A jetting excavating dredger and method of use thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of jet flow excavating type lotus root digger and its using method, including track pontoon chassis, the front side of track pontoon chassis is provided with jet flow excavating system, the both sides of track pontoon chassis are symmetrically provided with skid support device, skid support device includes skid, skid internal support frame welded in skid interior, swing bar hinged with skid internal support frame, skid support device rack hinged with the other end of swing bar, skid support device rack is fixedly connected with track pontoon chassis, skid lifting oil cylinder for adjusting the ground clearance of skid between skid support device rack and swing bar is installed;Track pontoon chassis is also provided with power system for providing power for track pontoon chassis and driving mechanism, hydraulic system for providing water flow for spud tip nozzle and nozzle.The working efficiency of the jet flow excavating type lotus root digger of the application is high, the passability is good, adopts the form of jet flow and excavation combination to carry out lotus root harvesting, reduces lotus root damage and excavation resistance.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a jet-flow excavating lotus root digging machine and a use method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Lotus root is an important aquatic vegetable in China, and the number of varieties and the cultivation area rank first among aquatic vegetables. It can be eaten raw or cooked, and used for medicine, and is rich in nutrients and has high medicinal value. Harvesting is a weak link in the lotus root industry, and currently mainly relies on manual harvesting, with the cost of digging close to 50% of the production cost, and manual harvesting has problems such as high cost, high labor intensity, and high dependence on personnel proficiency.

[0003] Lotus root grows in a harsh environment, and has characteristics such as being easy to break and being distributed in mud without obvious rules, making mechanical harvesting difficult. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a jet-flow excavating lotus root digging machine and a use method thereof, which has high working efficiency and good passability, and adopts a combination of jet-flow and excavation to harvest lotus root, thereby reducing lotus root damage and excavation resistance.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the following technical measures are adopted in the present application:

[0006] The jet-flow excavating lotus root digging machine of the present application comprises a caterpillar float type chassis, a jet-flow excavating system is arranged on the front side of the caterpillar float type chassis, the jet-flow excavating system comprises a jet-flow excavating shovel and a driving mechanism for driving the jet-flow excavating shovel to perform excavating operation; the jet-flow excavating shovel comprises a cross beam, shovel tooth bodies which are uniformly and spacedly arranged below the cross beam, and a shovel tip nozzle which is arranged on the shovel tooth body, the shovel tip nozzle is used for continuously spraying water flow from bottom to top to complete the separation of lotus root and soil; side edge spray group cross beams are hingedly arranged on both sides of the cross beam, and nozzles for flushing surface soil from top to bottom are arranged on the side edge spray group cross beams; slide skid supporting devices are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the caterpillar float type chassis, the slide skid supporting device comprises a slide skid, a slide skid internal support frame which is welded to the inside of the slide skid, a swing rod which is hingedly connected with the slide skid internal support frame, and a slide skid supporting device rack which is hingedly connected with the other end of the swing rod, the slide skid supporting device rack is fixedly connected with the caterpillar float type chassis, and a slide skid lifting oil cylinder for adjusting the ground clearance of the slide skid is arranged between the slide skid supporting device rack and the swing rod; a power system for providing power for the caterpillar float type chassis and the driving mechanism, and a water power system for providing water flow for the shovel tip nozzle and the nozzles are further arranged on the caterpillar float type chassis.

[0007] Preferably, the driving mechanism comprises a boom articulated with the track pontoon chassis, a stick articulated with the other end of the boom, a boom cylinder mounted between the boom and the track pontoon chassis, a stick cylinder mounted between the boom and the stick; the jet excavating bucket is articulated with the other end of the stick and the rocker simultaneously, the jet excavating bucket cylinder is mounted between the stick and the rocker, the other end of the rocker is articulated with the jet excavating bucket cylinder and the stick, the other end of the stick is articulated with the stick; the extension and retraction of the boom cylinder can make the boom rotate around the axis, the extension and retraction of the stick cylinder can drive the stick to rotate around the boom axis, and the extension and retraction of the jet excavating bucket cylinder can drive the jet excavating bucket to rotate around the stick axis. The track pontoon chassis comprises a main frame, tensioning wheels and driving wheels connected to the two sides of the main frame through bearings, and a track in driving connection with the tensioning wheels and the driving wheels; the inside of the main frame is arranged with a pontoon for providing buoyancy for the whole machine when driving in the paddy field.

