gasifier

Abstract

The application provides a gasification furnace, which comprises a shell, a combustion chamber arranged in the shell, a membrane water-cooled wall arranged outside the combustion chamber, the membrane water-cooled wall comprising an upper water-cooled wall cone, a middle water-cooled wall cylinder and a lower water-cooled wall cone, the membrane water-cooled wall being a sealed cavity, a water-cooled wall water outlet being arranged on the upper water-cooled wall cone and being communicated with a water outlet of the shell, and a water-cooled wall water inlet being arranged on the lower water-cooled wall cone and being communicated with a water inlet of the shell. Since the refractory bricks are cancelled as the heat insulation components for heat insulation and the membrane water-cooled wall is adopted as the heat insulation component for heat insulation of the combustion chamber, the shortcomings of the refractory bricks are overcome, the refractory bricks need to be frequently replaced, and the heating temperature of the refractory bricks is limited, thereby affecting the gasification of the coal with high ash melting point. By adopting the technical scheme, the gasification furnace with the combustion chamber heat insulation component which does not need frequent maintenance is provided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of chemical equipment, and more particularly to a gasification furnace. BACKGROUND

[0002] Coal is the main energy source in China. In order to realize clean and efficient utilization of coal, improve the energy conversion efficiency of coal, and ensure the long-period stable operation of the gasification furnace, the technical level of the gasification furnace needs to be continuously improved.

[0003] At present, coal gasification is mainly realized by two methods: one is pulverized coal gasification, and the other is coal water slurry gasification. In the prior art, the combustion chamber of the gasification furnace adopts refractory bricks for heat insulation, and the refractory bricks are used for the heat insulation lining of the gasification furnace. The refractory bricks have many disadvantages, such as easy wear, poor heat insulation effect, high shell wall temperature, frequent replacement of the refractory bricks, limited heating temperature of the refractory bricks, which affects the gasification of high-ash melting point coal, limited coal type adaptation range, inability to widely use cheap coal, small application range, and very complex manufacturing, installation, maintenance and replacement of the refractory bricks.

[0004] In addition, the gasification furnace in the prior art adopts a cooling method of a quenching ring, and the temperature of the synthesis gas out of the combustion chamber is reduced from 1250 degrees to about 900 degrees. After the water bath cooling in the quenching chamber, the waste heat of the high-temperature synthesis gas is not fully recovered and utilized, causing great energy waste.

[0005] Further, in the gasification furnace in the prior art, the slag port of the combustion chamber has poor sealing, which easily causes the shell at the slag port to overheat and shut down, and the descending cylinder section is often bulged or ruptured due to uneven water distribution, which easily causes shutdown and affects the long-period operation of the equipment, thereby reducing the long-period operation stability of the gasification furnace.

[0006] Therefore, how to provide a gasification furnace with combustion chamber heat insulation components that do not need frequent maintenance is a problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field at present. SUMMARY

[0007] Therefore, the present application provides a gasification furnace with combustion chamber heat insulation components that do not need frequent maintenance.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme:

[0009] A gasification furnace, comprising a shell, a combustion chamber is arranged in the shell, a membrane water cooling wall is arranged outside the combustion chamber, the membrane water cooling wall comprises an upper water cooling wall cone cylinder, a middle water cooling wall cylinder and a lower water cooling wall cone cylinder, the membrane water cooling wall is a sealed cavity, a water cooling wall water outlet is arranged on the upper water cooling wall cone cylinder, and the water cooling wall water outlet is communicated with a water outlet of the shell; a water cooling wall water inlet is arranged on the lower water cooling wall cone cylinder, and the water cooling wall water inlet is communicated with a water inlet of the shell.

[0010] Optionally, a burner is arranged above the combustion chamber in the shell, a burner coil is arranged around the burner, a header is arranged below the combustion chamber, a heat exchanger chamber is arranged below the header, the heat exchanger chamber exchanges and recovers heat from the high-temperature gas flowing into the heat exchanger chamber from the header in the combustion chamber, a quenching chamber is arranged below the heat exchanger chamber, and a slag pool is arranged below the quenching chamber.

[0011] Optionally, a burner connecting port connected with the burner is arranged at the upper central position of the membrane water-cooled wall, the lower central position of the membrane water-cooled wall is connected with the header, and the header is connected with the heat exchanger chamber.

[0012] Optionally, a heat insulation layer and a pin are arranged on the inner wall surface of the membrane water-cooled wall, and a nitrogen protection layer or a carbon dioxide protection layer is arranged in the annular cavity between the membrane water-cooled wall and the shell.

