Slip-type large deformation anchor rod

Abstract

The application provides a sliding large deformation anchor rod, which comprises an anchor rod body and a sliding assembly. Two ends of the anchor rod body are a free end and an anchoring end which extends into an anchor hole respectively. The sliding assembly comprises a sleeve which is sleeved outside the free end. The outer wall of the sleeve is connected and fixed with surrounding rock. The sliding assembly further comprises a sliding mechanism and a limiting mechanism which are matched with each other and are arranged in the sleeve. The sliding mechanism is installed outside the free end and can move along the sleeve while the anchor rod body moves. The limiting mechanism is installed on the inner wall of the sleeve. The anchor rod body moves axially along the sleeve under stress and drives the sliding mechanism to move. The sliding mechanism is limited and matched with the limiting mechanism through shape change. The active mechanism can well adjust the displacement of the anchor rod body, and the maximum displacement is controllable. The application has simple structure and is convenient to use. The safety and stability of underground projects of rock and soil can be ensured, a larger supporting force can be provided, and the large deformation displacement demand can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering anchor technology, specifically relating to a sliding large deformation anchor. Background Technology

[0002] Rock bolts are widely used in geotechnical engineering due to their simple structure, convenient construction, low cost, and strong adaptability to various projects, including subways, highways, hydropower projects, and mining projects. Rock bolts not only provide additional support to prevent rock mass collapse or sliding and ensure the stability of the soil and rock mass, but also reinforce the surrounding rock and improve its strength. Furthermore, rock bolts can anchor rockfall prevention systems to prevent rocks from falling onto roads, buildings, or other structures. Therefore, rock bolts have become an indispensable key technology in geotechnical underground engineering.

[0003] Since most mineral resources are buried at great depths, the extraction and utilization of these resources face challenges such as high temperatures, high ground stress, and high seepage pressure. Therefore, deep engineering projects often encounter the problem of large deformations in the surrounding rock. Traditional anchor bolts have low elongation rates and are limited in addressing the deformation and stability issues of the surrounding rock, failing to meet the requirements for large deformations in deep surrounding rock.

[0004] For example, Chinese patent CN218324912U discloses a multi-mechanism energy-absorbing anti-impact anchor bolt. This device includes components such as an energy-absorbing sleeve, an energy-absorbing device, a fixing device, and an end connection device. The energy-absorbing sleeve includes a threaded section, an energy-absorbing section, and a thick-walled section; the energy-absorbing device includes a compressed air energy-absorbing device, a compressed spring energy-absorbing device, and a compression expansion energy-absorbing device; the fixing device includes a fixing washer, a connecting rod fixing bayonet, a connecting rod, and a pin; the end connection device includes an end fixing nut, a rubber pad, a sealing washer, a large tray, a nut, a small tray, and an air inlet. While this prior art can convert some of the anchor bolt's kinetic energy into the elastic potential energy of the spring and the internal energy of the compressed air, achieving dual energy absorption, and the compression expansion energy-absorbing device expands radially within the energy-absorbing sleeve under pressure, achieving multi-stage resistance through friction between the connecting rod and the inner wall of the sleeve, thus partially improving the working conditions of the surrounding rock in the roadway, it can only play a role in preventing impact during use and cannot achieve large displacement of the anchor bolt. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a sliding large deformation anchor bolt that is simple in structure, easy to use, can ensure the safety and stability of underground engineering in rock and soil, provides greater support force, and meets the requirements of large deformation displacement.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A sliding type large deformation anchor bolt includes an anchor bolt body and a sliding assembly. The two ends of the anchor bolt body are a free end and an anchoring end extending into the anchor hole, respectively. The sliding assembly includes a sleeve sleeved outside the free end, the outer wall of which is fixedly connected to the surrounding rock. The sliding assembly also includes a sliding mechanism and a limiting mechanism that cooperate with each other and are disposed inside the sleeve. The sliding mechanism is installed on the outside of the free end and can move along the inside of the sleeve as the anchor bolt body moves. The limiting mechanism is installed on the inner wall of the sleeve. When the anchor bolt body is subjected to force, it moves axially along the inside of the sleeve, which drives the sliding mechanism to move. The sliding mechanism is limited and cooperates with the limiting mechanism through shape change.

[0008] Furthermore, one end of the sleeve near the anchoring end extends into the anchor hole, and the outer wall of the sleeve is provided with a first fixing mechanism for fixed connection with the surrounding rock surface.