[0008] Further, the tooth body is composed of an upper cylindrical segment, a middle square tube segment and a lower bent segment connected in sequence, the upper cylindrical segment is provided with an external thread fixedly connected with the cross beam through screw connection, and the bending angle of the lower bent segment is 100°.

[0009] Further, a tooth steel bar is welded between two adjacent tooth bodies, the interval between two adjacent tooth bodies is 140mm, and after the tooth steel bar is added, the gap is 70mm.

[0010] Preferably, an electric push rod is arranged between the cross beam and the side edge spray group cross beam, one end of the electric push rod is articulated with the side edge spray group cross beam, the other end of the electric push rod is articulated with the cross beam, and the extension and retraction of the electric push rod can realize the opening and closing of the side edge spray group cross beam.

[0011] Preferably, the nozzle is composed of a bent segment and a straight segment, the bending angle of the bent segment is 45°, and the interval between two adjacent nozzles is consistent with the interval between two adjacent tooth bodies.

[0012] Further, the skid is composed of two soil breaking surfaces arranged symmetrically front and back and a side guard plate connected between the two soil breaking surfaces, the included angle between the two soil breaking plates constituting the soil breaking surface is a bevel angle, and the intersection line between the two soil breaking plates is provided with a slide angle relative to the vertical direction; the internal support frame of the skid is welded by square tubes, and the hollow part of the skid is filled with foam.

[0013] Further, the hydraulic system comprises three water pumps, a filtering device connected with the water inlet pipe of the water pump, a water delivery pipe connected with the water outlet pipe of the water pump, and a water distribution device connected with the water delivery pipe, wherein two water pumps are directly welded with the main body frame and arranged side by side at the rear end of the track float pontoon type chassis, and one water pump is welded with the upper end of the water pump float platform, the water pump float platform is composed of a float platform and a float platform frame; the water distribution device comprises two side water inlet water distribution devices and one centralized water distribution device which are fixedly connected with the main body frame, and the two side water inlet water distribution devices and the one centralized water distribution device are arranged at the front end of the main body frame, the side water inlet water distribution devices supply water for the spade tip nozzles, and the centralized water distribution device supplies water for the nozzles of the side jet group cross beam.

[0014] Correspondingly, the use method of the jet flow excavating type lotus root harvester comprises the following steps.

[0015] Step 1: preparation: before use, start the hydraulic motor to drive the driving wheel to rotate, and then drive the track to move in a winding manner, and the whole machine moves forward, at the same time, the skid lifting oil cylinder is extended to lower the height of the skid, so that the skid contacts the soil to support part of the gravity of the whole machine, and the machine stops walking after driving to the working area; the side jet group cross beam on both sides of the cross beam is controlled to be opened, the boom oil cylinder, the bucket arm oil cylinder and the jet flow excavating spade oil cylinder are controlled to be retracted, the jet flow excavating spade is adjusted to a suitable digging angle and height, so that the jet flow excavating spade contacts the soil, and the water pump in the hydraulic system is started.

