A spindle and machine tool having the same

Abstract

The application relates to the field of electromechanics and provides a main shaft and a machine tool with the same. The main shaft comprises a shaft sleeve assembly, a shaft core and a bearing assembly, the shaft core is rotatably arranged in the shaft sleeve assembly through the bearing assembly, a rear end locking piece is fixedly connected with the rear end of the shaft core and is used for axially compressing and limiting the bearing assembly, an encoder gear is integrally arranged with the rear end locking piece and is located on the outer circumferential surface of the rear end locking piece, and an encoder is fixedly arranged in the shaft sleeve assembly and is located on the radial side of the encoder gear. The encoder is matched with the encoder gear to measure the angle of the main shaft. The rear end locking piece and the encoder gear are integrated into an integrated structure, the number of parts of the main shaft is reduced, the assembly is simple, the assembly efficiency is high, the cumulative error is small, the precision adjustment is easy, the assembly precision is high, the machining process is reduced, the machining cost is reduced, and the risk of circumferential rotation of the encoder gear is avoided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of electromechanics, and in particular to a spindle and a machine tool having the same. BACKGROUND

[0002] The spindle of the machine tool needs to axially lock the bearing assembly, and also needs to be provided with an encoder and an encoder gear for detecting angle, position, speed and acceleration information.

[0003] However, the spindle in the related art sets an independent axial locking member to lock the bearing assembly, and sets an independent encoder gear on the shaft core, so that the spindle has more components, resulting in complicated assembly and low assembly efficiency. SUMMARY

[0004] To solve the technical problem of low assembly efficiency of the spindle in the related art, the present application provides a spindle and a machine tool having the same.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present application, a spindle is provided, comprising: a sleeve assembly; a shaft core and a bearing assembly, the shaft core being rotatably arranged in the sleeve assembly through the bearing assembly; a rear end locking member, the rear end locking member being fixedly connected with a rear end of the shaft core and being used for axially compressing and limiting the bearing assembly; an encoder gear, the encoder gear being integrally arranged with the rear end locking member and being located on an outer peripheral surface of the rear end locking member; and an encoder, the encoder being fixedly arranged in the sleeve assembly and being located on a radial side of the encoder gear; the encoder and the encoder gear are matched to measure the angle of the spindle.

[0006] Further, a mounting hole adapted to the shaft core is formed on a first axial end surface of the rear end locking member, the depth of the mounting hole is less than the length of the rear end locking member, the rear end locking member is sleeved on the rear end of the shaft core through the mounting hole, and the first axial end surface of the rear end locking member is in abutment with the bearing assembly to axially compress and limit the bearing assembly.

[0007] Further, a first connecting hole is formed on a second axial end surface of the rear end locking member, the first connecting hole extends to the bottom wall of the mounting hole; a second connecting hole is formed on the rear end surface of the shaft core; and the spindle further comprises a connecting member, the connecting member is arranged at the first connecting hole and the second connecting hole to fixedly connect the rear end of the shaft core with the rear end locking member.

[0008] Further, a plurality of first connecting holes are arranged on the rear end locking member, a plurality of second connecting holes are arranged on the rear end surface of the shaft core, the connecting member is a plurality of connecting members, the plurality of second connecting holes are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first connecting holes, and one connecting member is arranged at each group of corresponding first connecting holes and second connecting holes; a relief counterbore is further formed on the second axial end surface of the rear end locking member and is in communication with the plurality of first connecting holes, and the depth of the relief counterbore is greater than or equal to the depth of the head of the connecting member.

[0009] Further, the distance between the rear end face of the bearing assembly and the rear end face of the shaft core is L1; the distance between the first axial end face of the rear end locking member and the hole bottom wall of the mounting hole is L2; L2>L1; by applying a locking torque to the connecting member, the bearing assembly can be axially compressed and limited.

[0010] Further, the bearing assembly comprises a bearing and a bearing seat, the bearing seat is connected with the shaft sleeve assembly, at least one bearing is arranged on the bearing seat, the rear end face of the bearing is the rear end face of the bearing assembly, and the rear end locking member abuts against the rear end face of the bearing; or the bearing assembly comprises a bearing, a bearing seat, and a spacer ring, the bearing seat is connected with the shaft sleeve assembly, at least one bearing is arranged on the bearing seat, the spacer ring is sleeved on the shaft core and abuts against the bearing, the rear end face of the spacer ring is the rear end face of the bearing assembly, and the rear end locking member abuts against the rear end face of the spacer ring.

