of ships entering and leaving the dock, and the limited position accuracy of the hull during the docking process.

[0008] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a dry dock with a lifting dock device, including a dry dock structure, a lifting dock, a reinforcement structure, a filling material, an onshore unit, a hydraulic pipe, and a dock door. A dock chamber lifting area is provided in the middle of the dry dock, and a plurality of lifting docks are distributed in a matrix in the dock chamber lifting area. A reinforcement structure is provided between the dock chamber lifting area and the dock chamber fixed area. The plate reinforcement structure in the reinforcement structure is cast together with the dry dock structure to form a fixed matrix lifting dock; the onshore unit is connected to a plurality of lifting docks through a control unit, which is used to remotely control the lifting scale and precise pressure of each lifting dock, thereby realizing high-precision adaptation to the dry dock pier function of ships of different types and lines.

[0009] Furthermore, the dry dock structure consists of a sidewall bottom structure, an operating area bottom structure, a lifting dock area bottom structure, a dock sidewall structure, and a dock bow structure. The dry dock structure is constructed by continuously casting a reinforced concrete frame and concrete structure. Multiple embedded components are cast together with the dry dock structure, arranged in positions determined by the lifting dock. The embedded components and plate reinforcement structure are made of corrosion-resistant metal. While maintaining sufficient strength, they can be easily connected to the lifting dock fasteners and the rib reinforcement structure by welding, ensuring a rigid connection between all parts of the dock and overall rigidity.

[0010] Furthermore, a single lifting dock consists of a piston cylinder, a piston rod, a connecting flange, a supporting elastic body, a limit spring, a supporting elastic body fork, a piston rod eye plate, a pin, and a control unit. The piston rod can move within the piston cylinder under hydraulic drive. The connecting flange is fixedly connected to the embedded part via embedded part fasteners. The cylindrical supporting elastic body is embedded with a fork. The extended end of the piston rod has an eye plate. The supporting elastic body fork and the piston rod eye plate are hingedly connected via a pin, and the supporting elastic body can rotate relative to the piston rod. The symmetrical limit springs are connected at one end to the edge of the supporting elastic body and at the other end to both sides of the supporting elastic body fork. The control unit is used to control and monitor the flow rate within the piston cylinder, regulate and monitor the pressure, realize the lifting and lowering of a single lifting dock and the collection and control of the dock support pressure. The flow valve is used to accurately control the lifting height and adjust the dock support pressure.

[0011] Furthermore, the supporting elastomer is made of a material with lower hardness and greater pressure resistance than the hull plate, so as to avoid damaging the outer plate paint when in contact with the outer plate of the hull, and the pressure-resistant material can maintain the compressed shape and position stability of the supporting elastomer; the diameter of the supporting elastomer is larger than the diameter of the cylinder body, so as to realize the replacement of the cylinder body seal without damaging the filling material; the limit spring applies a pre-tensioning force when symmetrically installed, so that the supporting elastomer always maintains a relatively vertical state in the free state.

[0012] Furthermore, when the supporting elastic body that is hingedly connected in a vertical position is in the flat bottom contour area, it can directly contact the outer surface of the hull outer plate; when the supporting elastic body that is hingedly connected in a vertical position is in the flat bottom contour area and the waterline contour area, it can adapt to the line shape of the hull outer plate by rotating under pressure and contact the outer surface of the hull outer plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the reinforcement structure is composed of a rib reinforcement structure, a tube reinforcement structure, and a plate reinforcement structure. The plate reinforcement structure is divided into an upper part of the rib reinforcement structure, a shoulder of the rib reinforcement structure, and a main body of the rib reinforcement structure. The plate reinforcement structure is located at the interface between the fixed area of ​​the dock chamber and the lifting area of ​​the dock chamber. The rib reinforcement structure and the plate reinforcement structure are welded together at the boundary of the lifting area. The main body of the plate reinforcement structure converges at the cylinder body and is welded together with the cylinder body. The inner hole diameter of the tube reinforcement structure is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the supporting elastomer. The bottom of the tube reinforcement structure is welded to the shoulder of the rib reinforcement structure, and the side is welded to the upper part of the rib reinforcement structure, so that the cylinder body, connecting flange, rib reinforcement structure, tube reinforcement structure, and plate reinforcement structure form a continuous spatial mesh metal frame structure in the lifting area. After the filling material is poured, the frame structure forms a dock community with comparable strength together with the dock structure, providing sufficient rigidity for the ship to sit on the pier.

[0014] Furthermore, the filling material is composed of high-strength, low-density filling material and high-strength, dense filling material. The high-strength, low-density filling material is poured at the bottom of the dock lifting area. The pouring height is lower than the upper end face of the piston cylinder, which is convenient for replacing the piston cylinder end cover seal. The pouring height of the high-strength, low-density filling material can completely fill the hydraulic oil pipe to avoid being squeezed and corroded by the filling material; the high-strength, dense filling material is poured at the top of the dock lifting area.

