A thermal management system for extended-range special vehicles

Abstract

This invention relates to a thermal management system for range-extended special vehicles, comprising an engine cooling water circuit and a battery cooling water circuit. The engine cooling water circuit includes multiple engine cylinders with outlets connected to a manifold. One or more engine cylinders have inlets connected to an oil cooler. The inlets of the remaining engine cylinders and the oil cooler are connected to a first water pump. The inlet of the first water pump is connected to a radiator. The outlet of the manifold is connected to a thermostat. The first and second outlets of the thermostat are connected to the inlets of the radiator and the first water pump, respectively. The battery cooling water circuit includes a battery assembly, a second water pump, and a cooling unit connected sequentially. The thermostat's heater inlet is connected to a third water pump and a liquid heater. The outlet of the liquid heater is connected to the inlet of the oil cooler. This system has the advantages of simple structure, convenient control, safety, reliability, and high practicality, and can meet the vehicle's starting requirements in low-temperature environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to low-temperature start-up technology for special vehicles, specifically to an integrated thermal management system for range-extended special vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Existing range-extended multi-axle special vehicles mostly use diesel engines and low-temperature batteries. The low-temperature starting capability of the diesel engine and the low-temperature usability of the battery are important indicators for evaluating these vehicles. Currently, the industry commonly uses electric heating of the air intake grille to ensure that the diesel engine can start normally in environments above -35°C. However, this method cannot start the diesel engine normally at lower ambient temperatures. Ordinary batteries can also operate normally in environments above -35°C, but at lower ambient temperatures, they will not function properly due to low discharge capacity. Compared to ordinary batteries, low-temperature batteries, while meeting the requirements for use in lower ambient temperatures, are several times more expensive, resulting in higher costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a thermal management system for range-extended special vehicles, which has the advantages of simple structure, convenient control, safety and reliability, and strong practicality. Compared with the prior art, it can meet the starting and use requirements of vehicles at lower temperatures, improve environmental adaptability, and reduce costs.

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems in the existing technology, this invention provides a thermal management system for range-extended special vehicles, including an engine cooling water circuit and a battery cooling water circuit. The engine cooling water circuit includes multiple engine cylinders with outlets connected to a water collection pipe. One or more engine cylinders have inlets connected to an oil cooler. The inlets of the remaining engine cylinders and the oil cooler are connected to a first water pump. The inlet of the first water pump is connected to a radiator. The outlet of the water collection pipe is connected to a thermostat. The thermostat has a first outlet and a second outlet. The inlet of the thermostat is connected to the inlet of the radiator and the inlet of the first water pump. The battery cooling water circuit includes a battery assembly, a second water pump and a cooling unit connected in sequence. The warm air inlet of the thermostat is connected to a third water pump and a liquid heater in sequence. The outlet water of the liquid heater is connected to the inlet of the oil cooler. The cooling unit is connected in series or in parallel to a liquid-liquid heat exchanger. The liquid-liquid heat exchanger is connected to the warm air inlet of the thermostat and the warm air return outlet of the first water pump through a first pipeline and a second pipeline. An electromagnetic control valve is provided on the first pipeline.

[0005] Optionally, in a range-extended special vehicle thermal management system of the present invention, the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is connected in series in the battery cooling water circuit between the cooling unit and the battery assembly, and a fuel heater is provided in the battery cooling water circuit between the liquid-liquid heat exchanger and the battery assembly.

[0006] Optionally, in a range-extended special vehicle thermal management system of the present invention, the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is connected in series in the battery cooling water circuit between the cooling unit and the battery assembly, a first pipeline between the liquid-liquid heat exchanger and the electromagnetic control valve is connected to a fuel heater, the inlet of the fuel heater is connected to a fourth water pump, and the inlet of the fourth water pump is connected to a second pipeline.

[0007] Optionally, in a range-extended special vehicle thermal management system of the present invention, the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is connected in parallel with the cooling unit, and an electromagnetic three-way valve is provided at the end of the cooling unit connected in parallel with the liquid-liquid heat exchanger. A fuel heater is connected in series with the liquid-liquid heat exchanger.

[0008] Optionally, in a range-extended special vehicle thermal management system of the present invention, the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is connected in parallel with the cooling unit, a first pipeline between the liquid-liquid heat exchanger and the electromagnetic control valve is connected to a fuel heater, the inlet of the fuel heater is connected to a fourth water pump, and the inlet of the fourth water pump is connected to a second pipeline.