[0016] Step 2: digging operation: the jet flow excavating spade oil cylinder and the bucket arm oil cylinder are controlled to be extended to drive the jet flow excavating spade to dig, as the digging depth increases, the lotus root and the soil move to the inside of the jet flow excavating spade along one side of the spade tooth, and at the same time, the spade tip nozzle sprays high-speed water flow to continuously flush the mixture of the lotus root and the soil, after reaching the specified digging depth, the boom oil cylinder is quickly and repeatedly extended and retracted to promote the separation of the lotus root and the soil, after the lotus root is separated, the jet flow excavating spade oil cylinder is retracted to unload the soil on the spade tooth; for the flushing area of the nozzles on both sides, the jet flow excavating system is rotated to supplement the digging, and the above digging action is repeatedly performed several times to improve the lotus root digging rate.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages and effects:

[0018] 1. The lotus root is harvested by combining jet flow and excavation, high-speed water flow is sprayed through the nozzles on the surface of the spade tooth during the excavation process to break the soil and separate the lotus root and the soil, and the damage to the lotus root and the excavation resistance are reduced.

[0019] 2. The skid is used as an auxiliary support to improve the ground pressure and passability of the track chassis in soft soil environment, and the sinking depth of the skid can be adjusted according to the soil condition to further adjust the ground pressure of the track.

[0020] 3. The both ends of the skid are provided with a soil breaking surface, which can reduce the travel resistance, and the inside of the skid is filled with foams to form a closed structure, which can provide certain buoyancy for the whole machine.

[0021] 4. The jet flow excavating type lotus root excavator has high working efficiency and good passability, and has profound economic and social significance for improving lotus root industry capacity and accelerating industry upgrading. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the following embodiments or prior art description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the jet flow excavating type lotus root excavator of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the jet flow excavating shovel of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water pump floating platform of the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the skid supporting device of the present application;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the skid of the present application.

[0028] In the drawings:

[0029] 1. Jet flow excavating shovel, 2. Connecting rod, 3. Rocker arm, 4. Jet flow excavating shovel oil cylinder, 5. Bucket rod, 6. Boom, 7. Bucket rod oil cylinder, 8. Boom oil cylinder, 9. Upper computer, 10. Water pump, 11. Water pump floating platform, 12. Driving wheel, 13. Main body frame, 14. Track, 15. Skid supporting device, 16. Water delivery pipe, 17. Float, 18. Side edge water inlet and water outlet device, 19. Tensioning wheel, 20. Concentrated water distribution device;

[0030] 1-1. Connecting plate, 1-2. Cross beam, 1-3. Electric push rod, 1-4. Side edge spray group cross beam, 1-5. Nozzle, 1-6. Tooth main body, 1-7. Tooth steel bar, 1-8. Tip nozzle;

[0031] 11-1. Floating platform, 11-2. Floating platform frame;

[0032] 15-1. skid, 15-2. skid inner support frame, 15-3. seat lug, 15-4. swing lever, 15-5. skid lifting oil cylinder, 15-6. skid support device rack. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0034] As shown in the drawings, Figures 1 to 5 The jet excavating dredger of the present application mainly comprises a jet excavating system, a caterpillar pontoon chassis, a skid support device 15, a hydraulic system and a power system.

[0035] The caterpillar pontoon chassis of the present application mainly comprises a main body rack 13, a tensioning wheel 19, a driving wheel 12, a pontoon 17 and a caterpillar track 14. The main body rack 13 provides support for other components. The tensioning wheel 19 and the driving wheel 12 are connected to the two sides of the main body rack 13 through bearings. The two driving wheels 12 are directly connected to hydraulic motors through couplings. The caterpillar track 14 is in transmission connection with the tensioning wheel 19 and the driving wheel 12. The caterpillar track 14 adopts a double-row roller chain track type caterpillar track. The caterpillar track 14 is in meshing engagement with the roller chain through the driving wheel 12, and the caterpillar track 14 realizes winding movement under the guidance of the tensioning wheel 19 and the main body rack 13, thereby realizing the forward movement, backward movement and steering of the whole machine.

[0036] In addition, the pontoon 17 is arranged inside the main body rack 13. The inside of the main body rack 13 is provided with a limiting plate for mounting the pontoon 17. The pontoon 17 is arranged in a plurality of detachable pontoon 17 combinations according to the shape and size of the main body rack 13. The front end and the rear end of the pontoon are trapezoidal, and the middle part of the pontoon is rectangular. When driving in the lotus field, the pontoon can provide buoyancy for the whole machine, reduce the subsidence of the caterpillar track 14, and the number of the pontoon 17 can be adjusted according to the actual situation.

