Microbial mixed solution and method for hydroponically cultivating watermelon using the same

Abstract

The invention discloses a microbial mixed solution and a method for hydroponic watermelon using the same, belonging to the technical field of plant planting promoters, and aims to solve the problem that the existing vegetable hydroponic nutrient solution is mostly chemical elements, and the yield and quality of hydroponic watermelon need to be improved; the microbial mixed solution is composed of the following components: photosynthetic bacterial solution diluted 1000000 times, EM bacterial solution diluted 200 times, composite algae solution diluted 1000000 times and instant silicon fertilizer solution diluted 2000 times; the mass ratio content of SiO2 in the instant silicon fertilizer is ≥50%, and the mass ratio content of Si is ≥25%; the composition of each liter of microbial mixed solution is: photosynthetic bacterial solution 10 ul, EM bacterial solution 5ml, composite algae solution 10ul, instant silicon fertilizer solution 0.5ml. The invention improves the rhizosphere microecological environment and promotes growth by adding beneficial microorganisms; antagonizes harmful rhizosphere microorganisms; increases the oxygen content in water; decomposes self-toxic substances; does not need to add oxygen and reduces the number of water changes (or does not change water); and improves the yield and quality of hydroponic watermelon.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting promoters, and in particular to a microbial mixed solution and a method for hydroponically cultivating watermelons using the same. Background Art

[0002] Hydroponics is carried out under relatively controllable environmental conditions. Compared with traditional soil cultivation, it has the advantages of controllable nutrient supply and environmental factors, high product safety and good quality. Therefore, hydroponic vegetables are sold as high-end and safe vegetables in China and many countries in the world. However, due to relatively complex management and unsatisfactory yields, the production efficiency has not yet reached the expected level. The main reasons are: First, hydroponic vegetables are grown in nutrient solution, which does not have the buffering property of soil in traditional soil cultivation. Therefore, the control of nutrient solution concentration, the proportion of various nutrients, pH and temperature and other conditions needs to be more stringent. Therefore, the technical requirements for cultivation management are higher. Improper management will cause premature aging of plants or even total crop failure. Second, the nutrient solution of hydroponic vegetables is circulating. If diseases occur in the planting system, especially root diseases, it is very likely that the diseases will spread on a large scale, seriously affecting the yield and quality of hydroponic vegetables. Third, the self-toxic substances secreted by the roots of vegetable crops such as watermelon continue to accumulate in the culture solution, affecting the later growth. The culture solution needs to be replaced regularly, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming.

[0003] Beneficial microorganisms (fertilizers) have been widely used in most crops in soil cultivation, and their effect on improving yield and quality is obvious. The existing vegetable hydroponic nutrient solution is based on chemical elements. If beneficial microorganisms and some active substances are added, the yield and quality of hydroponic vegetables can be improved. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned technical deficiencies, the object of the present invention is to provide a microbial mixture and a method for hydroponically growing watermelon using the same.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: The present invention provides a microbial mixed solution, characterized in that it is composed of the following components: photosynthetic bacteria solution diluted 1000000 times, EM bacteria solution diluted 200 times, composite algae solution diluted 1000000 times and instant silicon fertilizer solution diluted 2000 times;

[0006] The mass ratio content of SiO2 in the instant silicon fertilizer is ≥50%, and the mass ratio content of Si is ≥25%;

[0007] The composition of each liter of microbial mixture is: 10 ul of photosynthetic bacteria solution, 5 ml of EM bacteria solution, 10 ul of compound algae solution, and 0.5 ml of instant silicon fertilizer solution;

[0008] Furthermore, the photosynthetic bacteria include Rhodopseudomonas; the EM bacteria include Bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, yeast, and Enterococcus faecalis; and the composite algae species include Chlorella, diatoms, and green algae.

