An alternating magnetic field-based arc dynamic characteristic regulation device and method

Abstract

The application provides an alternating magnetic field-based arc dynamic characteristic regulation device and method, and relates to the technical field of arc characteristic regulation, and comprises a low-pressure bin, a magnetic field generating structure, an arc burning structure and a supporting structure, wherein the low-pressure bin is arranged directly above the supporting box body; the magnetic field generating structure is arranged in the low-pressure bin; the arc burning structure comprises a fixed electrode and a moving electrode, the moving electrode is arranged directly below the fixed electrode; the top of the supporting structure is fixedly connected with the moving electrode, and the height of the supporting structure is adjusted to make the moving electrode reciprocate up and down in the low-pressure bin. The application can effectively regulate the arc movement characteristics under different current levels and different arc burning environments, and the regulation can not only inhibit the arc drift phenomenon, but also reduce the arc ablation to the electrode material.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of arc characteristic regulation, in particular to an arc characteristic regulation device and method based on alternating magnetic field. BACKGROUND

[0002] Arc is a unique phenomenon of electrical contact system, which widely exists in the fields of power system, rail transit and electromagnetic railgun. The arc has high temperature and large energy, which can cause serious ablation to the electrode of the electrical contact system, resulting in damage, failure and even major accidents of the electrical contact system. Therefore, arc is a key problem restricting the service life improvement of the electrical contact system. In view of the development goals of electrified aircraft and low-vacuum high-speed railway, the damage of arc to the electrical contact system under low pressure cannot be ignored. Therefore, it is extremely important to explore the method of regulating the motion characteristics of arc. At present, a device and method are needed to effectively regulate the rapid motion of arc root, shorten the residence time of arc root, and thus reduce the ablation damage of arc to the electrode, so as to improve the service life of the electrical contact system. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to provide an arc dynamic characteristic regulation device and method based on alternating magnetic field to improve the above problems. In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides an arc dynamic characteristic regulation device based on alternating magnetic field, comprising: a low-pressure chamber, a magnetic field generating structure, an arc striking structure and a support structure, the magnetic field generating structure is arranged in the low-pressure chamber; the arc striking structure, the arc striking structure comprises a fixed electrode and a moving electrode, the upper top surface of the fixed electrode is fixedly connected with the top of the low-pressure chamber, the fixed electrode is arranged on the vertical-to-ground central axis of the low-pressure chamber, the moving electrode is arranged on the vertical-to-ground central axis of the low-pressure chamber, and the moving electrode is arranged directly below the fixed electrode; the support structure, the top of the support structure is fixedly connected with the moving electrode, and the moving electrode reciprocates up and down in the low-pressure chamber by adjusting the height of the support structure.

[0005] In a second aspect, the present application further provides an arc dynamic characteristic regulation method based on alternating magnetic field, comprising:

[0006] obtaining a first control instruction, the first control instruction being a control command for adjusting the equipment according to preset environmental parameters, the environmental parameters including low-pressure chamber pressure value, moving electrode lifting speed, distance between moving electrode and fixed electrode, excitation current and gas to be filled in the low-pressure chamber;

[0007] According to the first control command, the device is adjusted, and data acquisition is performed based on the data acquisition structure to obtain arc data in at least two environments, wherein the arc data includes arc image information collected by a high-speed camera, arc spectrum information collected by a spectrometer, and signal information collected by an oscilloscope;

[0008] The arc data in all environments is sent to a preprocessing module for processing, and the preprocessed data is sent to an optimized neural network model for processing to obtain environment information with the lowest ablation damage to the electrode.

[0009] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0010] The low-pressure atmosphere warehouse can realize a test environment with a minimum pressure of 1 Pa, and can meet the arc test requirements in a large range of extremely low pressure and normal pressure. Different types of pure gas test environments can be realized, and the arc test requirements under different gas environments and different pressure grades can be met. The device and operation method for regulating arc movement by alternating magnetic field can effectively regulate the arc movement characteristics under different current levels and different arc environments. The regulation can not only inhibit the arc drift phenomenon, but also reduce the ablation of the arc to the electrode. The present application has the advantages of simple structure, strong expandability, easy operation and high stability.

