Small sublevel open stope and caving with subsequent backfilling

Abstract

Small segment open stope and caving with subsequent filling combined method, according to the vertical direction arrangement stope, stope length is the thickness of ore body, determine the stope width; the stope surrounding goaf is treated with high strength tailings filling to improve the mining environment around the stope; in the vertical direction, the stope is divided into several small segments, small segment stoping and subsequent filling are used to improve the stability during the stope mining process; in each small segment, two steps are divided, first step is mined and filled, and then second step is mined and filled, after one step small segment blasting, remote control shovel loader enters the goaf, which can reduce the bottom ore drawing structure engineering and ensure the safety of the goaf ore drawing operation, the loose body on the side of the second step small segment is grouted and reinforced before small segment caving, and then small segment caving is used for backward mining, after the completion of the mining, the tailings cemented filling treatment is carried out, which can reduce the stope pillar loss and improve the ore recovery rate, reduce the mixing of loose body in the adjacent goaf during the stope mining, and reduce the consumption of large area grouting reinforcement materials, etc., thereby improving the economic benefits and other advantages.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal mining technology, and in particular to a method for combining small-segment open space and subsequent caving backfilling, which is suitable for safe, efficient, high-recovery-rate, and low-cost recovery of loose side ore bodies. Background Technology

[0002] When mining thick ore bodies (greater than 20m) with poor stability using the stope-filling method, the stopes are arranged vertically to the strike, with a length of 20-25m. If the first stope is mined but not yet filled, the roof or hanging wall may collapse, filling the goaf with waste rock. This makes efficient mining of adjacent stops difficult, resulting in significant resource waste and economic losses, especially for high-value deposits such as rare and precious metals. To address this, tailings are typically used to cement and fill the collapsed waste rock in the goaf, and then adjacent stops are mined under the protection of the filling. However, when the goaf is filled with fine-particle, clayey waste rock due to roof or hanging wall collapse, even high-strength tailings are insufficient to effectively cement the loose material. If grouting is used to reinforce the loose material and prevent its incorporation, the entire goaf needs to be grouted, which is extremely costly. Leaving a 6-8m stope to isolate the collapsed waste rock results in approximately 30-40% ore loss in adjacent stops, leading to poor economic returns.

[0003] The "Mining Method for Subdivided Ore Retention Stage with Subsurface Filling after Collapse" disclosed in CN 1018811169 A mainly aims to solve the problems of high ore loss and dilution rates, and surface protection, which easily lead to a large waste of mineral resources. It does not describe the mining problems of poor safety and high dilution in loose, thick, and fractured ore bodies.

[0004] CN 111779485 A discloses a "combined-hole segmented open-field subsequent backfilling mining method" to address the difficulties in controlling dilution losses and the inability to control ore grade when using segmented medium-deep hole subsequent backfilling mining methods in mining ore bodies with large variations in occurrence and dip angle. However, it does not describe the mining problems of poor safety and high dilution losses in loose, thick, and fractured ore bodies.

[0005] CN 110359914 B discloses a "safe and low-cost combined segmented mining method for gently dipping medium-thick ore bodies," which mainly aims to solve the problems of unsafe operation, large ore loss, large mining-to-cut ratio, and high mining cost in existing gently dipping medium-thick ore body mining technologies. It does not describe the problems of poor safety and high leaning loss in the mining of loose, thick, and fractured ore bodies.

[0006] Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a combination method of small-segment voids and subsequent collapse filling. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present application aims to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a high-efficiency dehydration method for mining a filling body by a route, which can reduce the loss of the ore pillar resources during the mining of the stope, improve the ore recovery rate of the stope, reduce the mixing of the loose body in the adjacent goaf into the ore of the stope during the mining of the stope, and the problems of large consumption of the grouting reinforcement material and high cost, thereby improving the economic benefits of the stope mining.

[0008] The present application aims to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a high-efficiency dehydration method for mining a filling body by a route, which can reduce the loss of the ore pillar resources during the mining of the stope, improve the ore recovery rate of the stope, reduce the mixing of the loose body in the adjacent goaf into the ore of the stope during the mining of the stope, and the problems of large consumption of the grouting reinforcement material and high cost, thereby improving the economic benefits of the stope mining.