[0013] Optionally, a slag port pipe is arranged in the header, the slag port pipe is in communication with the combustion chamber and the heat exchanger chamber respectively, an upper end of the header is provided with a variable-diameter ring and an upper sealing plate for sealing and isolating the bottom of the combustion chamber and the annular cavity of the shell, an outer portion of the slag port pipe is provided with an S-shaped sealing component for sealing and isolating the heat exchanger chamber and the annular cavity of the shell, and a heat insulation layer and a pin are arranged on the inner wall surface of the header.

[0014] Optionally, a heat exchanger is arranged in the heat exchanger chamber, a sealing ring plate is arranged outside the heat exchanger to divide the annular cavity in the shell into upper and lower two parts, and an ear seat is arranged to fix the heat exchanger.

[0015] Optionally, the heat exchanger comprises a double header arranged at the upper portion thereof and a single header arranged at the lower portion thereof, a heat exchanger water outlet is arranged on the double header and in communication with the water outlet of the shell, and a heat exchanger water inlet is arranged on the single header and in communication with the water inlet of the shell.

[0016] Optionally, a cooling and descending assembly and a slag pool are arranged in the quenching chamber, the cooling and descending assembly comprises a cooling component and a descending cylinder section, the cooling component comprises an upper cooling cone cylinder, a middle cooling cylinder and a lower cooling cone cylinder, a water inlet is arranged on the middle cooling cylinder, a cooling water cone cylinder is arranged in the cavity of the cooling component, an overflow weir is arranged at the upper end of the cooling water cone cylinder, a sawtooth is arranged at the upper end of the overflow weir, and a gap is arranged between the top of the sawtooth and the upper cooling cone cylinder.

[0017] Optionally, the lower portion of the cooling component is connected with the descending cylinder section, a sawtooth is arranged at the lower end of the descending cylinder section, a plurality of flexible support members are arranged outside the lower end of the descending cylinder section, and the lower end of the descending cylinder section extends below the liquid level in the quenching chamber.

[0018] Optionally, a manhole and a liquid blocking ring are further arranged on the shell.

[0019] The gasification furnace provided by the application comprises a shell, a combustion chamber is arranged in the shell, a membrane water cooling wall is arranged outside the combustion chamber, the membrane water cooling wall comprises an upper water cooling wall tapered cylinder, a middle water cooling wall cylinder and a lower water cooling wall tapered cylinder, the membrane water cooling wall is a sealed cavity, a water cooling wall water outlet is arranged on the upper water cooling wall tapered cylinder, and the water cooling wall water outlet is communicated with a water outlet of the shell; a water cooling wall water inlet is arranged on the lower water cooling wall tapered cylinder, and the water cooling wall water inlet is communicated with a water inlet of the shell. Since the refractory bricks are cancelled as the heat insulation components for heat insulation, and the membrane water cooling wall is adopted as the heat insulation component for heat insulation of the combustion chamber, the membrane water cooling wall is of a split structure, is easy to maintain, and the tapered cylinder configuration is beneficial to heat exchange. The circulating water supply is performed through the water cooling wall water inlet and the water cooling wall water outlet to perform heat exchange, and the many shortcomings of the refractory bricks are overcome. The shortcomings of the refractory bricks are easy to wear, poor heat insulation effect, high shell wall temperature, and the refractory bricks need to be frequently replaced. Meanwhile, the heating temperature of the refractory bricks is limited, the gasification of high-ash melting point coal is affected, the coal type adaptation range is limited, the cheap coal cannot be widely used, the application range is small, and the manufacturing, installation, maintenance and replacement of the refractory bricks are very complex and time-consuming and laborious. The above technical scheme realizes the provision of a gasification furnace with a combustion chamber heat insulation component which does not need frequent maintenance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] The novel features of the application are set forth with particularity in the claims that follow. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present application will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the application are utilized, and the accompanying drawings of which:

[0021] In the drawings: Figure 1 The structure schematic diagram of the gasification furnace provided by the application.

[0022] Figure 1 In the drawings: 1 is a burner, 2 is a burner coil, 3 is a membrane water cooling wall, 4 is a header, 5 is a heat exchanger support, 6 is a heat exchanger, 7 is a sealing ring plate, 8 is a cooling down assembly, 9 is a flexible support, 10 is a liquid blocking ring, 11 is a shell, 12 is a combustion chamber, 13 is a heat exchanger chamber, 14 is a quenching chamber, and 15 is a slag pool. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The application realizes the provision of a gasification furnace with a combustion chamber heat insulation component which does not need frequent maintenance.