[0009] Based on the same concept, the present invention also provides another thermal management system for range-extended special vehicles, including an engine cooling water circuit and a battery cooling water circuit. The engine cooling water circuit includes multiple engine cylinders with outlets connected to a water collection pipe. The water inlet of one or more engine cylinders is connected to an oil cooler. The water inlets of the remaining engine cylinders and the water inlet of the oil cooler are connected to a first water pump. The water inlet of the first water pump is connected to a radiator. The retarder intake of the water collection pipe is connected to a thermostat. The first and second outlets of the thermostat are connected to the water inlets of the radiator and the first water pump, respectively. The battery cooling water circuit includes a battery assembly, a second water pump, and a cooling unit connected sequentially. A third water pump and a liquid heater are provided in the pipeline between the water collection pipe and the thermostat. The cooling unit is connected in series or parallel to a liquid-liquid heat exchanger. The liquid-liquid heat exchanger is connected to the heater intake of the thermostat and the heater return of the first water pump through a first pipeline and a second pipeline, respectively. An electromagnetic control valve is provided on the first pipeline.

[0010] Optionally, in a range-extended special vehicle thermal management system of the present invention, the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is connected in series in the battery cooling water circuit between the cooling unit and the battery assembly, and a fuel heater is provided in the battery cooling water circuit between the liquid-liquid heat exchanger and the battery assembly.

[0011] Optionally, in a range-extended special vehicle thermal management system of the present invention, the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is connected in series in the battery cooling water circuit between the cooling unit and the battery assembly, a first pipeline between the liquid-liquid heat exchanger and the electromagnetic control valve is connected to a fuel heater, the inlet of the fuel heater is connected to a fourth water pump, and the inlet of the fourth water pump is connected to a second pipeline.

[0012] Optionally, in a range-extended special vehicle thermal management system of the present invention, the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is connected in parallel with the cooling unit, and an electromagnetic three-way valve is provided at the end of the cooling unit connected in parallel with the liquid-liquid heat exchanger. A fuel heater is connected in series with the liquid-liquid heat exchanger.

[0013] Optionally, in a range-extended special vehicle thermal management system of the present invention, the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is connected in parallel with the cooling unit, a first pipeline between the liquid-liquid heat exchanger and the electromagnetic control valve is connected to a fuel heater, the inlet of the fuel heater is connected to a fourth water pump, and the inlet of the fourth water pump is connected to a second pipeline.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, the thermal management system for range-extended special vehicles of this invention has the following advantages: This invention sets up engine cooling water circuits and battery cooling water circuits. The engine cooling water circuit has outlets connected to multiple engine cylinders via a water collection pipe. The inlets of one or more engine cylinders are connected to an oil cooler. The inlets of the remaining engine cylinders and the oil cooler are connected to a first water pump. The inlet of the first water pump is connected to the radiator. The outlet of the water collection pipe is connected to a thermostat. The thermostat's first outlet and second outlet... The system connects the inlet of the radiator to the inlet of the first water pump, creating a battery cooling circuit that sequentially connects the battery assembly, the second water pump, and the cooling unit. The thermostat's warm air intake is connected to the third water pump and the liquid heater. The liquid heater's outlet is connected to the oil cooler's inlet. The cooling unit is connected in series or parallel to a liquid-liquid heat exchanger, which is connected via first and second pipes to the thermostat's warm air intake and the first water pump's warm air return. An electromagnetic control valve is installed on the first pipe. This constitutes a simple, easy-to-control, safe, reliable, and practical thermal management system for range-extended special vehicles. When starting the engine, the thermostat's inlets are used, and the electromagnetic control valve is closed, creating an engine heating circuit consisting of the water collection pipe, thermostat, third water pump, liquid heater, oil cooler, and engine cylinders. The liquid heater heats the engine coolant to quickly raise its temperature. After heating, the generator torque is controlled to reverse-drive the engine, enabling rapid starting in low-temperature environments. Practical application has shown that this invention can quickly start the engine within 2 minutes in a low-temperature environment of -40℃, with a 100% start-up success rate. After starting, it can adapt to the engine's idle speed to achieve rapid warm-up and meet power output requirements, featuring short preheating time and strong environmental adaptability. After the engine starts, the third water pump and liquid heater are shut off, and the electromagnetic control valve is opened. This creates an auxiliary heating water circuit for the battery, consisting of the water collection pipe, thermostat, liquid-liquid heat exchanger, first water pump, oil cooler, and engine cylinders. Heat exchange between the engine coolant and battery coolant heats the battery assembly, rapidly raising the battery temperature to rechargeable conditions and reducing the range extender's idling time.