[0015] Furthermore, the hydraulic pipe includes two parts, hydraulic pipe A and hydraulic pipe B. One end of hydraulic pipe A is connected to the bottom of the cylinder body, and the other end is connected to the control unit to execute the extension of the cylinder piston rod; one end of hydraulic pipe B is connected to the upper part of the cylinder body, and the other end is connected to the control unit to execute the retraction of the cylinder piston rod; the hydraulic pipe is connected to the main hydraulic pipeline on the shore power unit through the control unit, and the shore control unit centrally pre-programs the operation of each control unit. Each lifting dock pier is independently connected to hydraulic pipe A and hydraulic pipe B. Hydraulic pipe A and hydraulic pipe B are gathered and bundled at the bottom of the dock lifting area, pass through the rib reinforcement structure and the reserved space at the bottom of the dock lifting area, and extend to the shore area. The control unit is in the shore area for easy inspection, maintenance and calibration, so as to improve the reliability of the dock lifting area function.

[0016] Furthermore, the longitudinal column spacing of the matrix of the lifting dock is the same as or similar to the longitudinal frame spacing of the ship, and the transverse column spacing is the same as or similar to the rib spacing of the ship, so that the supporting force application point of the lifting dock is at the intersection of the strong frame of the hull structure, avoiding deformation of the contact part of the hull structure when providing sufficient supporting force to the hull.

[0017] Furthermore, before the ship is docked, the onshore unit calculates the matching relationship between the spacing between the longitudinal bones or ribs of the pre-docked ship and the lifting dock piers, and gives the extension size and support force of the lifting dock piers at each coordinate position, so as to provide strong support force for the lifting dock piers at the outer plate at the intersection of the hull frame; while providing weak support force for the lifting dock piers at the outer plate gaps at the intersection grid of the hull frame, and providing lateral position retention force for the lifting dock piers at the outer plate at the hull line; through the onshore unit analyzing and calculating the linear characteristics of the hull structure, the flow and pressure of each control unit are adjusted to achieve the adaptation of the lifting dock pier matrix to ships with different hull structures.

[0018] A dry dock installation method with a lifting dock device, the installation steps are as follows:

[0019] Step 1: Select the dock type and location according to the CB / T8524 "Dry Dock Design Specifications" standard. Determine the location and area of ​​the dock lift area, the spacing of the entire array of lift docks, the maximum lift height, and the maximum support force of a single dock pier based on the dock size and the size of the planned docked ship, displacement, safety distance, and the minimum distance between the ship bottom and the dock.

[0020] Step 2: Position the installation plate reinforcement structure and embedded parts, reserve the dock lift area and the positions of each piping system, cast the dry dock structure, and proceed to the next installation after the dry dock structure hardens;

[0021] Step 3: Pre-lay the hydraulic pipe according to the preset pipeline route. The hydraulic pipe route is located in the gap between the lifting docks. One end of the hydraulic pipe extends to the shore area and is connected to the control unit. The other end is connected to the lifting dock to be installed.

[0022] Step 4: Select the starting point of the lifting dock and install the pier. Position the first lifting dock connection flange in the embedded part. Adjust the installation height of the lifting dock to be flush with the dock chamber surface. Adjust the lifting dock to be perpendicular to the dock chamber surface. After the lifting dock is positioned, pre-tighten the embedded fasteners. After the lifting dock is positioned, connect the hydraulic pipes to it.

[0023] Step 5: Use the same method to position and install several adjacent lift docks. After the adjacent lift docks are positioned and tightened and the hydraulic pipes are installed, insert the rib reinforcement structure from above between the two lift docks or between the lift dock and the plate reinforcement structure. Adjust the gap between the rib reinforcement structure and the cylinder body or plate reinforcement structure, and adjust the height of the rib reinforcement structure from the dock chamber surface to L. Intermittently spot weld the rib reinforcement structure to the cylinder body or plate reinforcement structure to form a rigid whole.

[0024] Step 6: Use the same method to position and install all the lifting docks in sequence, pre-tighten the embedded fasteners, connect the hydraulic oil pipes, and spot weld the positioning rib reinforcement structure so that all the lifting docks are installed according to the predetermined matrix coordinates in the dock lift area. The rib reinforcement structure connects each lifting dock and extends to the plate reinforcement structure.

[0025] Step 7: Start the shore power unit and operate the shore control unit, debug the predetermined functions of each lifting dock through the control unit, and correct the lifting dock that does not achieve the predetermined function;

[0026] Step 8: After the lifting dock meets the expected function, fully tighten the embedded fasteners, increase the welding joints between the rib reinforcement structure and the cylinder body or plate reinforcement structure to meet the predetermined requirements; install the tube reinforcement structure so that the tube reinforcement structure is smoothly nested in the supporting elastic body cylinder, and weld the tube reinforcement structure to the upper part of the rib reinforcement structure and the shoulder of the rib reinforcement structure, so that the tube reinforcement structure, the rib reinforcement structure, the cylinder body, and the plate reinforcement structure form a rigid whole;

[0027] Step 9: Continuously pour high-strength, low-density filling material in the dock lifting area to a distance L from the dock surface. The high-strength, low-density filling material fills all gaps in the entire lifting area. After the filling material is fully solidified, perform a hydraulic system strength test.

[0028] Step 10: Use the support force equivalent pressure method to conduct a hydraulic system pressure strength test, repair the hydraulic system leakage points, and make the hydraulic system pressure strength meet the design support force of the lifting dock;

[0029] Step 11: Continuously pour high-strength and dense filling material in the dock chamber lifting area until it is flush with the dock chamber surface. At this point, the dock with a lifting dock pier has all the functions of a traditional dock pier when the piston rod is retracted, and efficient dry docking of the ship can be achieved by controlling the lifting and lowering of the lifting dock pier.

