A safety alarm device for grounding the positive electrode line of an electric vehicle battery

Abstract

The present invention provides a safety alarm device for grounding the positive battery line of an electric vehicle, belonging to the technical field related to vehicle alarms. The device includes an air switch, a high-power DC-DC converter configured to provide power to all 12V electrical components in the vehicle, an electric horn, and a battery. The high-voltage positive input line of the high-power DC-DC converter is connected to the positive electrode of the battery via a main power switch, and the negative line of the high-power DC-DC converter is connected to the negative lead of the battery. The device also includes a light-emitting diode (LED), a relay KM, a first diode, a second diode, an electric horn switch, and a low-power DC-DC converter configured to provide power to the electric horn and the LED. The relay KM includes a relay KM coil and a relay KM contact switch. This device can improve vehicle driving safety and is suitable for further promotion and use by large and small vehicle manufacturers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention mainly relates to the technical field related to electric vehicle safety alarms, and in particular to a battery positive line grounding safety alarm device for an electric vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Many existing DC-DC converters used in electric vehicles (disc-type) are non-isolated converters (price advantage). The battery's negative terminal is shared with the low-voltage 12V negative terminal, which is in turn connected to the vehicle body (via a grounding wire). Therefore, when the battery's positive terminal is grounded, it will cause a direct short circuit between the battery's positive terminal and the vehicle body, resulting in fire or other accidents.

[0003] There are three main solutions to this problem on the market:

[0004] The first solution involves adding a fuse to the grounding cable. This way, if the positive battery terminal becomes grounded, the fuse will explode, isolating the negative terminal from the vehicle body, thus preventing a direct short circuit between the positive battery terminal and the vehicle body. However, the downside of this solution is that if the fuse explodes, the steering wheel horn switch will become inoperable. Until the positive battery terminal grounding issue is resolved, the horn will not function properly, posing a driving safety issue.

[0005] The second solution involves adding a circuit breaker to the grounding line. This circuit breaker trips when the positive battery terminal becomes grounded, isolating the negative battery terminal from the vehicle chassis and preventing a direct short circuit between the positive battery terminal and the vehicle chassis. However, this solution has the disadvantage that tripping the circuit breaker disables the horn switch on the steering wheel. Until the positive battery terminal grounding issue is resolved, the horn cannot function properly, posing a driving safety concern.

[0006] The third solution involves a dual-slide steering wheel and a dual-shrapnel combination switch. This eliminates the need for a grounding wire, eliminating the vehicle's chassis as the negative power source for the horn switch. This prevents a direct short circuit between the battery's positive terminal and the vehicle chassis if the battery's positive terminal becomes grounded. However, this solution has the following drawbacks: 1) the steering wheel and combination switch lack universal compatibility; 2) battery positive terminal grounding issues cannot be detected and addressed promptly, potentially leading to other accidents, such as high-voltage electric shock during vehicle maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve the shortcomings of current technology, the present invention combines existing technology and, based on practical applications, provides a battery positive line grounding safety alarm device for electric vehicles to improve the vehicle's driving safety, which is suitable for further promotion and use by large and small vehicle manufacturers.

[0008] The technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0009] A safety alarm device for a positive-pole battery line in an electric vehicle comprises an air switch, a high-power DC-DC converter configured to provide power to all 12V electrical components in the vehicle, an electric horn, and a battery. The high-voltage positive input line of the high-power DC-DC converter is connected to the positive electrode of the battery via a main power switch, and the negative line of the high-power DC-DC converter is connected to the negative lead of the battery. The device also comprises a light-emitting diode, a relay KM, a first diode, a second diode, an electric horn switch, and a low-power DC-DC converter configured to provide power to the electric horn and the light-emitting diode. The relay KM comprises a relay KM coil and a relay KM contact switch.