[0037] The power system is composed of an upper computer 9, a hydraulic control system and a hydraulic motor. The upper computer 9 comprises an engine and an upper rack. The jet excavating system is fixedly connected to the upper computer 9. The upper computer 9 is connected to the main body rack 13 through a rotary support. The jet excavating system can be rotated through the rotary support. The skid support device 15 is symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the caterpillar pontoon chassis. The hydraulic system is arranged on the upper part of the caterpillar pontoon chassis and is fixedly connected to the main body rack 13.

[0038] As shown in the drawings, Figure 1As shown, the jet digging system is arranged at the front side of the tracked pontoon chassis, which mainly comprises a boom 6, a stick 5, a jet digging bucket 1, a connecting rod 2, a rocker arm 3, a boom cylinder 8, a stick cylinder 7 and a jet digging bucket cylinder 4. The boom 6 is hinged to the tracked pontoon chassis, the stick 5 is hinged to the other end of the boom 6, and the jet digging bucket 1 is hinged to the other end of the stick 5 and the rocker arm 3. One end of the boom cylinder 8 is hinged to the tracked pontoon chassis, and the other end is hinged to the boom 6. The extension and retraction of the boom cylinder 8 can make the boom 6 rotate around a fixed shaft. One end of the stick cylinder 7 is hinged to the stick 5, and the other end is hinged to the boom 6. The extension and retraction of the stick cylinder 7 can drive the stick 5 to rotate around the boom 6. One end of the jet digging bucket cylinder 4 is hinged to the connecting rod 2, and the other end is hinged to the stick 5. The other end of the connecting rod 2 is hinged to the stick 5, and the other end of the rocker arm 3 is hinged to the jet digging bucket cylinder 4 and the connecting rod 2. Here, it is a composite hinge connection. Through the connecting rod 2 and the rocker arm 3, the jet digging bucket 1 can rotate in a larger range. The extension and retraction of the jet digging bucket cylinder 4 can drive the jet digging bucket 1 to rotate around the stick 5. The extension of the jet digging bucket cylinder 4 and the stick cylinder 7 can realize the digging operation.

[0039] The connecting rod 2, the rocker arm 3, the jet digging bucket cylinder 4, the stick 5, the boom 6, the stick cylinder 7 and the boom cylinder 8 constitute a driving mechanism to drive the jet digging bucket 1 to perform the digging operation. A power system provides power for the tracked pontoon chassis and the driving mechanism.

[0040] Specifically, the jet digging bucket 1 is composed of a connecting plate 1-1, a crossbeam 1-2, an electric push rod 1-3, a side edge spray group crossbeam 1-4, a nozzle 1-5, a bucket tooth body 1-6, a bucket tooth steel bar 1-7 and a bucket tip nozzle 1-8. The connecting plate 1-1 and the crossbeam 1-2 are welded to form the main body of the jet digging bucket 1. A plurality of nozzles are arranged on the jet digging bucket 1 to realize the combination of jet flushing and mechanical digging. The bucket tooth body 1-6 is a plurality of and evenly spaced installations below the crossbeam 1-2. Each bucket tooth body 1-6 is composed of an upper cylindrical section, a middle square tube section and a lower bent section connected in turn. The upper cylindrical section is processed with external threads, and the bucket tooth body 1-6 is fixed to the crossbeam 1-2 through threaded connection. The bending angle of the lower bent section of the bucket tooth body 1-6 is 100°, which facilitates the jet digging bucket 1 to enter the soil and lift the lotus roots. The bucket tip nozzle 1-8 is connected to the bucket tooth body 1-6 through bolts. The bucket tooth body 1-6 and the bucket tip nozzle 1-8 are hollow, and water pipes and other components can be arranged therein, so that high-speed water flow can be sprayed from the holes of the bucket tip nozzle 1-8. After the jet digging bucket 1 is inserted into the soil, it can realize upward flushing. The bucket tooth steel bar 1-7 is welded to two adjacent bucket tooth bodies 1-6 to improve the stability of the bucket tooth. The interval between two adjacent bucket tooth bodies 1-6 is 140 mm. After adding the bucket tooth steel bar 1-7, the gap is 70 mm, so that the sludge can leak out during the digging and lifting process, but the single joint lotus root body will not leak out.

