A rydberg atom electric field sensing device and system

Abstract

The application discloses a Rydberg atom electric field sensing device and system, and is applied to the field of quantum sensing.The device comprises an atom chamber, a first distributed feedback laser and a second distributed feedback laser.The first distributed feedback laser and the second distributed feedback laser each comprise a laser source resonant cavity formed inside.The first distributed feedback laser and the second distributed feedback laser generate laser based on optical feedback and optical amplification of the laser source resonant cavity inside each of them, and the laser is used as probe light and pump light respectively, and enters from one side of the atom chamber, so that the atoms in the atom chamber reach the excited state and the Rydberg state in turn.The application uses the distributed feedback laser as the pump light and the probe light for exciting the Rydberg atom, provides a miniaturized light source for the Rydberg atom electric field sensing device, improves the integration of the device, has the advantages of miniaturization, is easy to move, is suitable for a harsh outdoor environment, and can realize large-scale integration of chips.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of quantum sensing, and in particular to a Rydberg atom electric field sensing device and system. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional Rydberg atom electric field sensors primarily utilize cascaded two-photon excitation of 852 nm and 509 nm lasers to achieve the Rydberg state of cesium atoms. Regarding the 509 nm laser, a 1018 nm external cavity semiconductor laser is first used to output a continuously tunable laser with a wavelength range of 1016 nm to 1020 nm. This laser is then amplified by a 1018 nm fiber amplifier to output a 1018 nm laser, and finally, the 509 nm laser is generated through cavity enhancement frequency doubling. However, this method requires a laboratory-scale optical platform, which is technically complex, bulky, and correspondingly expensive. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a Rydberg atom electric field sensing device and system, which solves the problems of the complexity, large size and correspondingly high cost of the existing Rydberg atom electric field sensor technology.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a Rydberg atomic electric field sensing device, comprising:

[0005] An atomic gas chamber, a first distributed feedback laser, and a second distributed feedback laser; both the first and second distributed feedback lasers include an internally formed laser source resonant cavity.

[0006] The first distributed feedback laser is a laser generated by optical feedback and optical amplification based on the internal laser source resonant cavity, which serves as the probe light; the probe light enters from one side of the atomic gas cell along a first preset direction to excite the atoms in the atomic gas cell.

[0007] The second distributed feedback laser is used as pump light, which is generated by optical feedback and optical amplification based on the internal laser source resonant cavity. The pump light enters from the other side of the atomic gas cell along a second preset direction, so that the atoms in the excited state in the atomic gas cell reach the Rydberg state. The second preset direction is on the same straight line as the first preset direction, but in opposite directions.

[0008] When the atoms in the atomic gas chamber are in the Rydberg state, the probe light is emitted from the side of the pump light entering the atomic gas chamber along the first preset direction and enters the photodetector.

[0009] Optionally, the probe light enters the atomic gas chamber along the first preset direction through a first coupling optical fiber disposed on one side of the atomic gas chamber;

[0010] The pump light enters the atomic gas chamber along the second preset direction through a second coupling fiber disposed on the other side of the atomic gas chamber; the second coupling fiber and the first coupling fiber are aligned along the atomic gas chamber.

[0011] When the atoms in the atomic gas chamber are in the Rydberg state, the probe light is emitted along the first preset direction through the second coupling optical fiber and enters the photodetector.

[0012] Optionally, a first focusing lens is disposed between the first coupling optical fiber and the atomic gas chamber;

[0013] A second focusing lens is disposed between the second coupling optical fiber and the atomic gas chamber.

[0014] Optionally, the pump light enters the atomic gas chamber via a beam splitter prism;

[0015] The probe light emitted from the atomic gas chamber is separated from the incident pump light by the beam splitter and then enters the photodetector.

[0016] Optionally, the glass outer wall in the atomic gas chamber has a polarizability of less than 0.3 percent at room temperature.

[0017] Optionally, both the first distributed feedback laser and the second distributed feedback laser include:

[0018] Substrate, semiconductor material nanostructure, positive electrode, negative electrode, and Bragg grating;

[0019] The semiconductor material nanostructure is fabricated on one side of the substrate;

[0020] The two ends of the semiconductor material nanostructure are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode, forming the laser source resonant cavity;

[0021] The surface or side of the laser source resonant cavity is integrated with a Bragg grating structure.

[0022] Optionally, the surface of the semiconductor structure in the semiconductor material nanostructure is sequentially covered with an insulating layer and a metal film layer to form the laser source resonant cavity.

[0023] Optionally, the substrate is a conductive substrate;

[0024] The negative electrode is disposed at one end of the semiconductor material nanostructure that is not in contact with the conductive substrate, and the positive electrode is disposed in the conductive substrate.