[0011] Further, the main shaft further comprises a pull rod movably arranged in the shaft core; the second axial end face of the rear end locking member is further provided with a relief hole in communication with the mounting hole; the pull rod comprises a first rod segment and a second rod segment connected with each other, the first rod segment is matched with the inner hole of the shaft core, and the second rod segment is matched with the relief hole; the hole bottom wall of the mounting hole of the rear end locking member abuts against the rear end face of the first rod segment to axially limit the pull rod.

[0012] Further, the main shaft further comprises an elastic element; the pull rod further comprises a third rod segment connected with the first rod segment, the third rod segment is located on the side of the first rod segment away from the second rod segment, the diameter of the third rod segment is smaller than that of the first rod segment; the elastic element is sleeved between the third rod segment and the shaft core, the elastic element abuts against the third rod segment and is used to provide a force for moving the pull rod backward, and the hole bottom wall of the mounting hole axially limits the elastic element through the first rod segment.

[0013] Further, the cross-sectional shape of the second rod segment is a non-integer circular structure, and the cross-sectional shape of the relief hole is matched with that of the second rod segment.

[0014] Further, the outer peripheral surface of the second rod segment has at least one first plane, the hole side wall of the relief hole has at least one second plane, and the second plane cooperates with the first plane to realize the circumferential limitation of the pull rod.

[0015] Further, the rear end locking member is axially or radially provided with an adjusting hole and / or an adjusting face, and counterweights or weights are arranged on the adjusting hole and / or the adjusting face to adjust the dynamic balance of the main shaft.

[0016] Further, the axial second end surface of the rear end locking piece is also provided with at least one screw hole, so as to adjust the dynamic balance of the main shaft by installing or removing the jackscrew on the screw hole; and / or the outer peripheral surface of the rear end locking piece is used as an adjustment surface, so as to adjust the dynamic balance of the main shaft by removing part of the material on the adjustment surface; and / or the second axial end surface of the rear end locking piece is used as an adjustment surface, so as to adjust the dynamic balance of the main shaft by removing part of the material on the adjustment surface.

[0017] According to another aspect of the present application, a machine tool is also provided, which comprises the main shaft described above.

[0018] According to the technical scheme of the present application, the rear end locking piece and the encoder gear are integrated into a one-piece structure, thereby reducing the parts of the main shaft, simplifying the assembly and improving the assembly efficiency. Moreover, if multiple parts are provided, the precision of the matching surfaces of the parts needs to be ensured to ensure the assembly precision, which leads to the need for high machining precision of each part. However, the present application reduces the parts of the main shaft, reduces the matching surfaces, has small cumulative error, is easy to adjust the precision, has high assembly precision, reduces the machining procedures and lowers the machining cost. In addition, the fixed connection of the rear end locking piece and the shaft core can also position the circumference of the encoder gear, without the need for an additional circumferential positioning structure of the encoder gear, thereby being conducive to further reducing the cost, further improving the machining efficiency and the assembly efficiency. The improved main shaft structure of the present application is simple, and in the process of high-speed rotation, the encoder gear will not rotate relative to the shaft core, thereby ensuring that the detection signals such as the angle and the rotation speed of the main shaft will not be disordered, ensuring the normal driving and rotation of the main shaft, and further improving the reliability of the main shaft. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 Fig. 1 shows a structure schematic diagram of a main shaft of an optional embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 Fig. 2 shows a structure schematic diagram of a main shaft of another optional embodiment of the present application; Figure 1 Fig. 3 shows an enlarged structure schematic diagram of A in Fig. 2;

[0021] Figure 3 Fig. 4 shows a structure schematic diagram of a main shaft of another optional embodiment of the present application; Figure 1 Fig. 5 shows a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the integrated rear end locking piece and the encoder gear of the main shaft in Fig. 4;

[0022] Figure 4 Fig. 6 shows a two-dimensional structure schematic diagram of Fig. 5; Figure 3

[0023] Figure 5 Fig. 7 shows a sectional view of B-B in Fig. 6. Figure 4

[0024] ​​The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application. In the drawings:

[0025] In the drawings:

[0026] 10, shaft sleeve assembly; 20, shaft core; 21, second connecting hole; 30, bearing assembly; 31, bearing; 32, bearing seat; 33, spacer ring; 40, rear end locking piece; 41, encoder gear; 401, mounting hole; 402, hole bottom wall; 42, hole side wall; 403, first connecting hole; 404, avoidance counterbore; 405, positioning hole; 406, second plane; 407, screw hole; 408, groove; 43, first axial end face; 50, encoder; 60, connecting piece; 70, pull rod; 71, first rod segment; 72, second rod segment; 73, third rod segment; 80, elastic element; 90, rear cover plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the personnel in the technical field better understand the application scheme, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by the person of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor should belong to the protection scope of the application.

