Contribution model construction method, system and application of engine emission particulate matter

Abstract

The present application relates to a method, system, and application for constructing a contribution model for engine exhaust particulate matter, which includes: performing a testing process on different types of engine oil, the testing process including: testing the engine oil to obtain engine oil performance test results; injecting the engine oil into a gasoline engine, causing the gasoline engine to operate under cyclic conditions, and collecting exhaust particulate matter; testing the exhaust particulate matter to obtain exhaust particulate matter quantitative analysis results; obtaining engine oil consumption; and constructing an engine oil contribution model for exhaust particulate matter based on the exhaust particulate matter quantitative analysis results, engine oil performance test results, and engine oil consumption of each type of engine oil. Based on the exhaust particulate matter quantitative analysis results, engine oil performance test results, and engine oil consumption, the present application constructs an engine oil contribution model for gasoline engine exhaust particulate matter, clarifying the oil-contributed particulate matter and the fuel-contributed particulate matter in the emitted exhaust particulate matter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of exhaust emission particulate matter detection, and in particular to a method, system and application for constructing a contribution model of engine emission particulate matter. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous economic development of the 21st century, air pollution has become increasingly severe. The frequent occurrence of smog has seriously affected people's production, life, and health. The significant increase in the number of private cars and transportation vehicles has made the environmental situation more challenging and the impact on the atmospheric environment increasingly severe. Particulate matter emitted by gasoline and diesel engines in motor vehicles is particularly direct cause of smog. Gasoline vehicles, being the most common type of vehicle, have become a core source of smog pollution, with particulate matter emitted by their engines becoming one of the most common sources of smog.

[0003] In today's atmospheric environmental landscape, the country is accelerating its efforts to enforce emissions regulations, tightening particulate matter limits. Regulation of exhaust particulate matter, particularly those with complex components and high toxicity, will become even stricter. Currently, the development of contribution models within the industry is largely stagnant.

[0004] Related technologies have proposed a gasoline engine exhaust particulate matter testing system. This system can measure, in real time, the mass and number concentrations of particulate matter in various particle size ranges emitted by gasoline engines of varying displacements, as well as the concentrations of exhaust pollutants related to particulate matter formation and transformation, and the physical state of the exhaust gas, including temperature, humidity, and pressure. Based on this system's test data, it can assess the vehicle's exhaust particulate matter emissions and estimate particulate matter emissions based on mileage.

[0005] This type of gasoline engine exhaust emission particulate matter testing system is primarily used to measure the quantity and quality of particulate matter emissions from gasoline engine exhaust. The nature of particulate matter formation in exhaust, such as particulate matter composition, and the relationship between engine oil and particulate matter formation have not been explored. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The embodiments of the present application provide a method, system, and application for constructing a contribution model for engine exhaust particulate matter to address the problem that related technologies mainly test the quantity and quality of particulate matter emissions from gasoline engine exhaust without exploring the relationship between engine oil and the contribution of particulate matter formation.

[0007] In a first aspect, a method for constructing a contribution model of engine exhaust particulate matter is provided, comprising:

[0008] A testing procedure was performed on different types of engine oils, the testing procedure including:

[0009] - Test the engine oil to obtain the engine oil performance test results;

[0010] --Inject engine oil into the gasoline engine, run the gasoline engine in a cycle, and collect exhaust particulate matter;

[0011] - Detecting the exhaust particulate matter to obtain a quantitative analysis result of the exhaust particulate matter;

[0012] ——Get engine oil consumption;

[0013] Based on the quantitative analysis results of exhaust particulate matter of various types of engine oils, engine oil performance test results and engine oil consumption, a model of engine oil's contribution to exhaust particulate matter is constructed.

[0014] In some embodiments, the gasoline engine is selected from one of an inline three-cylinder, an inline four-cylinder, an inline six-cylinder, and an inline eight-cylinder;

[0015] And / or, the gasoline engine does not carry a particulate filter GPF;

[0016] and / or, the gasoline engine has a displacement of 1 to 2 L;

[0017] and / or, the oil capacity of the gasoline engine is 3 to 8 L;

[0018] And / or, the cycle operating condition is a NEDC cycle operating condition or a WLTC cycle operating condition;

[0019] And / or, the number of cycles of the cyclic working condition is 5 to 10 times.

[0020] In some embodiments, collecting exhaust particulate matter includes:

[0021] Setting up a collection device at the exhaust pipe outlet of the gasoline engine;

[0022] The exhaust gas particles are intercepted by the filter paper provided in the collection device.