[0025] Optionally, the positive electrode and the semiconductor material nanostructure are disposed on the same side of the conductive substrate.

[0026] The present invention also provides a Rydberg atom electric field sensing system, including a photodetector and a Rydberg atom electric field sensing device as described above.

[0027] The photodetector is located in the optical path of the probe light emitted from the atomic gas cell to receive the probe light.

[0028] As can be seen, the Rydberg atomic electric field sensing device provided by the present invention includes an atomic gas chamber, a first distributed feedback laser, and a second distributed feedback laser. Both the first and second distributed feedback lasers include an internally formed laser source resonant cavity. The laser generated by the first distributed feedback laser through optical feedback and amplification based on the internal laser source resonant cavity serves as the probe light, entering from one side of the atomic gas chamber along a first preset direction to excite the atoms in the atomic gas chamber. The laser generated by the second distributed feedback laser through optical feedback and amplification based on the internal laser source resonant cavity serves as the pump light, entering from the other side of the atomic gas chamber along a second preset direction to excite the atoms in the atomic gas chamber to reach the Rydberg state. The second preset direction and the first preset direction are on the same straight line but opposite in direction. When the atoms in the atomic gas chamber are in the Rydberg state, the probe light exits from the side of the pump light entering the atomic gas chamber along the first preset direction and enters the photodetector. This invention provides a miniaturized light source for a Rydberg atom electric field sensing device by using a narrow-linewidth distributed feedback laser as the pump light and probe light to excite alkali metal Rydberg atoms. This allows the device to be integrated into a single unit, offering the advantages of miniaturization. It is also easy to move, suitable for harsh outdoor environments, and can achieve large-scale chip-scale integration.

[0029] In addition, the present invention also provides a Rydberg atomic electric field sensing system, which also has the above-mentioned beneficial effects. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a Rydberg atomic electric field sensing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a distributed feedback laser in a Rydberg atomic electric field sensing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 A carrier density distribution diagram of a 510nm laser provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 A photon density distribution diagram of a 510nm laser provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 A relaxation oscillation diagram of a 510nm laser provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 A lasing spectrum of a 510nm laser provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 A carrier density distribution diagram of an 852nm laser provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8 A photon density distribution diagram of an 852nm laser provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 9 A relaxation oscillation diagram of an 852nm laser provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 10 A lasing spectrum of an 852nm laser provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Appendix Figures 1 to 2 The reference numerals in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0042] 10-atomic gas chamber;

[0043] 20 - First distributed feedback laser;

[0044] 30 - Second distributed feedback laser;

[0045] 40 - Photodetector;

[0046] 50 - First coupling fiber;

[0047] 60 - Second coupling fiber;

[0048] 70 - First focusing lens;

[0049] 80 - Second focusing lens;

[0050] 90-beam splitter;

[0051] 21-Substrate;

[0052] 22-Semiconductor material nanostructure, 221-Semiconductor structure, 222-Insulating layer, 223-Metallic film layer;

[0053] 23 - Positive electrode;

[0054] 24-Bracket Grating. Detailed Implementation

[0055] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] Because of the large electric dipole moment of Rydberg atoms, electromagnetically induced transparent spectroscopy based on quantum state transition channel interference exhibits a higher frequency response to microwave fields, making it suitable for microwave electric field measurements. Current microwave electric field measurement schemes are generally based on the absorption or transmission spectra of the medium, which limits the improvement of microwave electric field measurement sensitivity due to factors such as spectral linewidth.

[0057] Traditional Rydberg atom electric field sensors primarily utilize cascaded two-photon excitation of 852 nm and 509 nm lasers to achieve the Rydberg state of cesium atoms. Regarding the 509 nm laser, a 1018 nm external cavity semiconductor laser is first used to output a continuously tunable laser with a wavelength range of 1016 nm to 1020 nm. This laser is then amplified by a 1018 nm fiber amplifier to output a 1018 nm laser, and finally, the 509 nm laser is generated through cavity enhancement frequency doubling. However, this method requires a laboratory-scale optical platform, which is technically complex, bulky, and correspondingly expensive.

[0058] This invention provides a miniaturized light source for a Rydberg atom electric field sensing device by using a narrow-linewidth distributed feedback laser as the pump light and probe light to excite alkali metal Rydberg atoms. This allows the device to be integrated into a single unit, offering the advantages of miniaturization. It is also easy to move, suitable for harsh outdoor environments, and can achieve large-scale chip-scale integration.

[0059] Example 1:

[0060] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a Rydberg atomic electric field sensing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The device may include:

[0061] The atomic gas chamber 10, the first distributed feedback laser 20, and the second distributed feedback laser 30; both the first distributed feedback laser 20 and the second distributed feedback laser 30 include a laser source resonant cavity formed inside them.

