A device and method for laser shock forming of complex curved panels

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of complex curved surface wall plate laser impact forming device and method, including laser, optical path adjusting system and fixture platform, optical path adjusting system is opposite curved surface workpiece, curved surface workpiece is installed on workpiece movement system, workpiece movement system is fixed on workpiece horizontal adjustment system, workpiece horizontal adjustment system is fixed on fixture platform, curved surface workpiece is located in the side of optical path adjusting system and is provided with constraint layer injection system, and the other side is provided with curvature dynamic monitoring system, workpiece movement system realizes the adjustment to the rotation of the curved surface workpiece itself and the position of up and down according to the data fed back by the curvature dynamic monitoring system, and workpiece horizontal adjustment system realizes the horizontal movement of the whole curved surface workpiece.The present application can realize the quick clamping of complex curved surface curved surface workpiece, real-time adjustment sheet material angle, make laser beam perpendicular sheet material surface incidence, real-time monitoring impact point curvature, adjust laser parameter, realize quantitative accurate forming.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a kind of complex curved surface wallboard laser impact forming online monitoring system, suitable for the complex curved surface that conventional method is difficult to form or cannot form. BACKGROUND

[0002] The laser shot forming surface of complex curved surface curved workpiece laser shot forming faces the problem that it is difficult to clamp, and in the process of point-by-point shot forming, laser beam cannot be perpendicular to the surface of plate material;

[0003] The conventional detection method of curved workpiece cannot realize real-time monitoring, in order to realize real-time controllable deformation, improve the forming machining quality of plate material, improve forming precision, add dynamic monitoring device to the deformation of processing plate material in the process of laser shot plate material forming Real-time dynamic monitoring is convenient for realizing real-time adjustment and control of forming process.

[0004] The existing patents involve the content of laser peening forming equipment and method for curved workpieces. The application with the application number 202010312937.8 relates to a device and method for laser impact processing of curved parts. The device includes a laser emission system, a computer control system, a signal light emission and reception system, a light beam adjustment system, and a numerical control mechanical arm. The photoelectric sensor can emit and receive signal light, and the dichroic mirror can transmit signal light and reflect laser. The laser emitted by the laser emission system is reflected to the workpiece through the dichroic mirror and the light beam adjustment system in turn. The computer control system controls the adjustment of the light beam adjustment system and the numerical control mechanical arm according to the signal transmitted by the photoelectric sensor. Although the device makes the laser emitted by the laser emission system vertically incident to the surface of the workpiece, the adjustment of the workpiece relies on the movement of the mechanical arm, and the surface state of the workpiece greatly affects the reception of the reflected light by the photoelectric sensor, which is easy to cause a large error. The application with the application number 201910298508.7 relates to a dynamic monitoring device for laser peening forming of curved workpieces. The device includes a hard plate, an array film, a data acquisition and charging chuck, a data acquisition conversion and feedback system, a charging device, an integrated control and monitoring system, a clamping and adjusting device, and a method. The front surface of the hard plate and the back surface of the curved workpiece are provided with an array film, and the array film is connected with a data acquisition and charging chuck. The data acquisition and charging chuck is connected with the data acquisition conversion and feedback system and the charging device respectively, and the data acquisition conversion and feedback system and the charging device are simultaneously connected with the integrated control and monitoring system. The application realizes real-time dynamic monitoring of the morphological changes of the curved workpiece, but the monitoring method requires a complex device structure, and the array film needs to be installed on the surface of the curved workpiece before peening. The application with the application number 201610624891.7 relates to a dynamic self-adaptive control device for laser peening forming precision of robot clamped metal plates. The device is composed of a laser, a light guide and external light path adjustment system, a workpiece movement system, a constraint layer spraying system, an impact laser head, a dynamic optical monitoring system, and an integrated control system. The dynamic optical monitoring system is composed of two strong light searchlights and two high-speed camera systems. According to the monitoring and feedback of the dynamic optical monitoring system, the size of the impact pressure is adjusted by changing the laser parameters such as pulse width, energy, beam diameter, and repetition frequency. By controlling the impact position and the size of the impact force at each point, the precise forming of the plate can be realized. The application realizes dynamic monitoring and precision dynamic self-adaptive control of plate peening forming, but the back surface of the curved workpiece needs to be coated with a developing agent before peening, which may cause the developing agent to fall off during the laser peening forming process, affecting the monitoring effect of the camera. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a laser impact forming device and method for complex curved wall panels, to solve the problems of difficult clamping of complex curved workpieces, non-perpendicularity of the laser beam and the surface of the curved workpiece during the peening forming process, and complex monitoring process in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: a complex curved surface wall plate laser impact forming device, comprising a laser, an optical path adjusting system and a clamp platform, the optical path adjusting system is opposite to a curved surface workpiece, the curved surface workpiece is installed on a workpiece movement system, the workpiece movement system is fixed on a workpiece horizontal adjusting system, the workpiece horizontal adjusting system is fixed on the clamp platform, a constraint layer spraying system is arranged on the side of the curved surface workpiece opposite to the optical path adjusting system, and a curvature dynamic monitoring system is arranged on the other side, the workpiece movement system adjusts the rotation and the up-down position of the curved surface workpiece according to the data fed back by the curvature dynamic monitoring system, and the workpiece horizontal adjusting system realizes the horizontal movement of the whole curved surface workpiece.