[0028] In order to solve the technical problem of low assembly efficiency of the main shaft in the related art, the application provides a main shaft and a machine tool with the same.

[0029] As shown in Figures 1 to 5 The main shaft comprises: a shaft sleeve assembly 10; a shaft core 20 and a bearing assembly 30, the shaft core 20 is rotatably arranged in the shaft sleeve assembly 10 through the bearing assembly 30; a rear end locking piece 40, the rear end locking piece 40 is fixedly connected with the rear end of the shaft core 20 and is used for axially compressing and limiting the bearing assembly 30; an encoder gear 41, the encoder gear 41 is integrally arranged with the rear end locking piece 40 and is located on the outer peripheral surface of the rear end locking piece 40; an encoder 50, the encoder 50 is fixedly arranged in the shaft sleeve assembly 10 and is located on the radial side of the encoder gear 41; the encoder 50 cooperates with the encoder gear 41 to measure the angle of the main shaft.

[0030] In this way, the rear end locking piece 40 and the encoder gear 41 are integrated into an integrated structure, thereby reducing the parts of the main shaft, simple assembly, and high assembly efficiency. Moreover, if multiple parts are provided, the precision of the mating surface of each part needs to be ensured to ensure the assembly precision, resulting in the need for high machining precision of each part. However, the present application reduces the parts of the main shaft, reduces the mating surface, has small cumulative error, is easy to adjust precision, has high assembly precision, reduces machining procedures, and reduces machining cost. In addition, the rear end locking piece 40 is fixedly connected with the shaft core 20, and the circumferential direction of the encoder gear 41 is positioned, without the need to provide an additional circumferential direction positioning structure of the encoder gear 41, thereby being conducive to further reducing cost, further improving machining efficiency and assembly efficiency. The improved main shaft structure of the present application is simple, and in the process of high-speed rotation, the encoder gear 41 will not rotate in the circumferential direction relative to the shaft core, thereby ensuring that the angle, rotation speed, and other detection signals of the main shaft will not be disordered, ensuring normal driving and rotation of the main shaft, and thereby improving the reliability of the main shaft.

[0031] As shown in Figure 2 Optionally, the first axial end surface 43 of the rear end locking piece 40 is provided with a mounting hole 401 matched with the shaft core 20, the depth of the mounting hole 401 is less than the length of the rear end locking piece 40, the rear end locking piece 40 is sleeved on the rear end of the shaft core 20 through the mounting hole 401, and the first axial end surface of the rear end locking piece 40 is in abutment with the bearing assembly 30 to axially compress and limit the bearing assembly 30. In this way, the first axial end surface 43 serves as a bearing assembly compression surface to axially compress and limit the bearing assembly 30.

[0032] Optionally, the hole bottom wall 402 of the mounting hole 401 is in abutment with the rear end surface of the shaft core 20, and the hole bottom wall 402 serves as a shaft core end surface compression surface, and the hole side wall 42 of the mounting hole 401 serves as a shaft core outer circle positioning surface.

[0033] Optionally, a gap is left between the hole bottom wall 402 of the mounting hole 401 and the rear end surface of the shaft core 20, and the bearing inner ring is compressed by the rear end screw.

[0034] Optionally, the depth of the mounting hole 401 is adjusted according to the distance between the rear end surface of the bearing assembly 30 and the rear end surface of the shaft core 20, the depth of the mounting hole 401 is greater than the distance between the rear end surface of the bearing assembly 30 and the rear end surface of the shaft core 20, and the effect of axial compression is achieved.

[0035] Optionally, a first connecting hole 403 is formed on the second axial end surface of the rear end locking piece 40, the first connecting hole 403 extends to the hole bottom wall 402 of the mounting hole 401; a second connecting hole 21 is formed on the rear end surface of the shaft core 20; the main shaft further comprises a connecting piece 60, the connecting piece 60 is arranged at the first connecting hole 403 and the second connecting hole 21, so that the rear end locking piece 40 is fixedly connected with the rear end of the shaft core 20. In this way, the rear end locking piece 40 and the shaft core 20 are fixedly connected together through the connecting piece 60, so that the encoder gear 41 integrally arranged with the rear end locking piece 40 can be circumferentially limited, and a separate encoder gear axial limiting structure does not need to be additionally arranged, the cost of the main shaft can be reduced, and the production efficiency of the main shaft is improved. At the same time, the connecting piece 60 can be used to apply a locking torque to the rear end locking piece 40, so that the rear end locking piece 40 is pressed against the rear end surface of the bearing assembly 30, and the axial pressing and limiting of the bearing assembly 30 are realized.