[0009] Furthermore, the outer wall of the sleeve is threaded, and the first fixing mechanism includes a first nut and a first steel plate tray. The first nut is threaded into the outer wall of the sleeve, and the first steel plate tray is disposed between the first nut and the surrounding rock surface.

[0010] Furthermore, the sliding mechanism includes a second fixing mechanism, a hinge group, and a linkage control component for controlling the rotation of the hinge group. The second fixing mechanism is sleeved and fixed on the outside of the free end. At least two hinge groups are provided, and the two hinge groups are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the anchor rod body and rotatably connected to the side of the second fixing mechanism away from the free end. When the two hinge groups are not rotated, they are in a figure-eight shape. The linkage control component connects the two hinge groups and controls the hinge groups to rotate closer to achieve deformation. The limiting mechanism includes a first limiting ring disposed on the inner wall of the sleeve. The outer circumferential dimension of the second fixing mechanism is smaller than the inner circumferential dimension of the first limiting ring.

[0011] Furthermore, each set of hinges includes an outer layer plate, a bottom layer plate, and an inner layer plate that are hinged sequentially with the same width. The length of the outer layer plate is greater than the length of the inner layer plate. The bottom layer plate and the inner layer plate are folded sequentially toward the direction of the second fixing mechanism. The free edges of the outer layer plate and the free edges of the inner layer plate are both hinged to the side of the second fixing mechanism away from the free end. The linkage control component connects the two sets of inner layer plates. When no force is applied, the hinge joint between the outer layer plate and the bottom layer plate abuts against the surface of the first limiting ring.

[0012] Furthermore, the linkage control component includes two sets of airbags and an air pressure regulating mechanism for controlling the air pressure inside the airbags. The two sets of airbags are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the anchor rod body with the line connecting the two sets of hinge groups as the axis of symmetry, and their inner cavities are connected. Both sides of the two sets of airbags are connected to the opposite surfaces of the two sets of inner layer plates. The air pressure regulating mechanism controls the air pressure change of the airbags to drive the inner layer plates to rotate and adjust the deformation of the hinge groups.

[0013] Furthermore, the airbag has a trapezoidal structure, and several binding ropes for connecting and fixing to the inner layer plate are provided on both sides of the airbag.

[0014] Furthermore, the air pressure regulating mechanism includes a vacuum pump, an air guide tube, a sealed valve, and a one-way pressure reducing valve. The vacuum pump is connected to one of the air bladders outside the sleeve through the air guide tube. The sealed valve is located on the body of the air guide tube, and the one-way pressure reducing valve is located on the surface of one of the air bladders. When the air pressure inside the air bladder is greater than a critical value, the one-way pressure reducing valve automatically opens to allow external gas to enter the air bladder for inflation.

[0015] Furthermore, the one-way pressure reducing valve includes a gas channel and a gravity ball. One end of the gas channel is connected to the air bladder, and the other end is connected to the outside. An upwardly recessed relief groove is provided between the two ports of the gas channel. When the pressure is less than a critical value, the gravity ball blocks the port connected to the outside. When the pressure is greater than the critical value, the gravity ball is moved by force to the relief groove, and external gas can pass through the gas channel.

[0016] Furthermore, the second fixing mechanism includes a second nut and a second steel plate tray. The outer wall of the anchor rod is threaded. The second nut is threadedly connected to the anchor rod. The second steel plate tray is sleeved between the second nut and the hinge assembly. The hinge assembly is rotatably connected to the second steel plate tray. Several first limiting rings are axially spaced along the inner wall of the sleeve. The limiting mechanism also includes a second limiting ring disposed on the inner wall of the sleeve near the anchoring end. The outer diameter of the second steel plate tray is smaller than the inner diameter of the first limiting ring but larger than the inner diameter of the second limiting ring.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] This invention has a simple structure and is easy to use. It can ensure the safety and stability of underground engineering in rock and soil, provide greater support force, and meet the requirements of large deformation and displacement. The sleeve design allows the anchor rod to slide and extend along the sleeve, meeting the large deformation displacement requirements of the anchor rod. Two types of limiting rings are designed to keep the maximum displacement of the anchor rod within a controllable range. Since the large displacement of the anchor rod is mainly caused by the force applied to the anchor rod sliding along the first limiting ring, there is a longer response time before the anchor rod reaches its maximum displacement, which can resist instantaneous explosive loads to a certain extent and extend the service life of the anchor rod. The sliding design allows the anchor rod to better anchor into the soil and rock. A vacuum pump actively discharges air from the airbag, causing the airbag to compress and deform, which in turn drives the hinge assembly to rotate, releasing the hinge assembly from the limiting ring and thus achieving the large displacement of the anchor rod. A one-way pressure reducing valve allows the airbag to automatically re-inflate when the pressure inside exceeds a preset value, restoring the pressure and causing the hinge assembly to rotate in the opposite direction, thus abutting against an adjacent first limiting ring. This active mechanism allows for excellent adjustment of the anchor rod's displacement, making it more flexible for different engineering projects. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a top view of the first fixing mechanism of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the sleeve structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view showing the location of the hinge assembly of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view showing the location of the airbag in this invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the hinge assembly structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the airbag structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the connection between the two airbags of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a top view of the second fixing mechanism of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the airbag and the hinge assembly of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the one-way pressure reducing valve of the present invention in the closed state.