[0009] The present invention also relates to a method for hydroponically cultivating watermelon using the above-mentioned microbial mixture, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

[0010] Step 1, seedling raising: select small-sized watermelon varieties with a single fruit weight of 1-2 kg, use sterile matrix plug trays for seedling raising, soak seeds in warm water for seed disinfection, sow seeds in water-soaked substrate after germination; water with Stanley universal nutrient solution diluted 500 times twice, once every 10-15 days, and water thoroughly; plant seedlings with 4 leaves and 1 heart at 25-30 days of calendar age in a hydroponic device;

[0011] Step 2, adding the prepared microbial mixture to Stanley universal nutrient solution and directly using it for watermelon planting;

[0012] Step 3, planting: Gently take the watermelon seedlings out of the substrate, try not to damage the roots, rinse the roots with clean water, and you can take a small amount of substrate; the planting hole is 3cm in diameter, and use a sponge to fix the base of the watermelon seedlings in the planting hole;

[0013] Step 4: Cultivation and management:

[0014] Management of nutrient solution: add 1.5ml of Stanley universal nutrient solution per liter of nutrient solution; the EC value of the nutrient solution for newly planted watermelon seedlings is 1.5mS / cm; after 2 weeks, the watermelon enters the flowering stage, and the EC value of the nutrient solution is 1.8mS / cm; after another 2 weeks, the watermelon enters the pollination and fruiting stage, and the EC value of the nutrient solution is 2.0mS / cm; after that, add nutrient solution every 10 days to make the EC value reach 2.5mS / cm, and add nutrient solution twice in a row to maintain it until the fruit is ripe; the EC value cannot be higher than 3.0S / cm, otherwise it is easy to rot and die; EC value and pH value are determined by special instruments; when the pH value rises, use dilute HSO4 or dilute HNO3 solution to neutralize it, and when the pH value drops, use dilute NaOH or dilute KOH solution to neutralize it; if water needs to be changed, the hydroponic box should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, the microbial mixture should be re-prepared and the corresponding nutrient solution should be added; the EC value should be adjusted with water and Stanley universal nutrient solution;

[0015] Other management: double-vine pruning and artificial pollination; the watermelon pollination nodes are selected from the female flowers on the nodes within 100-120 cm of the plant; pollination is carried out at 7:00-10:00 am on sunny days and 8:00-11:00 am on rainy days; pollination is carried out several times on the target nodes to pollinate 3-4 female flowers, leaving 1-2 watermelons on each plant; it takes 28-30 days from the opening of female flowers to the ripening of fruits; pay attention to disease and pest control.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: by adding beneficial microorganisms, the rhizosphere microecological environment is improved, growth is promoted, harmful rhizosphere microorganisms are antagonized, the oxygen content in water is increased, and self-toxic substances are decomposed, and there is no need to add oxygen and the number of water changes is reduced (or no water changes), thereby improving the yield and quality of hydroponic watermelons. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 The present invention provides a flow chart of a method for hydroponically growing watermelon using a microbial mixture. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] A microbial mixture comprising the following components:

[0021] A photosynthetic bacteria solution diluted 1,000,000 times, an EM bacteria solution diluted 200 times, a compound algae solution diluted 1,000,000 times, and an instant silicon fertilizer solution diluted 2,000 times;

[0022] The mass ratio content of SiO2 in the instant silicon fertilizer is ≥50%, and the mass ratio content of Si is ≥25%;

[0023] The composition of each liter of microbial mixture is: 10 ul of photosynthetic bacteria solution, 5 ml of EM bacteria solution, 10 ul of compound algae solution, and 0.5 ml of instant silicon fertilizer solution;

[0024] Furthermore, the photosynthetic bacteria include Rhodopseudomonas; the EM bacteria include Bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, yeast, and Enterococcus faecalis; and the composite algae species include Chlorella, diatoms, and green algae.

[0025] The present invention also relates to a method for hydroponically cultivating watermelon using the above-mentioned microbial mixture, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0026] Step 1, seedling cultivation: Watermelon varieties should be small fruit (single fruit weight 1-2kg), and sterile substrate plug trays should be used for seed cultivation. Seeds should be disinfected by soaking in warm water, and seeds should be sown in watered substrate after germination. After the cotyledons are flattened, Stanley universal nutrient solution (diluted 500 times) should be irrigated twice, once every 10-15 days, and watered thoroughly. 4 leaves and 1 heart (calendar seedling age 25-30d) can be planted in a hydroponic device.