[0041] The side spray group crossbeam 1-4 is hinged on both sides of the crossbeam 1-2 in a symmetrical arrangement, and the nozzles 1-5 are welded on the side spray group crossbeam 1-4. The nozzles 1-5 are cylindrical and composed of a bending section and a straight section. The bending angle of the bending section is 45°. The distance between two adjacent nozzles 1-5 is consistent with the distance between the tooth bodies 1-6, which is 140 mm. One end of the electric push rod 1-3 is hinged to the side spray group crossbeam 1-4, and the other end is hinged to the crossbeam 1-2. The power of the electric push rod 1-3 comes from the battery of the whole machine, and the extension and retraction can realize the opening and closing of the side spray group crossbeam 1-4. After the side spray group crossbeam 1-4 is opened, the overall digging width can reach 2,800 mm.

[0042] The skid supporting device 15 is symmetrically arranged on the outside of the caterpillar track 14 on both sides of the main body frame 13, and is composed of a skid 15-1, a skid internal support frame 15-2, a seat lug 15-3, a swing rod 15-4, a skid lifting oil cylinder 15-5, and a skid supporting device frame 15-6. The skid 15-1 is mainly composed of a breaking surface and a side guard plate. Two breaking surfaces are symmetrically arranged front and back, and the side guard plate is connected between the two breaking surfaces. The included angle between the two breaking plates constituting the breaking surface is a chamfer angle α (as shown in Figure 5 ), and the intersection line of the two breaking plates is provided with a chamfer angle φ in the vertical direction. The skid internal support frame 15-2 is welded by square tubes and then welded inside the skid 15-1 to improve the rigidity and strength of the skid 15-1. The hollow part inside the skid 15-1 can be filled with foam to prevent mud and water from flowing into it.

[0043] The skid supporting device frame 15-6 is fixedly connected with the main body frame 13. The swing rod 15-4 is hinged between the skid internal support frame 15-2 and the skid supporting device frame 15-6. Two seat lugs are welded in the middle of the skid supporting device frame 15-6 and the swing rod 15-4. The skid lifting oil cylinder 15-5 is hinged with the two seat lugs. Four seat lugs are welded on the lower part of the skid supporting device frame 15-6. The number of swing rods 15-4 is four. The top end of the swing rod 15-4 is hinged with the four seat lugs on the lower part of the skid supporting device frame 15-6, so that the swing rod 15-4 can rotate around the skid supporting device frame 15-6. In addition, the other four seat lugs 15-3 are welded on the top of the skid internal support frame 15-2. The bottom end of the swing rod 15-4 is hinged with the four seat lugs 15-3 on the top of the skid internal support frame 15-2. The swing rod 15-4, the skid supporting device frame 15-6 and the skid internal support frame 15-2 form a parallelogram mechanism. The extension and retraction of the skid lifting oil cylinder 15-5 can adjust the ground clearance of the skid 15-1.