[0009] The small-section open stope and subsequent filling combined method first arranges the stope according to the vertical direction, the length of the stope is the thickness of the ore body, and the width of the stope is determined, secondly, the tailings high-strength filling treatment is performed on the goaf around the stope, so as to transform the mining environment around the stope, and create a preliminary good surrounding environment for the safe, efficient and high recovery rate mining of the ore body, thirdly, the stope is divided into several small sections in the vertical direction, and the ore body is recovered from bottom to top, the small-section mining and subsequent filling are adopted to improve the stability during the mining of the stope, finally, two steps are divided in each small section, the side close to the loose body is two steps, and the other side is one step, the one step is mined and filled first, and then the two steps are mined and filled, which can reduce the influence of the adjacent loose body on the ore quantity, and reduce the dilution and loss, wherein the remote-controlled shovel truck is used to enter the goaf after the one-step small-section blasting, which can reduce the bottom ore removal structure engineering and ensure the safety of the ore removal operation under the goaf, the loose body on the side of the two-step small-section mining is grouted and reinforced, and then the small-section caving method is used for the backward mining, and the tailings cemented filling treatment is performed after the mining is completed, and the specific steps and conditions are as follows:

[0010] A. The tailings high-strength filling treatment is performed on the goaf with loose body around the stope, the strength of the high-strength filling body is 1.0-1.5 MPa, and the whole mining environment around the stope is transformed;

[0011] B. The stope is arranged according to the vertical direction, the length of the stope is the thickness of the ore body, the width is 20-25 m, the stope is divided into several small sections in the vertical direction, and the ore body is recovered from bottom to top, each section is divided into one step and two steps, and the length of each step is the thickness of the ore body;

[0012] C. The drill hole (5) is drilled and grouted in the vertical ore body direction, the cutting crossheading is constructed in the middle or end of the stope, and the cutting raise is constructed at one end of the cutting crossheading;

[0013] D. The one step is mined by the small-section open stope and subsequent filling method, the fan-shaped medium-deep hole (5) is drilled and grouted, the cutting raise is used as the free surface and compensation space to form the cutting groove, the positive row mining is performed with the cutting groove as the free surface and compensation space, the step distance of the caving is 3-4 rows, the backward mining is performed, after ventilation, the ore heap blasted down is removed by the shovel truck with a length of 1 m 3The remote control shovel loader enters the mined-out area to mine, the shovel loader enters through the sublevel roadway to drill the roadway, and the mined ore is poured into the nearby chute, and is transported out of the surface through the transportation roadway, the remote control shovel loader is used for cleaning in the later stage of mining, after the mining is completed, the bottom passage of the first step is closed, and the mined-out area of the first step is filled with high strength;

[0014] E.After the maintenance of the first step filling is completed, the second step mining is carried out, the mining method is small sublevel caving and subsequent filling method, before the second step mining, the grouting integral reinforcement treatment of the waste rock loose body of the mined-out area of the side slope is carried out, then the small sublevel caving and subsequent filling method is used for recovery, the cutting engineering of the second step is arranged at the end, the cutting shaft is used as a free surface and a compensation space, a cutting groove is formed, at this time, the tailings filling body of the adjacent mined-out area collapse waste rock may be mixed, a fan-shaped medium-deep hole blast hole is drilled and drilled, and the mining is carried out by extrusion blasting, the step distance of each caving is 2-3 rows, the mining is carried out in a backward manner, after ventilation, the shovel loader is used to mine under the covering rock, when the cut-off grade of the ore is reached, the mining is stopped, the shovel loader enters the drill roadway through the sublevel roadway to mine, the mined ore is poured into the nearby chute, and is transported out of the surface through the transportation roadway;

[0015] F.After the second step mining is completed, the bottom passage of the second step is closed, the filling pipe is arranged in the connection roadway of the last sublevel to carry out low-strength filling on the mined-out area of the second step and the loose body collapsed from the mined-out area, and the high-strength glue surface is used to ensure the roof, finally, the mining of the last sublevel is carried out, and the above is repeated.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages or effects:

[0017] (1) Because multiple small sublevel mining and subsequent filling treatment of the mined-out area are carried out, the stability in the mining process of the stope is improved;

[0018] (2) At the same time, by two-step mining, the first step far away from the waste rock loose body is recovered by using the small sublevel open stope and subsequent filling method with a large width (14-19m), the second step on the side of the loose body is recovered by using the small sublevel caving and subsequent filling method with a small width (6-8m), and the loose body is mixed in the process of blasting and mining, so that the amount of ore affected by the waste rock loose body can be controlled, the loose body mixing in the process of blasting and mining of the stope is reduced, the stope dilution rate is 10%, the loss rate is 10%, and the resource recovery rate is 90%;

[0019] (3) In addition, by using the remote control shovel loader to enter the mined-out area to mine the stope, the bottom structure engineering (according to one middle section having four small sublevels, 56m can be saved) is reduced under the premise of ensuring operation safety;

[0020] (4) In addition, by using a large amount of tailings to integrally cement the filling of the mined-out area and the loose body, and by grouting the loose body around the stope, the loose body structure around the stope is reconstructed at a low cost, and the mining stability of the adjacent stope is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is a small section of the open stope and subsequent filling combined method of small section recovery step small section recovery front view schematic diagram according to the present application.