[0007] In the above scheme, the workpiece movement system comprises a plurality of electromagnetic coils and ball screws, the top end of the ball screw is attached to the middle position of the curved surface workpiece, the curved surface workpiece is of magnetic material or non-magnetic material, and when the curved surface workpiece is of non-magnetic material, a magnetic patch is attached to the non-impact surface of the curved surface workpiece.

[0008] In the above scheme, the curved surface workpiece is provided with spring support rods around the periphery.

[0009] In the above scheme, the curvature dynamic monitoring system comprises a plurality of micro distance measuring sensors, each micro distance measuring sensor is installed on a sensor base, and the sensor base is perpendicular to the direction of the laser beam emitted by the optical path adjusting system.

[0010] In the above scheme, the micro distance measuring sensors are distributed in a circumferential array around the central axis of the sensor base.

[0011] In the above scheme, the laser and the laser control system are electrically connected, the workpiece movement system and the workpiece movement adjusting system are electrically connected, the workpiece horizontal adjusting system is electrically connected to the clamp horizontal control system through a stepping motor, the curvature dynamic monitoring system and the curvature dynamic monitoring control system are electrically connected, the constraint layer spraying system and the constraint layer spraying control system are electrically connected, and the central integrated control system receives the information fed back by the laser control system, the clamp horizontal control system, the curvature dynamic monitoring control system, the constraint layer spraying control system and the workpiece horizontal adjusting system, and realizes automatic control of laser impact forming of the curved surface workpiece.

[0012] The application also provides a complex curved surface wall plate laser impact forming method, comprising the following steps: S1, processing the impact surface of the curved surface workpiece surface to obtain a clean and smooth impact surface; coating an absorption layer on the surface to ensure laser absorption rate; a confinement layer spraying system provides a stable water layer to confine laser energy; S2, attaching a magnetic patch at a key position of the curved surface workpiece, adjusting the ball screw to a suitable height, placing the curved surface workpiece on the ball screw, automatically supporting the spring support rod to maintain stability, and absorbing the curved surface workpiece by energizing the electromagnetic coil; S3, adjusting the light path adjustment system to make the laser beam vertically incident on the working plane, laser impact, and realizing single or multiple laser emissions through the laser control system; adjusting the motion platform through the workpiece horizontal adjustment system to make the curved surface workpiece move to realize impact at different positions; S4, the curvature dynamic monitoring system feeds back the measurement value of the micro distance measuring sensor to the central integrated control system, compares the distance measuring value, adjusts the current size of each electromagnetic coil, makes the surface of the pre-impact point of the curved surface workpiece deflect to be perpendicular to the laser path, adjusts the height of the ball screw to ensure that the spot diameter is controllable, the curvature dynamic monitoring system feeds back the measurement value of the micro distance measuring sensor to the central integrated control system, and real-time calculation of the curvature of the impact point is realized. The laser parameter is controlled and adjusted to realize accurate forming; S5, after the impact is completed, the current size of each electromagnetic coil is adjusted, the spring support rod is automatically supported to maintain the stable support state of the curved surface workpiece, the central integrated control system disconnects the current of the energized coil, and the curved surface workpiece after forming can be quickly disassembled.