[0044] The hydraulic system provides water flow for the spout nozzles 1-8 and the nozzles 1-5, which mainly consists of a water distribution device, a water pump 10, a water pump pontoon 11, a filter device, and a water delivery pipe 16. The water pump pontoon 11 consists of a pontoon 11-1 and a pontoon frame 11-2, which can be fixed to the main frame 13 during driving in the field. The water delivery pipe 16 is connected to the water outlet pipe of the water pump 10. The whole machine has three water pumps 10, two of which are directly welded to the main frame 13 and arranged side by side at the rear end of the track pontoon type chassis. The third water pump 10 is welded to the upper end of the water pump pontoon 11, and its gravity is borne by the water pump pontoon 11, which reduces the deviation of the gravity center of the whole machine. The filter device is connected to the water inlet pipe of the water pump 10 to filter water impurities. The water distribution device is connected to the water delivery pipe 16 and includes two side water inlet distribution devices 18 and one centralized water distribution device 20. The two side water inlet distribution devices 18 and the centralized water distribution device 20 are fixed to the main frame 13 and arranged at the front end of the main frame 13. The two side water inlet distribution devices 18 supply water to 16 spout nozzles 1-8, and the centralized water distribution device 20 supplies water to 8 nozzles 1-5 of the side spray group beam 1-4.

[0045] Hereinafter, the working principle of the jet flow excavating lotus root machine of the present application will be described briefly with reference to the above structural features: Figures 1 to 5

[0046] When the lotus root machine drives in the field, the upper computer 9 provides power for the hydraulic system of the whole machine. The track 14 is driven to rotate by the hydraulic motor, and at the same time, the skid lifting cylinder 15-5 is controlled to extend, driving the swing rod 15-4 to rotate, lowering the height of the skid 15-1, so that the skid 15-1 contacts the soil and supports part of the gravity of the whole machine, reducing the depth of the track 14 sinking. After driving to the working area, the chassis stops running, the electric push rod 1-3 on both sides of the beam 1-2 is controlled to extend, so that the side spray group beam 1-4 is opened, the boom cylinder 8 is controlled to lower the height of the boom 6, the bucket rod 5 and the jet flow excavating shovel cylinder 4 are adjusted, the jet flow excavating shovel 1 is adjusted to the appropriate digging position and angle, and at the same time, the water pump 10 in the hydraulic system is started. The water flow is sucked into the water pump 10 through the filter device for pressurization, and after pressurization, the high-speed water flow is sent to the spout nozzles 1-8 and the nozzles 1-5 of the side spray group beam 1-4 through the water delivery pipe 16 and the water distribution device. Then, the jet flow excavating shovel cylinder 4 and the bucket rod cylinder 7 are controlled to cooperate with each other to complete the digging work. During this operation, the hydraulic system continues to work. After the jet flow excavating shovel 1 enters the soil, the spout nozzles 1-8 impact the soil from bottom to top, reducing the digging resistance. The jet flow excavating shovel 1 digs out the mixture of lotus root and soil and lifts it up. During the lifting process, the spout nozzles 1-8 continuously spray water flow to separate the lotus root from the soil. After the nozzles 1-5 of the side spray group beam 1-4 flush the surface soil from top to bottom, the jet flow excavating system is rotated to continue digging in this area, thereby improving the working efficiency.

[0047] ​In addition, the method for using the jet flow excavating type lotus root excavator comprises the following steps.

[0048] Step 1: preparation: before use, start the hydraulic motor to drive the driving wheel 12 to rotate, and then the driving wheel 12 guides the wrapping movement of the track 14, the whole machine moves forward, at the same time, the skid lifting oil cylinder 15-5 extends to lower the height of the skid 15-1, so that the skid 15-1 contacts the soil to support part of the gravity of the whole machine, and the machine stops walking after driving to the working area; the side jet group cross beam 1-4 on both sides of the cross beam 1-2 is controlled to open, the boom oil cylinder 8, the bucket rod oil cylinder 7 and the jet flow excavating bucket oil cylinder 4 are controlled to contract, the jet flow excavating bucket 1 is adjusted to a suitable digging angle and height, so that the jet flow excavating bucket 1 contacts the soil, and at the same time, the water pump 10 in the water system is started;