[0036] Optionally, as shown in Figure 5 the rear end locking piece 40 is provided with a plurality of first connecting holes 403, the rear end surface of the shaft core 20 is provided with a plurality of second connecting holes 21, the connecting piece 60 is a plurality of connecting pieces, the plurality of second connecting holes 21 and the plurality of first connecting holes 403 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, and one connecting piece 60 is arranged at each group of corresponding first connecting holes 403 and second connecting holes 21; the second axial end surface of the rear end locking piece 40 is further provided with an avoidance counterbore 404 which is in communication with the plurality of first connecting holes 403, and the depth of the avoidance counterbore 404 is greater than or equal to the depth of the head of the connecting piece 60. In this way, when the head of the connecting piece 60 is large, the setting of the avoidance counterbore 404 can avoid the head of the connecting piece 60 protruding outward of the rear end locking piece and affecting other structures, so as to facilitate shortening the overall length of the main shaft, and the main shaft is more beautiful as a whole after the avoidance counterbore 404 is arranged.

[0037] Optionally, in an optional embodiment not shown in the application, the avoidance counterbore 404 can also not be arranged, as long as the head of the connecting piece 60 does not have any influence after protruding.

[0038] Optionally, the hole side wall of the avoidance counterbore 404 can also be used as an adjustment surface, and the adjustment surface can be removed to realize adjustment of the dynamic balance of the main shaft, so that the outer surface of the rear end locking piece 40 does not need to be removed, and the appearance of the rear end locking piece 40 is facilitated to be beautiful.

[0039] Optionally, the connecting piece 60 is a screw.

[0040] Optionally, the distance between the rear end face of the bearing assembly 30 and the rear end face of the shaft core 20 is L1; the distance between the first axial end face of the rear end locking piece 40 and the hole bottom wall 402 of the mounting hole 401 is L2; L2>L1; by applying a locking torque to the connecting piece 60, the bearing assembly 30 can be axially compressed and limited. In this way, by limiting the parameters, the axial compression and limiting effect of the rear end locking piece 40 on the bearing assembly 30 is ensured.

[0041] Optionally, the bearing assembly 30 comprises a bearing 31 and a bearing seat 32, the bearing seat 32 is connected with the shaft sleeve assembly 10, and at least one bearing 31 is arranged on the bearing seat 32; the rear end face of the bearing 31 is the rear end face of the bearing assembly 30, and the rear end locking piece 40 abuts against the rear end face of the bearing 31.

[0042] Optionally, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the bearing assembly 30 comprises a bearing 31, a bearing seat 32, and a spacer ring 33; the bearing seat 32 is connected with the shaft sleeve assembly 10, and at least one bearing 31 is arranged on the bearing seat 32; the spacer ring 33 is sleeved on the shaft core 20 and abuts against the bearing 31; the rear end face of the spacer ring 33 is the rear end face of the bearing assembly 30, and the rear end locking piece 40 abuts against the rear end face of the spacer ring 33. The spacer ring 33 can protect the bearing 31; during the working process of the bearing, it is required that the force on the end face of the bearing is uniform, but the perpendicularity of the end face of the rear end locking piece 40 to the axis is difficult to guarantee, and directly pressing on the bearing 31 can easily cause local deformation of the bearing 31, affect the performance of the bearing, and increase the high-precision spacer ring 33; the non-uniform pressure caused by the poor perpendicularity of the rear end locking piece 40 is applied to the spacer ring 33, and then a relatively uniform force is transmitted to the end face of the bearing 31 through the spacer ring 33, so as to protect the bearing 31.

[0043] When the machining precision of the parts is high or cost saving is required, the spacer ring 33 can be cancelled, and the rear end locking piece 40 is directly pressed on the bearing 31.

[0044] Optionally, as shown in Figure 2 , the spindle further comprises a pull rod 70, which is movably arranged in the shaft core 20; as shown in Figures 2 to 5 , the second axial end face of the rear end locking piece 40 is further provided with a relief hole 405 which is in communication with the mounting hole 401; the pull rod 70 comprises a first rod segment 71 and a second rod segment 72 which are connected with each other; the first rod segment 71 is matched with the inner hole of the shaft core 20, and the second rod segment 72 is matched with the relief hole 405; the hole bottom wall 402 of the mounting hole 401 of the rear end locking piece 40 abuts against the rear end face of the first rod segment 71 to axially limit the pull rod 70. In this way, the rear end locking piece 40 also has the effect of axially limiting the pull rod 70, which can further reduce the spindle parts and improve the assembly efficiency.