[0030] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the one-way pressure reducing valve of the present invention in the open state.

[0031] Figure 13 The above is a performance curve of the vacuum pump provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Among them, 1-anchor rod body, 101-free end, 102-anchoring end, 2-second nut, 3-second steel plate tray, 4-sleeve, 5-hinge assembly, 501-outer plate, 502-bottom plate, 503-inner plate, 6-first limiting ring, 7-second limiting ring, 8-airbag, 801-binding rope, 9-first nut, 10-first steel plate tray, 11-air guide pipe, 12-sealed valve, 13-one-way pressure reducing valve, 131-gas channel, 132-gravity ball, 133-avoiding groove, 134-arc groove, 14-surrounding rock, 15-vacuum pump. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0035] The large deformation mentioned in this invention refers to the fact that after the anchor rod deforms, the deformation cannot be recovered, and the force will change with the deformation of the object. The large deformation anchor rod refers to the anchor rod that deforms under force, and the displacement of the anchor rod device consists of two parts: the displacement caused by the tensile deformation of the rod body and the displacement caused by the slippage of the anchor rod body.

[0036] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but these are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0037] Figure 1The sliding-type large deformation anchor bolt shown includes an anchor bolt body 1 and a sliding assembly. The anchor bolt body 1 has a free end 101 and an anchoring end 102 extending into the anchor hole, respectively. The sliding assembly includes a sleeve 4 fitted over the free end 101, with its outer wall fixed to the surrounding rock 14. The sliding assembly also includes a sliding mechanism and a limiting mechanism that cooperate with each other within the sleeve 4. The sliding mechanism is installed outside the free end 101 and can move along the inside of the sleeve 4 as the anchor bolt body 1 moves. The limiting mechanism is installed on the inner wall of the sleeve 4. When the anchor bolt body 1 is subjected to force and moves axially within the sleeve 4, it drives the sliding mechanism to move. The sliding mechanism engages with the limiting mechanism through shape changes. During the anchoring process, the anchor bolt body transmits the received anchoring force to the sliding mechanism, which then transmits the received anchoring force to the sleeve through the limiting mechanism. The sleeve transmits the anchoring force to the surrounding rock through a first fixing mechanism on its outer wall.

[0038] Preferably, one end of the sleeve 4 near the anchoring end 102 extends into the anchor hole, and a first fixing mechanism for fixed connection with the surface of the surrounding rock 14 is provided on the outer wall of the sleeve 4. The first fixing mechanism enables the sleeve to remain stationary when the anchor rod is under force, while the anchor rod drives the sliding mechanism to slide along the inner wall of the sleeve, satisfying the displacement requirements of large deformation. The length of the sleeve is determined according to the maximum allowable sliding distance of the anchor rod design.

[0039] Preferably, the outer wall of sleeve 4 is threaded, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the first fixing mechanism includes a first nut 9 and a first steel plate tray 10. The first nut 9 is threaded into the outer wall of the sleeve 4, and the first steel plate tray 10 is disposed between the first nut 9 and the surface of the surrounding rock 14. When the anchor rod is subjected to force, the sleeve can be fixed to the surrounding rock through the cooperation of the sliding mechanism and the limiting mechanism. The first nut presses the first steel plate tray onto the surface of the surrounding rock to ensure that the position of the sleeve remains unchanged. The anchoring force can be transmitted to the surrounding rock through the first steel plate tray.