[0023] In some embodiments, the filter paper is made of PTFE membrane.

[0024] In some embodiments, the PTFE-based membrane is a surface-modified PTFE membrane, and the surface of the surface-modified PTFE membrane has a hydrophilic membrane layer.

[0025] In some embodiments, the preparation method of the surface-modified PTFE membrane is as follows:

[0026] A PTFE membrane is obtained, and a surface modifier solution is coated on the PTFE membrane to form a hydrophilic membrane layer on the surface of the PTFE membrane, and then a drying treatment is performed to obtain a surface-modified PTFE membrane.

[0027] In some embodiments, the drying temperature is 60-80°C;

[0028] And / or, in the surface modifier solution, the surface modifier is one or both of dopamine hydrochloride and tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine hydrochloride;

[0029] And / or, in the surface modifier solution, the solvent is one or both of tris (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer solution with a pH value of 8.5 to 8.8 and 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid.

[0030] In some embodiments, the coating amount of the surface modifier solution is 10 to 50 mL / cm 2 .

[0031] In some embodiments, the coating amount of the surface modifier solution is 20 mL / cm 2 .

[0032] In some embodiments, the surface modifier solution contains 3-4 wt % of the surface modifier.

[0033] In some embodiments, detecting the exhaust particulate matter to obtain a quantitative analysis result of the exhaust particulate matter includes the following steps:

[0034] Cutting the filter paper for intercepting exhaust particulate matter to obtain a filter paper sample;

[0035] Taking a filter paper sample for thermogravimetric analysis to obtain a first quantitative analysis result;

[0036] Taking another filter paper sample for extraction, and performing qualitative analysis on the extract to obtain a qualitative analysis result, and performing quantitative analysis on the extracted filter paper sample to obtain a second quantitative analysis result;

[0037] Based on the first quantitative analysis result, the qualitative analysis result and the second quantitative analysis result, a quantitative analysis result of the exhaust particulate matter is obtained.

[0038] In some embodiments, performing qualitative analysis on the extract comprises: performing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis on the extract;

[0039] The extracted filter paper sample is quantitatively analyzed, including: field emission scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer detection and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry analysis.

[0040] In some embodiments, testing the engine oil includes: testing for sulfated ash;

[0041] And / or, the type identification of the engine oil includes the base oil type and the engine oil viscosity grade.

[0042] In some embodiments, a model for the contribution of engine oil to exhaust particulate matter is constructed based on the quantitative analysis results of exhaust particulate matter of various types of engine oil, engine oil performance test results, and engine oil consumption, including the following steps:

[0043] Analyzing the quantitative analysis results of the exhaust particulate matter to obtain the component types of the exhaust particulate matter;

[0044] Analyzing the components of each type of exhaust particulate matter to obtain the source type of each type of component;

[0045] Based on the components related to the source type of engine oil and the corresponding quantitative values, the particulate matter contribution factor and the corresponding contribution value range are determined;

[0046] A minimum value is selected from the contribution value range to assign a value to the corresponding particulate matter contribution factor, and a degradation factor is set for the particulate matter contribution factor to obtain a model of the contribution of engine oil to exhaust particulate matter, wherein the value range of the degradation factor is obtained based on the engine oil performance test results and the engine oil consumption.

[0047] In some embodiments, the component types of the exhaust particulate matter include oil substances, residual carbon, calcium carbonate, wear metals and inorganic salts, wherein the oil substances include alkanes above C44, the residual carbon includes loose carbon deposits and dense carbon deposits, and the inorganic substances include silicates, sulfates, phosphates, zinc oxide and magnesium oxide.

[0048] In some embodiments, the source types include motor oil, gasoline, dust, and metal shavings.

[0049] In some embodiments, the particulate matter contribution factors include base oil type, engine oil consumption, engine oil viscosity grade, and sulfated ash.

[0050] In a second aspect, a system for constructing a contribution model of engine exhaust particulate matter is provided, comprising:

[0051] The first module is configured to perform a testing process on different types of engine oil, the testing process comprising: testing the engine oil to obtain engine oil performance test results; injecting the engine oil into a gasoline engine, operating the gasoline engine under cyclic conditions, and collecting exhaust particulate matter; testing the exhaust particulate matter to obtain exhaust particulate matter quantitative analysis results; and obtaining engine oil consumption;

[0052] The second module is used to build a model of the contribution of engine oil to exhaust particulate matter based on the quantitative analysis results of exhaust particulate matter of various types of engine oil, engine oil performance test results and engine oil consumption.