[0045] Optionally, the diameter of the accommodation hole 405 is smaller than the diameter of the mounting hole 401, the diameter of the accommodation hole 405 is smaller than the inner diameter of the shaft core 20, and the diameter of the mounting hole 401 is greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the shaft core 20.

[0046] Optionally, the diameter of the first rod segment 71 is greater than the diameter of the second rod segment 72.

[0047] Optionally, the diameter of the first rod segment 71 is equal to the diameter of the second rod segment 72, and the cylindrical side surface of the second rod segment 72 is provided with two straight surfaces.

[0048] Optionally, the main shaft further comprises an elastic element 80, the pull rod 70 further comprises a third rod segment 73 connected with the first rod segment 71, the third rod segment 73 is located on the side of the first rod segment 71 away from the second rod segment 72, the diameter of the third rod segment 73 is smaller than the diameter of the first rod segment 71, the elastic element 80 is sleeved between the third rod segment 73 and the shaft core 20, the elastic element 80 abuts against the third rod segment 73 and is used to provide an acting force for moving the pull rod 70 backward, and the hole bottom wall 402 of the mounting hole 401 axially limits the elastic element 80. In this way, the rear-end locking piece 40 also has the effect of axially limiting the elastic element 80, which can further reduce the parts of the main shaft and improve the assembly efficiency.

[0049] Optionally, the cross-sectional shape of the second rod segment 72 is a non-integer circular structure, and the cross-sectional shape of the accommodation hole 405 is adapted to the second rod segment 72. In this way, the rear-end locking piece 40 and the pull rod 70 cannot rotate relative to each other in the circumferential direction, and the rear-end locking piece 40 also has the effect of limiting the pull rod 70 in the circumferential direction, which can limit the radial angle of the pull rod 70.

[0050] Optionally, the outer peripheral surface of the second rod segment 72 has at least one first plane, the hole side wall of the accommodation hole 405 has at least one second plane 406, and the second plane 406 cooperates with the first plane to limit the circumferential direction of the pull rod 70. In this way, the first plane and the second plane 406 are convenient to process.

[0051] Optionally, the rear-end locking piece 40 is provided with an adjusting hole and / or an adjusting surface in the axial direction or the radial direction, and the dynamic balance of the main shaft is adjusted by adding or removing weights on the adjusting hole and / or the adjusting surface. In this way, the dynamic balance adjustment of the main shaft can be realized through the rear-end locking piece 40, without the need to additionally provide a dynamic balance adjustment structure.

[0052] Optionally, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 , at least one screw hole 407 is further provided on the axial second end surface of the rear-end locking piece 40, so as to adjust the dynamic balance of the main shaft by installing or removing a jackscrew on the screw hole 407. In this way, the dynamic balance adjustment of the main shaft can be realized.

[0053] Optionally, the outer circumferential surface of the rear end locking piece 40 is used as an adjustment surface, and part of the material on the adjustment surface is removed to adjust the dynamic balance of the main shaft. In this way, the dynamic balance adjustment of the main shaft can be realized.

[0054] Optionally, the second axial end surface of the rear end locking piece 40 is used as an adjustment surface, and part of the material on the adjustment surface is removed to adjust the dynamic balance of the main shaft. In this way, the dynamic balance adjustment of the main shaft can be realized.

[0055] The main shaft provided in the application, when the shaft core 20 rotates relative to the shaft sleeve assembly 10, the shaft core 20 drives the rear end locking piece 40 to rotate synchronously, and the encoder gear 41 on the rear end locking piece 40 rotates relative to the encoder 50, thereby realizing the measurement of the angle, position, speed and acceleration of the main shaft.

[0056] Optionally, as shown in Figures 3 to 5 , a plurality of first connecting holes 403 are arranged at intervals around the outer periphery of the let-out hole 405. In this way, the rear end locking piece 40 has a compact structure, a reasonable layout, and is convenient for processing and assembly.

[0057] Optionally, as shown in Figures 3 to 5 , a plurality of screw holes 407 are arranged at intervals around the outer periphery of the let-out hole 405. In this way, the rear end locking piece 40 has a compact structure, a reasonable layout, and is convenient for processing and assembly.

[0058] Optionally, as shown in Figures 3 to 5 , a plurality of grooves 408 are also arranged at intervals on the hole side wall of the let-out hole 405. The grooves 408 are used to avoid the problem of bite corrosion. Since a sharp corner will be generated at the intersection of a plane and a circular arc surface, if the sharp corner is not treated, it is easy to scratch other parts and cause problems such as bite corrosion. Therefore, the grooves 408 are formed by hollowing out the intersection, and only the circular arc surface and the plane are used for positioning, thereby avoiding the problem of bite corrosion.