[0015] The thermal management system for range-extended special vehicles of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a thermal management system for range-extended special vehicles according to the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the thermal management system for range-extended special vehicles according to the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the thermal management system for range-extended special vehicles according to the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of the thermal management system for range-extended special vehicles according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a fifth embodiment of the thermal management system for range-extended special vehicles according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a sixth embodiment of the thermal management system for range-extended special vehicles according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a seventh embodiment of the thermal management system for range-extended special vehicles according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the eighth embodiment of the thermal management system for range-extended special vehicles of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] First, it should be noted that the directional terms such as up, down, left, right, front, and back used in this invention are merely descriptions based on the accompanying drawings for ease of understanding, and are not intended to limit the technical solution or the scope of protection claimed in this invention.

[0025] like Figure 1The first embodiment of the thermal management system for a range-extended special vehicle of the present invention is shown, including an engine cooling water circuit and a battery cooling water circuit. The engine cooling water circuit has outlets connected to multiple engine cylinders 11 via a water collection pipe 1. The inlets of one or more engine cylinders 11 are connected to an oil cooler 12. The inlets of the remaining engine cylinders 11 and the oil cooler 12 are connected to a first water pump 13. The inlet of the first water pump 13 is connected to a radiator 14. The outlet of the water collection pipe 1 is connected to a thermostat 15. The first and second outlets of the thermostat 15 are connected to the inlets of the radiator 14 and the first water pump 13, respectively. The battery cooling water circuit consists of a battery assembly 2, a second water pump 21, and a cooling unit 22 connected sequentially. The heater inlet of the thermostat 15 is connected sequentially to a third water pump 3 and a liquid heater 4. The outlet of the liquid heater 4 is connected to the inlet of the oil cooler 12. A liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5 is connected in series in the battery cooling water circuit between the cooling unit 22 and the battery assembly 2. A fuel heater 6 is installed in the battery cooling water circuit between the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5 and the battery assembly 2. The liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5 is connected to the warm air inlet of the thermostat 15 and the warm air return outlet of the first water pump 13 through the first pipe 51 and the second pipe 52 respectively. An electromagnetic control valve 53 is installed on the first pipe 51.

[0026] The above structural configuration constitutes a simple, easy-to-control, safe, reliable, and highly practical thermal management system for range-extended special vehicles. When starting the engine, the various inlets of the thermostat 15 are used, and the solenoid control valve 53 is closed, forming an engine heating water circuit consisting of the water collection pipe 1, thermostat 15, third water pump 3, liquid heater 4, oil cooler 13, and engine cylinder 11. After turning on the third water pump 3 and liquid heater 4, the liquid heater 4 heats the engine coolant to quickly raise the engine temperature. After heating is complete, the engine can be quickly started in low-temperature environments by controlling the generator torque to reverse-drive the engine. After the engine starts, the third water pump 3 and liquid heater 4 are turned off. The engine cooling water circuit consisting of the water collection pipe 1, thermostat 15, radiator 14, first water pump 13, oil cooler 13, and engine cylinder 11 provides normal cooling for the engine cylinder 11 and oil cooler 12. Practical application has shown that this invention can quickly start the engine within 2 minutes in a low-temperature environment of -40℃, with a 100% start-up success rate. After starting, it can adapt to the engine's idle speed to achieve rapid warm-up and meet power output requirements, exhibiting characteristics such as short preheating time and strong environmental adaptability. By turning on the second water pump 21 and the fuel heater 6, and turning off the cooling unit 22, the battery assembly 2, the second water pump 21, the cooling unit 22, the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5, and the fuel heater 6 form a battery heating water circuit. The fuel heater 6 heats the battery coolant, allowing the battery to quickly warm up to meet charging and discharging requirements in a low-temperature environment of -40℃, enabling ordinary batteries to operate normally in low-temperature environments, thus reducing costs compared to low-temperature batteries. After the battery temperature meets the charging and discharging requirements, the fuel heater 6 is turned off and the cooling unit 22 is turned on. The battery assembly 2 can then be properly cooled through the battery cooling water circuit consisting of the battery assembly 2, the second water pump 21, the cooling unit 22, the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5, and the fuel heater 6. After the engine starts, the solenoid control valve 53 is opened to form a battery auxiliary heating water circuit consisting of the water collection pipe 1, thermostat 15, liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5, first water pump 13, oil cooler 12 and engine cylinder 11. The battery assembly 2 is heated by heat exchange between the engine coolant and the battery coolant, which can quickly raise the battery temperature to a rechargeable condition, reduce the idling time of the range extender and the use of the fuel heater 6, and save energy and vehicle operating costs. It should be noted that in practical applications, engine heating and battery heating are usually carried out simultaneously, and there is no specific order. The engine cylinder 11 is composed of a cylinder block and a cylinder head. This invention typically connects the water passages in the first and second cylinders of the engine to the water passages in the oil cooler, but is not limited to this. The cooling unit 22, the heater inlet of the thermostat 15, the heater return inlet of the first water pump 13, and the retarder inlet of the water collection pipe 1 and the retarder return inlet of the thermostat 15 are all existing technologies in the field. The setting of the heater and the retarder is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.Before being heated, the battery pack can discharge at low power and charge the low-voltage battery through DC / DC high-voltage to low-voltage conversion. Together with the low-voltage battery, it provides power to the liquid heater, fuel heater, second water pump, third water pump, fourth water pump, and valves. The first water pump is directly connected to the engine.