[0062] The first distributed feedback laser 20 uses laser light generated by optical feedback and optical amplification based on the internal laser source resonant cavity as the probe light; the probe light enters from one side of the atomic gas chamber 10 along a first preset direction to excite the atoms in the atomic gas chamber 10.

[0063] The second distributed feedback laser 30 uses the laser generated by optical feedback and optical amplification based on the internal laser source resonant cavity as pump light; the pump light enters from the other side of the atomic gas chamber 10 along the second preset direction, so that the atoms in the excited state in the atomic gas chamber 10 reach the Rydberg state; the second preset direction is on the same straight line as the first preset direction, but in opposite directions;

[0064] When the atoms in the atomic gas chamber 10 are in the Rydberg state, the probe light is emitted from the side of the pump light entering the atomic gas chamber 10 along the first preset direction and enters the photodetector 40.

[0065] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the lasing wavelength of the probe light emitted by the first distributed feedback laser 20 in the Rydberg atomic electric field sensor can be 852 nm, so that the atoms in the atomic gas chamber 10 reach an excited state. Correspondingly, the lasing wavelength of the pump light emitted by the first distributed feedback laser 30 can be 510 nm, so that the atoms in the atomic gas chamber 10 excited to the excited state by the first distributed feedback laser 20 reach the Rydberg state. In this embodiment, by setting the laser device in the Rydberg atomic electric field sensing device as a distributed feedback laser, and forming a resonant cavity of the laser source inside the distributed feedback laser, it is possible to ensure the direct emission of a specific wavelength laser beam that causes energy level transitions in the atomic gas chamber. In this embodiment, while the first distributed feedback laser 20 directly emits a laser beam with a wavelength of 852 nm and the second distributed feedback laser 30 directly emits a laser beam with a wavelength of 510 nm, the cost and size of the laser device are reduced. In this embodiment, along the first preset direction, the probe light enters the pump light side from the atomic gas chamber 10, and after separating from the pump light, it enters the photodetector.

[0066] This embodiment does not limit the specific positions of the openings for the probe light and pump light entering the atomic gas chamber 10, as long as they are aligned along the atomic gas chamber 10. This embodiment does not limit the specific structures of the first distributed feedback laser 20 and the second distributed feedback laser 30, as long as they can emit laser beams of a specific wavelength that cause energy level transitions in the atoms within the atomic gas chamber. For example, the first distributed feedback laser 20 and the second distributed feedback laser 30 can be side-emitting distributed feedback lasers, or they can be surface-emitting distributed feedback lasers. This embodiment does not limit the manner in which the probe light and pump light enter the atomic gas chamber 10. For example, the probe light and pump light can enter the atomic gas chamber 10 through a coupling optical fiber, or through optical devices, or through other means. This embodiment does not limit the manner in which the probe light and pump light exit from the side of the atomic gas chamber 10 that receives the pump light. For example, the emitted probe light can be separated from the pump light by a beam splitter, or the emitted probe light can also be separated from the pump light by other optical devices. This embodiment does not limit the relative position between the first distributed feedback laser 20 and the atomic gas chamber 10. Correspondingly, this embodiment does not limit the relative position between the second distributed feedback laser 30 and the atomic gas chamber 10, as long as the lasers emitted by the first distributed feedback laser 20 and the second distributed feedback laser 30 can enter the atomic gas chamber 10, and the probe light and pump light are aligned when entering the atomic gas chamber 10.

[0067] Further explanation is needed: in this embodiment, by aligning the probe light and pump light as they enter the atomic gas chamber 10, it ensures that the probe light and pump light act on the atoms in the atomic gas chamber 10, while preventing any deviation of the probe light or pump light along the optical path. When the atoms in the atomic gas chamber 10 are in the Rydberg state, the probe light is easily emitted from the position where the pump light enters the atomic gas chamber 10. In this embodiment, the frequency of the probe light corresponds to the energy level interval between the atomic ground state and excited state transitions, exciting the atoms to the excited state. The frequency of the pump light corresponds to the energy level interval between the atomic excited state and Rydberg state transitions, exciting the atoms to the Rydberg state. When the pump light enters the gas, the probe light can penetrate the gas. The output probe light and the input pump light are separated by a beam splitter, and the emitted probe light enters the photodetector for detection. Injecting an electric field of a certain frequency into a Rydberg atomic gas causes the transmission peak of the probe light to split. The interval between the two peaks corresponds to the electric field strength of the incident electromagnetic field, thus realizing the conversion between electric field signals and optical signals. Both the 510 nm and 852 nm wavelength lasers are generated by DFB (Distributed Feedback Laser) lasers. Surface plasmons are used to achieve optical field manipulation, overcoming the optical diffraction limit. DFB technology is used for linewidth compression and mode selection, enabling the miniaturization of the laser and, consequently, the miniaturization and integration of the electric field sensing device onto a chip.