[0053] In a third aspect, an application of a contribution model of engine exhaust particulate matter in predicting the contribution of a target engine oil to the composition of engine exhaust particulate matter is provided, wherein the contribution model is constructed using any of the above-described methods for constructing a contribution model of engine exhaust particulate matter.

[0054] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by this application include:

[0055] The embodiments of the present application provide a method, system and application for constructing a contribution model of engine exhaust particulate matter. Based on the quantitative analysis results of exhaust particulate matter, the results of engine oil performance testing and the engine oil consumption, the present application constructs a model of the contribution of engine oil to gasoline engine exhaust particulate matter, clarifies the oil-contributed particulate matter and the fuel-contributed particulate matter in the exhaust particulate matter emitted, and based on the model, it is possible to clearly summarize the influence of engine oil characteristics on particulate matter, so that the exhaust particulate matter emitted can be optimized in a targeted manner within a certain range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0057] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for constructing a contribution model for engine exhaust particulate matter provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] Figure 2 A block diagram of the system for constructing a contribution model for engine exhaust particulate matter provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0060] See also Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a method for constructing a contribution model of engine exhaust particulate matter, which includes the following steps:

[0061] 101: Perform a test procedure on different types of engine oil.

[0062] In step 101 , the type identification of the engine oil includes the base oil type and the engine oil viscosity grade, and the engine oil can be distinguished by the base oil type and the engine oil viscosity grade.

[0063] Among them, base oil types are mainly divided into mineral oil and synthetic oil.

[0064] The main oil viscosity grades studied are 0W-20, 0W-16, 0W-12, and 0W-8.

[0065] The testing process includes:

[0066] 1011: Test the engine oil to obtain the engine oil performance test results;

[0067] In the above step 1011, the testing of the engine oil includes: sulfate ash testing.

[0068] As an example, the engine oil performance test results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0069] Table 1

[0070]

[0071]

[0072] 1012: Inject engine oil into the gasoline engine, run the gasoline engine in a circulating state, and collect exhaust particulate matter.

[0073] In step 1012, there are many options for the gasoline engine. For example, as an example, it can be selected from any one of an inline three-cylinder, inline four-cylinder, inline six-cylinder and inline eight-cylinder engine. Since the current mainstream engine is a four-cylinder engine, preferably, the gasoline engine is an inline four-cylinder engine.

[0074] The gasoline engine does not carry a particulate filter GPF to avoid affecting the collection of particulate matter.

[0075] The displacement of the gasoline engine is 1 to 2L; preferably, the displacement of the gasoline engine is 1.4 to 1.5L.

[0076] The oil capacity of the gasoline engine is 3 to 8 L; preferably, the oil capacity of the gasoline engine is 4.2 L.

[0077] The cycle operating condition is a NEDC cycle operating condition or a WLTC cycle operating condition; preferably, the cycle operating condition is a WLTC cycle operating condition.

[0078] The number of cycles of the cyclic working condition is 5 to 10. Preferably, the number of cycles of the cyclic working condition is 8.

[0079] 1013: Detect the exhaust gas particulate matter to obtain a quantitative analysis result of the exhaust gas particulate matter.

[0080] As an example, the quantitative analysis results of exhaust particulate matter are shown in Table 2 below:

[0081] Table 2

[0082]

[0083] 1014: Get the engine oil consumption.

[0084] The oil volume before and after the cycle is measured. The difference between the two is the oil consumption, as shown in Table 3.

[0085] Table 3

[0086]

[0087] 102: Based on the quantitative analysis results of exhaust particulate matter of various types of engine oils, engine oil performance test results and engine oil consumption, a model of engine oil's contribution to exhaust particulate matter is constructed.

[0088] Based on the quantitative analysis results of exhaust particulate matter, engine oil performance test results and engine oil consumption, this application constructs a model of the contribution of engine oil to gasoline engine exhaust particulate matter, clarifies the oil-contributed particulate matter and fuel-contributed particulate matter in the emitted exhaust particulate matter, and according to the model, it is possible to clearly summarize the impact of engine oil characteristics on particulate matter, so that based on this, the emitted exhaust particulate matter can be optimized in a targeted manner within a certain range.

