Plasma ice layer drill bit

Abstract

This invention discloses a plasma ice layer drill bit, relating to the field of drilling equipment technology. It includes a housing and a drilling mechanism, with the drilling mechanism located at the bottom of the housing. The drilling mechanism comprises a drill bit housing, a drive mechanism, an electrode disk, a water spraying mechanism, and a water suction mechanism. The drive mechanism is installed at the top inside the drill bit housing, and its telescopic rod is connected to the electrode disk. The electrode disk has a first row and a second row of cylindrical protrusions arranged in a ring on its surface. The drill bit housing has corresponding guide holes, with arc guide grooves between the guide holes. The water spraying mechanism is located between the first and second rows of cylindrical protrusions. A high-voltage electrode is located at the top of the first row of cylindrical protrusions, and a grounding electrode is located at the top of the second row of cylindrical protrusions. The water suction mechanism is located within the drill bit housing. This invention effectively prevents the electrodes of the plasma drill bit from colliding with the ice layer during drilling or insertion, thus improving the electrode's service life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of drilling equipment technology, and specifically relates to a plasma ice layer drill bit. Background Technology

[0002] Polar ice sheets are an important component of the global ice system, covering approximately 10% of the Earth's land area. Their main components, besides water, include dissolved chemical substances, solid dust particles, and gases. Obtaining polar ice cores is of great significance for paleoclimate change research, future climate change prediction, and environmental change analysis. Rapid drilling in the polar regions, with the installation of various monitoring instruments inside, is also crucial for studying the movement and changes of polar ice sheets, the temperature and pressure environment at the ice sheet's base, and geomagnetic properties.

[0003] The steam drills currently in use are fire-tube type steam drills, which are bulky, have long heating times, low thermal efficiency, cause significant pollution to the glacial environment, and pose certain safety hazards. These limitations restrict their application and scope, and also greatly restrict related scientific research in high-altitude areas.

[0004] Chinese invention patent CN111255375A discloses a plasma ice drill bit that uses high-temperature and high-pressure plasma to break and melt ice to achieve the purpose of drilling. However, this invention places the electrode directly at the bottom of the drill bit. After the drill bit is cored, it will repeatedly probe downwards or during the drilling process, and the drill bit will often collide with the ice, causing the electrode to deform or be damaged, thus reducing the service life of the electrode.

[0005] Therefore, how to provide a plasma ice layer drill bit that can effectively protect the electrodes has become a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a plasma ice layer drill bit. The present invention avoids electrode damage by setting a retractable electrode structure, and at the same time, the water suction mechanism can promptly suck away the water from the melting ice layer, avoiding seawater immersion and corrosion of the electrode or causing electrode short circuit.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a plasma ice layer drill bit, comprising a housing and a drilling mechanism, wherein the drilling mechanism is disposed at the bottom end of the housing, and the drilling mechanism includes a drill bit housing, a drive mechanism, an electrode disk, a water spraying mechanism, and a water suction mechanism. The drive mechanism is installed at the top end inside the drill bit housing, and the telescopic rod of the drive mechanism is drivenly connected to the electrode disk. The surface of the electrode disk is provided with a first row of cylindrical protrusions and a second row of cylindrical protrusions in a ring. The drill bit housing is provided with corresponding guide holes, and an arc guide groove is provided between the guide holes. The water spraying mechanism is disposed between the first row of cylindrical protrusions and the second row of cylindrical protrusions. A high-voltage electrode is disposed at the top end of the first row of cylindrical protrusions, and a grounding electrode is disposed at the top end of the second row of cylindrical protrusions. The water suction mechanism is disposed in the drill bit housing.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a water pumping mechanism, which is installed inside the housing. The water spraying mechanism and the water suction mechanism are both connected to the water pumping mechanism and are used to supply water for ionization to the drilling mechanism and to extract water formed by the melting of ice.

[0009] Furthermore, the water spraying mechanism includes a guide tube, a sealing head, and a first compression spring. The guide tube is disposed between the first row of cylindrical protrusions and the second row of cylindrical protrusions, and is connected to the water pumping mechanism. The sealing head is disposed at the top of the guide tube and is connected to the guide tube. The drill bit housing is correspondingly provided with a water guiding cavity, and the top of the water guiding cavity is provided with an atomizing groove. The guide tube slides and is restricted within the water guiding cavity. The first compression spring is disposed between the sealing head and the water guiding cavity, and abuts against the sealing head and the water guiding cavity respectively.