[0040] Preferably, the sliding mechanism includes a second fixing mechanism, hinge group 5, and a linkage control component for controlling the rotation of hinge group 5. The second fixing mechanism is sleeved and fixed to the outside of the free end 101. At least two hinge groups 5 are provided, and their positions are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, two sets of hinge groups 5 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the anchor rod body 1 and rotatably connected to the side of the second fixing mechanism away from the free end 101. When the two sets of hinge groups 5 are not rotated, the whole structure is in a figure-eight shape. The linkage control component connects the two sets of hinge groups 5 and controls the hinge groups 5 to rotate closer to achieve deformation, such as... Figure 3As shown, the limiting mechanism includes a first limiting ring 6 disposed on the inner wall of the sleeve 4, and the outer circumference of the second fixing mechanism is smaller than the inner circumference of the first limiting ring 6. The second fixing mechanism connects the sliding mechanism to the free end of the anchor rod body, so that the anchor rod body can slide along the sleeve through the deformation of the sliding mechanism, meeting the large deformation displacement requirements of the anchor rod. The linkage control component is used to control the rotation of the two sets of hinge groups to achieve the bottom moving closer or further away, thereby enabling the anchor rod body to slide or be limited. The displacement of the anchor rod body is controllable, making it flexible and convenient to use.

[0041] As a preferred option, see Figure 6 Each hinge group 5 includes an outer layer plate 501, a bottom layer plate 502, and an inner layer plate 503, all hinged sequentially to the same width. The length of the outer layer plate 501 is greater than the length of the inner layer plate 503. The bottom layer plate 502 and the inner layer plate 503 are folded sequentially towards the second fixing mechanism. The free edges of both the outer layer plate 501 and the inner layer plate 503 are hinged to the side of the second fixing mechanism away from the free end 101. A linkage control component connects the two sets of inner layer plates 503. When not under force, the hinge joint between the outer layer plate 501 and the bottom layer plate 502 abuts against the surface of the first limiting ring 6. The hinge group is preferably made of a material with high compressive strength. The outer layer plate is longer than the inner layer plate, so that after the inner layer plate and the bottom layer plate are folded, Figure 6 As shown, the cross-section of a single hinge group is inclined U-shaped. The inner plate rotates through the air pressure change of the trapezoidal airbag, which in turn drives the bottom plate to pull the outer plate to rotate, thus realizing the deformation control of the sliding mechanism.

[0042] Preferably, the linkage control component includes two sets of airbags 8 and an air pressure regulating mechanism for controlling the air pressure inside the airbags 8. The two sets of airbags 8 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the anchor rod body 1 with the line connecting the two sets of hinge groups 5 as the axis of symmetry, and their inner cavities are connected. Their positions are as follows: Figure 5 As shown, both sides of the two sets of airbags 8 are connected to the opposite surfaces of the two sets of inner layer plates 503, see [reference]. Figure 10The air pressure of the airbag 8 is controlled by an air pressure regulating mechanism to rotate the inner plate 503 and adjust the deformation of the hinge assembly 5. The airbag can be made of high-strength materials such as rubber or polyester fiber, which can withstand strong pressure and tensile forces. By evacuating or inflating the airbag through the air pressure regulating mechanism, the anchor rod is subjected to a large anchoring force along its length. However, the airbag causes the hinge system to move in a direction perpendicular to the length of the anchor rod. Therefore, only a small force is needed for the airbag to rotate the hinge assembly and achieve the sliding of the anchor rod. This design of the hinge assembly can greatly reduce the force required for the hinge to rotate due to the airbag contraction. Therefore, this method of actively removing air makes the control of large displacements of the anchor rod more reliable. When a vacuum is drawn, the air pressure inside the airbag increases, causing the airbag to deform and rotate the inner plate. The inner plate then rotates the bottom plate, which in turn rotates the outer plate. At this time, the deformation of the hinge assembly causes it to disengage from the first limiting ring at its current position. After the anchor rod body drives the sliding mechanism to achieve displacement, the air pressure regulating mechanism introduces air into the airbag. The airbag inflates and causes the hinge assembly to rotate in the opposite direction, so that it abuts against the first limiting ring at its current position after displacement to achieve limitation.