[0011] Other features and advantages of the present application will be described in the following description, and some will become apparent from the description, or will be understood by those skilled in the art from the description. The purpose and other advantages of the present application can be achieved and obtained by the structure specifically pointed out in the written description, claims and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0012] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0013] Figure 1 The structure diagram of the arc dynamic characteristic regulation device based on alternating magnetic field described in the embodiments of the present application;

[0014] Figure 2 The enlarged schematic diagram of the arc arc structure described in the embodiments of the present application;

[0015] Figure 3 The structure relationship diagram of the arc dynamic characteristic regulation device based on alternating magnetic field described in the embodiments of the present application;

[0016] Figure 4 A flow chart of the arc dynamic characteristic regulation method based on alternating magnetic field.

[0017] In the figure, the labels are as follows: 1, support box; 2, low-pressure chamber; 3, fixed electrode; 4, moving electrode; 5, coil; 6, insulating support; 7, power supply; 8, glass window; 9, high-speed camera; 10, spectrometer; 11, oscilloscope; 12, air extraction interface; 13, air charging interface; 14, air exhaust interface; 15, vacuum gauge; 16, stepping motor; 17, low-pressure chamber controller; 18, stepping motor controller; 19, power supply controller; 20, data acquisition structure controller; 21, vacuum pump; 22, air charging bottle; 23, support rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the following will be combined with the accompanying drawings for the embodiments of the present application to make a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present application but not all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present application, but only represents selected embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work based on the embodiments in the present application belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0019] It should be noted that: similar labels and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent drawings. Meanwhile, in the description of the present application, the terms “first”, “second” and the like are only used to distinguish description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0020] Embodiment 1:

[0021] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the embodiment provides an alternating magnetic field based arc dynamic characteristic regulation device, a low-pressure bin 2, a magnetic field generating structure, an arc burning structure and a support structure, the magnetic field generating structure is arranged in the low-pressure bin 2; the arc burning structure includes a fixed electrode 3 and a moving electrode 4, the upper top surface of the fixed electrode 3 is fixedly connected with the top of the low-pressure bin 2, the fixed electrode 3 is arranged on the vertical ground center axis of the low-pressure bin 2, the moving electrode 4 is arranged on the vertical ground center axis of the low-pressure bin 2, and the moving electrode 4 is arranged directly below the fixed electrode 3; the top of the support structure is fixedly connected with the moving electrode 4, and the height of the support structure is adjusted to make the moving electrode 4 reciprocate up and down in the low-pressure bin 2.

[0022] The low-pressure bin 2 can realize a test environment with a minimum pressure of one Pa, can meet arc test requirements in a large range of extremely low pressure and normal pressure, can realize different types of pure gas test environments, can meet arc test requirements under different gas environments and different pressure grades, the magnetic field generating structure and the operation method designed in the embodiment can effectively regulate arc motion characteristics under different current grades and different arc burning environments, the regulation can not only inhibit arc drift, but also reduce arc ablation to electrode materials, and the structure is simple, has strong expandability, is easy to operate and has high stability.

[0023] The magnetic field generating structure includes a coil 5, an insulating support 6 and a power supply 7, the insulating support 6 is provided with at least two groups, each group of the insulating support 6 is provided with at least two, each group of the insulating support 6 is arranged on the vertical ground center axis of the low-pressure bin 2 in axial symmetry, all the insulating supports 6 are fixedly arranged at the bottom of the low-pressure bin 2, the top of each insulating support 6 is provided with a coil 5, and each coil 5 is electrically connected with the power supply 7.

[0024] It can be understood that at least two groups of coils 5 are arranged in this step, the magnetic field generated by different grades of current changes the electromagnetic environment around the arc, and then the motion of the arc in different electromagnetic environments is observed, so as to prepare for determining the most suitable electromagnetic environment for regulating the arc, two groups of coils 5 are respectively controlled by two excitation power supplies, the magnetic field with different magnetic field strengths and directions in two dimensions can be realized, and an alternating magnetic field environment is formed.

[0025] The sidewall of the low-pressure bin 2 is provided with a glass window 8, and the height of the glass window 8 is the same as that of the arc burning structure.

[0026] It can be understood that the glass window 8 facilitates data collection of a data collection structure, and the height of the glass window 8 is the same as that of the arc burning structure, so that the measurement error is reduced.