[0068] Furthermore, in order to reduce the loss of laser light entering the atomic gas chamber 10 and improve the efficiency of laser light entering the atomic gas chamber, the aforementioned probe light can enter the atomic gas chamber 10 along the first preset direction through the first coupling optical fiber 50 disposed on one side of the atomic gas chamber 10.

[0069] Correspondingly, the pump light can enter the atomic gas chamber 10 along the second preset direction through the second coupling fiber 60 disposed on the other side of the atomic gas chamber 10; the second coupling fiber 60 and the first coupling fiber 50 are aligned along the atomic gas chamber 10.

[0070] Correspondingly, when the atoms in the atomic gas chamber 10 are in the Rydberg state, the probe light can be emitted along the first preset direction through the second coupling optical fiber 60 and enter the photodetector 40.

[0071] It should be noted that in this embodiment, by aligning the second coupling fiber 60 and the first coupling fiber 50 along the atomic gas chamber 10, the probe light and pump light enter the atomic gas chamber 10 in alignment. By setting the laser beam to enter the atomic gas chamber 10 through the coupling fiber, the optical path loss of the laser beam entering the atomic gas chamber 10 is reduced, and the accuracy of the device is improved. In this embodiment, the second coupling fiber 60 and the first coupling fiber 50 are aligned along the atomic gas chamber 10, that is, the second coupling fiber 60 and the first coupling fiber 50 coincide along the extension direction of the optical fibers, so that the probe light entering the atomic gas chamber 10 through the first coupling fiber 50 and the pump light entering the atomic gas chamber 10 through the second coupling fiber 60 enter the atomic gas chamber 10 in a straight line opposite each other.

[0072] Furthermore, in order to reduce the divergence of the laser entering the atomic gas chamber 10, a first focusing lens 70 may be provided between the first coupling fiber 50 and the atomic gas chamber 10.

[0073] A second focusing lens 80 may be provided between the second coupling fiber 60 and the atomic gas chamber 10.

[0074] It should be noted that by setting a focusing lens at the position where the probe light and pump light enter the atomic gas cell 10, the probe light and pump light can be focused, which can reduce the divergence of the laser beam and improve the measurement accuracy of the device.

[0075] The Rydberg atom electric field sensing device provided in this embodiment of the invention includes an atomic gas chamber, a first distributed feedback laser, and a second distributed feedback laser. Both the first and second distributed feedback lasers include internally formed laser source resonant cavities. The laser generated by the first distributed feedback laser through optical feedback and amplification within the internal laser source resonant cavity serves as the probe light, entering from one side of the atomic gas chamber along a first preset direction to excite the atoms in the atomic gas chamber. The laser generated by the second distributed feedback laser through optical feedback and amplification within the internal laser source resonant cavity serves as the pump light, entering from the other side of the atomic gas chamber along a second preset direction to excite the atoms in the excited state to the Rydberg state. The second preset direction and the first preset direction are on the same straight line but opposite in direction. When the atoms in the atomic gas chamber are in the Rydberg state, the probe light exits from the side of the pump light entering the atomic gas chamber along the first preset direction and enters the photodetector. This invention provides a miniaturized light source for a Rydberg atom electric field sensing device by using a narrow-linewidth distributed feedback laser as both the pump and probe light to excite alkali metal Rydberg atoms. This allows for integrated device design, offering the advantages of miniaturization, portability, and suitability for harsh outdoor environments, while also enabling large-scale chip-scale integration. Furthermore, by directing the probe and pump light into the atomic gas chamber 10 via coupled optical fibers, this invention reduces laser loss during entry into the atomic gas chamber 10, improves efficiency, and consequently enhances device accuracy. Additionally, by placing focusing lenses at the entry points of the probe and pump light into the atomic gas chamber 10, laser beam divergence is reduced, further improving measurement precision.

[0076] Example 2:

[0077] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a Rydberg atomic electric field sensing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The device may include:

[0078] The atomic gas chamber 10, the first distributed feedback laser 20, and the second distributed feedback laser 30; both the first distributed feedback laser 20 and the second distributed feedback laser 30 include a laser source resonant cavity formed inside them.

[0079] The first distributed feedback laser 20 uses laser light generated by optical feedback and optical amplification based on the internal laser source resonant cavity as the probe light; the probe light enters from one side of the atomic gas chamber 10 along a first preset direction to excite the atoms in the atomic gas chamber 10.