[0010] Among them, the 12V low-voltage output line of the high-power DC-DC converter is connected to the input end of the relay KM coil and the relay KM contact switch, the output end of the relay KM coil is connected to the positive end of the second diode, and the output end of the relay KM contact switch is connected to the positive end of the electric horn and the negative end of the first diode;

[0011] The positive terminal of the first diode and the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode are both connected to the 12V low-voltage output line of the low-power DC-DC converter, and the negative terminal of the second diode and the input terminal of the electric horn switch are both connected to the high-voltage input terminal of the low-power DC-DC converter;

[0012] The negative wire of the low-power DC-DC converter, the negative terminal of the light-emitting diode, and the negative terminal of the horn are all connected to the negative wire of the battery;

[0013] One end of the air switch is connected to the negative electrode wire of the battery, and the other end of the air switch and the negative end of the electric horn switch are both connected to the vehicle body as a grounding wire.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a fuse, which is connected in series with the air switch. The designed tripping current of the air switch is smaller than the designed melting current of the fuse, so that when the high voltage of the vehicle body is short-circuited with the negative pole of the battery, the air switch will operate before the fuse.

[0015] Furthermore, the air switch is designed to have a tripping current of 10A, and the fuse is designed to have a fusing current of 15A.

[0016] Furthermore, the relay KM contact switch is a normally open switch; when no current flows through the relay KM coil and no magnetic field is generated, the relay KM contact switch is in an open state; when current flows through the relay KM coil and a magnetic field is generated, the relay KM contact switch is closed.

[0017] Furthermore, the high-power DC-DC converter has a specification of 48V-72V to 12V, a power of 400W, and is used to provide normal working power for electric horns and all 12V electrical components in the vehicle.

[0018] Furthermore, the low-power DC-DC converter has a specification of 36-72V to 12V and a power of 15W, and is used to provide a 12V power supply for the electric horn (8) and the light-emitting diode (7) when a grounding fault occurs in the positive electrode line of the battery of the vehicle.

[0019] Furthermore, the specification model of the first diode is 1N4001, and the specification model of the second diode is 1N4002.

[0020] Furthermore, the light emitting diode is a 12V red light emitting diode.

[0021] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0022] 1. The battery positive line grounding safety alarm device of the present invention is designed. Under normal vehicle driving conditions, this safety alarm device will not have any impact on the working condition of the entire vehicle. When there is a problem with the battery positive line grounding, this safety alarm device will send an alarm signal to remind the driver to make repairs in time, and all electrical components can be used normally. Therefore, the driving safety of the vehicle can be improved, and it is suitable for further promotion and use by large and small vehicle manufacturers.

[0023] 2. The battery positive line grounding safety alarm device of the present invention has a simple and compact circuit layout design, the electrical components used are reasonably arranged and low in cost, and the overall structural design is ingenious, which can ensure vehicle safety and driving stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Attachment Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the working principle of the battery positive line grounding safety alarm device of the present invention under normal conditions.

[0025] Attachment Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the working principle of the battery positive line grounding safety alarm device of the present invention when the battery positive line is in the grounding state.

[0026] Reference numerals shown in the accompanying drawings:

[0027] 1. Battery; 2. Negative battery lead; 3. High-power DC-DC converter; 4. Relay KM contact switch; 5. Positive horn input line; 6. First diode; 7. Light-emitting diode; 8. Horn; 9. Air switch; 10. Fuse; 11. Vehicle body; 12. Main power switch; 13. High-voltage positive input line of the high-power DC-DC converter; 14. 12V low-voltage output line of the high-power DC-DC converter; 15. Relay KM coil; 16. Second diode; 17. High-voltage input line of the low-power DC-DC converter; 18. Low-power DC-DC converter; 19. 12V low-voltage output line of the low-power DC-DC converter; 20. Horn switch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the contents of the present invention, those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the present application.

[0029] This embodiment provides a battery positive line grounding safety alarm device for an electric vehicle, which is used to send an alarm signal when the battery positive line is grounded, but electrical components such as the electric horn can still operate normally. When the battery positive line grounding problem is solved, the alarm signal is also released, thus ensuring vehicle safety without affecting normal vehicle driving.

[0030] The technical solution of this embodiment is as follows.