[0027] Step 2, preparation of microbial mixed solution: photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas, preservation number CCTCC M 2022001) diluted 1000000 times (10ul per liter of mixed solution), EM bacteria (Bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, yeast, Enterococcus faecalis, etc., preservation number CCTCC M 2022003) diluted 200 times (5ml per liter of mixed solution), composite algae (Chlorella, diatoms, green algae, etc., preservation number CCTCC M 2022002) diluted 1000000 times (10ul per liter of mixed solution), instant silicon fertilizer (SiO2 mass ratio content ≥50%, Si mass ratio content ≥25%) diluted 2000 times (0.5ml per liter of mixed solution). The prepared mixed solution can be directly used for watermelon planting after adding Stanley universal nutrient solution.

[0028] Step 3, planting: Gently remove the watermelon seedlings from the substrate, try not to damage the roots, rinse the roots with clean water, and you can take a small amount of substrate. The planting hole is about 3cm in diameter, and the base of the watermelon seedling is fixed in the planting hole with a sponge (a planting basket can be used). The support plate for digging the planting hole can be a foam board, or the support plate that comes with the purchased hydroponic device can be used.

[0029] Step 4: Cultivation and management:

[0030] Management of nutrient solution: add about 1.5ml of Stanley universal nutrient solution per liter of nutrient solution. The EC value of the nutrient solution for newly planted watermelon seedlings is 1.5mS / cm; 2 weeks later, the watermelon enters the flowering stage, and the EC value of the nutrient solution is 1.8mS / cm; after another 2 weeks, the watermelon enters the pollination and fruiting stage, and the EC value of the nutrient solution is 2.0mS / cm; after that, add nutrient solution every 10 days to make the EC value reach 2.5mS / cm, and add nutrient solution twice in a row to maintain it until the fruit matures; the EC value cannot be higher than 3.0S / cm, otherwise it is easy to rot and die; EC value and pH value are determined by special instruments; when the pH value rises, use dilute HSO4 or dilute HNO3 solution to neutralize it, and when the pH value drops, use dilute NaOH or dilute KOH solution to neutralize it; if water needs to be changed, the hydroponic box should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, and the microbial mixture should be prepared again and the corresponding nutrient solution should be added; the EC value is adjusted with water and Stanley universal nutrient solution.

[0031] Others: Double vine pruning. Artificial pollination. The pollination node of watermelon is selected at the female flowers within 100-120 cm of the plant. Pollination is carried out at 7:00-10:00 am on sunny days and 8:00-11:00 am on rainy days. Pollinate 3-4 female flowers at the target node several times in a row, leaving 1-2 melons on each plant. It takes 28-30 days from the opening of the female flowers to the ripening of the fruits. Pay attention to pest and disease control.

[0032] Experimental content:

[0033] 1. Effects of microbial mixture on growth, development, yield and quality of hydroponic watermelon

[0034] 1.1 Materials and methods

[0035] The experimental watermelon variety is a small-fruited gift watermelon, and the weight of a single fruit in conventional planting is about 1.5 kg. The experiment set up two treatments: adding a microbial mixture and Stanley's universal nutrient solution to the hydroponic watermelon culture solution (treatment 1) and adding only Stanley's universal nutrient solution to the hydroponic watermelon culture solution (CK). Each treatment has 60 seedlings and three replicates. The leaf length, leaf width, root dry weight, and stem thickness were measured during the flowering period. When the fruit is ripe (about 30 days after flowering), the single fruit weight and the soluble solid content in the center are measured to calculate the equivalent yield.

[0036] Six seedlings were randomly selected from each replicate, and the length and width of the 10th leaf of the main vine were measured with a ruler. The stem diameter at the axil of the 10th leaf was measured with a vernier caliper. The roots were cut and cleaned, dried at 200℃ for 0.5h, and the dry weight of the roots was measured with an electronic balance. The weight of a single melon was weighed with an electronic scale, and the soluble solid content in the center was measured with a handheld saccharimeter. The yield per mu was calculated based on 1,500 plants per 667m2.

[0037] The data are the average of three replicates.