[0030] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] (1) Compared with traditional cement, steel frame or wooden docks, fixed matrix lifting docks do not require transportation and arrangement. They can be pre-programmed to automatically analyze and calculate the dock arrangement plan based on the characteristics of the ship type, thus reducing the arrangement time and improving the dry dock utilization rate.

[0032] (2) The dock with a lifting pier device can realize the pier arrangement when the dock is filled with water, shortening the pier arrangement time, eliminating the time of draining water before pier arrangement and filling water in the dock after pier arrangement, and improving the dry dock utilization rate.

[0033] (3) The dock with a lifting dock device can realize the distribution of dock support force. Compared with the traditional dock support, the hull structure is more evenly stressed, the hull is less deformed after dry docking, and the dimensional accuracy of the hull structure is improved.

[0034] (4) The dock of the lifting dock device improves the relative position accuracy of the hull pier by adjusting the lifting and lowering sequence of the lifting dock pier

[0035] (5) The dock with a lifting dock pier device is compatible with the various functions of a traditional dry dock, can realize all the functions of a traditional dry dock pier, expand the scope of applicable ship types, and improve economic benefits.

[0036] (6) The dock with a lifting dock device can realize the distribution of dock support force and improve the matching accuracy between the dock line shape and the hull structure line shape.

[0037] (7) After the dock is dry-docked, the dock with a lifting pier device can be partially lowered in rotation to repair the paint of the supporting parts in sequence. The hull structure that cannot be repaired by the traditional fixed pier support parts can be repaired, thereby increasing the proportion of the hull structure paint repair area.

[0038] (8) The dock with a lifting pier device can remotely control the pier arrangement in the shore area to improve the working environment of personnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the dry dock layout;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a partial plan view of the dock lift area;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the partial AA section of the dock lift area;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the partial plane BB section of the dock lift area;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the partial plane AA section A-1 of the dock lift area;

[0044] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the partial plane AA section A-2 of the dock lift area;

[0045] Figure 7 This is the main view of the lifting dock;

[0046] Figure 8 This is the left view of the lifting dock pier;

[0047] Figure 9 It is the main view of the rib-reinforced structure style;

[0048] Figure 10 It is the left view of the rib-reinforced structure style;

[0049] Figure 11 It is a top view of the rib-reinforced structure style;

[0050] Figure 12 It is a flow chart of the installation method of the present invention;

[0051] Explanation of the numbers in the figure: 1. Dry dock structure; 11. Side wall bottom structure; 12. Working area bottom structure; 13. Lifting dock area bottom structure; 14. Embedded parts; 15. Dock side wall structure; 16. Dock bow structure; 17. Embedded parts and fasteners 2. Working area; 21. Shore area; 22. Dock chamber fixed area; 23. Dock chamber lifting area; 23. Flat bottom contour line; 232. Waterline contour line; 3. Lifting dock column number; 31. Longitudinal column number; 32. Transverse column number; 4. Lifting dock; 41. Cylinder body; 42. Cylinder piston rod; 43. Connecting flange; 44. Support elastic body; 45. Limit spring; 46. Support elastic body Fork; 47. Piston rod eye plate; 48. Pin; 49. Control unit; 5. Reinforcement structure; 51. Rib reinforcement structure; 511. Upper part of rib reinforcement structure; 512. Shoulder of rib reinforcement structure; 513. Main body of rib reinforcement structure; 52. Cylinder reinforcement structure; 53. Plate reinforcement structure; 6. Filling material; 61. High-strength, low-density filling material; 62. High-strength, dense filling material; 7. Onshore unit; 71. Onshore control unit; 72. Onshore power unit; 8. Hydraulic pipe; 81. Hydraulic pipe A; 82. Hydraulic pipe B; FR. Longitudinal spacing of lifting dock piers; L. Transverse spacing of lifting dock piers; L21. Height of cylinder reinforcement structure 52; L22. Minimum operating height for replacing seals of cylinder body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0053] like Figure 1As shown, a dry dock with a lifting dock device according to the present invention includes a dry dock structure 1, lifting dock piers 4, a reinforcement structure 5, filling material 6, an onshore unit 7, hydraulic pipes 8, and a dock door 9. The dry dock structure complies with CB / T8524, the "Dry Dock Design Specification." Based on the dock's location and functional operating area 2, the dry dock is divided into a shore area 21, a fixed dock area 22, and a dock lifting area 23. The shore area 21 and the fixed dock area 22 are similar to those of a traditional dry dock. Several lifting dock piers 4 are arranged in a matrix within the dock lifting area 23. The lifting dock pier columns are numbered 3 to facilitate recording the position coordinates of each lifting dock pier 4.

[0054] like Figures 2 to 6 As shown, the dry dock structure 1 consists of a sidewall bottom structure 11, an operating area bottom structure 12, a lifting dock area bottom structure 13, a dock sidewall structure 15, and a dock bow structure 16. According to specifications, the dry dock structure 1 is generally constructed by continuously casting a reinforced concrete frame and a concrete structure, meeting design specification requirements. A certain number of embedded components 14 are cast together with the dry dock structure 1 according to the arrangement of the lifting dock 4. A plate reinforcement structure 53 is provided at the interface between the dock chamber fixed area 22 and the dock chamber lifting area 23. The plate reinforcement structure 53 is cast together with the dry dock structure 1. The embedded components 14 and the plate reinforcement structure 53 are preferably made of corrosion-resistant metal. While meeting strength requirements, they can be easily connected to the lifting dock 4 fasteners and the rib reinforcement structure 51 by welding, ensuring a rigid connection between all parts of the dock and ensuring overall rigidity.