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the gasifier provided in this application.

[0026] The gasifier provided in this application includes a shell 11, a combustion chamber 12 is disposed inside the shell 11, and a membrane water-cooled wall 3 is disposed outside the combustion chamber 12. The membrane water-cooled wall 3 includes an upper water-cooled wall cone, a middle water-cooled wall cylinder, and a lower water-cooled wall cone. The membrane water-cooled wall 3 is a sealed cavity. A water-cooled wall outlet is provided on the upper water-cooled wall cone, which is connected to the water outlet of the shell 11. A water-cooled wall inlet is provided on the lower water-cooled wall cone, which is connected to the water inlet of the shell 11. By eliminating the use of refractory bricks as heat insulation components and instead using the membrane water-cooled wall 3 as the heat insulation component for the combustion chamber 12, the membrane water-cooled wall 3 has a split structure, is easy to maintain, and the cone configuration is conducive to heat exchange. The membrane water-cooled wall 3 replaces refractory bricks, and the furnace temperature can be increased to 1700 degrees Celsius, solving the gasification problem of coal with high ash melting point. This method overcomes many drawbacks of refractory bricks by using a circulating water supply through the water-cooled wall inlet and outlet for heat exchange. Refractory bricks suffer from easy wear, poor insulation, high shell wall temperature, and require frequent replacement. Furthermore, their limited heating temperature affects the gasification of high-ash-fusion-point coals, restricts their adaptability to various coal types, and limits the widespread use of inexpensive coals. Additionally, the manufacturing, installation, maintenance, and replacement of refractory bricks are complex, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. The above technical solution provides a gasifier with combustion chamber insulation components that require less frequent maintenance.

[0027] In a specific embodiment of this application, a burner 1 is disposed above the combustion chamber 12 within the shell 11, and a burner coil 2 is disposed around the burner 1. A header 4 is disposed below the combustion chamber 12, and a heat exchanger chamber 13 is disposed below the header 4. The heat exchanger chamber 13 performs heat exchange and heat recovery on the high-temperature gas flowing into the heat exchanger chamber 13 from the combustion chamber 12 through the header 4. A quench chamber 14 is disposed below the heat exchanger chamber 13, and a slag pool 15 is disposed below the quench chamber 14. The combustion chamber 12, header 4, heat exchanger chamber 13, quench chamber 14, and slag pool 15, including the burner 1 and burner coil 2, share a single pressure-bearing shell 11, which simplifies the structure of the gasifier, reduces investment costs, and improves the long-term operational stability of the equipment. The heat exchanger chamber 13 performs heat exchange by absorbing the heat of the syngas generated in the combustion chamber 12, thereby improving the heat recovery efficiency.

[0028] In one specific embodiment of this application, a burner connection port for connecting to the burner 1 is provided at the center of the upper part of the membrane water-cooled wall 3, and a header 4 is connected to the center of the lower part of the membrane water-cooled wall 3. The header 4 is connected to the heat exchanger chamber 13. A protective component for the burner coil 2 is also provided at the center of the upper part of the membrane water-cooled wall 3, and an annular cavity is formed between the membrane water-cooled wall 3 and the housing 11. The membrane water-cooled wall 3 is connected to the heat exchanger chamber 13 through the header 4.

[0029] In one specific embodiment of this application, the inner wall surface of the membrane water-cooled wall 3 is provided with a heat insulation layer and pins, and a nitrogen protection layer or a carbon dioxide protection layer is provided in the annular cavity between the membrane water-cooled wall 3 and the shell 11. The pins are used to fix the heat insulation layer, and the addition of the heat insulation layer further improves the heat insulation performance of the membrane water-cooled wall 3. The nitrogen protection layer or carbon dioxide protection layer can keep the pressure-bearing shell 11 within a safe temperature range.