[0080] The second distributed feedback laser 30 uses the laser generated by optical feedback and optical amplification based on the internal laser source resonant cavity as pump light; the pump light enters from the other side of the atomic gas chamber 10 along the second preset direction, so that the atoms in the excited state in the atomic gas chamber 10 reach the Rydberg state; the second preset direction is on the same straight line as the first preset direction, but in opposite directions;

[0081] When the atoms in the atomic gas chamber 10 are in the Rydberg state, the probe light is emitted from the side of the pump light entering the atomic gas chamber 10 along the first preset direction and enters the photodetector 40.

[0082] The pump light enters the atomic gas chamber 10 through the beam splitter prism 90;

[0083] Correspondingly, the probe light emitted from the atomic gas chamber 10 is separated from the incident pump light by the beam splitter prism 90 and enters the photodetector 40.

[0084] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the pump light is incident into the atomic gas cell 10 via the beam-splitting prism 90, which deflects the optical path. Therefore, when the probe light emitted from the atomic gas cell 10 passes through the beam-splitting prism 90, it can be separated from the optical path of the pump light emitted from the second distributed feedback laser 30, thereby ensuring that the photodetector 40 receives only the probe light emitted from the atomic gas cell 10. This embodiment does not limit the specific structure of the beam-splitting prism, as long as it can separate the optical path of the probe light emitted from the atomic gas cell 10 from the optical path of the pump light emitted from the second distributed feedback laser 30.

[0085] Furthermore, in order to improve the measurement accuracy of the device and avoid interference, the polarizability of the glass outer wall in the atomic gas chamber 10 is less than 0.3 percent at room temperature.

[0086] It should be noted that there is a positive correlation between the polarizability and refractive index of glass. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain a certain polarizability to ensure that the measurement process of the device is not interfered with and to reduce errors.

[0087] The Rydberg atom electric field sensing device provided in this embodiment of the invention includes an atomic gas chamber, a first distributed feedback laser, and a second distributed feedback laser. Both the first and second distributed feedback lasers include internally formed laser source resonant cavities. The laser generated by the first distributed feedback laser through optical feedback and amplification within the internal laser source resonant cavity serves as the probe light, entering from one side of the atomic gas chamber along a first preset direction to excite the atoms in the atomic gas chamber. The laser generated by the second distributed feedback laser through optical feedback and amplification within the internal laser source resonant cavity serves as the pump light, entering from the other side of the atomic gas chamber along a second preset direction to excite the atoms in the excited state to the Rydberg state. The second preset direction and the first preset direction are on the same straight line but opposite in direction. When the atoms in the atomic gas chamber are in the Rydberg state, the probe light exits from the side of the pump light entering the atomic gas chamber along the first preset direction and enters the photodetector. This invention provides a miniaturized light source for a Rydberg atom electric field sensing device by using a narrow-linewidth distributed feedback laser as both the pump and probe light to excite alkali metal Rydberg atoms. This allows for integrated device design, offering the advantages of miniaturization, portability, and suitability for harsh outdoor environments. It also enables large-scale chip-scale integration. A beam splitter 90 separates the probe and pump light paths, ensuring that the photodetector 40 receives only the probe light emitted from the atomic gas chamber 10 while maintaining the simplicity of the device structure. Furthermore, by setting the glass outer wall of the atomic gas chamber 10 to have a polarizability of less than 0.3% at room temperature, the measurement accuracy of the device is improved.

[0088] Example 3:

[0089] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a Rydberg atomic electric field sensing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The device may include:

[0090] The atomic gas chamber 10, the first distributed feedback laser 20, and the second distributed feedback laser 30; both the first distributed feedback laser 20 and the second distributed feedback laser 30 include a laser source resonant cavity formed inside them.

[0091] The first distributed feedback laser 20 uses laser light generated by optical feedback and optical amplification based on the internal laser source resonant cavity as the probe light; the probe light enters from one side of the atomic gas chamber 10 along a first preset direction to excite the atoms in the atomic gas chamber 10.

[0092] The second distributed feedback laser 30 uses the laser generated by optical feedback and optical amplification based on the internal laser source resonant cavity as pump light; the pump light enters from the other side of the atomic gas chamber 10 along the second preset direction, so that the atoms in the excited state in the atomic gas chamber 10 reach the Rydberg state; the second preset direction is on the same straight line as the first preset direction, but in opposite directions;

[0093] When the atoms in the atomic gas chamber 10 are in the Rydberg state, the probe light is emitted from the side of the pump light entering the atomic gas chamber 10 along the first preset direction and enters the photodetector 40.