[0055] The operation area 2 consists of the shore area 21, the dock fixed area 22, and the dock lifting area 23. The shore area 21 and the dock fixed area 22 are similar to traditional dry docks and are used for the passage of vehicles and personnel. The dock fixed area 22 and the dock lifting area 23 are separated by a plate reinforcement structure 53. According to the specifications and actual use, after the ship enters the dock, a distance of several meters is left from the dock side wall structure 15, and as Figure 1 As shown, most of the force of the ship's landing is supported by the dock piers within the flat bottom contour line 231, and a small part of the force is supported by the dock piers between the waterline contour line 232 and the flat bottom contour line 231. Therefore, the dock chamber lifting area 23 is in the middle position relative to the entire dry dock, so that a smaller number of lifting dock piers can support the ships allowed to enter the dock.

[0056] like Figure 1As shown, the coordinates of the lifting dock matrix are numbered. Numbering facilitates clear and accurate identification of the target dock. The lifting dock is numbered 31 longitudinally along the longitudinal direction of the dock, and 32 transversely along the transverse direction of the dock. The starting zero position of the longitudinal column 31 should overlap with the dock centerline, and the columns are arranged in sequence from zero to both sides. The transverse column 32 starts from the dock bow and extends to the dock stern. According to relevant ship docking regulations, the hull centerline should coincide with the dock centerline. The starting zero position of the longitudinal column 31 should overlap with the dock centerline, and then coincide with the hull centerline. The transverse column 32 corresponds to the hull rib number. This ensures that the lifting dock 4 that needs to be executed corresponds to the main load-bearing structure of the hull, improving the accuracy of the lifting dock 4 supporting the target position of the hull.

[0057] like Figure 7As shown in Figure 8, a single lifting dock 4 consists of a piston cylinder 41, a piston rod 42, a connecting flange 43, a supporting elastic body 44, a limit spring 45, a supporting elastic body fork 46, a piston rod eye plate 47, a pin 48, and a control unit 49. The lifting dock 4 can be raised or lowered by a hydraulic, electric, or other power source. This invention uses a hydraulic power source as an example to illustrate the functionality of the lifting dock 4. The piston rod 42 moves within the piston cylinder 41 under hydraulic drive. By leveraging the incompressibility of the fluid, the hydraulic pressure is maintained, allowing the piston rod 42 to maintain its relative position under load after extension. The connecting flange 43 is fixedly connected to the embedded component 14 via the embedded component fastener 17. The cylindrical supporting elastic body 44 has an embedded fork 46. The supporting elastic body 44 is preferably made of a material that is lower in hardness than the hull plating and more resistant to pressure, such as hard rubber. The lower hardness prevents damage to the hull plating paint when in contact with the hull plating, and the pressure-resistant material maintains the shape and position stability of the supporting elastic body 44 under pressure. The diameter of the support elastomer 44 is appropriately larger than that of the cylinder body 41 to allow replacement of the seal of the cylinder body 41 without damaging the filling material 61. The protruding end of the piston rod 42 is provided with an eye plate 47. The support elastomer fork 46 and the piston rod eye plate 47 are hingedly connected by a pin 48, allowing the support elastomer 44 to rotate relative to the piston rod 42. As shown in the figure, the symmetrical limit spring 45 is connected at one end to the edge of the support elastomer 44 and at the other end to both sides of the support elastomer fork 46. When the limit spring 45 is symmetrically installed, appropriate pre-tensioning force is applied to keep the support elastomer 44 in a relatively vertical state at all times in the free state. The control unit 49 has the functions of controlling and monitoring the flow rate within the piston body 41, as well as regulating and monitoring the pressure. It can realize the lifting and lowering of a single lifting dock and the collection and control of the dock support pressure. The lifting height and the adjustment of the dock support pressure can be precisely controlled by the flow valve. When the supporting elastic body 44 that is hingedly connected in a vertical position is in the area of ​​the flat bottom contour line 231, it can directly contact the outer surface of the hull. When the supporting elastic body 44 that is hingedly connected in a vertical position is in the area of ​​the flat bottom contour line 231 and the waterline contour line 232, it can adapt to the linear shape of the hull's outer plate by rotating under pressure and contact the outer surface of the hull. According to professional common sense, when the dock is filled with water, the piston rod 42 is watertight when moving in the piston cylinder 41, and the lifting dock 4 has the function of lifting and lowering when the dock is filled with water, realizing the pier arrangement operation without draining the dock chamber. The lifting dock 4 has independent lifting scale control and precise pressure control, realizing the high-precision adaptation of the dry dock pier function of ships of different types and linear shapes.