[0059] Optionally, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the first axial end surface of the encoder gear 41 is flush with the first axial end surface of the rear end locking piece 40. In this way, the layout is reasonable, and it is convenient for processing and assembly.

[0060] Optionally, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the length of the encoder gear 41 is less than the length of the rear end locking piece 40, and the outer circumferential surface of the rear end locking piece 40, which is not provided with the encoder gear 41, is used as an adjustment surface. In this way, the layout is reasonable, and it is convenient for processing and assembly, convenient for the cooperation of the encoder gear 41 and the encoder 50, and convenient for adding weight or removing weight on the adjustment surface.

[0061] Optionally, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the main shaft further comprises a rear cover plate 90 sleeved on the outer side of the spacer ring 33 and located at the rear end of the bearing 31 and the bearing seat 32, the rear cover plate 90 is fixedly connected with the bearing seat 32, the encoder 50 is fixedly connected with the rear cover plate 90 and located at the radial side of the rear end locking piece 40, the encoder 50 is correspondingly arranged with the encoder gear 41; the spacer ring 33, the shaft core 20, the pull rod 70, the rear end locking piece 40 and the encoder gear 41 rotate as a whole relative to the rear cover plate 90 and the encoder 50.

[0062] Optionally, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 According to actual needs, a sealing element is arranged between the pull rod 70 and the shaft core 20; and a sealing element is arranged between the rear end locking piece 40 and the shaft core 20.

[0063] Optionally, the pull rod 70 is provided with a central hole, through which compressed air can be transmitted to clean the inside of the main shaft or the tool; and through which cooling water can be transmitted to cool the main shaft or the tool.

[0064] Optionally, the front end of the pull rod 70 is used for clamping or releasing the tool; and the rear end of the pull rod 70 is connected with the rotary joint.

[0065] Optionally, the bearing assembly 30 is a rear bearing assembly, and the rear end locking piece 40 axially locks and limits the rear end of the rear bearing assembly.

[0066] The application further provides a machine tool comprising the main shaft.

[0067] In the related art, the main shaft rear end has problems such as many parts, complex machining process, large cumulative error, high machining cost, poor precision, and complicated assembly.

[0068] The application solves at least the following technical problems: in the related art, the main shaft rear end has many independent parts and complicated assembly, and the assembly efficiency is low; many parts have many matching surfaces, and the cumulative error is large, which leads to difficult adjustment of the main shaft precision and poor assembly precision; the machining precision of each part of the main shaft rear end is high, which leads to many machining processes of the main shaft parts and high machining cost; an encoder gear circumferential positioning structure is additionally designed, which is high in cost and complex in structure; if the encoder gear circumferential positioning structure is not designed, in the high-speed running process, if the encoder gear 41 rotates circumferentially, the main shaft angle / rotation speed signal will be disordered, which affects the normal driving of the main shaft.

[0069] The beneficial effects of the present application at least include: a brand new multifunctional rear end locking piece 40 is designed, which has the following effects. Simple structure, a simple part is designed, which can realize the functions of rear bearing locking mechanism, encoder gear fixing mechanism, broach angle positioning mechanism and broach axial limiting mechanism, simple assembly, high assembly efficiency; reduces the matching surface, small cumulative error, easy precision adjustment, high assembly precision. The rear end of multiple structures is reduced to one part, the machining process is less, and the machining cost is low. The structure is locked by the rear end screw, which can realize the circumferential fixation of the encoder gear 41, cancels the axial fixation structure of the encoder gear, and avoids the risk of circumferential rotation of the encoder gear. The structure also designs a spindle dynamic balance adjustment surface, which can realize the dynamic balance adjustment of the spindle.