[0031] A battery positive line grounding safety alarm device for an electric vehicle includes an air switch 9, a fuse 10, a light-emitting diode 7, a relay KM, a first diode 6, a second diode 16, a high-power DC-DC converter 3 that provides power to all 12V electrical components of the vehicle, a low-power DC-DC converter 18 that can independently provide power to an electric horn 8 and the light-emitting diode 7, and the electric horn 8.

[0032] In this embodiment, an air switch 9 and a fuse 10 are set in series in the safety alarm device to connect the battery negative wire 2 (which is also the negative wire of the whole vehicle), and the vehicle body 11 serves as a grounding wire. When a high voltage appears on the vehicle body 11 and a short circuit occurs with the battery negative wire 2, the air switch 9 is activated before the fuse 10. When the problem is solved, the air switch 9 is easily reset, and the fuse 10 can play a double insurance role. Furthermore, in order to ensure that the air switch 9 can be activated before the fuse 10, the tripping current of the air switch 9 is designed to be less than the designed melting current of the fuse 10. Specifically, in this embodiment, the tripping current of the air switch 9 is designed to be 10A, and the melting current of the fuse 10 is designed to be 15A.

[0033] In this embodiment, the high-power DC-DC converter high-voltage positive input line 13 of the high-power DC-DC converter 3 is connected to the positive line of the battery 1 through the main power switch 12, the high-power DC-DC converter 12V low-voltage output line 14 is connected to the relay KM coil 15 and the input end of the relay KM contact switch 4, and the high-power DC-DC converter negative line is connected to the battery negative wire 2.

[0034] The high-power DC-DC converter 3 has a specific design specification of 48V-72V to 12V, with a power of 400W, and is used to provide normal operating power for the electric horn 8 and all 12V electrical components in the vehicle.

[0035] Relay KM consists of two parts: a relay KM coil 15 and a relay KM contact switch 4. The input terminal of relay KM coil 15 is connected to the 12V low-voltage output line 14 of the high-power DC-DC converter, and the output terminal of relay KM coil 15 is connected to the positive terminal of a second diode 16. The input terminal of relay KM contact switch 4 is connected to the 12V low-voltage output line 14 of the high-power DC-DC converter, and the output terminal of relay KM contact switch 4 is connected to the positive terminal of electric horn 8 and the negative terminal of first diode 6. Relay KM contact switch 4 is a normally open switch. When no current flows through relay KM coil 15 and no magnetic field is generated, relay KM contact switch 4 is open. When current flows through relay KM coil 15 and a magnetic field is generated, relay KM contact switch 4 is closed.

[0036] In this embodiment, the positive terminal of the first diode 6 is connected to the 12V low-voltage output line 19 of the low-power DC-DC converter and the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode 7, and the negative terminal of the first diode 6 is connected to the output terminal of the relay KM contact switch 4 and the positive terminal of the electric horn 8. Specifically, the specification model of the first diode 6 is 1N4001.

[0037] In this embodiment, when the relay KM contact switch 4 is normally closed, the cathode end of the first diode 6 has a low voltage of 12V, while the anode end of the first diode 6 has a voltage of zero because the low-power DC-DC converter 18 is not working at this time, and the first diode 6 is in a cut-off state, ensuring that the light-emitting diode 7 does not generate an erroneous signal.

[0038] In this embodiment, the positive terminal of the second diode 16 is connected to the output terminal of the relay KM coil 15, and the negative terminal of the second diode 16 is connected to the input terminal of the electric horn switch 20 and the high-voltage input terminal 17 of the low-power DC-DC converter. Specifically, the specification model of the second diode 16 is 1N4002.

[0039] In this embodiment, when the relay KM coil 15 is working normally, the second diode 16 is in the on state. When the positive electrode of the battery 1 is grounded, the vehicle body 11 carries a voltage equivalent to the positive electrode of the battery 1. When the electric horn switch 20 is pressed, the voltage at the negative terminal of the second diode 16 is higher than the voltage at the positive terminal. The second diode 16 is in the off state. The high voltage at the positive electrode of the battery 1 will not cause damage to the relay KM coil 15 and other 12V electrical components.