[0038] 1.2 Results and Analysis

[0039] Table 1 Effects of microbial mixture on growth, development, yield and quality of hydroponic watermelon

[0040] deal with Leaf length cm Leaf width cm Root dry weight g Stem diameter mm Single fruit weight kg <![CDATA[Converted yield kg / 667m 2 > Central soluble solid content% Water changes Process 1 19.4 14.6 6.7 5.9 1.35 2025 12.84 2 CK 17.2 12.5 5.1 4.8 1.13 1695 11.73 5 Comparison with control ±% 12.79 16.80 31.37 22.92 19.47 19.47 9.46 ---

[0041] As shown in Table 1, compared with the control, the hydroponic watermelon with the microbial mixture added to the culture medium had a leaf length increase of 12.79%, a leaf width increase of 16.80%, and a significant increase in leaf area; the stem thickness increased by 22.92%, and the carrying capacity of the watermelon plant was significantly enhanced; the root dry weight increased by 31.37%, and the rooting ability was significantly enhanced; the single fruit weight increased by 19.47%, and the yield increased by more than 5%; the central soluble solids increased by 1.11 percentage points, and the quality of the watermelon fruit was significantly improved. And the number of water changes was significantly reduced: the water was changed once every 20 days during the growth period of about 60 days after planting, and the water was changed twice in total; the control changed the water once every 10 days, and the water was changed 5 times in total.

[0042] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A microbial mixture, characterized in that: It is composed of the following components: A photosynthetic bacteria solution diluted 1,000,000 times, an EM bacteria solution diluted 200 times, a compound algae solution diluted 1,000,000 times, and an instant silicon fertilizer solution diluted 2,000 times; The mass ratio content of SiO2 in the instant silicon fertilizer is ≥50%, and the mass ratio content of Si is ≥25%; The composition of each liter of microbial mixture is: 10 ul of photosynthetic bacteria solution, 5 ml of EM bacteria solution, 10 ul of compound algae solution, and 0.5 ml of instant silicon fertilizer solution; The photosynthetic bacteria include Rhodopseudomonas; the EM bacteria include Bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, yeast, and Enterococcus faecalis; and the composite algae species include Chlorella, diatoms, and green algae.

2. A method for hydroponically growing watermelon using the microbial mixture of claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: Step 1, seedling raising: select small-sized watermelon varieties with a single fruit weight of 1-2 kg, use sterile matrix plug trays for seedling raising, soak seeds in warm water for seed disinfection, sow seeds in water-soaked substrate after germination; water with Stanley universal nutrient solution diluted 500 times twice, once every 10-15 days, and water thoroughly; plant seedlings with 4 leaves and 1 heart at 25-30 days of calendar age in a hydroponic device; Step 2, adding the prepared microbial mixture to Stanley universal nutrient solution and directly using it for watermelon planting; Step 3, planting: Gently take the watermelon seedlings out of the substrate, do not damage the roots, rinse the roots with clean water, and you can take a small amount of substrate; the planting hole has a diameter of 3cm, and use a sponge to fix the base of the watermelon seedlings in the planting hole; Step 4: Cultivation and management: Management of nutrient solution: add 1.5ml of Stanley universal nutrient solution per liter of nutrient solution; the EC value of the nutrient solution for newly planted watermelon seedlings is 1.5mS / cm; after 2 weeks, the watermelon enters the flowering stage, and the EC value of the nutrient solution is 1.8mS / cm; after another 2 weeks, the watermelon enters the pollination and fruiting stage, and the EC value of the nutrient solution is 2.0mS / cm; after that, add nutrient solution every 10 days to make the EC value reach 2.5mS / cm, and add nutrient solution twice in a row to maintain it until the fruit is ripe; the EC value cannot be higher than 3.0S / cm, otherwise it is easy to rot and die; EC value and pH value are measured with special instruments; when the pH value rises, use dilute HSO4 or dilute HNO3 solution to neutralize it, and when the pH value drops, use dilute NaOH or dilute KOH solution to neutralize it; if water needs to be changed, the hydroponic box should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, and the microbial mixture should be re-prepared and the corresponding nutrient solution should be added; EC value is adjusted with water and Stanley universal nutrient solution; Other management: double-vine pruning and artificial pollination; the watermelon pollination nodes are selected from the female flowers on the nodes within 100-120 cm of the plant; pollination is carried out at 7:00-10:00 am on sunny days and 8:00-11:00 am on rainy days; pollination is carried out several times on the target nodes to pollinate 3-4 female flowers, leaving 1-2 watermelons on each plant; it takes 28-30 days from the opening of female flowers to the ripening of fruits; pay attention to disease and pest control.

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