[0049] Step 2: excavating operation: the jet flow excavating bucket oil cylinder 4 and the bucket rod oil cylinder 7 are controlled to extend to drive the jet flow excavating bucket 1 to excavate, as the excavating depth increases, the lotus root and the soil move to the inside of the jet flow excavating bucket 1 along one side of the bucket tooth, and at the same time, the soil is continuously washed by the high-speed water flow sprayed by the jet nozzle 1-8, after reaching the specified excavating depth, the boom oil cylinder 8 is quickly and repeatedly controlled to extend and contract to promote the separation of the lotus root and the soil, after the lotus root is separated, the jet flow excavating bucket oil cylinder 4 is contracted to unload the soil on the bucket tooth; for the flushing area of the two side nozzles 1-5, the jet flow excavating system is rotated for supplementary excavation, and the above-mentioned excavating action is repeatedly performed multiple times to improve the lotus root excavation rate.

[0050] The jet flow excavating bucket oil cylinder 4 and the bucket rod oil cylinder 7 are controlled to extend to drive the jet flow excavating bucket 1 to excavate, as the excavating depth increases, the lotus root and the soil move to the inside of the jet flow excavating bucket 1 along one side of the bucket tooth, and at the same time, the soil is continuously washed by the high-speed water flow sprayed by the jet nozzle 1-8, after reaching the specified excavating depth, the boom oil cylinder 8 is quickly and repeatedly controlled to extend and contract to promote the separation of the lotus root and the soil, after the lotus root is separated, the jet flow excavating bucket oil cylinder 4 is contracted to unload the soil on the bucket tooth; for the flushing area of the two side nozzles 1-5, the jet flow excavating system is rotated for supplementary excavation, and the above-mentioned excavating action is repeatedly performed multiple times to improve the lotus root excavation rate.

[0051] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this, any person skilled in the art can understand the transformation or replacement within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered in the inclusive scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A hydraulic excavator of the jet auger type comprising a tracked pontoon undercarriage characterised in that, The front side of the track pontoon chassis is provided with a jet flow excavating system, which comprises a jet flow excavating shovel and a driving mechanism for driving the jet flow excavating shovel to perform excavating operation; The jet flow excavating shovel comprises a crossbeam, shovel tooth bodies uniformly and spacedly arranged below the crossbeam, and a cutting edge nozzle arranged on the shovel tooth bodies and used for continuously spraying water flow from bottom to top to separate lotus roots from soil; side edge spray group crossbeams are hingedly arranged on both sides of the crossbeam, and nozzles for flushing surface soil from top to bottom are arranged on the side edge spray group crossbeams; Both sides of the track pontoon chassis are symmetrically provided with skid supporting devices, which comprise skids, skid inner supporting frames welded in the skids, swing rods hingedly connected with the skid inner supporting frames, skid supporting device racks hingedly connected with the other ends of the swing rods, the skid supporting device racks being fixedly connected with the track pontoon chassis, and skid lifting oil cylinders arranged between the skid supporting device racks and the swing rods and used for adjusting the ground clearance of the skids; The track pontoon chassis is further provided with a power system for providing power for the track pontoon chassis and the driving mechanism, and a water power system for providing water flow for the cutting edge nozzles and the nozzles; The driving mechanism comprises a movable arm hingedly connected with the track pontoon chassis, a bucket rod hingedly connected with the other end of the movable arm, a movable arm oil cylinder arranged between the movable arm and the track pontoon chassis, and a bucket rod oil cylinder arranged between the movable arm and the bucket rod; The jet flow excavating shovel is simultaneously hingedly connected with the other end of the bucket rod and the swing arm, the jet flow excavating shovel oil cylinder and the connecting rod are arranged between the bucket rod and the swing arm, the other end of the swing arm is hingedly connected with the jet flow excavating shovel oil cylinder and the connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is hingedly connected with the bucket rod; The extension and retraction of the movable arm oil cylinder can drive the movable arm to rotate about the fixed shaft, the extension and retraction of the bucket rod oil cylinder can drive the bucket rod to rotate about the fixed shaft of the movable arm, and the extension and retraction of the jet flow excavating shovel oil cylinder can drive the jet flow excavating shovel to rotate about the fixed shaft of the bucket rod; The track pontoon chassis comprises a main body rack, tensioning wheels and driving wheels connected with both sides of the main body rack through bearings, and a track drivingly connected with the tensioning wheels and the driving wheels; a pontoon is arranged in the main body rack for providing buoyancy for the whole machine when driving in the lotus root field; An electric push rod is arranged between the crossbeam and the side edge spray group crossbeam, one end of the electric push rod is hingedly connected with the side edge spray group crossbeam, the other end of the electric push rod is hingedly connected with the crossbeam, and the extension and retraction of the electric push rod can realize the opening and closing of the side edge spray group crossbeam; The nozzles are composed of a bending section and a straight section, the bending angle of the bending section is 45°, and the interval between two adjacent nozzles is consistent with the interval between the shovel tooth bodies; The skid is composed of two front and rear symmetrically arranged soil breaking surfaces and a side guard plate connected between the two soil breaking surfaces, the included angle between the two soil breaking plates is a chamfered angle, and the intersection line of the two soil breaking plates is provided with a slide angle with respect to the vertical direction; The skid inner supporting frame is welded by square tubes, and the hollow part of the skid is filled with foam. The hydraulic system comprises three water pumps, a filtering device connected with the water inlet pipe of the water pump, a water delivery pipe connected with the water outlet pipe of the water pump, and a water distribution device connected with the water delivery pipe, wherein two water pumps are directly welded with the main body frame and arranged side by side at the rear end of the track float pontoon type chassis, and one water pump is welded with the upper end of the water pump float platform which is composed of a float platform and a float platform frame; The water distribution device comprises two side water inlet distribution devices and one centralized water distribution device which are all fixed with the main body frame, and the two side water inlet distribution devices and the one centralized water distribution device are arranged at the front end of the main body frame, the side water inlet distribution devices supply water for the spout nozzles, and the centralized water distribution device supplies water for the nozzles of the side jet group crossbeam.