[0058] like Figure 2 、 3As shown in Figures 4, 5, 9, 10, and 11, the reinforcement structure 5 consists of a rib reinforcement structure 51, a tube reinforcement structure 52, and a plate reinforcement structure 53. The plate reinforcement structure 53 is divided into an upper portion 511 of the rib reinforcement structure, a shoulder portion 512 of the rib reinforcement structure, and a main portion 513 of the rib reinforcement structure. The plate reinforcement structure 53 is located at the interface between the dock fixed area 22 and the dock lifting area 23. The rib reinforcement structure 51 and the plate reinforcement structure 53 are welded together at the boundary of the lifting area 23. The main portion 513 of the plate reinforcement structure converges at the cylinder body 41 and is welded together with the cylinder body 41. The inner diameter of the tube reinforcement structure 52 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the supporting elastic body 44. The bottom of the tube reinforcement structure 52 is welded to the shoulder portion 512 of the rib reinforcement structure, and the side is welded to the upper portion 511 of the rib reinforcement structure. Thus, the cylinder body 41, the connecting flange 43, the rib reinforcement structure 51, the tube reinforcement structure 52, and the plate reinforcement structure 53 form a continuous spatial mesh metal frame structure in the lifting area 23. After the filling material 6 is poured, the frame structure can form a dock community with comparable strength together with the dock structure 1, providing sufficient rigidity for the ship to sit on.

[0059] The filling material 6 is composed of a high-strength low-density filling material 61 and a high-strength dense filling material 62. Figure 2 、 3 As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the filling material 61 is poured at the bottom of the dock lifting area 23, and the pouring height should be slightly lower than the upper end surface of the piston cylinder body 41 to facilitate the replacement of the end cover seal of the piston cylinder body 41. The pouring height of the filling material 61 should completely fill the hydraulic oil pipe 8 to avoid being squeezed and corroded by the filling material 62. The filling material 62 is poured on the top of the dock lifting area 23. The filling material 61 is preferably a high-strength and low-density material such as foamed resin, which is convenient for disassembly and repair when repairing the interior of the lifting dock. After solidification, it produces less squeezing force on the hydraulic pipe 8 and the cylinder body 41 and has a water-proof and anti-corrosion effect. The material of the filling material 62 is preferably the same as the dock structure, such as hydraulic concrete. The performance of hydraulic concrete is the same as that of the traditional dock structure and can be used stably.

[0060] The hydraulic pipe 8 consists of two parts: hydraulic pipe A 81 and hydraulic pipe B 82. One end of the hydraulic pipe A 81 is connected to the bottom of the cylinder body 41, and the other end is connected to the control unit 49 to execute the extension of the cylinder piston rod 42. One end of the hydraulic pipe B 82 is connected to the upper part of the cylinder body 41, and the other end is connected to the control unit 49 to execute the retraction of the cylinder piston rod 42. After passing through the control unit 49, the hydraulic pipe 8 is connected to the main hydraulic pipeline on the shore power unit 72. The shore control unit 71 centrally pre-programs the operation of each control unit 49, and further continuously controls the raising and lowering of the piston rod 42 through the hydraulic pipe 8. Figure 3 、 4As shown in Figures 5 and 6, each lifting dock pier 4 is independently connected to a hydraulic pipe A 81 and a hydraulic pipe B 82. The hydraulic pipe A 81 and the hydraulic pipe B 82 are gathered and bundled at the bottom of the dock lifting area 23, pass through the rib reinforcement structure 51 and the reserved space at the bottom of the dock lifting area 23, and extend to the shore area 21. The control unit 49 is located in the shore area 21 for easy inspection, maintenance and calibration, so as to improve the reliability of the functions of the dock lifting area 23.

[0061] like Figure 2 、 3 As shown in FIG4 , the installation position of the tube reinforcement structure 52, the installation position of the lifting dock 4 in the retracted state, and the pouring height of the filling material 62 are flush with the dock chamber fixed area 22. When the lifting dock 4 is in the retracted state, the entire dock has the functions of a traditional dock.

[0062] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 As shown, the flat keel of the vessel is a continuous structure from bow to stern, horizontal in the midship section. The support elastic bodies 44 in the numbered longitudinal rows midship primarily move in a bow-to-stern direction. Therefore, the piston rod eye plates 47 of the lift dock piers 4 in and near longitudinal rows 0 are axially parallel to the bow face. The linear transition from the midship plane to the curved lines on either side of the hull changes. The support elastic bodies 44 in the numbered transverse rows primarily move in a port-to-starboard direction. Therefore, the piston rod eye plates 47 away from the lift dock pier 4 in longitudinal row 0 are axially perpendicular to the bow face. The precise positioning of the vessel's dock is achieved through the lifting and lowering dimensions of the piston rod 42 and the conformal rotation of the support elastic bodies 44.

[0063] like Figure 7 As shown in Figure 8, the longitudinal row spacing of the lifting dock piers 4 matrix is ​​L, and the transverse row spacing is FR. The preferred dimension L is the same as or similar to the distance between the ship's longitudinal framework, and the preferred dimension FR is the same as or similar to the distance between the ship's ribs. The spacing between the lifting dock piers 4 is the same as or similar to the spacing between the hull longitudinals or ribs. This ensures that the supporting force of the lifting dock piers 4 is applied at the intersection of the hull's strong framework, preventing deformation of the contact areas of the hull structure while providing sufficient support to the hull. Because the spacing between the longitudinals or ribs varies between different ships, before the ship is docked, the onshore unit 7 calculates the matching relationship between the spacing between the longitudinals or ribs of the pre-docked ship and the lifting dock piers 4, and determines the extension dimension and support force of the lifting dock piers 4 at each coordinate position. This ensures that the lifting dock piers 4 provide strong support at the outer plating at the intersection of the hull framework. Weak support is provided to the outer plating lifting dock piers 4 at the gaps between the hull framework grid and the lifting dock piers 4 at the outer plating along the hull line. The onshore unit 7 analyzes and calculates the linear characteristics of the hull structure, adjusts the flow and pressure of each control unit 49, and realizes the adaptation of the lifting dock pier 4 matrix to ships with different hull structures.