[0043] Preferably, the airbag 8 has a trapezoidal structure, and several straps 801 are provided on both sides of the airbag 8 for connecting and fixing to the inner layer plate 503, such as... Figure 7 As shown. The airbag is connected to the inner layer plate by a rope. The inner layer plate can be perforated to better connect the rope. The trapezoidal structure of the airbag can better fit the surfaces of the two sets of inner layer plates, ensuring that the airbag and hinge assembly are subjected to uniform force. A more reliable connection can be achieved by applying sealant between the airbag and the inner layer plate to fill the gap.

[0044] As a preferred option, such as Figure 1 and Figure 8 As shown, the air pressure regulating mechanism includes a vacuum pump 15, an air guide pipe 11, a sealed valve 12, and a one-way pressure reducing valve 13. The vacuum pump 15 is connected to one of the airbags 8 outside the sleeve 4 via the air guide pipe 11. The sealed valve 12 is located on the body of the air guide pipe 11, and the one-way pressure reducing valve 13 is located on the surface of one of the airbags 8. When the air pressure inside the airbag 8 exceeds a critical value, the one-way pressure reducing valve 13 automatically opens to allow external gas to enter the airbag 8 for inflation. The air guide pipe passes through the second steel plate tray and connects to the airbag. The sealed valve controls the flow of gas in the air guide pipe, and the one-way pressure reducing valve automatically introduces gas after the anchor rod body is displaced, controlling the amount of anchor rod body displacement.

[0045] Preferably, the one-way pressure reducing valve 13 includes a gas passage 131 and a gravity ball 132. One end of the gas passage 131 is connected to the air bladder 8, and the other end is connected to the outside. An upwardly recessed relief groove 133 is provided between the two ports of the gas passage 131. When the pressure is less than a critical value, the gravity ball 132 blocks the port connected to the outside. Its position is as follows: Figure 11As shown; when the pressure exceeds the critical value, the gravity ball 132 moves under force to the clearance groove 133, and its position is as follows. Figure 12 As shown, external gas can enter the airbag through the gas channel 131. During the process of external gas entering the airbag, the negative pressure attraction of the gravity ball 132 gradually decreases. It slowly falls to the port that blocks the air inlet due to gravity, thus slowly closing the gas channel 131. Ideally, the gas channel has arc-shaped grooves near the external connection port and within the clearance groove to ensure the gravity ball remains in its position. Preferably, the diameter of the gas channel is larger than the diameter of the gas guide pipe, allowing the airbag to quickly recover its deformation the instant the one-way pressure reducing valve opens. The hinge assembly also recovers its deformation, ensuring the anchor rod can exert its anchoring force. During vacuum pumping, the gas pressure inside the airbag gradually increases. When the airbag contracts, causing the hinge assembly to rotate within the inner diameter range of the first limiting ring, and the anchor rod begins to slip, the force on the hinge assembly suddenly decreases. However, the airbag is still under the action of the vacuum pump, leading to a sharp increase in pressure inside the airbag. This causes the one-way pressure reducing valve on the airbag to open, allowing the airbag to quickly inflate and recover its compressed deformation state. Simultaneously, the hinge assembly also recovers its deformation, thus being fixed by the adjacent first limiting ring, ensuring the stability of the anchor system.

[0046] As a preferred option, such as Figure 9 As shown, the second fixing mechanism includes a second nut 2 and a second steel plate tray 3. The outer wall of the anchor rod body 1 is threaded, and the second nut 2 is threadedly connected to the anchor rod body 1. The second steel plate tray 3 is sleeved between the second nut 2 and the hinge assembly 5, and the hinge assembly 5 is rotatably connected to the second steel plate tray 3. Several first limiting rings 6 are axially spaced along the inner wall of the sleeve 4, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the limiting mechanism also includes a second limiting ring 7 disposed on the inner wall of the end of the sleeve 4 near the anchoring end 102. The outer diameter of the second steel plate tray 3 is smaller than the inner diameter of the first limiting ring 6 but larger than the inner diameter of the second limiting ring 7. The second limiting ring is provided to limit the maximum displacement position of the anchor rod.

[0047] In this invention, the hinge assembly slides towards the side wall of the sleeve when initially subjected to force, and slides along the radial direction of the sleeve's inner center during vacuum pumping. As the hinge assembly slides from the sleeve's side wall towards the sleeve's center, the pressure inside the airbag and its variation can be obtained from the vacuum pump's performance curve. Therefore, the vacuum pump used in this invention needs to be calibrated through specific experiments to obtain its performance curve during airbag evacuation and to determine the range of pressure changes within the airbag at the moment of hinge assembly sliding, in order to determine the critical pressure value of the one-way pressure reducing valve, such as... Figure 13 The performance curve of the vacuum pump used in this embodiment is given. In the figure, the inlet pressure refers to the inlet pressure of the vacuum pump.

