A method for separating and purifying medical waste

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for separating and purifying medical waste, comprising the following steps: step 1, performing solid-liquid separation on metal waste and waste liquid in medical waste, cleaning and disinfecting the metal waste, removing dirt and harmful bacteria attached to the surface of the metal waste, making the recovered metal waste meet health standards, and treating the waste liquid through an aerobic-anaerobic treatment method; step 2, reacting the metal waste with an oxidant to oxidize it into oxides, and then reducing it to metal waste through a reduction reaction. This method for separating and purifying medical waste can separate harmful substances such as impurities, bacteria, and viruses from the metal waste through multiple purifications, avoiding impacts on subsequent use and also avoiding impacts on the environment; treating the waste liquid not only avoids the impact of harmful bacteria carried on the surface of the metal waste on the environment, but also allows for secondary use, thereby improving the utilization rate of medical waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of waste purification, and in particular relates to a method for separating and purifying medical waste. Background Art

[0002] Among medical waste, infusion bags, infusion tubes, saline and plasma bags, syringes, medical protective clothing, gloves, masks, packaging of solid and liquid medicines, as well as patients' clothes, quilts and other ward supplies, rubber and plastic products, polymer compounds, cotton wool gauze, bandages and other plant fibers account for about 85% of the total, and others (such as metal needles, surgical tools and human organs) account for about 15%.

[0003] Currently, most areas are using simple, low-level, comprehensive utilization treatment methods that do not meet safety disposal standards. Landfills without anti-seepage facilities and incineration without exhaust gas treatment are highly susceptible to secondary pollution. Most units use hot water boilers or intermittent incineration for low-temperature disposal. These incineration processes are small-scale and their furnace designs are not adapted to the characteristics of medical waste, potentially generating secondary pollution such as smoke, odor, ash, and wastewater. Currently, most medical waste incinerator manufacturers simply discard metal waste, which is a waste of resources. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems raised in the above background technology, the present invention provides a method for separating and purifying medical waste.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for separating and purifying medical waste, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Separate the metal waste and waste liquid from the medical waste into solid-liquid phases, clean and disinfect the metal waste to remove dirt and harmful bacteria attached to the surface of the metal waste, ensure that the recovered metal waste meets hygiene standards, and treat the waste liquid through an aerobic-anaerobic treatment process;

[0007] Step 2: reacting the metal waste with an oxidant to oxidize it into oxides, and then reducing it into metal waste through a reduction reaction;

[0008] Step 3: placing the reduced metal waste in a solvent and then purifying it by electrolysis;

[0009] Step 4: Place the purified metal waste into a vacuum furnace, heat it to a high temperature to melt it, and use a vacuum pump to suck out the impurities in the metal;

[0010] Step 5: Cool the molten metal waste to a low temperature to solidify it. During the cooling process, impurities in the metal are removed by gas phase condensation.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 2, the oxidant is any one or more of oxygen, ferric oxide, and ferric chloride, the oxidation time is 1-2 hours, and the oxidation temperature is 800-900°C.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 2, the reducing agent is any one or more of hydrogen, carbon, and aluminum, the reduction time is 2-4 hours, and the reduction temperature is 600-700°C.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 3, the solvent is a mixed solution of sulfuric acid and chromic acid, the solution concentration is 100-200 g / L, the electrolysis time is 2-4 h, and the electrolysis temperature is 50-60°C.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 4, the metal waste is heated to 1400-1500°C and the pressure is controlled at 10 -5 pa, heating time is 2-4h.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 5, the metal waste is cooled to 600-1000° C. at a cooling rate of 10-15° C. / min.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 5, during the cooling process, it is necessary to maintain the vacuum by injecting an inert gas, and the inert gas can be argon.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the wastewater is treated by an aerobic-anaerobic treatment method, comprising the following steps:

[0018] Step 1.1, the waste liquid is first put into an aerobic reactor to degrade organic matter into small molecular organic matter;

[0019] Step 1.2: The degraded small-molecule organic matter is put into an anaerobic reactor, and the small-molecule organic matter is degraded into biogas and sediment through the metabolism of microorganisms.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the small molecule organic substances is 1-5 microns, and the types include proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the metal waste is any one of 316L stainless steel, 17-4PH stainless steel, and 420 stainless steel.