[0064] like Figure 2 、 3 As shown, when the tube reinforcement structure 52, the filling material 62, and the retracted dock lifting pier 4 of the dock structure provided by the present invention are flush with the dock chamber floor, it meets the requirements of the traditional dry dock dock chamber surface, has various functions of the traditional dry dock, and has good compatibility.

[0065] like Figure 12 As shown, a dry dock installation method with a lifting dock device of the present invention has the following installation steps:

[0066] S1: Select the appropriate dock type and location according to CB / T8524 "Dry Dock Design Specifications." Determine the location and area of ​​the dock lift area, the spacing of the entire array of lift piers, the maximum lift height, and the maximum support capacity of a single pier based on the dock size and the intended vessel dimensions, displacement, safety distance, and minimum distance between the ship bottom and the dock.

[0067] S2: Position and install the plate reinforcement structure 5 and embedded parts 14, reserve the dock lift area 23 and the positions of each piping system, and cast the dry dock structure 1. After the dry dock structure 1 hardens, proceed to the next installation step.

[0068] S3: pre-lay the hydraulic pipe 8 according to the preset pipeline direction, and the hydraulic pipe 8 is located in the gap between the lifting docks, such as Figure 3 、 4 As shown in , 6, one end of the hydraulic pipe 8 extends to the shore area 21 and is connected to the control unit 49, and the other end is to the side of the lifting dock 4 to be installed.

[0069] S4: Select the starting point for the lift dock 4 installation. Position the first lift dock connection flange 43 within the embedded component 14. Adjust the installation height of the lift dock 4 to be flush with the docking chamber surface, and adjust the lift dock 4 to be perpendicular to the docking chamber surface. After the lift dock 4 is positioned, pre-tighten the embedded component fasteners 17. After the lift dock 4 is positioned, connect the hydraulic pipes A 81 and B 82 to it.

[0070] S5: Using the same method, position and install several adjacent lift docks 4. After the adjacent lift docks 4 are positioned and secured, and hydraulic pipes 8 are installed, insert the rib reinforcement structure 51 from above between two lift docks 4 or between a lift dock 4 and the plate reinforcement structure 53. Adjust the gap between the rib reinforcement structure 51 and the cylinder body 41 or the plate reinforcement structure 53, and adjust the height of the rib reinforcement structure 51 from the dock chamber surface to L21 with the cylinder reinforcement structure 52. Intermittent spot welding is used to securely connect the rib reinforcement structure 51 to the cylinder body 41 or the plate reinforcement structure 53, forming a rigid, integral unit.

[0071] S6: Using the same method, all the lifting docks 4 are positioned and installed in sequence, the embedded fasteners 17 are pre-tightened, the hydraulic oil pipes 8 are connected, and the positioning rib reinforcement structure 51 is spot welded, so that all the lifting docks 4 are installed in the dock lifting area 23 according to the predetermined matrix coordinates. The rib reinforcement structure 51 connects each lifting dock 4 and extends to the plate reinforcement structure 53.

[0072] S7: Start the onshore power unit 72, operate the onshore control unit 71, and debug the predetermined functions of each lifting dock 4 through the control unit 49. Correct the lifting dock 4 that does not achieve the predetermined function.

[0073] S8: After the lifting dock 4 has completed its intended function, the embedded fasteners 17 are fully tightened, and the welded joints between the rib reinforcement structure 51 and the cylinder body 41 or the plate reinforcement structure 53 are increased to meet the intended requirements. The cylinder reinforcement structure 52 is installed so that it fits smoothly within the cylindrical support elastic body 44. The cylinder reinforcement structure 52 is welded and fixed to the rib reinforcement structure upper portion 511 and the rib reinforcement structure shoulder 512, forming a rigid integral body with the rib reinforcement structure 51, the cylinder body 41, and the plate reinforcement structure 53.

[0074] S9: Continuously pour high-strength, low-density filling material 61 in the dock lifting area 23 to a distance L22 from the dock surface. The high-strength, low-density filling material 61 fills all gaps in the entire lifting area 23. After the filling material 61 is fully solidified, a hydraulic system strength test is performed.

[0075] S10: Use the support force equivalent pressure method and other methods to conduct a pressure strength test on the hydraulic system, repair the leakage points of the hydraulic system, and make the pressure strength of the hydraulic system meet the design support force of the lifting dock pier 4.

[0076] S11: Continuously pour high-strength, dense filling material 62 into the dock chamber lifting area 23 until it is flush with the dock chamber surface. The dock with the lifting dock pier 4 now has all the functions of a conventional dock when the piston rod 42 is retracted. By controlling the lifting and lowering of the lifting dock pier 4, efficient dry docking of ships is achieved.