[0094] The first distributed feedback laser 20 and the second distributed feedback laser 30 both include:

[0095] 21. Substrate; 22. Semiconductor material nanostructure; 23. Positive electrode; 24. Negative electrode and Bragg grating;

[0096] Semiconductor material nanostructure 22 is fabricated on one side of substrate 21;

[0097] The two ends of the semiconductor material nanostructure 22 are respectively connected to the positive electrode 23 and the negative electrode, forming a laser source resonant cavity;

[0098] The surface or side of the laser source resonant cavity is integrated with a Bragg grating structure 24.

[0099] It should be noted that the negative electrode is not shown in the figure in this embodiment. This embodiment does not limit the specific way in which the two ends of the semiconductor nanostructure 22 are connected to the positive electrode 23 and the negative electrode, respectively. For example, the two ends of the semiconductor nanostructure 22 may be in direct contact with the positive electrode 23 and the negative electrode, respectively, or the two ends of the semiconductor nanostructure 22 may be connected to the positive electrode 23 and the negative electrode, respectively, through a conductive medium, or the two ends of the semiconductor nanostructure 22 may be connected to the positive electrode 23 and the negative electrode using different connection methods. This embodiment does not limit the specific way in which the laser source resonant cavity is formed in the semiconductor nanostructure 22. For example, an insulating layer and a metal film layer may be sequentially coated on the surface of the semiconductor nanostructure 22 to form a laser source resonant cavity; or the laser source resonant cavity may be formed in other ways. This embodiment does not limit the specific structure of the Bragg grating 24 integrated on the surface or side of the laser source resonant cavity. For example, it can be determined according to the lasing wavelength of the laser, such as the period, depth, and duty cycle of the Bragg grating 24. Accordingly, this embodiment does not limit the specific type of grating. It should be noted that the structures of the first distributed feedback laser 20 and the second distributed feedback laser 30 in this embodiment can be referred to as follows. Figure 2 , Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a distributed feedback laser in a Rydberg atomic electric field sensing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0100] Furthermore, in order to ensure the stability of the first distributed feedback laser 20 and the second distributed feedback laser 30 and improve the integration of the devices, the surface of the semiconductor structure 221 in the semiconductor material nanostructure 22 can be sequentially covered with an insulating layer 222 and a metal film layer 223 to form a laser source resonant cavity.

[0101] It should be noted that by sequentially covering the surface of the semiconductor structure 221 with an insulating layer 222 and a metal film layer 223, the semiconductor material nanostructure 22 formed can serve as a laser source resonant cavity, thereby further improving the integration of the device.

[0102] Furthermore, in order to ensure the simplicity of the structure of the first distributed feedback laser 20 and the second distributed feedback laser 30 and reduce the fabrication complexity of the device, the substrate 21 can be a conductive substrate.

[0103] Correspondingly, a negative electrode is provided at the end of the semiconductor material nanostructure 22 that is not in contact with the conductive substrate, and a positive electrode 23 is provided in the conductive substrate.

[0104] It should be noted that by setting the substrate 21 as a conductive substrate, the positive electrode 23 can be placed in the substrate 21. The positive electrode 23 is conductively connected to one end of the semiconductor material nanostructure 22 through the substrate 21, and the substrate 21 serves as the conductive connection medium between the positive electrode 23 and the semiconductor material nanostructure 22.

[0105] Furthermore, in order to further improve the fabrication efficiency of the first distributed feedback laser 20 and the second distributed feedback laser 30, the positive electrode 23 can be disposed on the same side of the conductive substrate as the semiconductor material nanostructure 22.

[0106] It should be noted that by placing the positive electrode 23 on the same side of the conductive substrate as the semiconductor material nanostructure 22, the positive electrode 23 can be fabricated in the conductive substrate in any process of fabricating the first distributed feedback laser 20 and the second distributed feedback laser 30, which can improve the flexibility and efficiency of device fabrication.

[0107] The Rydberg atom electric field sensing device provided in this embodiment of the invention includes an atomic gas chamber, a first distributed feedback laser, and a second distributed feedback laser. Both the first and second distributed feedback lasers include internally formed laser source resonant cavities. The laser generated by the first distributed feedback laser through optical feedback and amplification within the internal laser source resonant cavity serves as the probe light, entering from one side of the atomic gas chamber along a first preset direction to excite the atoms in the atomic gas chamber. The laser generated by the second distributed feedback laser through optical feedback and amplification within the internal laser source resonant cavity serves as the pump light, entering from the other side of the atomic gas chamber along a second preset direction to excite the atoms in the excited state to the Rydberg state. The second preset direction and the first preset direction are on the same straight line but opposite in direction. When the atoms in the atomic gas chamber are in the Rydberg state, the probe light exits from the side of the pump light entering the atomic gas chamber along the first preset direction and enters the photodetector. This invention utilizes a narrow-linewidth distributed feedback laser as both the pump and probe light to excite alkali metal Rydberg atoms, providing a miniaturized light source for a Rydberg atom electric field sensing device. This allows for integrated device design, offering miniaturization advantages, ease of portability, suitability for harsh outdoor environments, and large-scale chip-scale integration. The miniaturization of the Rydberg atom electric field sensing device is ensured through the aforementioned structures of the first and second distributed feedback lasers. Furthermore, by sequentially covering the surface of the semiconductor structure 221 with an insulating layer 222 and a metal film layer 223, forming a semiconductor material nanostructure 22 serving as the laser source resonant cavity, the device integration density is further improved. By setting the substrate 21 as a conductive substrate and placing the positive electrode 23 within the substrate 21, the structural simplicity of the first and second distributed feedback lasers 20 and 30 is ensured. By placing the positive electrode 23 and the semiconductor material nanostructure 22 on the same side of the conductive substrate, the fabrication efficiency of the first and second distributed feedback lasers 20 and 30 is further improved.