[0070] In the specific embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the main shaft structure is shown, which includes a shaft sleeve assembly 10, a shaft core 20, a bearing group composed of two bearings 31, a bearing seat 32 and an encoder 50, wherein the shaft core 20 is fixed to the bearing group, the bearing group is fixed to the bearing seat 32, the bearing seat 32 is fixed to the shaft sleeve assembly 10, and the pull rod 70 is fixed to the inside of the shaft core 20. As shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 2 , the bearing seat 32 at the rear end of the main shaft needs to be axially compressed and limited on the main shaft. The present application adopts axial compression and limitation, that is, the distance between the right end face of the spacer ring 33 and the right end face of the shaft core 20 is L1, and the distance between the left compression face of the multifunctional rear end locking piece 40 and the end face compression face of the shaft core 20 is L2. In the actual assembly process, the lengths of L1 and L2 are adjusted so that L2>L1. Then, by screwing the rear end locking piece 40 into the threaded hole of the axial right end face and applying a certain locking torque, the axial compression and limitation of the main shaft rear bearing assembly can be realized. As shown in Figure 3 , a circle of teeth, i.e. an encoder gear 41, is arranged on the outer circular surface of the rear end locking piece 40. The teeth cooperate with the encoder 50 to realize the measurement of the angle of the main shaft. At the same time, the rear end locking piece 40 is locked to the shaft core 20 by a screw, and its radial and axial positions have been limited, so the corresponding detection tooth position of the encoder 50 has been limited, and there is no need to additionally design a circumferential positioning mechanism to ensure the accuracy of the test. As shown in Figure 4 , two second planes 406 are arranged on the inner circular surface of the rear end locking piece 40. The planes cooperate with the first plane of the pull rod 70 to realize the limitation of the angle rotation of the pull rod 70 and the circumferential limitation of the pull rod 70, so as to ensure the dynamic balance of the rotation of the main shaft; as shown in Figure 2 , an end face compression surface, i.e. a hole bottom wall 402, is arranged on the rear end locking piece 40. The surface can realize the axial limitation of the elastic element on the pull rod 70, without the need to additionally set a special axial limiting mechanism for the pull rod; as shown in Figure 2As shown, the dynamic balance adjustment hole / adjustment surface is arranged on the rear end locking piece 40, so that the dynamic balance adjustment of the main shaft rotating part can be realized by the way of weight increasing or weight reducing, and a special dynamic balance adjustment mechanism does not need to be additionally arranged.

[0071] The above specifically shows and describes the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the detailed structure, arrangement or implementation manner described herein; on the contrary, the present disclosure is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

[0072] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and it should be further understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in the specification, there is a reference to the presence of a feature, step, operation, device, component and / or combinations thereof.

[0073] The relative arrangement, numerical expressions and numerical values of the components and steps set forth in the embodiments are not limiting the scope of the present application, unless otherwise specifically stated. At the same time, it should be understood that the sizes of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in accordance with the actual proportional relationship for the purpose of description. The techniques, methods and devices known to those skilled in the relevant art can not be discussed in detail, but should be considered as part of the authorized description, if appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific value should be interpreted as merely exemplary, and not as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments can have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0074] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation words such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "transverse, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which are only for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate and imply that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of protection of the present application; the orientation words "inner, outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the contour of the parts themselves.

[0075] For purposes of the description hereinafter, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", "left", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "lateral", "medial", "superior", "inferior", "proximal", "distal" and derivatives thereof shall relate to the application as it is shown in the drawings and as they are typically oriented in use. The terms "on", "above", "under", "underneath", "over", "on top of", "side by side", "adjacent" and the like, as well as the terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including" and the like, used in the specification are used in the sense of "including but not limited to". It is further noted that the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It is also noted that the terms "proximal" and "distal" are used herein to refer to the relative positions of the various components of the device, as they are typically oriented in use. The term "proximal" refers to the position closest to the user, while the term "distal" refers to the position farthest from the user. Thus, the term "proximal" can include both "on" and "under" the user, while the term "distal" can include both "on" and "over" the user. The components of the device can also be positioned in other ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used herein should be interpreted accordingly.

[0076] It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing the particular embodiments of the application only and is not intended to be limiting. It is further noted that the terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including", "has", "having" and the like are used in the sense of "including but not limited to".

[0077] The above description is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. Many other changes and modifications can occur to those skilled in the art once alerted to the generic principles of the application. Any and all such changes, modifications or equivalents which fall within the scope of the application as defined by the appended claims are intended to be embraced by those claims.

Claims

1. A spindle, characterized in that, include: Bushing assembly (10); A shaft core (20) and a bearing assembly (30), wherein the shaft core (20) is rotatably disposed within the bushing assembly (10) via the bearing assembly (30); A rear locking member (40) is fixedly connected to the rear end of the shaft core (20) and is used to axially press and limit the bearing assembly (30); The encoder gear (41) is integrally formed with the rear locking member (40) and located on the outer peripheral surface of the rear locking member (40); The encoder (50) is fixedly disposed inside the bushing assembly (10) and located on one radial side of the encoder gear (41); the encoder (50) cooperates with the encoder gear (41) to measure the spindle angle.

2. The spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rear locking member (40) has a mounting hole (401) adapted to the shaft core (20) on its first axial end face. The depth of the mounting hole (401) is less than the length of the rear locking member (40). The rear locking member (40) is sleeved on the rear end of the shaft core (20) through the mounting hole (401). The first axial end face of the rear locking member (40) abuts against the bearing assembly (30) to axially press and limit the bearing assembly (30).