Claims

1. A dry dock with a lifting dock device, characterized in that: The dry dock structure includes a lifting dock, reinforcements, filling materials, shore units, hydraulic pipes, and dock doors. A lifting area is located in the middle of the dry dock, with several lifting docks arranged in a matrix. A reinforcement structure is installed between the lifting area and the fixed area. The plate reinforcement structure in the reinforcement structure is cast together with the dry dock structure to form a fixed matrix of lifting docks. The onshore unit is connected to several lifting docks through a control unit, which is used to remotely control the lifting scale and precise pressure of each lifting dock, so as to realize high-precision adaptation to the dry docking function of ships of different types and linear shapes; a single lifting dock is composed of a piston cylinder, a piston rod, a connecting flange, a supporting elastic body, a limit spring, a supporting elastic body fork, a piston rod eye plate, a pin, and a control unit. The piston rod can move in the piston cylinder under hydraulic drive, and the connecting flange is fixedly connected to the embedded parts by embedded parts fasteners. The cylindrical supporting elastic body is embedded with a fork, and the protruding end of the piston rod is provided with an eye plate. The supporting elastic body fork and the piston rod eye plate are hingedly connected by a pin, and the supporting elastic body can rotate relative to the piston rod. The symmetrical limit springs on both sides are connected to the edge of the supporting elastic body at one end and to both sides of the supporting elastic body fork at the other end. The control unit is used to control and monitor the flow in the piston cylinder, and the pressure regulation and monitoring functions, so as to realize the lifting and lowering of a single lifting dock and the collection and control of the dock support pressure, and accurately control the lifting height and the adjustment of the dock support pressure through the flow valve.

2. The dry dock with a lifting dock device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dry dock structure consists of a side wall bottom structure part, an operating area bottom structure part, a lifting dock area bottom structure part, a dock side wall structure part, and a dock bow structure part. The dry dock structure is formed by continuously casting a steel frame and a concrete structure. Multiple embedded parts are cast together with the dry dock structure according to the arrangement position set by the lifting dock.

3. The dry dock with a lifting dock device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The embedded parts and plate reinforcement structure are made of corrosion-resistant metal materials, which can be easily connected with the lifting dock pier fasteners and the rib reinforcement structure by welding under the condition of meeting the strength requirements, so as to realize the rigid connection of various parts of the dock and ensure the overall rigidity.

4. The dry dock with a lifting dock device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting elastomer is made of a material that is less hard than the hull plate and more resistant to pressure, so as to avoid damaging the outer plate paint when in contact with the outer plate of the hull. The pressure-resistant material can maintain the compressed shape and position stability of the supporting elastomer; the diameter of the supporting elastomer is larger than the diameter of the cylinder body, so as to realize the replacement of the cylinder body seal without damaging the filling material; the limit spring applies a pre-tensioning force when symmetrically installed, so that the supporting elastomer always maintains a relatively vertical state in the free state.

5. The dry dock with a lifting dock device according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the supporting elastic body that is hingedly connected in a vertical position is within the flat bottom contour line area, it can directly contact the outer surface of the hull outer plate; when the supporting elastic body that is hingedly connected in a vertical position is within the flat bottom contour line and the waterline contour line area, it can adapt to the line shape of the hull outer plate by rotating under pressure and contact the outer surface of the hull outer plate.

6. The dry dock with a lifting dock device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforcement structure is composed of a rib reinforcement structure, a tube reinforcement structure, and a plate reinforcement structure. The plate reinforcement structure is divided into an upper part of the rib reinforcement structure, a shoulder of the rib reinforcement structure, and a main body of the rib reinforcement structure. The plate reinforcement structure is located at the interface between the fixed area of ​​the dock chamber and the lifting area of ​​the dock chamber. The rib reinforcement structure and the plate reinforcement structure are welded together at the boundary of the lifting area. The main body of the plate reinforcement structure converges at the cylinder body and is welded together with the cylinder body. The inner hole diameter of the tube reinforcement structure is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the supporting elastomer. The bottom of the tube reinforcement structure is welded to the shoulder of the rib reinforcement structure, and the side is welded to the upper part of the rib reinforcement structure, so that the cylinder body, the connecting flange, the rib reinforcement structure, the tube reinforcement structure, and the plate reinforcement structure form a continuous spatial mesh metal frame structure in the lifting area. After the filling material is poured, the frame structure forms a dock community with comparable strength together with the dock structure, providing sufficient rigidity for the ship to sit on the pier.

7. The dry dock with a lifting dock device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filling material consists of high-strength, low-density filling material and high-strength, dense filling material. The high-strength, low-density filling material is poured at the bottom of the dock lifting area. The pouring height is lower than the upper end face of the piston cylinder, which is convenient for replacing the piston cylinder end cover seal. The pouring height of the high-strength, low-density filling material can completely fill the hydraulic oil pipe to avoid being squeezed and corroded by the filling material; the high-strength, dense filling material is poured at the top of the dock lifting area.