[0027] The low-pressure chamber 2 is provided with a data acquisition structure outside, which is provided correspondingly with the glass window 8, and comprises a high-speed camera 9, a spectrometer 10, an oscilloscope 11 and a current clamp.

[0028] It can be understood that the data acquisition structure is arranged at the corresponding position of the glass window, so that the data acquisition structure can stably acquire data and upload to the control terminal, thereby preparing for data processing.

[0029] The low-pressure chamber 2 is further provided with a gas extraction interface 12, a gas filling interface 13, an exhaust interface 14 and a vacuum gauge 15, the gas extraction interface 12, the gas filling interface 13 and the exhaust interface 14 are fixedly arranged on the side wall of the low-pressure chamber 2, the low-pressure chamber 2 is fixedly connected with a vacuum pump 21 through the gas extraction structure, the low-pressure chamber 2 is fixedly connected with a gas filling bottle 22 through the gas filling interface 13, and the vacuum gauge 15 is fixedly arranged on the top of the low-pressure chamber 2.

[0030] It can be understood that the gas extraction interface 12, the gas filling interface 13, the exhaust interface 14 and the vacuum gauge 15 are designed, the vacuum gauge 15 is used to monitor the air pressure level in the low-pressure chamber 2 in real time, the low-pressure chamber 2 can realize the arc burning environment of different pure gases through different kinds of pure gases and the gas filling interface 13, and the low-pressure chamber 2 can realize the arc burning environment of different low air pressure levels through the vacuum pump 21, the gas extraction interface 12, the exhaust interface 14 and the vacuum gauge 15, so as to realize the arc control in different environments.

[0031] The low-pressure chamber 2 is provided with a support box body 1 below, the support box body 1 is arranged in a cuboid box structure, and a stepping motor 16 is further arranged in the support box body 1.

[0032] It can be understood that the height of the support rod 23 is adjusted by the stepping motor 16, the support structure in the application comprises the support rod 23 and the stepping motor 16, the moving electrode 4 is fixedly arranged above the support rod 23, the running state of the stepping motor 16 is controlled in real time by the stepping motor controller 18, so that the up-down movement of the moving electrode 4 is accurately controlled, the running speed is adjustable between 1-100mm / s, the running distance is 0-400mm, and the accuracy is 0.1mm.

[0033] The support box 1 is further provided with a control terminal, the control terminal comprises a low-pressure bin controller 17, a stepping motor controller 18, a power supply controller 19 and a data acquisition structure controller 20, and the control terminal is electrically connected with the magnetic field generating structure, the electric arc burning structure, the stepping motor 16, the power supply 7 and the data acquisition structure respectively.

[0034] It can be understood that the present application controls the magnetic field generating structure, the electric arc burning structure, the stepping motor 16, the power supply 7 and the data acquisition structure through the control terminal, so as to ensure that the equipment is automatically operated and the error of manual operation is reduced.

[0035] Embodiment 2:

[0036] As shown in the figure, the embodiment provides an alternating magnetic field-based electric arc dynamic characteristic regulation method, and the method comprises steps S1, S2 and S3. Figure 4

[0037] Step S1, obtaining a first control instruction, the first control instruction is a control command for adjusting the equipment according to a preset environment parameter, and the environment parameter comprises a low-pressure bin pressure value, a lifting speed of a moving electrode, a distance between the moving electrode and a fixed electrode, an excitation current and a gas required to be filled in the low-pressure bin.

[0038] It can be understood that all the equipment is adjusted in sequence through the preset environment parameter, and the environment parameter comprises different kinds of low-pressure bin pressure values, different lifting speeds of the moving electrode, different distances between the moving electrode and the fixed electrode, different excitation currents and different kinds of gases required to be filled in the low-pressure bin, wherein the above parameters are combined in sequence to achieve the purpose that a plurality of combinations and a plurality of ranges can be experimented.

[0039] Step S2, adjusting the equipment according to the first control command, and collecting data based on the data acquisition structure to obtain electric arc data in at least two environments, the electric arc data comprising electric arc image information collected by a high-speed camera, electric arc spectrum information collected by a spectrometer and signal information collected by an oscilloscope.

[0040] Step S3, sending all the electric arc data in the environments to a preprocessing module for processing, and sending the preprocessed data to an optimized neural network model for processing to obtain environment information with the lowest ablation damage to the electrode.