[0108] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the aforementioned Rydberg atomic electric field sensing device may specifically include:

[0109] The atomic gas chamber, the first distributed feedback laser, and the second distributed feedback laser; both the first and second distributed feedback lasers include an internally formed laser source resonant cavity; the polarizability of the glass outer wall in the atomic gas chamber is less than 0.3 percent at room temperature.

[0110] The first distributed feedback laser is a laser generated by optical feedback and optical amplification based on the internal laser source resonant cavity, which serves as the probe light. The probe light enters the atomic gas cell along a first preset direction through a first coupling optical fiber located on one side of the atomic gas cell, so as to excite the atoms in the atomic gas cell to reach an excited state.

[0111] The second distributed feedback laser is based on the laser generated by optical feedback and optical amplification in the internal laser source resonant cavity, which serves as the pump light. After passing through the beam splitter, the pump light enters the atomic gas cell along the second preset direction through the second coupling fiber set on the other side of the atomic gas cell, so that the atoms in the excited state in the atomic gas cell reach the Rydberg state. The second coupling fiber is aligned with the first coupling fiber along the atomic gas cell.

[0112] When the atoms in the atomic gas chamber are in the Rydberg state, the probe light is emitted along the first preset direction through the second coupling fiber, separated from the incident pump light by the beam splitter, and enters the photodetector.

[0113] A first focusing lens is disposed between the first coupling optical fiber and the atomic gas cell; a second focusing lens is disposed between the second coupling optical fiber and the atomic gas cell;

[0114] Both the first distributed feedback laser and the second distributed feedback laser include:

[0115] Conductive substrate, semiconductor material nanostructure, positive electrode, negative electrode, and Bragg grating;

[0116] Semiconductor nanostructures are fabricated on one side of a conductive substrate; a negative electrode is provided at the end of the semiconductor nanostructure that is not in contact with the conductive substrate, and the positive electrode and the semiconductor nanostructure are provided on the same side of the conductive substrate.

[0117] In the nanostructure of semiconductor materials, the surface of the semiconductor structure is sequentially covered with an insulating layer and a metal film layer to form a laser source resonant cavity.

[0118] The surface or side of the laser source resonant cavity is integrated with a Bragg grating structure.

[0119] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the first distributed feedback laser outputs a probe light with a wavelength of 852 nanometers, using a 200μm×500nm×150nm gallium arsenide nanoribbon, a 50nm thick silver film, a Bragg grating with a grating depth of 146nm, a period of 342.5nm, and a duty cycle of 0.5.

[0120] The second distributed feedback laser outputs pump light with a wavelength of 510 nm. This second distributed feedback laser uses 200 μm × 500 nm × 100 nm cadmium sulfide nanoribbons and a 25 nm thick silver film. The Bragg grating has a grating depth of 85 nm, a period of 203.67 nm, and a duty cycle of 0.5.

[0121] The Rydberg atomic electric field sensing system provided in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below. The Rydberg atomic electric field sensing system described below can be referred to in correspondence with the Rydberg atomic electric field sensing device described above.

[0122] The system may include:

[0123] Photodetectors and the aforementioned Rydberg atomic electric field sensing device;

[0124] The photodetector is located in the optical path of the probe light emitted from the atomic gas cell to receive the probe light.

[0125] This invention provides a miniaturized light source for a photoelectric quantum electric field sensor by using a narrow-linewidth distributed feedback laser as the pump light and probe light to excite alkali metal Rydberg atoms. This enables the device to be integrated into a single unit, offering the advantages of miniaturization. It is also easy to move, suitable for harsh outdoor environments, and can achieve large-scale chip-scale integration.