[0013] The application has the advantages that the application can realize rapid clamping of complex curved surface workpieces, real-time adjustment of sheet angle, perpendicular incidence of laser beam on sheet surface, real-time monitoring of impact point curvature, adjustment of laser parameters, and quantitative and accurate forming. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 The application also provides a complex curved surface wall plate laser impact forming method, comprising the following steps: S1, processing the impact surface of the curved surface workpiece surface to obtain a clean and smooth impact surface; coating an absorption layer on the surface to ensure laser absorption rate; a confinement layer spraying system provides a stable water layer to confine laser energy; S2, attaching a magnetic patch at a key position of the curved surface workpiece, adjusting the ball screw to a suitable height, placing the curved surface workpiece on the ball screw, automatically supporting the spring support rod to maintain stability, and absorbing the curved surface workpiece by energizing the electromagnetic coil; S3, adjusting the light path adjustment system to make the laser beam vertically incident on the working plane, laser impact, and realizing single or multiple laser emissions through the laser control system; adjusting the motion platform through the workpiece horizontal adjustment system to make the curved surface workpiece move to realize impact at different positions; S4, the curvature dynamic monitoring system feeds back the measurement value of the micro distance measuring sensor to the central integrated control system, compares the distance measuring value, adjusts the current size of each electromagnetic coil, makes the surface of the pre-impact point of the curved surface workpiece deflect to be perpendicular to the laser path, adjusts the height of the ball screw to ensure that the spot diameter is controllable, the curvature dynamic monitoring system feeds back the measurement value of the micro distance measuring sensor to the central integrated control system, and real-time calculation of the curvature of the impact point is realized. The laser parameter is controlled and adjusted to realize accurate forming; S5, after the impact is completed, the current size of each electromagnetic coil is adjusted, the spring support rod is automatically supported to maintain the stable support state of the curved surface workpiece, the central integrated control system disconnects the current of the energized coil, and the curved surface workpiece after forming can be quickly disassembled.

[0015] Figure 2 The application also provides a complex curved surface wall plate laser impact forming method, comprising the following steps: S1, processing the impact surface of the curved surface workpiece surface to obtain a clean and smooth impact surface; coating an absorption layer on the surface to ensure laser absorption rate; a confinement layer spraying system provides a stable water layer to confine laser energy; S2, attaching a magnetic patch at a key position of the curved surface workpiece, adjusting the ball screw to a suitable height, placing the curved surface workpiece on the ball screw, automatically supporting the spring support rod to maintain stability, and absorbing the curved surface workpiece by energizing the electromagnetic coil; S3, adjusting the light path adjustment system to make the laser beam vertically incident on the working plane, laser impact, and realizing single or multiple laser emissions through the laser control system; adjusting the motion platform through the workpiece horizontal adjustment system to make the curved surface workpiece move to realize impact at different positions; S4, the curvature dynamic monitoring system feeds back the measurement value of the micro distance measuring sensor to the central integrated control system, compares the distance measuring value, adjusts the current size of each electromagnetic coil, makes the surface of the pre-impact point of the curved surface workpiece deflect to be perpendicular to the laser path, adjusts the height of the ball screw to ensure that the spot diameter is controllable, the curvature dynamic monitoring system feeds back the measurement value of the micro distance measuring sensor to the central integrated control system, and real-time calculation of the curvature of the impact point is realized. The laser parameter is controlled and adjusted to realize accurate forming; S5, after the impact is completed, the current size of each electromagnetic coil is adjusted, the spring support rod is automatically supported to maintain the stable support state of the curved surface workpiece, the central integrated control system disconnects the current of the energized coil, and the curved surface workpiece after forming can be quickly disassembled.