[0089] In the above step 1012, collecting exhaust particulate matter specifically includes the following steps:

[0090] 201: Setting up a collection device at the outlet of the exhaust pipe of the gasoline engine to collect the exhaust gas of the gasoline engine.

[0091] 202: The exhaust gas particles are intercepted by the filter paper set in the collection device. During the collection, multiple cycles are performed, multi-channel diversion collection is adopted, and an air pump is placed in front to reduce the problem of increased back pressure caused by particulate matter.

[0092] In the above step 202, there are multiple options for the type of filter paper used to intercept the exhaust particulate matter, which can be determined according to actual detection needs.

[0093] For example, as an example, the filter paper adopts any one of acrylonitrile film, polylactic acid film, polytetrafluoroethylene film, polyvinylidene fluoride film, PTFE film, and PPS film.

[0094] As for the PTFE-based membrane, it includes PTFE membrane (polytetrafluoroethylene membrane) and surface-modified PTFE membrane.

[0095] In order to effectively improve the efficiency of amplified collection and recovery of exhaust particulate matter, preferably, the PTFE-based membrane adopts a surface-modified PTFE membrane, and the surface of the surface-modified PTFE membrane has a hydrophilic membrane layer.

[0096] After extensive research, the applicant found that: First, the use of PTFE membrane as the filter base membrane in this application can avoid the contamination of the collected particles caused by the fibrosis and shedding of the filter membrane as much as possible during the filtration and interception process, as well as the extraction process of the exhaust particulate matter after interception. This is mainly because the existing glass fiber reinforced filter paper contains a large amount of anions and cations, which can easily cause great interference to the analysis results when the particulate matter is quantitatively analyzed; secondly, due to the high surface smoothness of the PTFE membrane, the exhaust particulate matter is completely fixed and retained on the interception surface of the filter membrane, causing it to fall off during the extraction process, and resulting in the final test results having a significant deviation from the actual results. Therefore, the surface-modified PTFE membrane modified by this application can form a highly viscous hydrophilic membrane layer on the surface. During the interception process, a hydration layer composed of water adsorbed by hydrophilic groups can be formed on the surface, thereby accelerating the passage of exhaust water in the subsequent interception process, and the formation of the hydrophilic membrane layer can further uniformize the pore size of the PTFE membrane, thereby improving the efficiency of the amplified collection and recovery of exhaust particulate matter.

[0097] The surface-modified PTFE membrane is prepared as follows: a PTFE membrane of desired size is cut and coated with a surface modifier solution to form a hydrophilic layer on the membrane surface. The membrane is then dried to obtain the surface-modified PTFE membrane. The coating can be applied only to the intercepting surface.

[0098] The drying temperature can be determined according to actual needs. For example, as an example, the drying temperature is 60-80°C.

[0099] During coating, the coating amount of the surface modifier solution is 10-50 mL / cm 2 Preferably, the coating amount of the surface modifier solution is 15 to 30 mL / cm 2 More preferably, the coating amount of the surface modifier solution is 20 mL / cm 2 .

[0100] The surface modifier solution is a solution obtained by dissolving the surface modifier in a solvent.

[0101] The surface modifier may be one or both of dopamine hydrochloride and tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine hydrochloride; the solvent may be one or both of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer and 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid, and the pH value may be 8.5 to 8.8.

[0102] In the surface modifier solution, the content of the surface modifier is 3-4 wt%.

[0103] After extensive research, the applicant found that by adjusting the coating amount of the surface modifier solution and the content of one or both of the surface modifiers, such as dopamine hydrochloride and 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid, in the solution, the exhaust particulate matter interception effect can be further significantly improved, thereby obtaining a more accurate contribution model result. The research results show that when the coating amount of the surface modifier solution is 20mL / cm 2 When the surface modifier content in the surface modifier solution is 3-4wt%, an adhesive film layer can be formed on the surface of the base PTFE membrane. The adhesive tension of the adhesive film layer shrinks the surface fibers of the fabric, improving the tightness and compressibility of the fabric while generating a large area of ​​fiber grooves with high roughness. When water comes into contact with it, a hydration layer is easily formed on the surface, enhancing the hydrophilic permeability of the fabric. At the same time, the fiber grooves with high roughness can use the grooves to hold water molecules in the air and fix them on the fiber surface for a long time. The formation of "water grooves" can fully wrap the exhaust particulate matter during the interception process, thereby forming an excellent exhaust particulate matter preservation effect. With the subsequent drying and heating steps, the exhaust particulate matter can be directly obtained after the water is lost.