2. The fluidic excavating digger of claim 1, wherein: The tooth body is composed of an upper cylindrical segment, a middle square tube segment and a lower bent segment which are connected in sequence, the upper cylindrical segment is provided with an external thread which is fixed with the crossbeam through thread connection, and the bending angle of the lower bent segment is 100°.

3. The fluidic excavating digger of claim 1, wherein: A tooth steel bar is welded between two adjacent tooth bodies, the interval between the two adjacent tooth bodies is 140mm, and after the tooth steel bar is added, the gap is 70mm.

4. The method of using a fluid jet excavating excavator as described in claim 1 wherein: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: preparation: before use, start the hydraulic motor to drive the driving wheel to rotate, and then drive the track to wind and move forward, at the same time, the skid lifting cylinder is extended to lower the height of the skid, so that the skid contacts the soil to support part of the gravity of the whole machine, stop walking after driving to the working area, control the side jet group crossbeam on both sides of the crossbeam to open, control the boom cylinder, arm cylinder and jet digging shovel cylinder to contract, adjust the jet digging shovel to the appropriate digging angle and height, so that the jet digging shovel contacts the soil, and start the water pump in the hydraulic system; Step 2: digging operation: control the jet digging shovel cylinder and the arm cylinder to extend to drive the jet digging shovel to dig, as the digging depth increases, the lotus root and soil move to the inside of the jet digging shovel along one side of the tooth, and move upward under the driving of the jet digging shovel, at the same time, the spout nozzle sprays high-speed water flow to continuously flush the mixture of lotus root and soil, after reaching the specified digging depth, control the boom cylinder to quickly and repeatedly extend and contract to promote the separation of lotus root and soil, after the lotus root is separated, contract the jet digging shovel cylinder to unload the soil on the tooth; For the flushing area of the two side nozzles, rotate the jet digging system to supplement the digging, and repeatedly perform the above digging action for multiple times to improve the lotus root digging rate.

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