[0022] The present invention solves the defects existing in the background technology and has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] This medical waste separation and purification method can separate impurities, bacteria, viruses and other harmful substances in metal waste through multiple purifications, avoiding impact on subsequent use and also avoiding impact on the environment; treating the waste liquid can not only prevent harmful bacteria carried on the surface of the metal waste from affecting the environment, but also can reuse it, thereby improving the utilization rate of medical waste.

[0024] This medical waste separation and purification method can remove impurities such as oxides and sulfides in metal waste through redox reactions. At the same time, the high temperature in the redox reaction can kill uncleaned viruses and bacteria on the surface of the metal waste, avoiding any impact on subsequent use.

[0025] This medical waste separation and purification method can remove impurities such as copper, iron, and nickel from metal waste through dissolution electrolysis. At the same time, the high-purity stainless steel material re-prepared from the electrolyzed metal waste has excellent properties such as good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. By adjusting the electrolysis conditions, the composition and ingredients of the material can be controlled to obtain a material that meets specific needs.

[0026] The medical waste separation and purification method can remove impurities and harmful substances in metal waste through vacuum melting and gas phase condensation, including but not limited to oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, FeO, Cr2O3 and metal impurities such as iron, chromium, and nickel, so as to achieve higher purity. At the same time, the smelted metal waste can have excellent properties such as good high temperature resistance.

[0027] The medical waste separation and purification method can degrade a large amount of organic matter contained in medical waste liquid into biogas and sediment through an aerobic-anaerobic treatment method, thereby achieving the purpose of treating the waste liquid, and these products can be utilized, such as biogas can be used as energy, and sediment can be used as fertilizer or landfill. Treating medical waste liquid by this method can reduce the emission of pollutants and achieve the purpose of environmental protection. At the same time, it can improve the utilization rate of resources and achieve the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention will now be further described in detail with reference to the embodiments.

[0029] A method for separating and purifying medical waste, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0030] Step 1: Separate the metal waste and waste liquid from the medical waste into solid-liquid phases, clean and disinfect the metal waste to remove dirt and harmful bacteria attached to the surface of the metal waste, ensure that the recovered metal waste meets hygiene standards, and treat the waste liquid through an aerobic-anaerobic treatment process;

[0031] Step 2: reacting the metal waste with an oxidant to oxidize it into oxides, and then reducing it to metal waste through a reduction reaction; in step 2, the reducing agent is any one or more of hydrogen, carbon, and aluminum, the reduction time is 2, and the reduction temperature is 600°C; in step 2, the oxidant is any one or more of oxygen, iron oxide, and iron chloride, the oxidation time is 1 hour, and the oxidation temperature is 800°C; this medical waste separation and purification method can remove impurities such as oxides and sulfides in metal waste through redox reactions, and at the same time, the high temperature in the redox reaction can kill viruses and bacteria that have not been cleaned on the surface of the metal waste, avoiding affecting subsequent use.

[0032] Step 3: placing the reduced metal waste in a solvent and then purifying it by electrolysis; in step 3, the solvent is a mixed solution of sulfuric acid and chromic acid, the solution concentration is 100 g / L, the electrolysis time is 2 hours, and the electrolysis temperature is 50°C; this medical waste separation and purification method can remove impurities such as copper, iron, and nickel in metal waste through dissolution electrolysis. At the same time, the high-purity stainless steel material prepared from the electrolyzed metal waste has excellent properties in terms of corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, and by adjusting the electrolysis conditions, the components and ingredients of the material can be controlled to obtain a material that meets specific needs.