[0048] In implementation of this invention, according to design requirements, anchor holes of a certain depth are first drilled in the surrounding rock 14, and then the anchor rod body 1 is placed into the anchor hole in the surrounding rock 14. Cement mortar is used to grout the anchor hole. When grouting is completed, a sleeve 4 is placed in the anchor hole. Since the sleeve 4 is located at the free end 101 of the anchor rod body 1, grouting is not required for the sleeve 4; grouting is only performed at the anchoring end 102. The specifications for the free end 101 and the anchoring end 102 referred to in this invention are consistent with those for ordinary anchor rods. The sleeve 4 is integrally formed in the factory, and the first limiting ring 6 and the second limiting ring 7 are machined in its inner wall. After the sleeve 4 is placed in the anchor hole, the second steel plate tray 3, the hinge assembly 5, and the airbag 8 are installed. The hinge assembly 5 is hinged to the surface of the second steel plate tray 3 by welding, and the airbag 8 is connected and fixed to the hinge assembly 5 by a binding rope 801. The installed second steel plate tray 3, hinge assembly 5, and airbag 8 are then inserted into the sleeve through the anchor rod body 1. In step 4, when the airbag 8 is connected to the hinge assembly 5, the air duct 11 should be passed through the second steel plate tray 3; the second nut 2 should be connected to the anchor rod body 1. During connection, ensure that the second nut 2 can firmly press the second steel plate tray 3, and that the hinge assembly 5 connected to the second steel plate tray 3 can be firmly pressed on the first limiting ring 6; the first nut 9 and the first steel plate tray 10 should be connected to the sleeve 4, ensuring that the first nut 9 can firmly press the first steel plate tray 10 onto the surrounding rock 14, so that the anchor system can play its role in reinforcing the rock and soil.

[0049] This invention has a simple structure and is easy to use. It can ensure the safety and stability of underground engineering in rock and soil, provide greater support force, and meet the requirements of large deformation and displacement. The sleeve design allows the anchor rod to slide and extend along the sleeve, meeting the large deformation displacement requirements of the anchor rod. Two types of limiting rings are designed to keep the maximum displacement of the anchor rod within a controllable range. Since the large displacement of the anchor rod is mainly caused by the force applied to the anchor rod sliding along the first limiting ring, there is a longer response time before the anchor rod reaches its maximum displacement, which can resist instantaneous explosive loads to a certain extent and extend the service life of the anchor rod. The sliding design allows the anchor rod to better anchor into the soil and rock. A vacuum pump actively discharges air from the airbag, causing the airbag to compress and deform, which in turn drives the hinge assembly to rotate, releasing the hinge assembly from the limiting ring and achieving the large displacement of the anchor rod. A one-way pressure reducing valve allows the airbag to automatically re-inflate when the pressure inside the airbag exceeds a preset value, restoring the pressure and causing the hinge assembly to rotate in the opposite direction, thus engaging with the next adjacent first limiting ring. This active mechanism allows for excellent adjustment of the anchor rod's displacement, making it more flexible for different engineering projects.