3. The spindle according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second axial end face of the rear locking member (40) is provided with a first connecting hole (403), and the first connecting hole (403) extends to the bottom wall (402) of the mounting hole (401); The rear end face of the shaft core (20) is provided with a second connecting hole (21); The spindle also includes a connector (60), which passes through the first connecting hole (403) and the second connecting hole (21) to fix the rear locking member (40) to the rear end of the shaft core (20).

4. The spindle according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rear locking member (40) is provided with a plurality of first connecting holes (403), and the rear end face of the shaft core (20) is provided with a plurality of second connecting holes (21). There are a plurality of connecting members (60), and the plurality of second connecting holes (21) are provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first connecting holes (403). Each pair of corresponding first connecting holes (403) and second connecting holes (21) is provided with a connecting member (60). The second axial end face of the rear locking member (40) is also provided with a relief countersunk hole (404) that communicates with a plurality of the first connecting holes (403). The depth of the relief countersunk hole (404) is greater than or equal to the depth of the head of the connector (60).

5. The spindle according to claim 4, characterized in that, The distance between the rear end face of the bearing assembly (30) and the rear end face of the shaft core (20) is L1; the distance between the first axial end face of the rear locking member (40) and the bottom wall (402) of the mounting hole (401) is L2; ​​L2 > L1; the bearing assembly (30) can be axially pressed and limited by applying a locking torque to the connector (60).

6. The spindle according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bearing assembly (30) includes a bearing (31) and a bearing housing (32). The bearing housing (32) is connected to the bushing assembly (10). At least one bearing (31) is disposed on the bearing housing (32). The rear end face of the bearing (31) is the rear end face of the bearing assembly (30). The rear end locking member (40) abuts against the rear end face of the bearing (31). The bearing assembly (30) includes a bearing (31), a bearing housing (32), and a spacer (33). The bearing housing (32) is connected to the bushing assembly (10). At least one bearing (31) is disposed on the bearing housing (32). The spacer (33) is sleeved on the shaft core (20) and abuts against the bearing (31). The rear end face of the spacer (33) is the rear end face of the bearing assembly (30). The rear end locking member (40) abuts against the rear end face of the spacer (33).

7. The spindle according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that, The main shaft also includes a tie rod (70), which is movably disposed within the shaft core (20); The second axial end face of the rear locking member (40) is also provided with a clearance hole (405) that communicates with the mounting hole (401); The pull rod (70) includes a first rod segment (71) and a second rod segment (72) connected to each other. The first rod segment (71) is adapted to the inner hole of the shaft core (20), and the second rod segment (72) is adapted to the relief hole (405). The bottom wall (402) of the mounting hole (401) of the rear locking member (40) abuts against the rear end face of the first rod segment (71) to axially limit the pull rod (70).

8. The spindle according to claim 7, characterized in that, The spindle also includes an elastic element (80); The pull rod (70) also includes a third rod segment (73) connected to the first rod segment (71), the third rod segment (73) being located on the side of the first rod segment (71) away from the second rod segment (72), and the diameter of the third rod segment (73) being smaller than the diameter of the first rod segment (71); The elastic element (80) is sleeved between the third rod segment (73) and the shaft core (20). The elastic element (80) abuts against the third rod segment (73) and is used to provide a force that causes the pull rod (70) to move backward. The bottom wall (402) of the mounting hole (401) axially limits the elastic element (80) through the first rod segment (71).

9. The spindle according to claim 7, characterized in that, The cross-sectional shape of the second rod segment (72) is a non-circular structure, and the cross-sectional shape of the relief hole (405) is adapted to the second rod segment (72).

10. The spindle according to claim 9, characterized in that, The outer peripheral surface of the second rod segment (72) has at least one first plane, and the sidewall of the relief hole (405) has at least one second plane (406). The second plane (406) cooperates with the first plane to achieve circumferential limiting of the pull rod (70).

11. The spindle according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The rear locking member (40) is provided with an adjustment hole and / or adjustment surface in the axial or radial direction, and the dynamic balance of the spindle is adjusted by adding or removing weight in the adjustment hole and / or the adjustment surface.

12. The spindle according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The rear locking member (40) also has at least one screw hole (407) on its axial second end face, so as to adjust the dynamic balance of the spindle by installing or removing set screws in the screw hole (407); and / or The outer peripheral surface of the rear locking member (40) serves as an adjustment surface, through which a portion of the material is removed to adjust the dynamic balance of the spindle; and / or The second axial end face of the rear locking member (40) serves as an adjustment surface, on which some material is removed to adjust the dynamic balance of the spindle.

13. A machine tool, characterized in that, The machine tool includes the spindle according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

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