[0027] like Figure 2 The second embodiment of the thermal management system for a range-extended special vehicle shown in this invention differs from the first embodiment in that a fuel heater 6 is positioned between the first pipe 51 and the second pipe 52, and a fourth water pump 7 is correspondingly provided to form a circulating heating loop with the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5. Specifically, the first pipe 51 between the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5 and the solenoid control valve 53 is connected to the fuel heater 6, the inlet of the fuel heater 6 is connected to the fourth water pump 7, and the inlet of the fourth water pump 7 is connected to the second pipe 52. This embodiment can also quickly heat the battery to meet the charging and discharging requirements. The specific process is as follows: the solenoid control valve 53 and the cooling unit 22 are closed, and the fuel heater 6, the fourth water pump 7, and the second water pump 21 are turned on. The fuel heater 6 heats the engine coolant, and the heat exchange between the engine coolant and the battery coolant allows the battery to heat up rapidly.

[0028] like Figure 3 The third embodiment of the thermal management system for a range-extended special vehicle shown in this invention differs from the first embodiment in that the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5 is connected in parallel with the cooling unit 22, and an electromagnetic three-way valve 23 is installed at the end of the parallel connection between the cooling unit 22 and the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5 to control the flow of battery coolant. Furthermore, the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5 is connected in series with a fuel heater 6. This embodiment can also rapidly heat the battery to meet the charging and discharging requirements. The specific process is as follows: the cooling unit 22 is turned off, the second water pump 21 and the fuel heater 6 are turned on, and the branch circuit on one side of the cooling unit 22 is cut off through the electromagnetic three-way valve 23. The fuel heater 6 is then used to heat the battery coolant, allowing the battery to heat up rapidly.

[0029] like Figure 4The fourth embodiment of the thermal management system for a range-extended special vehicle shown in this invention differs from the third embodiment in that the fuel heater 6 is positioned between the first pipe 51 and the second pipe 52, and a fourth water pump 7 is correspondingly provided to form a circulating heating loop with the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5. Specifically, the first pipe 51 between the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5 and the solenoid control valve 53 is connected to the fuel heater 6, the inlet of the fuel heater 6 is connected to the fourth water pump 7, and the inlet of the fourth water pump 7 is connected to the second pipe 52. This embodiment can also quickly heat the battery to meet the charging and discharging requirements. The specific process is as follows: the solenoid control valve 53 and the cooling unit 22 are closed, the fuel heater 6, the fourth water pump 7 and the second water pump 21 are turned on, and the branch on one side of the cooling unit 22 is cut off through the solenoid three-way valve 23. The fuel heater 6 heats the engine coolant, and the battery coolant is heated through heat exchange between the engine coolant and the battery coolant, thus rapidly raising the battery temperature.