[0040] In this embodiment, the low-power DC-DC converter's high-voltage input terminal 17 is connected to the cathode terminal of the second diode 16 and the input terminal of the electric horn switch 20. The low-power DC-DC converter's 12V low-voltage output line 19 is connected to the positive terminal of the first diode 6 and the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode 7. The low-power DC-DC converter's negative terminal is connected to the battery's negative lead 2. Specifically, the low-power DC-DC converter 18 has specifications of 36-72V to 12V, a power of 15W, and is inexpensive and highly practical.

[0041] In this embodiment, low-power DC-DC converter 18 is normally idle without a high-voltage input at its high-voltage input terminal, and thus does not generate a 12V voltage. When the positive electrode of battery 1 is grounded, air switch 9 trips. Pressing horn switch 20 turns off second diode 16, and a high voltage appears at low-power DC-DC converter high-voltage input terminal 17. Low-power DC-DC converter 12V low-voltage output line 19 generates a 12V voltage, turning on first diode 6, causing horn 8 to sound and light emitting diode 7 to illuminate.

[0042] The positive terminal of the light emitting diode 7 is connected to the 12V low voltage output line 19 of the low power DC-DC converter and the positive terminal of the first diode 6. The light emitting diode 7 is a 12V ordinary red light emitting diode, which is an alarm signal when it emits light.

[0043] The specific working principle of the battery positive line grounding safety alarm device of an electric vehicle in this embodiment is as follows.

[0044] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the working principle of the battery positive line grounding safety alarm device of this embodiment under normal conditions.

[0045] like Figure 1Under normal circumstances, when the main power switch 12 is closed, the high-voltage positive input line 13 of the high-power DC-DC converter is connected to the positive electrode of the battery 1, and a 12V voltage is generated on the 12V low-voltage output line 14 of the high-power DC-DC converter. At this time, when the electric horn switch 20 is pressed, the second diode 16 is forward-conducted, and the high-power DC-DC converter 12V low-voltage output line 14, the relay KM coil 15, the second diode 16, the electric horn switch 20, the vehicle body 11, the fuse 10, the air switch 9, and the battery negative lead 2 are connected. A circuit is formed, the relay KM coil 15 generates a magnetic field, the relay KM contact switch 4 is closed, the high-power DC-DC converter 12V low-voltage output line 14, the electric horn 8, and the battery negative electrode wire 2 form a circuit, and the electric horn 8 works. At this time, the voltage of the high-voltage input terminal 17 of the low-power DC-DC converter is 0V, which does not reach the working state voltage. The voltage on the low-power DC-DC converter 12V low-voltage output line 19 is zero, the first diode 6 is in the reverse cut-off state, no current flows, the light-emitting diode 7 is not lit, and no alarm signal is generated.

[0046] Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the working principle of the battery positive line grounding safety alarm device of this embodiment when the battery positive line is grounded;

[0047] like Figure 2 When the positive terminal of battery 1 is grounded, a loop is formed between the positive terminal of battery 1, vehicle body 11, fuse 10, circuit breaker 9, and the negative battery lead 2, effectively short-circuiting the vehicle. This generates a high current, causing circuit breaker 9 to trip (the safety current of circuit breaker 9 is designed to be less than that of fuse 10), disconnecting vehicle body 11 from the negative battery lead 2. At this point, when the horn switch 20 is pressed, the positive terminal of second diode 16 is at a low voltage of 12V, while the negative terminal is at a high voltage. Second diode 16 is cut off, and relay KM coil 15 has no current flowing through it, rendering it inoperative. Relay KM contact switch 4 is also open. The high-voltage input terminal 17 of the low-power DC-DC converter is connected to the positive terminal of battery 1 through vehicle body 11, generating a 12V voltage on the low-power DC-DC converter's 12V low-voltage output line 19. At this point, first diode 6 is conductive, forming a loop between the low-power DC-DC converter's 12V low-voltage output line 19, first diode 6, horn 8, and the negative battery lead 2, causing horn 8 to sound. In addition, the low-power DC-DC converter 12V low-voltage output line 19, the light-emitting diode 7, and the battery negative electrode wire 2 form a loop, and the light-emitting diode 7 starts to work and sends an alarm signal to remind passengers to repair the vehicle as soon as possible.