[0041] It can be understood that the present application can predict the environment with the lowest ablation damage to the electrode by preprocessing the electric arc data in each environment, thereby increasing the service life of the electric contact system.

[0042] ​In this step, step S3 includes step S31, step S32, step S33, step S34 and step S35.

[0043] Step S31, the gray scale image information obtained by the gray scale transformation of the arc image information collected by the high-speed camera is obtained by the gray scale transformation.

[0044] Step S32, the gray scale image information obtained by the gray scale transformation is subjected to Fourier transform, and the spatial domain information of the gray scale image is converted into frequency domain information.

[0045] Step S33, the frequency domain information is decomposed according to the preset threshold, wherein the frequency domain information greater than the preset threshold is recorded as high frequency image information, and the frequency domain information less than the preset threshold is recorded as low frequency image information.

[0046] Step S34, the high frequency image information is sharpened and the low frequency image information is smoothed, and the enhanced arc image information is obtained.

[0047] Step S35, the enhanced arc image information, the arc spectrum information collected by the spectrometer and the signal information collected by the oscilloscope are respectively associated with the corresponding environmental parameters, and the preprocessed data under each environmental parameter is obtained.

[0048] It can be understood that this step is to perform gray scale transformation on the image collected by the high-speed camera, then segment the gray scale image obtained by the gray scale transformation based on Fourier transform, and then obtain the arc image, and then perform enhancement processing on the arc image to obtain the enhanced arc image information, and finally associate the enhanced arc image information, the arc spectrum information collected by the spectrometer and the signal information collected by the oscilloscope with the corresponding environmental parameters to determine all the information collected by the data acquisition structure under each environment.

[0049] In this step, step S3 further includes step S36, step S37 and step S38.

[0050] Step S36, the historical preprocessed data under each environmental parameter is classified into training set and validation set.

[0051] Step S37, the training set is sent to the BP neural network model for training, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the data after training of the BP neural network model, wherein the trained data and the preset particle swarm parameters are sent to the preset particle swarm optimization model for processing, the particle fitness value is calculated by the particle swarm optimization algorithm, and the individual optimal position and the global optimal position of the particle are obtained according to the fitness of the particles in the particle swarm.

[0052] Step S38: Based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm, dynamically track the optimal position of each individual particle and the global optimal position to continuously update the velocity and position of all particles until the particle swarm optimization algorithm reaches the maximum number of iterations, and obtain the optimized neural network model.

[0053] It is understandable that this step uses neural networks to predict arc information, predict the arc motion characteristics and arc temperature rise characteristics under different gas pressure levels and gas environments, and then predict the environment with the lowest ablation damage to the electrodes, thereby increasing the service life of the electrical contact system.

[0054] It should be noted that the specific manner in which each module performs its operation in the apparatus described in the above embodiments has been described in detail in the embodiments of the method, and will not be elaborated here.

[0055] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A device for controlling the dynamic characteristics of an electric arc based on an alternating magnetic field, characterized in that, include: Low-pressure chamber (2); A magnetic field generating structure is disposed inside the low-pressure chamber (2); An electric arc ignition structure, comprising a fixed electrode (3) and a moving electrode (4), wherein the upper top surface of the fixed electrode (3) is fixedly connected to the top of the low-pressure chamber (2), the fixed electrode (3) is disposed on the central axis of the low-pressure chamber (2) perpendicular to the ground, and the moving electrode (4) is disposed on the central axis of the low-pressure chamber (2) perpendicular to the ground, and the moving electrode (4) is disposed directly below the fixed electrode (3); as well as The top of the support structure is fixedly connected to the moving electrode (4). The moving electrode (4) can be moved up and down in the low-pressure chamber (2) by adjusting the height of the support structure. The low-pressure chamber (2) is also provided with a suction port (12), a filling port (13), a venting port (14), and a vacuum gauge (15). The suction port (12), the filling port (13), and the venting port (14) are all fixedly installed on the side wall of the low-pressure chamber (2). The low-pressure chamber (2) is fixedly connected to the vacuum pump (21) through the suction port (12). The low-pressure chamber (2) is fixedly connected to the gas cylinder (22) through the filling port (13). The vacuum gauge (15) is fixedly installed on the top of the low-pressure chamber (2). The low-pressure chamber (2) is provided with a glass window (8) on its side wall, and the height of the glass window (8) is the same as the height of the electric arc combustion structure. The low-pressure chamber (2) is also provided with a data acquisition structure on its outside. The data acquisition structure is set in correspondence with the glass window (8). The data acquisition structure includes a high-speed camera (9), a spectrometer (10) and an oscilloscope (11). The height of the high-speed camera (9) is the same as the height of the magnetic field generating structure. The spectrometer (10) is set in parallel with the high-speed camera (9). The oscilloscope (11) is electrically connected to the fixed electrode (3).