[0030] like Figure 5 The fifth embodiment of the thermal management system for a range-extended special vehicle shown in this invention differs from the first embodiment in that it employs a different connection method for the engine heating water circuit. Specifically, it includes an engine cooling water circuit and a battery cooling water circuit. The engine cooling water circuit has its outlet connected to multiple engine cylinders 11 via a water collection pipe 1. The inlet of one or more engine cylinders 11 is connected to an oil cooler 12. The inlets of the remaining engine cylinders 11 and the oil cooler 12 are connected to a first water pump 13. The inlet of the first water pump 13 is connected to a radiator 14. The retarder intake of the water collection pipe 1 is connected to the retarder return port of a thermostat 15. The first and second outlets of the thermostat 15 are connected to the inlets of the radiator 14 and the first water pump 13, respectively. The battery cooling water circuit consists of a battery assembly 2, a second water pump 21, and a cooling unit 22 connected sequentially end-to-end. A third water pump 3 and a liquid heater 4 are installed in the pipeline between the water collection pipe 1 and the thermostat 15. A liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5 is connected in series in the battery cooling water circuit between the cooling unit 22 and the battery assembly 2. A fuel heater 6 is installed in the battery cooling water circuit between the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5 and the battery assembly 2. The liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5 is connected to the warm air inlet of the thermostat 15 and the warm air return outlet of the first water pump 13 through the first pipeline 51 and the second pipeline 52 respectively. An electromagnetic control valve 53 is installed on the first pipeline 51.

[0031] The above structural configuration constitutes another thermal management system for range-extended special vehicles. When starting the engine, by utilizing the water inlets of the thermostat 15 and closing the solenoid control valve 53, another engine heating water circuit is formed, consisting of the water collection pipe 1, the third water pump 3, the liquid heater 4, the thermostat 15, the first water pump 13, the oil cooler 13, and the engine cylinder 11. After turning on the third water pump 3 and the liquid heater 4, the liquid heater 4 heats the engine coolant to quickly raise the engine temperature. After heating is complete, the engine can be quickly started in low-temperature environments by controlling the generator torque to reverse-drive the engine. After the engine starts, the third water pump 3 and the liquid heater 4 are turned off. The engine cooling water circuit, consisting of the water collection pipe 1, the third water pump 3, the liquid heater 4, the thermostat 15, the radiator 14, the first water pump 13, the oil cooler 13, and the engine cylinder 11, provides normal cooling for the engine cylinder 11 and the oil cooler 12. Practical application has shown that this implementation method can quickly start the engine within 2 minutes even in a low-temperature environment of -40℃, with a 100% start-up success rate. After starting, it can adapt to the engine's idle speed to achieve rapid warm-up and meet power output requirements, also featuring short preheating time and strong environmental adaptability. By turning on the second water pump 21 and the fuel heater 6, and turning off the cooling unit 22, the battery assembly 2, the second water pump 21, the cooling unit 22, the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5, and the fuel heater 6 form a battery heating water circuit. Using the fuel heater 6 to heat the battery coolant allows the battery to quickly warm up to meet charging and discharging requirements in a low-temperature environment of -40℃, enabling ordinary batteries to be used normally in low-temperature environments, thus reducing costs compared to low-temperature batteries. Once the battery temperature meets the charging and discharging requirements, the fuel heater 6 is turned off, and normal heat dissipation is achieved through the battery cooling water circuit. After the engine starts, the solenoid control valve 53 is opened to form a battery auxiliary heating water circuit consisting of the water collection pipe 1, thermostat 15, liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5, first water pump 13, oil cooler 12 and engine cylinder 11. The battery is heated by heat exchange between the engine coolant and the battery coolant, which can quickly raise the battery temperature to a rechargeable condition, reduce the idling time of the range extender and the use of the fuel heater 6, and save energy and vehicle operating costs.

[0032] like Figure 6The sixth embodiment of the thermal management system for a range-extended special vehicle shown in this invention differs from the fifth embodiment in that the fuel heater 6 is positioned between the first pipe 51 and the second pipe 52, and a fourth water pump 7 is correspondingly provided to form a circulating heating loop with the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5. Specifically, the first pipe 51 between the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5 and the solenoid control valve 53 is connected to the fuel heater 6, the inlet of the fuel heater 6 is connected to the fourth water pump 7, and the inlet of the fourth water pump 7 is connected to the second pipe 52. This embodiment can also quickly heat the battery to meet the charging and discharging requirements. The specific process is as follows: the solenoid control valve 53 and the cooling unit 22 are closed, and the fuel heater 6, the fourth water pump 7, and the second water pump 21 are turned on. The fuel heater 6 heats the engine coolant, and the heat exchange between the engine coolant and the battery coolant allows the battery to heat up quickly.