[0016] In the figure: 1-central integrated control system; 2-laser; 3-light path adjustment system; 4-confinement layer spraying system; 5-curved surface workpiece; 6-energized coil; 7-ball screw; 8-spring support rod; 9-workpiece horizontal adjustment system; 10-stepping motor; 11-clamp platform; 12-curvature dynamic monitoring system; 13-laser control system; 14-confinement layer spraying control system; 15-curvature dynamic monitoring control system; 16-workpiece motion adjustment system; 17-clamp horizontal control system; 18-sensor base; 19-micro distance measuring sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solutions of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0018] As Figure 1 shown, the complex curved surface wallboard laser shock forming device provided by the embodiment mainly comprises a laser 2, an optical path adjusting system 3, a workpiece movement system, a dynamic curvature monitoring system 12, a workpiece horizontal adjustment system 9, a constraint layer spraying system 4 and a central integrated control system 1. The laser beam emitted by the laser 2 passes through the optical path adjusting system 3 and is transmitted to the surface of the curved workpiece 5 clamped on the workpiece horizontal adjustment system 9. The surface of the curved workpiece 5 is covered with a constraint layer sprayed by the constraint layer spraying system 4. The shock wave induced by the absorption layer absorbs laser and acts on the surface of the curved workpiece 5, and the curved workpiece 5 produces rapid plastic deformation. The laser 2 and the laser control system 13 are electrically connected, and the switch and output parameters of the laser 2 are controlled. The workpiece movement system and the workpiece movement adjustment system 16 are electrically connected, and the clamping, adjustment and movement of the workpiece movement system 6 are controlled. The workpiece horizontal adjustment system 9 is electrically connected with the clamp horizontal control system 17 through the stepping motor 10, and the left and right horizontal moving position of the workpiece horizontal adjustment system 9 is controlled. The curvature dynamic monitoring system 12 and the curvature dynamic monitoring control system 15 are electrically connected to monitor the corresponding curvature of the impact point of the curved workpiece 5 in real time. The constraint layer spraying system 4 is electrically connected with the constraint layer spraying control system 14 to realize the implementation control of the constraint layer on the surface of the curved workpiece 5. The central integrated control system 1 receives the information feedback from the laser control system 13, the clamp horizontal control system 17, the curvature dynamic monitoring control system 15, the constraint layer spraying control system 14 and the workpiece horizontal adjustment system 16, and realizes the automatic control of the laser shock forming of the curved workpiece 5. The curved workpiece 5 is coated with an energy absorption layer with uniform thickness. For magnetic metal materials, the tool workpiece movement system can directly absorb the curved workpiece. For non-magnetic curved workpieces, magnetic patches can be attached to the non-impact key area to absorb the non-magnetic curved workpiece.

[0019] The workpiece movement system is composed of an electromagnetic coil 6, a ball screw 7, and a spring support rod 8. The electromagnetic coil 6 is powered to generate a magnetic force to attract the curved workpiece. When the coil is powered off, the workpiece can be removed, realizing the rapid clamping of the curved workpiece. According to the distance between the impact points measured by the curvature dynamic monitoring system 12, the distance is compared to determine whether the surface of the curved workpiece is perpendicular to the laser beam path. The current of each electromagnetic coil is adjusted to change the electromagnetic force, realize the deflection of the curved workpiece, and realize the perpendicularity of the curved workpiece surface and the laser beam path. The monitoring values of each sensor are obtained by the curvature dynamic monitoring system 12 and fed back to the central integrated control system 1. The central integrated control system 1 controls the laser emission system 2 and the tool workpiece movement system at the same time, adjusts the laser parameters and the position and angle of the curved workpiece respectively, and the adjusted state information is collected in real time by the curvature dynamic monitoring system 12 to realize closed-loop control. The spring support rod 8 can adjust the installation position of the support rod according to different complex curved panels and target shapes,

[0020] The ball screw 7 can be adjusted in height to ensure that the size of the spot at each impact point is controllable when the complex curved surface is slightly deflected.