[0030] In a specific embodiment of this application, a slag inlet pipe is provided inside the header 4, which communicates with the combustion chamber 12 and the heat exchanger chamber 13 respectively. The upper end of the header 4 is provided with a reducing ring and an upper sealing plate for sealing and isolating the bottom of the combustion chamber 12 and the annular cavity of the shell 11. An S-shaped sealing component is provided outside the slag inlet pipe for sealing and isolating the annular cavity of the heat exchanger chamber 13 and the shell 11. The inner wall surface of the header 4 is provided with a heat insulation layer and pins. The slag inlet pipe can be a straight pipe or a coiled pipe. This structure forms a sealed channel for the header 4, preventing the syngas in the combustion chamber 12 from entering the annular cavity of the shell 11, thus solving the problem of thermal expansion displacement of the membrane water-cooled wall 3 and the problem of the shell 11 easily overheating. The special sealing structure at the location of the header 4 prevents syngas and ash from entering the annular cavity of the shell 11, preventing corrosion of the membrane water-cooled wall 3 and the heat exchanger chamber 13 by syngas and ash, extending the life of the gasifier, and ensuring the reliability of the gasifier.

[0031] In one specific embodiment of this application, a heat exchanger 6 is disposed within the heat exchanger chamber 13. A sealing ring plate 7, dividing the annular cavity located outside the heat exchanger 6 within the housing 11 into upper and lower parts, and an ear seat for fixing the heat exchanger 6 are disposed outside the heat exchanger 6. The heat exchanger support 5 supports the heat exchanger 6. The slag outlet pipe serves as a channel connecting the header 4 and the heat exchanger 6, reducing the heat exposure of the header 4 and solving the problem of axial thermal expansion displacement of the header 4. The sealing ring plate 7 facilitates the isolation of heat exchange within the annular cavity of the housing 11.

[0032] In one specific embodiment of this application, the heat exchanger 6 includes a double header disposed at its upper part and a single header disposed at its lower part; the double header is provided with a heat exchanger outlet, which is connected to the outlet of the housing 11, and the single header is provided with a heat exchanger inlet, which is connected to the inlet of the housing 11. A sealing ring plate 7 is connected to the lower header. The heat exchanger 6 performs heat exchange by absorbing the heat from the syngas generated in the combustion chamber 12, thereby improving the heat recovery efficiency.

[0033] In a specific embodiment of this application, a cooling descending assembly 8 and a slag pool 15 are provided inside the quench chamber 14. The cooling descending assembly 8 includes a cooling component and a descending cylinder section. The cooling component includes an upper cooling cone, a middle cooling cylinder, and a lower cooling cone. A water inlet is provided on the middle cooling cylinder. A cooling water cone is provided in the cavity of the cooling component. An overflow weir is provided at the upper end of the cooling water cone. A serration is provided at the upper end of the overflow weir of the cooling water cone. A gap is provided between the top of the serration and the upper cooling cone. Cooling water enters through the water inlet provided on the middle cooling cylinder and flows into the cooling water cone. The bottom of the cooling water cone is sealed. When the cooling water overflows, it flows out through the overflow weir and flows down evenly along the wall of the overflow weir. It then flows out through the gap between the lower cooling cone and the descending cylinder section, resulting in uniform water distribution and effective heat insulation protection for the descending cylinder section. The cooling components effectively protect the descending cylinder section, extend its service life, and prevent damage and cracking of the descending cylinder section. After heat recovery, the syngas passes through the quench chamber 14, which effectively washes away fine ash and water vapor, reducing the amount of ash carried by the syngas into the subsequent system and improving the operational stability of the gasifier.

[0034] In one specific embodiment of this application, the lower part of the cooling component is connected to the descending cylinder section. The lower end of the descending cylinder section is provided with serrations, and multiple flexible support members 9 are provided on the outside of the lower end of the descending cylinder section. The lower end of the descending cylinder section extends below the liquid surface in the quench chamber 14. By adopting the above technical solution, the high-temperature syngas can be prevented from directly contacting the pressurized shell 11, thus preventing the problem of the inner wall temperature of the shell 11 from exceeding the limit. This avoids affecting the safe and stable operation of the gasifier. The lower part of the quench chamber 14 maintains a certain liquid level, realizing the quenching effect of syngas and slag. After quenching, the slag accumulates in the slag pool 15 and is discharged through the slag outlet.

[0035] In one specific embodiment of this application, a manhole and a liquid-retaining ring 10 are also provided on the housing 11. The housing 11 may be provided with a manhole for maintenance personnel to enter and exit, a syngas outlet, a liquid-retaining ring 10, and various water inlets and outlets of the gasifier.

[0036] In a specific embodiment of this application, the burner coil 2, header 4, membrane water-cooled wall 3, and heat exchanger 6 can each be provided with an inlet and an outlet to achieve heat exchange and improve heat conversion and recovery efficiency. The feedwater circulation for the burner coil 2, header 4, membrane water-cooled wall 3, and heat exchanger 6 can come from the steam drum, and the heat recovery water-cooled wall corresponding to the heat exchanger 6 can also adopt a coil structure.