[0033] like Figure 7 The seventh embodiment of the thermal management system for a range-extended special vehicle shown in this invention differs from the fifth embodiment in that the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5 is connected in parallel with the cooling unit 22, and an electromagnetic three-way valve 23 is installed at the end of the parallel connection between the cooling unit 22 and the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5 to control the flow of battery coolant. Furthermore, the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5 is connected in series with a fuel heater 6. This embodiment can also rapidly heat the battery to meet the charging and discharging requirements. The specific process is as follows: the cooling unit 22 is turned off, the second water pump 21 and the fuel heater 6 are turned on, and the branch circuit on one side of the cooling unit 22 is cut off through the electromagnetic three-way valve 23. The fuel heater 6 is used to heat the battery coolant, thus rapidly raising the battery temperature.

[0034] like Figure 8 The eighth embodiment of the thermal management system for a range-extended special vehicle of the present invention differs from the seventh embodiment in that the fuel heater 6 is positioned between the first pipe 51 and the second pipe 52, and a fourth water pump 7 is correspondingly provided to form a circulating heating loop with the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5. Specifically, the first pipe 51 between the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 5 and the solenoid control valve 53 is connected to the fuel heater 6, the inlet of the fuel heater 6 is connected to the fourth water pump 7, and the inlet of the fourth water pump 7 is connected to the second pipe 52. This embodiment can also quickly heat the battery to meet the charging and discharging requirements. The specific process is as follows: the solenoid control valve 53 and the cooling unit 22 are closed, the fuel heater 6, the fourth water pump 7 and the second water pump 21 are turned on, and the branch on one side of the cooling unit 22 is cut off through the solenoid three-way valve 23. The fuel heater 6 heats the engine coolant, and the battery coolant is heated through heat exchange between the engine coolant and the battery coolant, thus rapidly raising the battery temperature.

[0035] It should be noted that the engine in this article should be understood in the same sense as a diesel engine; the fuel heater 6 can also be replaced by a PTC liquid heater, which can also achieve the technical purpose of this invention.

[0036] Practical application has shown that this invention can produce the following beneficial effects: 1. Heating the engine coolant with a liquid heater can quickly raise the engine temperature; after heating, controlling the generator torque to reverse-drag the engine allows for rapid starting in a low-temperature environment of -40℃, with a 100% starting success rate. 2. Heating the battery coolant or engine coolant with a fuel heater allows the battery to quickly warm up to the required charging and discharging temperature in a low-temperature environment of -40℃, enabling ordinary batteries to be used normally in low-temperature environments. 3. Heating the battery with engine coolant after engine start allows the battery temperature to quickly rise to a rechargeable condition, reducing the range extender idling time and the use of liquid heaters, thus lowering costs.

[0037] The above embodiments are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Various modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the design concept of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal management system for a range-extended special vehicle, comprising an engine cooling water circuit and a battery cooling water circuit, wherein the engine cooling water circuit comprises multiple engine cylinders (11) with outlets connected to a water collection pipe (1), one or more engine cylinders (11) having inlets connected to an oil cooler (12), the inlets of the remaining engine cylinders (11) and the inlets of the oil cooler (12) being connected to a first water pump (13), the inlet of the first water pump (13) being connected to a radiator (14), the outlet of the water collection pipe (1) being connected to a thermostat (15), the first outlet and the second outlet of the thermostat (15) being connected to the inlets of the radiator (14) and the inlet of the first water pump (13) respectively, and the battery cooling water circuit comprising a battery assembly (2), a second water pump (21) and a cooling unit (22) connected sequentially end to end, characterized in that, The thermostat (15) has a third water pump (3) and a liquid heater (4) connected in sequence to its warm air intake. The outlet water of the liquid heater (4) is connected to the inlet of the oil cooler (12). The cooling unit (22) has a liquid-liquid heat exchanger (5) connected in series or in parallel. The liquid-liquid heat exchanger (5) is connected to the warm air intake of the thermostat (15) and the warm air return of the first water pump (13) through the first pipeline (51) and the second pipeline (52). The first pipeline (51) is equipped with an electromagnetic control valve (53).