[0010] Furthermore, the water suction mechanism includes a water suction pipe, a connecting block, and a second compression spring. The connecting block is slidably restricted within the drill bit housing. One end of the connecting block is connected to the water suction pipe, which is connected to the water pumping mechanism. The other end of the connecting block is provided with a second compression spring.

[0011] Furthermore, the water suction mechanism also includes a wedge-shaped telescopic block, a toggle block, and a wedge-shaped stop block. The wedge-shaped telescopic block is disposed on one side of the connecting block. The drill bit housing has a longitudinal groove corresponding to the wedge-shaped telescopic block. The toggle block is disposed on the electrode plate for toggle the wedge-shaped telescopic block. The wedge-shaped stop block is disposed at the top of the groove in the drill bit housing.

[0012] Furthermore, the wedge-shaped telescopic block includes a third compression spring and a wedge-shaped block. A limiting groove is provided in the connecting block. The wedge-shaped block is slidably disposed in the limiting groove. The third compression spring is disposed in the limiting groove and abuts against the wedge-shaped block.

[0013] Furthermore, the drilling mechanism also includes an electrical structure, which is fixedly connected to the housing and is used to transmit high-voltage pulse current to the electrode disk.

[0014] Furthermore, the drill bit housing is a hollow cylinder, and an ice core cutter is provided inside the hollow cylinder to cut off the ice core inside the hollow cylinder.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a liquid level sensor, which is located at the end of the housing near the ice surface to monitor the immersion depth of the plasma ice drill bit.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a water outlet chamber, which is located inside the shell, and a heating resistance wire is installed around the water storage chamber to prevent the water in the water storage chamber from freezing.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0018] 1. By retractably setting the electrode inside the drill bit housing, this invention avoids the electrode of the plasma drill bit from repeatedly probing down after core taking or from colliding with the ice layer during drilling in ice layers, thus providing a good protection effect for the electrode and improving its service life.

[0019] 2. The water suction tube of the present invention can extend when the electrode melts ice and press tightly against the surface of the ice layer to complete the water suction in the first time, avoiding short circuit of the electrode caused by excessive water accumulation at the drilling site. It can also retract into the drill bit housing when the water suction mechanism is not in use, avoiding damage to the water suction tube due to repeated drilling or collisions during drilling.

[0020] 3. The suction pipe of the present invention can extend when the drill bit detects water accumulation, and extends to its maximum length under the action of the second compression spring, so as to avoid the electrode being corroded by seawater immersion inside the drill bit, thereby indirectly improving the service life of the electrode. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the drilling mechanism of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the drilling mechanism of the present invention from another angle;

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of a portion of point A in the middle;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the drill bit housing structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the electrode disk structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the water absorption mechanism of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of a section at point B in the middle;

[0029] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the wedge-shaped stop structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the water suction pipe of the present invention.

[0031] In the diagram: 1-Shell; 2-Water storage tank; 3-Pumping mechanism; 4-Resistance wire; 5-Drill bit housing; 6-Electrical mechanism; 7-Drive mechanism; 8-Electrode disk; 9-First row of cylindrical protrusions; 10-Second row of cylindrical protrusions; 11-Arc guide groove; 12-High voltage electrode; 13-Grounding electrode; 14-Guide tube; 15-Sealing head; 16-First compression spring; 17-Water guiding cavity; 18-Atomizing groove; 19-Water suction pipe; 20-Connecting block; 21-Second compression spring; 22-Actuating block; 23-Wedge block; 24-Third compression spring; 25-Wedge stop; 26-Relief groove. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and "one side," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. The terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] like Figure 1-10As shown, this embodiment provides a plasma ice drill bit, including a housing 1, a water storage tank 2, a water pumping mechanism 3, a drilling mechanism, and a liquid level sensor. The water storage tank 2 is located inside the housing 1, and a heating resistance wire 4 is provided around the water storage tank 2 to prevent the water in the water storage tank 4 from freezing. The water pumping mechanism 3 is installed below the water storage tank 2 inside the housing 1 and is connected to the water storage tank 2. It is used to supply water for ionization to the drilling mechanism and to extract water formed by the melting of the ice layer. The drilling mechanism is located at the bottom of the housing 1, and the liquid level sensor is located at the end of the housing 1 near the ice surface to monitor the immersion depth of the plasma ice drill bit in water.