[0037] Numerous specific details are set forth in the specification provided herein. However, it should be understood that embodiments of this disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. In some embodiments, well-known structures and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.

[0038] While exemplary embodiments of this application have been shown and described herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided merely by way of example. Many modifications, alterations, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from this application. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of this application described herein may be employed in the practice of this application. The following claims are intended to define the scope of this application and therefore cover structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A gasifier, characterized in that, The system includes a housing (11), a combustion chamber (12) is provided inside the housing (11), and a membrane water-cooled wall (3) is provided outside the combustion chamber (12). The membrane water-cooled wall (3) includes an upper water-cooled wall cone, a middle water-cooled wall cylinder and a lower water-cooled wall cone. The membrane water-cooled wall (3) is a sealed cavity. A water-cooled wall outlet is provided on the upper water-cooled wall cone and is connected to the outlet of the housing (11). A water-cooled wall inlet is provided on the lower water-cooled wall cone and is connected to the inlet of the housing (11). A header (4) is provided below the combustion chamber (12), a heat exchanger chamber (13) is provided below the header (4), and a quench chamber (14) is provided below the heat exchanger chamber (13). The quench chamber (14) is equipped with a cooling descending assembly (8) and a slag pool (15). The cooling descending assembly (8) includes a cooling component and a descending cylinder section. The cooling component includes an upper cooling cone, a middle cooling cylinder and a lower cooling cone. The middle cooling cylinder is provided with a water inlet. The cavity of the cooling component is provided with a cooling water cone. The upper end of the cooling water cone is provided with an overflow weir. The upper end of the overflow weir is provided with serrations. The top of the serrations is provided with a gap between the upper cooling cone and the cooling water. Cooling water enters from the water inlet provided on the middle cooling cylinder and flows into the cooling water cone. The bottom of the cooling water cone is sealed. After the cooling water overflows, it will flow out from the overflow weir and flow down evenly along the wall of the overflow weir, and then flow out through the gap between the lower cooling cone and the descending cylinder section.

2. The gasifier as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A burner (1) is provided above the combustion chamber (12) inside the housing (11), and a burner coil (2) is provided around the burner (1). The heat exchanger chamber (13) performs heat exchange and heat recovery on the high-temperature gas flowing into the heat exchanger chamber (13) from the combustion chamber (12) through the header (4).

3. The gasifier as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The membrane water-cooled wall (3) has a burner connection port at the upper center position that is connected to the burner (1), and the lower center position of the membrane water-cooled wall (3) is connected to the manifold (4). The manifold (4) is connected to the heat exchanger chamber (13).

4. The gasifier as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The inner wall surface of the membrane water-cooled wall (3) is provided with a heat insulation layer and pins, and a nitrogen protection layer or a carbon dioxide protection layer is provided in the annular cavity between the membrane water-cooled wall (3) and the shell (11).

5. The gasifier as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The header (4) is provided with a slag port pipe, which is connected to the combustion chamber (12) and the heat exchanger chamber (13) respectively. The upper end of the header (4) is provided with a variable diameter ring and an upper sealing plate for sealing and isolating the bottom of the combustion chamber (12) and the annular cavity of the shell (11). The outside of the slag port pipe is provided with an S-shaped sealing component for sealing and isolating the annular cavity of the heat exchanger chamber (13) and the shell (11). The inner wall surface of the header (4) is provided with a heat insulation layer and a pin.

6. The gasifier as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The heat exchanger chamber (13) is equipped with a heat exchanger (6), and a sealing ring plate (7) is provided outside the heat exchanger (6) to divide the annular cavity located outside the heat exchanger (6) in the housing (11) into upper and lower parts, and an ear seat to fix the heat exchanger (6).

7. The gasifier as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The heat exchanger (6) includes a double manifold located on its upper part and a single manifold located on its lower part; the double manifold is provided with a heat exchanger outlet, which is connected to the outlet of the shell (11); the single manifold is provided with a heat exchanger inlet, which is connected to the inlet of the shell (11).

8. The gasifier as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The lower part of the cooling component is connected to the descending cylinder section. The lower end of the descending cylinder section is provided with serrations. Multiple flexible support members (9) are provided on the outside of the lower end of the descending cylinder section. The lower end of the descending cylinder section extends below the liquid surface in the quench chamber (14).

9. The gasifier as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The housing (11) is also provided with a manhole and a liquid-retaining ring (10).

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