[0050] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the implementation methods and protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should recognize that any equivalent substitutions and obvious changes made based on the content of this specification should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A slip-type large deformation anchor rod, characterized by: The anchor rod body (1) has a free end (101) and an anchoring end (102) extending into an anchor hole, and a sleeve (4) is arranged outside the free end (101). The outer wall of the sleeve (4) is connected and fixed with surrounding rock (14). A sliding mechanism and a limiting mechanism are arranged in the sleeve (4) and cooperate with each other. The sliding mechanism is installed outside the free end (101) and can move along the sleeve (4) when the anchor rod body (1) moves. The limiting mechanism is installed on the inner wall of the sleeve (4). The anchor rod body (1) moves axially along the sleeve (4) to drive the sliding mechanism to move. The sliding mechanism changes shape and is limited by the limiting mechanism. The sliding mechanism includes a second fixing mechanism, a hinge group (5), and a linkage control member for controlling the rotation of the hinge group (5). The second fixing mechanism is fixed outside the free end (101). The hinge group (5) is arranged symmetrically on both sides of the anchor rod body (1) and is rotationally connected with the second fixing mechanism away from the free end (101). When the hinge group (5) is not rotated, it is in an eight-shaped form. The linkage control member connects the two hinge groups (5) and controls the rotation of the hinge group (5) to deform. The limiting mechanism includes a first limiting ring (6) arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve (4). The outer diameter of the second fixing mechanism is smaller than the inner diameter of the first limiting ring (6). Each hinge group (5) includes an outer layer plate (501), a bottom layer plate (502), and an inner layer plate (503) that are sequentially hinged. The length of the outer layer plate (501) is greater than the length of the inner layer plate (503). The bottom layer plate (502) and the inner layer plate (503) are sequentially folded towards the second fixing mechanism. The free edge of the outer layer plate (501) and the free edge of the inner layer plate (503) are hinged with the second fixing mechanism away from the free end (101). The linkage control member connects the two inner layer plates (503). When there is no force, the hinge joint between the outer layer plate (501) and the bottom layer plate (502) abuts against the surface of the first limiting ring (6). The linkage control member includes two groups of air bags (8) and a gas pressure adjusting mechanism for controlling the gas pressure in the air bags (8). The two groups of air bags (8) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the anchor rod body (1) with the connecting line of the two hinge groups (5) as the symmetry axis, and the inner cavities of the two groups of air bags (8) are connected. The two sides of the two groups of air bags (8) are connected with the opposite surfaces of the two groups of inner layer plates (503). The gas pressure adjusting mechanism controls the change of the gas pressure in the air bags (8) to drive the rotation of the inner layer plates (503) and adjust the deformation of the hinge group (5). The air pressure adjusting mechanism comprises a vacuum pump (15), an air guide pipe (11), a sealing valve (12) and a one-way pressure reducing valve (13), the vacuum pump (15) is connected to one group of air bags (8) through the air guide pipe (11) outside the sleeve (4), the sealing valve (12) is arranged on the pipe body of the air guide pipe (11), and the one-way pressure reducing valve (13) is arranged on the surface of one group of air bags (8); when the air pressure in the air bag (8) is greater than a critical value, the one-way pressure reducing valve (13) is automatically opened to enable external air to enter the air bag (8) to realize inflation. The one-way pressure reducing valve (13) comprises a gas passage (131) and a gravity ball (132), one end of the gas passage (131) is connected to the air bag (8), the other end of the gas passage (131) is connected to the outside, and an upwardly recessed avoiding groove (133) is arranged between the two ports of the gas passage (131); when the pressure is less than the critical value, the gravity ball (132) blocks the port connected to the outside; when the pressure is greater than the critical value, the gravity ball (132) is forced to move to the avoiding groove (133), and external air can pass through the gas passage (131).

2. A slip, large deformation anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sleeve (4) extends into the anchor hole at one end close to the anchoring end (102), and a first fixing mechanism for fixed connection with the surface of the surrounding rock (14) is arranged on the outer wall of the sleeve (4) at the surface of the surrounding rock (14).

3. A slip, large deformation anchor according to claim 2, wherein: The outer wall of the sleeve (4) is threaded, the first fixing mechanism comprises a first nut (9) and a first steel plate tray (10), the first nut (9) is threadedly connected with the outer wall of the sleeve (4), and the first steel plate tray (10) is arranged between the first nut (9) and the surface of the surrounding rock (14).

4. The slip, large deformation anchor of claim 1, wherein: The air bag (8) has a trapezoidal structure, and a plurality of binding ropes (801) for fixed connection with the inner layer plate (503) are arranged on the surfaces of the two sides of the air bag (8).

5. The slip, large deformation anchor of claim 1, wherein: The second fixing mechanism comprises a second nut (2) and a second steel plate tray (3), the outer wall of the anchor rod body (1) is provided with threads, the second nut (2) is threadedly connected with the anchor rod body (1), the second steel plate tray (3) is sleeved between the second nut (2) and the hinge group (5), the hinge group (5) is rotationally connected with the second steel plate tray (3), a plurality of first limiting rings (6) are arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve (4) in an axial direction, the second limiting ring (7) is arranged on the inner wall of one end of the sleeve (4) close to the anchoring end (102), the outer diameter of the second steel plate tray (3) is smaller than the inner diameter of the first limiting ring (6) and larger than the inner diameter of the second limiting ring (7).

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