[0048] After solving the grounding problem of the positive electrode of battery 1, turn the air switch 9 to the closed state, and the whole system returns to normal. Figure 1 Status, the vehicle is working normally.

Claims

1. A battery positive line grounding safety alarm device for an electric vehicle, comprising an air switch (9), a high-power DC-DC converter (3) configured to provide power to all 12V electrical components of the vehicle, an electric horn (8), and a battery (1), wherein a high-voltage positive input line (13) of the high-power DC-DC converter is connected to the positive electrode of the battery (1) through a main power switch (12), and a negative line of the high-power DC-DC converter is connected to a negative lead wire (2) of the battery, characterized in that: It also includes a light emitting diode (7), a relay KM, a first diode (6), a second diode (16), an electric horn switch (20), and a low-power DC-DC converter (18) configured to provide power to the electric horn (8) and the light emitting diode (7); the relay KM includes a relay KM coil (15) and a relay KM contact switch (4); The specification of the high-power DC-DC converter (3) is 48V-72V to 12V, the 12V low-voltage output line (14) of the high-power DC-DC converter is connected to the input end of the relay KM coil (15) and the relay KM contact switch (4), the output end of the relay KM coil (15) is connected to the positive end of the second diode (16), and the output end of the relay KM contact switch (4) is connected to the positive end of the electric horn (8) and the negative end of the first diode (6); The positive terminal of the first diode (6) and the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode (7) are both connected to the 12V low-voltage output line (19) of the low-power DC-DC converter, and the negative terminal of the second diode (16) and the input terminal of the electric horn switch (20) are both connected to the high-voltage input terminal (17) of the low-power DC-DC converter; The specification of the low-power DC-DC converter (18) is 36-72V to 12V, and the negative electrode line of the low-power DC-DC converter (18), the negative end of the light-emitting diode (7), and the negative end of the electric horn (8) are all connected to the negative electrode wire (2) of the battery; One end of the air switch (9) is connected to the battery negative lead (2), and the other end of the air switch (9) and the negative end of the electric horn switch (20) are both connected to the vehicle body (11) serving as a grounding wire.

2. The battery positive line grounding safety alarm device for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also includes a fuse (10), which is connected in series with the air switch (9). The tripping current of the air switch (9) is designed to be smaller than the melting current of the fuse (10). When the high voltage electricity of the vehicle body (11) is short-circuited with the negative electrode of the battery (1), the air switch (9) is actuated before the fuse (10).

3. The battery positive line grounding safety alarm device for an electric vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air switch (9) is designed to have a tripping current of 10A, and the fuse (10) is designed to have a fusing current of 15A.

4. The battery positive line grounding safety alarm device for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relay KM contact switch (4) is a normally open switch; when no current flows through the relay KM coil (15) and no magnetic field is generated, the relay KM contact switch (4) is in an open state; when current flows through the relay KM coil (15) and a magnetic field is generated, the relay KM contact switch (4) is closed.

5. The battery positive line grounding safety alarm device for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-power DC-DC converter (3) has a power of 400W and is used to provide normal operating power for the electric horn (8) and all 12V electrical components of the vehicle.

6. The battery positive line grounding safety alarm device for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-power DC-DC converter (18) has a power of 15W and is used to provide a 12V power supply to the electric horn (8) and the light-emitting diode (7) when a ground fault occurs on the positive electrode line of the battery of the vehicle.

7. The battery positive line grounding safety alarm device for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specification of the first diode (6) is 1N4001, and the specification of the second diode (16) is 1N4002.

8. The battery positive line grounding safety alarm device for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light emitting diode (7) is a 12V red light emitting diode.

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