2. The arc dynamic characteristic control device based on alternating magnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic field generating structure includes a coil (5), an insulating support (6), and a power supply (7). The insulating support (6) is provided in at least two sets, and each set of the insulating support (6) has at least two units. Each set of the insulating support (6) is symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the low-pressure chamber (2) perpendicular to the ground. All the insulating supports (6) are fixedly installed at the bottom of the low-pressure chamber (2). Each insulating support (6) has a coil (5) on its top, and each coil (5) is electrically connected to the power supply (7).

3. The arc dynamic characteristic control device based on alternating magnetic field according to claim 2, characterized in that, A support box (1) is provided directly below the low-pressure chamber (2). The support box (1) is a rectangular box structure. A stepper motor (16) is also provided inside the support box (1). The stepper motor (16) is located at the bottom of the support rod (23). The stepper motor (16) is electrically connected to the power supply (7).

4. The arc dynamic characteristic control device based on alternating magnetic field according to claim 3, characterized in that, The support box (1) is also equipped with a control terminal, which includes a low-pressure chamber controller (17), a stepper motor controller (18), a power controller (19) and a data acquisition structure controller (20). The control terminal is electrically connected to the magnetic field generating structure, the electric arc ignition structure, the stepper motor (16), the power supply (7) and the data acquisition structure, respectively.

5. A method for controlling the dynamic characteristics of an electric arc based on an alternating magnetic field, characterized in that, include: Obtain a first control command, which is a control command to adjust the equipment according to preset environmental parameters. The environmental parameters include the low-pressure chamber pressure value, the lifting speed of the moving electrode, the distance between the moving electrode and the fixed electrode, the excitation current, and the gas to be filled into the low-pressure chamber. The equipment is adjusted according to the first control command, and data is collected based on the data acquisition structure to obtain arc data under at least two environments. The arc data includes arc image information acquired by a high-speed camera, arc spectral information acquired by a spectrometer, and signal information acquired by an oscilloscope. Arc data from all environments are sent to a preprocessing module for processing, and the preprocessed data is then sent to an optimized neural network model for further processing to obtain environmental information that minimizes ablation damage to the electrodes.

6. The method for controlling the dynamic characteristics of an electric arc based on an alternating magnetic field according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of sending all arc data from all environments to the preprocessing module for processing includes: The arc image information captured by the high-speed camera is subjected to grayscale transformation to obtain a grayscale image after grayscale transformation; The grayscale image after grayscale transformation is subjected to Fourier transform to convert the spatial domain information of the grayscale image into frequency domain information. The frequency domain information is decomposed according to a preset threshold, wherein frequency domain information greater than the preset threshold is recorded as high-frequency image information, and frequency domain information less than the preset threshold is recorded as low-frequency image information. The high-frequency image information is sharpened and the low-frequency image information is smoothed to obtain enhanced arc image information. The enhanced arc image information, the arc spectrum information acquired by the spectrometer, and the signal information acquired by the oscilloscope are correlated with the corresponding environmental parameters to obtain preprocessed data for each environmental parameter.

7. The method for controlling the dynamic characteristics of an electric arc based on an alternating magnetic field according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method for constructing the optimized neural network model includes: The historical preprocessed data under each environmental parameter is classified into training set and validation set; The training set is sent to a BP neural network model for training, and the data after training the BP neural network model is optimized using a particle swarm optimization algorithm. The trained data and preset particle swarm parameters are sent to a preset particle swarm optimization model for processing. The particle fitness value is calculated by the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Based on the fitness of the particles in the particle swarm, the individual optimal position and the global optimal position of the particles are obtained. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to dynamically track the optimal position of individual particles and the global optimal position to continuously update the velocity and position of all particles until the particle swarm optimization algorithm reaches the maximum number of iterations, thus obtaining the optimized neural network model.

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