[0022] Figure 2 is Figure 1 the method stope step small section recovery side view schematic diagram.

[0023] The various marks in the drawings represent:

[0024] 1. transport lane 2. through the vein 3. section lane 4. rock drilling lane 5. blast hole 6. ore pile 7. high strength filling body 8. waste rock tailings filling body 9. false roof 10. glue surface filling body 11. waste rock

[0025] The present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] As Figures 1-2 shown, the small section of the open stope and subsequent filling combined method, first, according to the vertical arrangement of stope, stope length is the thickness of the ore body, determine the stope width, second, the stope surrounding goaf tailings high strength filling treatment, to transform the stope surrounding mining environment, for the ore body safety, high efficiency, high recovery rate of mining to create a preliminary good surrounding environment, third, in the vertical direction, the stope is divided into several small sections from bottom to top recovery, using small section recovery, subsequent filling to improve the stability of the stope recovery process, finally, in each small section, two steps are divided, near the loose body side is two steps, the other side is one step, first mining one step and filling, then mining two steps and filling, can reduce the influence of adjacent loose ore quantity, reduce dilution and loss, wherein one step small section blasting remote control shovel into the goaf, can reduce the bottom of the mine structure engineering and ensure the safety of the goaf mining operation, two step small section mining before the loose body on the side of the grouting reinforcement treatment, then use small section caving method of backward recovery, after recovery, tailings cemented filling treatment, the specific steps and conditions are as follows:

[0027] A. the stope surrounding goaf with collapse loose body tailings high strength filling treatment, high strength filling body (7) strength is 1.0~1.5MPa, to transform the stope surrounding mining environment;

[0028] B. according to the vertical arrangement of stope, stope length is the thickness of the ore body, width is 20~25m, in the vertical direction, the stope is divided into several small sections, from bottom to top, each section is divided into one step and two steps, the length is the thickness of the ore body;

[0029] C. Subsection lane (3) vertical ore body direction construction drill rock lane (4), in the middle or end of the stope cutting horizontal lane, cutting the end of the cutting shaft construction;

[0030] D. One step using small section open stope backfilling method, drilling fan-shaped medium-length hole (5), cutting the cutting shaft as the free surface and compensation space, forming a cutting groove, and then using the cutting groove as the free surface and compensation space for normal row stoping, with 3-4 rows of step distance each time, and the back row stoping. After ventilation, the mine heap (6) is blasted, and the mine heap (6) is blasted. 3 The remote-controlled shovel loader enters the mined-out area to mine, the shovel loader enters through the subsection lane (3) and the drill rock lane (4), and the shovel loader dumps the ore into the nearby chute, which is transported out of the ground through the transportation lane (1). In the later stage of stoping, a remote-controlled shovel loader is used for cleaning, and after the stoping is completed, the bottom passage of the first step is closed, and high-strength filling is carried out in the mined-out area of the first step.

[0031] E. After the completion of the first step filling and maintenance, the second step of the stope is recovered by using the small section caving backfilling method. Before the second step of the stope is recovered, the waste rock loose body in the mined-out area of the side slope must be grouted and integrally reinforced, and then the small section caving backfilling method is used for recovery. The cutting engineering of the second step is arranged at the end, and the cutting shaft is used as the free surface and compensation space to form a cutting groove. At this time, the adjacent mined-out area collapse waste rock tailings filling body (8) may be mixed. Fan-shaped medium-length hole (5) is drilled and drilled, and extrusion blasting stoping is carried out. The step distance is 2-3 rows each time, and the back row stoping is carried out. After ventilation, the shovel loader is used to mine under the covering rock, and the mining is stopped when the cutoff grade is reached. The shovel loader enters the drill rock lane (4) through the subsection lane (3) to mine, and the shovel loader dumps the ore into the nearby chute, which is transported out of the ground through the transportation lane (1).

[0032] F. After the second step stoping is completed, the bottom passage of the second step is closed, and the filling pipe is erected from the last subsection connecting lane to carry out low-strength filling in the mined-out area of the second step and the loose body collapsed from the mined-out area, and high-strength glue surface is used to ensure the top.

[0033] The process of the application can be further:

[0034] The small subsection height is ≤12m.

[0035] The width of the first step in the small subsection is 14-19m, and the width of the second step is 6-8m.

[0036] The step D, E is drilled by YGZ-90 drill or simba1354 drill rig, and the hole diameter is φ65mm.