[0033] Step 4: Place the purified metal waste into a vacuum furnace, heat it to a high temperature, melt it, and use a vacuum pump to suck out the impurities in the metal. In step 4, heat the metal waste to 1400°C and control the pressure at 10 - 5 pa, the heating time is 2h; the medical waste separation and purification method can remove impurities and harmful substances in metal waste through vacuum melting method and gas phase condensation method, including but not limited to oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, FeO, Cr2O3 and metal impurities such as iron, chromium, and nickel, so as to make it have higher purity, and at the same time, can make the smelted metal waste have excellent properties such as good high temperature resistance.

[0034] Step 5: Cool the molten metal waste to a low temperature to solidify it. During the cooling process, impurities in the metal are removed by gas condensation. In step 5, the metal waste is cooled to 600°C at a cooling rate of 10°C / min. In step 5, during the cooling process, it is necessary to maintain the vacuum by injecting an inert gas, and the inert gas can be argon. The medical waste separation and purification method can degrade a large amount of organic matter contained in the medical waste liquid into biogas and sediment through an aerobic-anaerobic treatment method, thereby achieving the purpose of treating the waste liquid, and these products can be utilized, such as biogas can be used as energy, and sediment can be used as fertilizer or landfill. Treating medical waste liquid by this method can reduce the emission of pollutants and achieve the purpose of environmental protection. At the same time, it can improve the utilization rate of resources and achieve the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0035] This medical waste separation and purification method can separate impurities, bacteria, viruses and other harmful substances in metal waste through multiple purifications, avoiding impact on subsequent use and also avoiding impact on the environment; treating the waste liquid can not only prevent harmful bacteria carried on the surface of the metal waste from affecting the environment, but also can reuse it, thereby improving the utilization rate of medical waste.

[0036] The wastewater is treated by an aerobic-anaerobic treatment method, comprising the following steps:

[0037] Step 1.1: The waste liquid is first put into an aerobic reactor to degrade organic matter into small molecular organic matter; Step 1.2: The degraded small molecular organic matter is put into an anaerobic reactor to degrade the small molecular organic matter into biogas and sediment through the metabolism of microorganisms.

[0038] Small molecule organic matter has a diameter of 2 microns and includes proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

[0039] The metal waste is 316L stainless steel. Example

[0040] A method for separating and purifying medical waste, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0041] Step 1: Separate the metal waste and waste liquid from the medical waste into solid-liquid phases, clean and disinfect the metal waste to remove dirt and harmful bacteria attached to the surface of the metal waste, ensure that the recovered metal waste meets hygiene standards, and treat the waste liquid through an aerobic-anaerobic treatment process;

[0042] Step 2: reacting the metal waste with an oxidant to oxidize it into oxides, and then reducing it to metal waste through a reduction reaction; in step 2, the reducing agent is any one or more of hydrogen, carbon, and aluminum, the reduction time is 4 hours, and the reduction temperature is 700°C; in step 2, the oxidant is any one or more of oxygen, iron oxide, and iron chloride, the oxidation time is 2 hours, and the oxidation temperature is 900°C.

[0043] Step 3: Place the reduced metal waste in a solvent and then purify it by electrolysis; in step 3, the solvent is a mixed solution of sulfuric acid and chromic acid, the solution concentration is 200 g / L, the electrolysis time is 4 hours, and the electrolysis temperature is 60°C.

[0044] Step 4: Place the purified metal waste into a vacuum furnace, heat it to a high temperature, melt it, and use a vacuum pump to suck out the impurities in the metal; In step 4, heat the metal waste to 1500°C and control the pressure at 10 - 5 pa, heating time is 4h.

[0045] Step 5: Cool the molten metal waste to a low temperature to solidify it. During the cooling process, impurities in the metal are removed by gas phase condensation. In step 5, the metal waste is cooled to 1000°C at a cooling rate of 15°C / min. In step 5, during the cooling process, it is necessary to maintain the vacuum by injecting an inert gas, which can be argon.