2. The thermal management system for a range-extended special vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid-liquid heat exchanger (5) is connected in series in the battery cooling water circuit between the cooling unit (22) and the battery assembly (2), and a fuel heater (6) is provided in the battery cooling water circuit between the liquid-liquid heat exchanger (5) and the battery assembly (2).

3. The thermal management system for a range-extended special vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid-liquid heat exchanger (5) is connected in series in the battery cooling water circuit between the cooling unit (22) and the battery assembly (2). The first pipeline (51) between the liquid-liquid heat exchanger (5) and the electromagnetic control valve (53) is connected to the fuel heater (6). The inlet of the fuel heater (6) is connected to the fourth water pump (7). The inlet of the fourth water pump (7) is connected to the second pipeline (52).

4. The thermal management system for a range-extended special vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid-liquid heat exchanger (5) is connected in parallel with the cooling unit (22). The end of the cooling unit (22) connected in parallel with the liquid-liquid heat exchanger (5) is equipped with an electromagnetic three-way valve (23). The liquid-liquid heat exchanger (5) is connected in series with a fuel oil heater (6).

5. The thermal management system for a range-extended special vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid-liquid heat exchanger (5) is connected in parallel with the cooling unit (22). The first pipeline (51) between the liquid-liquid heat exchanger (5) and the electromagnetic control valve (53) is connected to a fuel oil heater (6). The inlet of the fuel oil heater (6) is connected to a fourth water pump (7). The inlet of the fourth water pump (7) is connected to a second pipeline (52).

6. A thermal management system for a range-extended special vehicle, comprising an engine cooling water circuit and a battery cooling water circuit, wherein the engine cooling water circuit comprises multiple engine cylinders (11) with outlets connected to a water collection pipe (1), one or more engine cylinders (11) having inlets connected to an oil cooler (12), the inlets of the remaining engine cylinders (11) and the inlet of the oil cooler (12) being connected to a first water pump (13), the inlet of the first water pump (13) being connected to a radiator (14), the retarder intake of the water collection pipe (1) being connected to a thermostat (15), the first outlet and the second outlet of the thermostat (15) being connected to the inlet of the radiator (14) and the inlet of the first water pump (13) respectively, and the battery cooling water circuit comprising a battery assembly (2), a second water pump (21) and a cooling unit (22) connected sequentially end to end, characterized in that, A third water pump (3) and a liquid heater (4) are provided in the pipeline between the water collection pipe (1) and the thermostat (15). The cooling unit (22) is connected in series or in parallel with a liquid-liquid heat exchanger (5). The liquid-liquid heat exchanger (5) is connected to the warm air inlet of the thermostat (15) and the warm air return outlet of the first water pump (13) through the first pipeline (51) and the second pipeline (52). An electromagnetic control valve (53) is provided on the first pipeline (51).

7. A thermal management system for range-extended special vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that, The liquid-liquid heat exchanger (5) is connected in series in the battery cooling water circuit between the cooling unit (22) and the battery assembly (2), and a fuel heater (6) is provided in the battery cooling water circuit between the liquid-liquid heat exchanger (5) and the battery assembly (2).

8. The thermal management system for a range-extended special vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that, The liquid-liquid heat exchanger (5) is connected in series in the battery cooling water circuit between the cooling unit (22) and the battery assembly (2). The first pipeline (51) between the liquid-liquid heat exchanger (5) and the electromagnetic control valve (53) is connected to the fuel heater (6). The inlet of the fuel heater (6) is connected to the fourth water pump (7). The inlet of the fourth water pump (7) is connected to the second pipeline (52).

9. A thermal management system for range-extended special vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that, The liquid-liquid heat exchanger (5) is connected in parallel with the cooling unit (22). The end of the cooling unit (22) connected in parallel with the liquid-liquid heat exchanger (5) is equipped with an electromagnetic three-way valve (23). The liquid-liquid heat exchanger (5) is connected in series with a fuel oil heater (6).

10. A thermal management system for range-extended special vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that, The liquid-liquid heat exchanger (5) is connected in parallel with the cooling unit (22). The first pipeline (51) between the liquid-liquid heat exchanger (5) and the electromagnetic control valve (53) is connected to a fuel oil heater (6). The inlet of the fuel oil heater (6) is connected to a fourth water pump (7). The inlet of the fourth water pump (7) is connected to a second pipeline (52).

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