[0036] The drilling mechanism includes a drill bit housing 5, an electrical mechanism 6, a drive mechanism 7, an electrode disk 8, a water spraying mechanism, and a water suction mechanism. The water spraying and suction mechanisms are both connected to the water pumping mechanism 3. The electrical mechanism 6 is fixedly connected to the housing 1 and is used to transmit high-voltage pulse current to the electrode disk 8. The drill bit housing 5 has a hollow cylinder inside, and an ice core cutter (not shown in the figure) is installed inside the hollow cylinder to cut off the ice core inside the hollow cylinder. The drive mechanism 7 is installed at the top inside the drill bit housing 5. The drive mechanism 7 can be a double-stroke cylinder or a servo cylinder. In this embodiment, the drive mechanism 7 is a servo cylinder. The extension rod of the servo cylinder is driven by the electrode disk 8. The surface of the electrode disk 8 is provided with a first row of cylindrical protrusions 9 and a second row of cylindrical protrusions 10 in a ring. In this embodiment, the electrode disk 8 is made of insulating ceramic. The drill bit housing 5 is provided with guide holes, and an arc guide groove 11 is provided between the guide holes. The water spray mechanism is located between the first row of cylindrical protrusions 9 and the second row of cylindrical protrusions 10. A high-voltage electrode 12 is provided at the top of the first row of cylindrical protrusions 9, and a grounding electrode 13 is provided at the top of the second row of cylindrical protrusions 10. Both the high-voltage electrode 12 and the grounding electrode 13 are electrically connected to the electrical mechanism 6. An electric arc is generated between the high-voltage electrode 12 and the grounding electrode 13 through the electrical mechanism 6 for ionizing plasma.

[0037] The water spraying mechanism is installed in the drill bit housing 5. The water spraying mechanism includes a guide tube 14, a sealing head 15, and a first compression spring 16. The guide tube 14 is located between the first row of cylindrical protrusions 9 and the second row of cylindrical protrusions 10. The guide tube 14 is connected to the water pumping mechanism 3. The sealing head 15 is located at the top of the guide tube 14 and is connected to the guide tube 14. The drill bit housing 5 is correspondingly provided with a water guiding cavity 17. The top of the water guiding cavity 17 is provided with an atomizing groove 18. The guide tube 14 is slidably restricted in the water guiding cavity 17. The first compression spring 16 is located between the sealing head 15 and the water guiding cavity 17 and abuts against the sealing head 15 and the water guiding cavity 17 respectively. After the water in the water storage tank 4 is compressed by the water pumping mechanism 3, it is sprayed out through the atomizing groove 18 of the guide cavity. When it passes through the arc guide groove 11, it is ionized by the arc into high-temperature and high-pressure plasma. The high-temperature and high-pressure plasma breaks and melts the ice layer to achieve the purpose of drilling.

[0038] The water suction mechanism is spaced between the electrodes. The water suction mechanism includes a water suction pipe 19, a connecting block 20, and a second compression spring 21. The side of the water suction pipe 19 is provided with a water suction port. The connecting block 20 is slidably restricted in the drill bit housing 5. One end of the connecting block 20 is connected to the water suction pipe 19. The water suction pipe 19 is connected to the water pumping mechanism 3. The other end of the connecting block 20 is provided with the second compression spring 21. The second compression spring 21 can keep the water suction pipe 19 in the extended state at all times.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water suction mechanism further includes a wedge-shaped telescopic block, a toggle block 22, and a wedge-shaped stop block 25. The wedge-shaped telescopic block is disposed on one side of the connecting block 20. The wedge-shaped telescopic block includes a third compression spring 24 and a wedge-shaped block 23. A limiting groove is provided in the connecting block 20. The wedge-shaped block 23 is slidably disposed in the limiting groove with its inclined side facing upward. The third compression spring 24 is disposed in the limiting groove and abuts against the wedge-shaped block 23, so that the wedge-shaped block 23 is in an extended state. The drill bit housing 5 is longitudinally provided with a sliding groove corresponding to the wedge-shaped telescopic block. The toggle block 22 is disposed on the electrode disk 8 for toggle the wedge-shaped block 23. The wedge-shaped stop block 25 is disposed at the top of the sliding groove of the drill bit housing 5 with its inclined side facing downward. A clearance groove 26 is provided below the wedge-shaped stop block, which does not affect the movement of the toggle block 22. When the actuating block 22 descends with the electrode disk 8, it touches the wedge block 23. The wedge block 23 retracts to make way, allowing the actuating block 22 to pass. After the actuating block 22 passes, the wedge block 23 extends under the elastic force of the third compression spring 24. When the electrode disk 8 moves upward, the actuating block 22 will abut against the wedge block, causing the wedge block 23 to move upward, thereby causing the suction pipe 19 to retract into the drill bit housing 5. However, when the liquid level sensor still detects water in the drill hole of the ice layer, the extension rod of the servo cylinder retracts again, causing the wedge block 23 to touch the wedge stop 25 and retract. Meanwhile, the actuating block 22 continues to move upward without being blocked by the wedge stop 25. After the wedge block 23 disengages from the actuating block 22, the suction pipe 19 extends under the elastic force of the third compression spring 24, causing the suction pipe 19 to extend again to suck water.