[0046] The wastewater is treated by an aerobic-anaerobic treatment method, comprising the following steps:

[0047] Step 1.1: The waste liquid is first put into an aerobic reactor to degrade organic matter into small molecular organic matter; Step 1.2: The degraded small molecular organic matter is put into an anaerobic reactor to degrade the small molecular organic matter into biogas and sediment through the metabolism of microorganisms.

[0048] Small molecule organic matter has a diameter of 1-5 microns and includes proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

[0049] The metal waste is 316L stainless steel.

[0050] The present invention provides a method for separating and purifying medical waste, comprising the following steps:

[0051] Step 1: Separate the metal waste and waste liquid from the medical waste into solid-liquid phases, clean and disinfect the metal waste to remove dirt and harmful bacteria attached to the surface of the metal waste, ensure that the recovered metal waste meets hygiene standards, and treat the waste liquid through an aerobic-anaerobic treatment process;

[0052] Step 2: reacting the metal waste with an oxidant to oxidize it into oxides, and then reducing it into metal waste through a reduction reaction;

[0053] Step 3: placing the reduced metal waste in a solvent and then purifying it by electrolysis;

[0054] Step 4: Place the purified metal waste into a vacuum furnace, heat it to a high temperature to melt it, and use a vacuum pump to suck out the impurities in the metal;

[0055] Step 5: Cool the molten metal waste to a low temperature to solidify it. During the cooling process, impurities in the metal are removed by gas phase condensation.

[0056] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0057] Throughout this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example as being included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. Throughout this specification, the illustrative expressions of these terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0058] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention. A person skilled in the art may alter, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for separating and purifying medical waste, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Step 1: solid-liquid separation of metal waste and waste liquid in medical waste, cleaning and disinfecting the metal waste to remove dirt and harmful bacteria attached to the surface of the metal waste so that the recovered metal waste meets the hygiene standards, and treating the waste liquid through aerobic-anaerobic treatment. The metal waste is any one of 316L stainless steel, 17-4PH stainless steel, and 420 stainless steel; Step 2: reacting the metal waste with an oxidant to oxidize it into oxides, and then reducing it into metal waste through a reduction reaction; The oxidant is any one or more of oxygen, iron oxide, and iron chloride. The oxidation time is 1-2 hours and the oxidation temperature is 800-900°C. The reducing agent is any one or more of hydrogen, carbon, and aluminum. The reduction time is 2-4 hours and the reduction temperature is 600-700°C. Through redox reaction, oxide and sulfide impurities in metal waste can be removed; Step 3: placing the reduced metal waste in a solvent and then purifying it by electrolysis; The solvent is a mixed solution of sulfuric acid and chromic acid, the solution concentration is 100-200g / L, the electrolysis time is 2-4h, and the electrolysis temperature is 50-60℃; Remove copper, iron and nickel impurities from metal waste; Step 4: Place the purified metal waste into a vacuum furnace, heat it to a high temperature to melt it, and use a vacuum pump to suck out the impurities in the metal; Heat the metal waste to 1400-1500℃ and control the pressure at 10 -5 pa, heating time is 2-4h; Step 5: Cool the molten metal waste to a low temperature to solidify it. During the cooling process, impurities in the metal are removed by gas phase condensation; Cool the metal waste to 600-1000℃ at a cooling rate of 10-15℃ / min; During the cooling process, it is also necessary to maintain the vacuum by injecting an inert gas, which can be argon. Through vacuum melting and gas phase condensation methods, impurities and harmful substances in metal waste can be removed, including oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, FeO, Cr2O3 and iron, chromium and nickel metal impurities.

2. A method for separating and purifying medical waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wastewater is treated by an aerobic-anaerobic treatment method, comprising the following steps: Step 1.1, the waste liquid is first put into an aerobic reactor to degrade organic matter into small molecular organic matter; Step 1.2: The degraded small-molecule organic matter is put into an anaerobic reactor, and the small-molecule organic matter is degraded into biogas and sediment through the metabolism of microorganisms.

3. A method for separating and purifying medical waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: The small molecule organic substances have a diameter of 1-5 microns and include proteins, fats and carbohydrates.