[0126] To make this invention easier to understand, please refer to... Figures 3 to 10 , Figures 3 to 6 A numerical simulation diagram of a 510nm laser provided for an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 The carrier density distribution diagram of a 510nm laser provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 A photon density distribution diagram of a 510nm laser provided in this embodiment of the invention. The carrier concentration is highest at the center position, and the photon distribution is opposite to the carrier distribution. Figure 5 This is a relaxation oscillation diagram of a 510nm laser provided in an embodiment of the present invention. During laser generation, oscillations occur within a certain range, mainly due to the instability of the lasing wavelength. Figure 6 The image shows the lasing spectrum of a 510nm laser provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The spectrum obtained by Fourier transform shows some spikes, but overall it indicates that the lasing light is a single-mode output, emitting a narrow-linewidth single-mode laser with a wavelength of 514nm and a 3dB linewidth of 0.1pm, reaching the MHz linewidth level, thus meeting the requirements for a pump source.

[0127] Figures 7 to 10 The numerical simulation results are for an 852nm laser. Figure 7 The carrier density distribution diagram of an 852nm laser provided for an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 A photon density distribution diagram of an 852nm laser provided for an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 The relaxation oscillation diagram of an 852nm laser is provided for an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10 The image shows the lasing spectrum of an 852nm laser provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The lasing light is a single-mode output, emitting a single-mode narrow-linewidth laser with a wavelength of 852nm and a 3dB linewidth of 0.3pm, reaching the MHz linewidth level, which meets the requirements for a detection light source.

[0128] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0129] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relationships such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0130] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of a Rydberg atomic electric field sensing device and system provided by the present invention. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Rydberg atomic electric field sensing device, characterized in that, include: An atomic gas chamber, a first distributed feedback laser, and a second distributed feedback laser; both the first and second distributed feedback lasers include an internally formed laser source resonant cavity. The first distributed feedback laser is a laser generated by optical feedback and optical amplification based on the internal laser source resonant cavity, which serves as the probe light; the probe light enters from one side of the atomic gas cell along a first preset direction to excite the atoms in the atomic gas cell. The second distributed feedback laser is used as pump light, which is generated by optical feedback and optical amplification based on the internal laser source resonant cavity. The pump light enters from the other side of the atomic gas cell along a second preset direction, so that the atoms in the excited state in the atomic gas cell reach the Rydberg state. The second preset direction is on the same straight line as the first preset direction, but in opposite directions. When the atoms in the atomic gas chamber are in the Rydberg state, the probe light is emitted from the side of the pump light entering the atomic gas chamber along the first preset direction and enters the photodetector. The probe light enters the atomic gas chamber along the first preset direction through a first coupling optical fiber disposed on one side of the atomic gas chamber. The pump light enters the atomic gas chamber along the second preset direction through a second coupling fiber disposed on the other side of the atomic gas chamber; the second coupling fiber and the first coupling fiber are aligned along the atomic gas chamber. When the atoms in the atomic gas chamber are in the Rydberg state, the probe light is emitted along the first preset direction through the second coupling optical fiber and enters the photodetector; A first focusing lens is disposed between the first coupling optical fiber and the atomic gas chamber; A second focusing lens is disposed between the second coupling optical fiber and the atomic gas chamber; Both the first distributed feedback laser and the second distributed feedback laser include: Substrate, semiconductor material nanostructure, positive electrode, negative electrode, and Bragg grating; The semiconductor material nanostructure is fabricated on one side of the substrate; The two ends of the semiconductor material nanostructure are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode, forming the laser source resonant cavity; The surface or side of the laser source resonant cavity is integrated with a Bragg grating structure.

2. The Rydberg atomic electric field sensing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pump light enters the atomic gas chamber via a beam splitter; The probe light emitted from the atomic gas chamber is separated from the incident pump light by the beam splitter and then enters the photodetector.

3. The Rydberg atomic electric field sensing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The glass outer wall of the atomic gas chamber has a polarizability of less than 0.3 percent at room temperature.

4. The Rydberg atomic electric field sensing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the semiconductor structure in the semiconductor material nanostructure is sequentially covered with an insulating layer and a metal film layer to form the laser source resonant cavity.

5. The atomic electric field sensing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate is a conductive substrate; The negative electrode is disposed at one end of the semiconductor material nanostructure that is not in contact with the conductive substrate, and the positive electrode is disposed in the conductive substrate.

6. The Rydberg atomic electric field sensing device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The positive electrode and the semiconductor material nanostructure are disposed on the same side of the conductive substrate.

7. A Rydberg atomic electric field sensing system, characterized in that, Includes a photodetector and a Rydberg atomic electric field sensing device as described in any one of claims 1 to 6; The photodetector is located in the optical path of the probe light emitted from the atomic gas cell to receive the probe light.

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