8. The dry dock with a lifting dock device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic pipe includes two parts, hydraulic pipe A and hydraulic pipe B. One end of hydraulic pipe A is connected to the bottom of the cylinder body, and the other end is connected to the control unit to execute the extension of the cylinder piston rod; one end of hydraulic pipe B is connected to the upper part of the cylinder body, and the other end is connected to the control unit to execute the retraction of the cylinder piston rod; the hydraulic pipe is connected to the main hydraulic pipeline on the shore power unit through the control unit. The shore control unit centrally pre-programs the operation of each control unit. Each lifting dock pier is independently connected to hydraulic pipe A and hydraulic pipe B. Hydraulic pipe A and hydraulic pipe B are gathered and bundled at the bottom of the dock lifting area, pass through the rib reinforcement structure and the reserved space at the bottom of the dock lifting area, and extend to the shore area. The control unit is located in the shore area for easy inspection, maintenance and calibration, so as to improve the reliability of the dock lifting area function.

9. The dry dock with a lifting dock device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The longitudinal column spacing of the matrix of the lifting dock piers is the same as or similar to the longitudinal frame spacing of the ship, and the transverse column spacing is the same as or similar to the rib spacing of the ship, so that the supporting force application point of the lifting dock piers is at the intersection of the strong frame of the hull structure, avoiding deformation of the contact parts of the hull structure while providing sufficient supporting force to the hull.

10. The dry dock with a lifting dock device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before the ship is docked, the onshore unit calculates the matching relationship between the spacing between the longitudinal bones or ribs of the pre-docked ship and the lifting dock piers, and gives the protruding size and supporting force of the lifting dock piers at each coordinate position, so as to provide strong supporting force for the lifting dock piers at the outer plate at the intersection of the hull frame; while providing weak supporting force for the lifting dock piers at the outer plate gaps at the intersection of the hull frame, and providing lateral position retention force for the lifting dock piers at the outer plate at the hull line; through the onshore unit analyzing and calculating the linear characteristics of the hull structure, the flow and pressure of each control unit are adjusted to achieve the adaptation of the lifting dock pier matrix to ships with different hull structures.

11. A method for installing a dry dock with a lifting dock device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The installation steps are as follows: Step 1: Select the dock type and location according to the CB / T8524 "Dry Dock Design Specifications". Determine the location and area of ​​the dock lift area, the spacing of the entire array of lift docks, the maximum lift height, and the maximum support force of a single dock pier based on the dock size and the size of the planned docked ship, displacement, safety distance, and minimum distance between the ship bottom and the dock. Step 2: Position the installation plate reinforcement structure and embedded parts, reserve the dock lift area and the positions of each piping system, cast the dry dock structure, and proceed to the next installation after the dry dock structure hardens; Step 3: Pre-lay the hydraulic pipe according to the preset pipeline route. The hydraulic pipe route is located in the gap between the lifting docks. One end of the hydraulic pipe extends to the shore area and is connected to the control unit. The other end is connected to the lifting dock to be installed. Step 4: Select the starting point of the lifting dock and install the pier. Position the first lifting dock connection flange in the embedded part. Adjust the installation height of the lifting dock to be flush with the dock chamber surface. Adjust the lifting dock to be perpendicular to the dock chamber surface. After the lifting dock is positioned, pre-tighten the embedded fasteners. After the lifting dock is positioned, connect the hydraulic pipes to it. Step 5: Use the same method to position and install several lifting docks adjacent to the first lifting dock. After the adjacent lifting docks are positioned and tightened and the hydraulic pipes are installed, insert the rib reinforcement structure from the top between the two lifting docks or between the lifting dock and the plate reinforcement structure, adjust the gap between the rib reinforcement structure and the cylinder body or the plate reinforcement structure, and adjust the height of the rib reinforcement structure from the dock chamber surface to L with the cylinder reinforcement structure. Intermittent spot welding is used to fix the rib reinforcement structure and the cylinder body or the plate reinforcement structure to form a rigid whole. Step 6: Use the same method to position and install all the lifting docks in sequence, pre-tighten the embedded fasteners, connect the hydraulic oil pipes, and spot weld the positioning rib reinforcement structure so that all the lifting docks are installed according to the predetermined matrix coordinates in the dock lift area. The rib reinforcement structure connects each lifting dock and extends to the plate reinforcement structure. Step 7: Start the shore power unit and operate the shore control unit, debug the predetermined functions of each lifting dock through the control unit, and correct the lifting dock that does not achieve the predetermined function; Step 8: After the lifting dock meets the expected function, fully tighten the embedded fasteners, increase the welding joints between the rib reinforcement structure and the cylinder body or plate reinforcement structure to meet the predetermined requirements; install the tube reinforcement structure so that the tube reinforcement structure is smoothly nested in the supporting elastic body cylinder, and weld the tube reinforcement structure to the upper part of the rib reinforcement structure and the shoulder of the rib reinforcement structure, so that the tube reinforcement structure, the rib reinforcement structure, the cylinder body, and the plate reinforcement structure form a rigid whole; Step 9: Continuously pour high-strength, low-density filling material in the dock lift area to a distance L from the dock surface. The high-strength, low-density filling material fills all gaps in the entire lift area. After the filling material is fully solidified, perform a hydraulic system strength test. Step 10: Use the support force equivalent pressure method to conduct a hydraulic system pressure strength test, repair the hydraulic system leakage points, and make the hydraulic system pressure strength meet the design support force of the lifting dock; Step 11: Continuously pour high-strength and dense filling material in the dock chamber lifting area until it is flush with the dock chamber surface. At this point, the dock with a lifting dock pier has all the functions of a traditional dock pier when the piston rod is retracted, and efficient dry docking of the ship can be achieved by controlling the lifting and lowering of the lifting dock pier.

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