[0037] The filling strength of the high-strength filling of the first step in the step D is 1.0-1.5MPa.

[0038] The grouting range of the step E is about 2m.

[0039] As described above, the application can be better implemented. The above-mentioned embodiments are only the best mode of the application, but the embodiments of the application are not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments, and other changes, modifications, replacements, combinations, simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the application should be equivalent replacement modes, and all are included in the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A method of small sublevel open stope and caving subsequent filling combination, characterized in that Firstly, the stope is arranged in vertical strike direction, the length of the stope is the thickness of the ore body, the width of the stope is determined, secondly, the tailings high-strength filling treatment is carried out on the goaf around the stope, so as to improve the mining environment around the stope, and create a preliminary good surrounding environment for safe, efficient and high recovery rate mining of the ore body, thirdly, the stope is divided into several small segments in the vertical direction, and the ore body is recovered from bottom to top, small segment mining and subsequent filling are adopted to improve the stability in the process of stope recovery, finally, two steps are divided in each small segment, two steps near the loose body side and one step on the other side, one step is mined and filled first, and then two steps are mined and filled, which can reduce the influence of adjacent loose body on the ore quantity, reduce dilution and loss, the remote-controlled shovel loader is used to enter the goaf after one-step small segment blasting, which can reduce the bottom ore-drawing structure engineering and ensure the safety of the ore-drawing operation in the goaf, the loose body on the side of two-step small segment mining is grouted and reinforced before the small segment caving method is used for back-off mining, and the tailings cemented filling treatment is carried out after the mining is completed, the specific steps and conditions are as follows: A. The tailings high-strength filling treatment is carried out on the goaf around the loose body with collapse, and the high-strength filling body (7) has a strength of 1.0-1.5 MPa, so as to improve the overall mining environment around the stope; B. The stope is arranged in vertical strike direction, the length of the stope is the thickness of the ore body, the width of the stope is 20-25 m, the stope is divided into several small segments in the vertical direction, and the ore body is recovered from bottom to top, each segment is divided into one step and two steps, and the length of each step is the thickness of the ore body; C. The drill hole roadway (3) is constructed vertically along the strike of the ore body, the cutting cross roadway is constructed in the middle or end of the stope, and the cutting raise is constructed at one end of the cutting cross roadway; D. The first step uses small sublevel open stope and filling method to recover, drill fan-shaped medium-length hole blast hole (5), cut the shaft as free surface and compensation space, form cutting groove, then use cutting groove as free surface and compensation space for normal row recovery, each caving step distance is 3~4 rows, retreat mining, after ventilation, the mine heap (6) is recovered by 1m 3 The remote-controlled shovel loader enters the mined-out area to recover the ore. The shovel loader enters through the sublevel roadway (3) and the drilling roadway (4), and the loaded ore is poured into the nearby chute, which is transported out of the surface through the transportation roadway (1). In the later stage of recovery, the remote-controlled shovel loader is used for cleaning. After the recovery is completed, the bottom passage of the first step is closed, and high-strength filling is performed in the mined-out area of the first step. E. After the one-step filling and curing are completed, the two-step stope is mined, the small segment caving and subsequent filling method is used for mining, the goaf waste rock loose body on the side of the two-step stope is grouted and reinforced as a whole before the small segment caving and subsequent filling method is used for recovery, the two-step cutting engineering is arranged at the end, the cutting raise is used as a free surface and a compensation space to form a cutting groove, at this time, the adjacent goaf collapse waste rock tailings filling body (8) is mixed, the fan-shaped medium-depth hole (5) is drilled and blasted to extrude and mine, the step distance is 2-3 rows each time, the back-off mining is carried out, after ventilation, the shovel loader is used to mine under the overburden rock, the mining is stopped when the cutoff grade is reached, the shovel loader enters the drill hole roadway (3) to mine, the mined ore is poured into the nearby chute, and is transported out of the surface through the transportation roadway (1); F. After the two-step mining is completed, the two-step bottom passage is closed, the filling pipe is arranged through the connection roadway of the previous segment to carry out low-strength filling on the two-step goaf and the loose body collapsed from the goaf, and the high-strength glue surface is used to ensure the roof, finally, the recovery of the previous segment is started, and the process is repeated.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein The small segment height is ≤12 m.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The one-step width in the small segment is 14-19 m, and the two-step width is 6-8 m.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein The steps D and E are drilled by YGZ-90 drill or simba1354 drill rig, and the drill hole is φ65 mm.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein The filling strength of the step D is 1.0-1.5 MPa.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein The grouting range of the step E is about 2 m.

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