[0021] As shown in Figure 2 The curvature dynamic monitoring system 12 is composed of a plurality of miniature distance measuring sensors 19 and a base 18. The position of the base 18 is perpendicular to the position of the laser beam. The plurality of miniature distance measuring sensors 19 are installed in a circumferential array around the central axis of the base 18. The number of sensors is adjusted according to the monitoring direction and the number of directions. By knowing the installation spacing of each miniature distance measuring sensor and the measurement value of each miniature distance measuring sensor, the central integrated control system 1 calculates the corresponding curvature of the impact point of the curved workpiece to achieve real-time monitoring of the forming curvature. At the same time, the distance measurement values of the miniature distance measuring sensors are compared to determine whether the surface of the impact point is perpendicular to the laser beam path to achieve accurate impact of each point. According to the measured curvature value, the laser pulse width, energy, and repetition frequency are changed to adjust the impact pressure, realizing the accurate forming of the curved workpiece.

[0022] The monitoring working principle is as follows: comparing the distance measurement values of the two end sensors, if the distance values are the same, it is determined that the surface of the impact point is perpendicular to the laser beam path.

[0023] When the distance measurement values of the two end sensors are different, the current of the electromagnetic coil is adjusted to cause the curved workpiece 5 to deflect slightly, and the measurement values are compared in real time to ensure that the surface is perpendicular to the laser beam.

[0024] According to the geometric relationship, the formula of the arc height of the metal plate and the radius of curvature is as follows

[0025]

[0026] Wherein, R is the radius of curvature, L is the sensor spacing, and d is the difference between the center and the two end measurement values.

[0027] According to the sensor measurement values, the curvature value is calculated by the central integrated control system 1.

[0028] According to the measured curvature value, the laser pulse width, energy, and repetition frequency are changed to adjust the impact pressure, so as to realize the precise forming of the curved workpiece.

[0029] When the electromagnetic coil is powered off, the curved workpiece can be disassembled.

[0030] The plurality of sensors in the curvature dynamic monitoring system 12 can be arranged in a circumferential array around the center to calculate the curvature values in different directions.

[0031] The spring support rod 8 in the workpiece movement system 6 can adjust the support position according to different complex curved panels and target shapes.

[0032] The specific working process of the embodiment is as follows: S1, the impact surface of the curved workpiece 5 is processed to obtain a clean and smooth impact surface; an absorption layer is coated on the surface to ensure the laser absorption rate; the stable water layer provided by the constraint layer spraying system 4 is used to constrain the laser energy; S2, magnetic patches are attached to the key positions of the curved workpiece, the ball screw 7 is adjusted to an appropriate height, the curved workpiece is placed on the ball screw 7, the spring support rod 8 automatically assists the support to maintain stability, and the electromagnetic coil is powered on to attract the curved workpiece; S3, the light path adjustment system 3 is adjusted to make the laser beam perpendicular to the working plane, the laser is impacted, and the laser control system 13 is used to realize single or multiple laser emissions; the workpiece horizontal adjustment system 9 adjusts the movement platform to make the curved workpiece 5 move to realize impact at different positions; S4, the curvature dynamic monitoring system 12 feeds back the measurement values of the micro distance measuring sensors to the central integrated control system 1, compares the distance measuring values, adjusts the current size of each electromagnetic coil, makes the surface of the pre-impact point of the curved workpiece 5 deflect to be perpendicular to the laser path, adjusts the height of the ball screw 7 to ensure that the spot diameter is controllable, the curvature dynamic monitoring system 12 feeds back the measurement values of the micro distance measuring sensors to the central integrated control system 1, calculates the curvature of the impact point in real time, controls and adjusts the parameters of the laser 2 to realize precise forming; S5, after the impact is completed, the current size of each electromagnetic coil is adjusted, the spring support rod 8 automatically assists the support, the curved workpiece 5 is kept in a stable support state, the central integrated control system 1 disconnects the current of the powered coil 6, and the formed curved workpiece 5 can be quickly disassembled.