[0040] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, any minor modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A plasma ice layer drill bit, characterized in that, The device includes a housing and a drilling mechanism. The drilling mechanism is located at the bottom of the housing and includes a drill bit housing, a drive mechanism, an electrode disk, a water spraying mechanism, and a water suction mechanism. The drive mechanism is installed at the top inside the drill bit housing, and its telescopic rod is connected to the electrode disk. The surface of the electrode disk is circumferentially provided with a first row of cylindrical protrusions and a second row of cylindrical protrusions. The drill bit housing is provided with corresponding guide holes, and an arc guide groove is provided between the guide holes. The water spraying mechanism is located between the first row of cylindrical protrusions and the second row of cylindrical protrusions. A high-voltage electrode is provided at the top of the first row of cylindrical protrusions, and a grounding electrode is provided at the top of the second row of cylindrical protrusions. The water suction mechanism is located inside the drill bit housing. It also includes a water pumping mechanism, which is installed inside the housing. The water spraying mechanism and the water suction mechanism are both connected to the water pumping mechanism and are used to supply water for ionization to the drilling mechanism and to extract water formed by the melting of ice. The water spraying mechanism includes a guide tube, a sealing head, and a first compression spring. The guide tube is disposed between the first row of cylindrical protrusions and the second row of cylindrical protrusions. The guide tube is connected to the water pumping mechanism. The sealing head is disposed at the top of the guide tube and is connected to the guide tube. The drill bit housing is correspondingly provided with a water guiding cavity. The top of the water guiding cavity is provided with an atomizing groove. The guide tube slides and is restricted within the water guiding cavity. The first compression spring is disposed between the sealing head and the water guiding cavity and abuts against the sealing head and the water guiding cavity respectively. The water suction mechanism includes a water suction pipe, a connecting block, and a second compression spring. The connecting block is slidably restricted in the drill bit housing. One end of the connecting block is connected to the water suction pipe, which is connected to the water pumping mechanism. The other end of the connecting block is provided with a second compression spring. The water suction mechanism also includes a wedge-shaped telescopic block, a toggle block, and a wedge-shaped stop block. The wedge-shaped telescopic block is disposed on one side of the connecting block. The drill bit housing has a longitudinal groove corresponding to the wedge-shaped telescopic block. The toggle block is disposed on the electrode plate and is used to toggle the wedge-shaped telescopic block. The wedge-shaped stop block is disposed at the top of the groove in the drill bit housing. The wedge-shaped telescopic block includes a third compression spring and a wedge-shaped block. A limit groove is provided in the connecting block. The wedge-shaped block is slidably disposed in the limit groove. The third compression spring is disposed in the limit groove and abuts against the wedge-shaped block.

2. The plasma ice layer drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drilling mechanism also includes an electrical structure, which is fixedly connected to the housing and is used to transmit high-voltage pulse current to the electrode disk.

3. The plasma ice layer drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drill bit housing is a hollow cylinder, and an ice core cutter is installed inside the hollow cylinder to cut off the ice core inside the hollow cylinder.

4. A plasma ice layer drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a liquid level sensor, which is located at the end of the housing near the ice surface, and is used to monitor the immersion depth of the plasma ice drill bit in water.

5. A plasma ice layer drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a water outlet chamber, which is located inside the shell. A heating resistance wire is installed around the water storage chamber to prevent the water in the water storage chamber from freezing.

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