[0033] The above embodiment is only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but it does not limit the present application. Any person skilled in the art can make possible changes and modifications to the solutions proposed by the present application by using the above disclosed content without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the present application, which does not deviate from the technical content of the present application, belongs to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A complex curved surface wallboard laser shock forming device, comprising a laser (2), an optical path adjusting system (3) and a fixture platform (11), the optical path adjusting system (3) is opposite to a curved workpiece (5), characterized in that, The curved workpiece (5) is installed on a workpiece movement system, the workpiece movement system is fixed on a workpiece horizontal adjustment system (9), the workpiece horizontal adjustment system (9) is fixed on the clamp platform (11), the curved workpiece (5) is provided with a constraint layer spraying system (4) on the side of the light path adjustment system (3), and the other side is provided with a curvature dynamic monitoring system (12), the workpiece movement system adjusts the rotation and the up-down position of the curved workpiece (5) according to the data fed back by the curvature dynamic monitoring system (12), the workpiece horizontal adjustment system (9) realizes the horizontal movement of the whole curved workpiece (5), the workpiece movement system comprises a plurality of electromagnetic coils (6) and ball screws (7), the top end of the ball screw (7) is attached to the middle position of the curved workpiece (5), the curved workpiece (5) is a magnetic material or a non-magnetic material, when the curved workpiece (5) is a non-magnetic material, a magnetic patch is attached to the non-impact surface of the curved workpiece (5).

2. The apparatus for laser shock forming of a complex curved panel according to claim 1, wherein, The curved workpiece (5) is provided with a spring support rod (8) around.

3. The apparatus for laser shock forming of a complex curved panel according to claim 1, wherein, The curvature dynamic monitoring system (12) comprises a plurality of micro distance sensors (19), each micro distance sensor (19) is installed on a sensor base (18), and the sensor base (18) is perpendicular to the direction of the laser beam emitted by the light path adjustment system (3).

4. The apparatus for laser shock forming of a complex curved panel according to claim 3, wherein, The micro distance sensors (19) are circumferentially arranged around the central axis of the sensor base (18).

5. The apparatus for laser shock forming of a complex curved panel according to claim 4, wherein, The laser (2) and the laser control system (13) are electrically connected, the workpiece movement system and the workpiece movement adjustment system (16) are electrically connected, the workpiece horizontal adjustment system (9) is electrically connected with the clamp horizontal control system (17) through the stepping motor (10), the curvature dynamic monitoring system (12) is electrically connected with the curvature dynamic monitoring control system (15), the constraint layer spraying system (4) is electrically connected with the constraint layer spraying control system (14), and the central integrated control system (1) receives the information fed back by the laser control system (13), the clamp horizontal control system (17), the curvature dynamic monitoring control system (15), the constraint layer spraying control system (14) and the workpiece movement adjustment system (16), so as to realize automatic control of laser impact forming of the curved workpiece (5).

6. A method for laser shock forming of complex curved panels using the apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The method comprises the following steps: S1, processing the impact surface of the curved workpiece (5) to obtain a clean and smooth impact surface; coating an absorption layer on the surface to ensure laser absorption; the constraint layer spraying system (4) provides a stable water layer to constrain laser energy; S2, attaching a magnetic patch to a key position of the curved workpiece, adjusting the ball screw (7) to a suitable height, placing the curved workpiece on the ball screw (7), automatically supporting and maintaining stability by the spring support rod (8), and absorbing the curved workpiece by energizing the electromagnetic coil. S3, the adjusting system of light path adjustment system (3) makes the laser beam incident vertically to the working plane, and the laser impact is realized by the laser control system (13) to achieve single or multiple laser emission; the workpiece horizontal adjustment system (9) adjusts the movement platform to make the curved workpiece (5) move to realize impact at different positions; S4, the curvature dynamic monitoring system (12) feeds back the measurement value of the miniature distance sensor to the central integrated control system (1), compares the distance value, adjusts the current size of each electromagnetic coil, makes the surface of the pre-impact point of the curved workpiece (5) deflect to be perpendicular to the laser path, adjusts the height of the ball screw (7) at the same time, ensures that the spot diameter is controllable; the curvature dynamic monitoring system (12) feeds back the measurement value of the miniature distance sensor to the central integrated control system (1), calculates the curvature of the impact point in real time, controls and adjusts the parameters of the laser (2), and realizes accurate forming; S5, after the impact is completed, the current size of each electromagnetic coil is adjusted, the spring support rod (8) automatically assists the support, the curved workpiece (5) is kept in a stable support state, the central integrated control system (1) disconnects the current of the electromagnetic coil (6), and the curved workpiece (5) after forming can be quickly disassembled.

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