[0104] In step 1013, the exhaust gas particulate matter is detected to obtain a quantitative analysis result of the exhaust gas particulate matter, which includes the following steps:

[0105] 301: Cut the filter paper for intercepting exhaust particulate matter to obtain a filter paper sample.

[0106] The specific number of pieces that need to be cut from the filter paper sample can be determined based on actual quantitative and qualitative analysis requirements. For example, as an example, two pieces can be cut.

[0107] After selecting appropriate filter paper, the filter paper is used to carry the exhaust gas particles to form filter paper with exhaust gas particles.

[0108] In order to minimize the interference of fibers on the test results, the mass fraction of glass fibers in the selected filter paper is lower than the design value, wherein the design value can be determined according to actual test needs.

[0109] For example, as an example, the mass fraction of glass fiber is 0, that is, the selected filter paper does not contain glass fiber to ensure minimal fiber shedding, reduce the interference of various elements contained in the filter paper itself on the detection of exhaust particulate matter elements, and the filtration and collection efficiency of the filter paper meet the requirements of current national emission regulations.

[0110] 302: Take a filter paper sample and perform thermogravimetric analysis to obtain a first quantitative analysis result.

[0111] In step 302 , a portion of the filter paper sample is taken and a thermogravimetric analysis method is used to perform a quantitative analysis on the filter paper sample, thereby obtaining a first quantitative analysis result on the exhaust particulate matter.

[0112] In step 302, a thermogravimetric analyzer is used to detect the filter paper sample, thereby performing qualitative and quantitative analysis on the organic and inorganic content of the exhaust particulate matter on the filter paper sample to obtain a first quantitative analysis result of the exhaust particulate matter.

[0113] The above-mentioned first quantitative analysis result can be determined in the form of a table, which includes the component types of the exhaust particulate matter and the quantitative data of each component.

[0114] It should be noted that the above-mentioned taking one filter paper sample does not strictly limit the use of only one filter paper sample for thermogravimetric analysis.

[0115] When using filter paper to carry exhaust gas particles to form filter paper with exhaust gas particles, the distribution of exhaust gas particles on the filter paper may not be uniform as in an ideal situation, that is, there may be certain differences.

[0116] When the filter paper with exhaust particulate matter is cut into several filter paper samples for testing, there may be certain differences in the quantitative data of each component when different filter paper samples are selected for thermogravimetric analysis. Therefore, the number of filter paper samples used for thermogravimetric analysis can be determined according to the actual quantitative and qualitative analysis needs. For example, as an example, multiple filter paper samples can be taken and thermogravimetric analysis can be performed separately. The quantitative analysis results of the exhaust particulate matter obtained from each filter paper sample can be averaged, thereby reducing the differences in quantitative analysis results caused by the uneven distribution of exhaust particulate matter.

[0117] 303: Taking another filter paper sample for extraction, and performing qualitative analysis on the extract to obtain a qualitative analysis result, and performing quantitative analysis on the extracted filter paper sample to obtain a second quantitative analysis result.

[0118] In step 303, another filter paper sample is taken and washed with a solvent at room temperature to obtain an extract and an extracted filter paper sample.

[0119] Under normal temperature conditions, the filter paper sample is eluted with a solvent. On the one hand, since the filter paper sample is eluted with a solvent, the solvent is allowed to slowly permeate the filter paper sample before collecting the extract, rather than immersing the filter paper sample in the solvent. There is no need to collect the extract by condensation reflux. Therefore, the risk of insoluble tiny particles falling off the filter paper sample can be reduced, avoiding affecting the extract. At the same time, it can also ensure that the organic matter adsorbed in the solid particles is fully extracted, which can reduce the loss of motor vehicle exhaust particulate matter on the filter paper sample to a certain extent. On the other hand, the filter paper sample is eluted with a solvent at normal temperature, which can reduce the risk of loss of substances that are easily decomposed or volatile when heated. At the same time, it also reduces the probability of organic matter in the filter paper sample itself being extracted due to long-term high-temperature immersion, avoiding affecting the final quantitative analysis results. Therefore, under normal temperature conditions, the filter paper sample is eluted with a solvent to obtain an extract, which is suitable for full-component quantitative analysis of trace solid foreign matter.

[0120] The normal temperature is 23±2°C.

[0121] The solvent used for elution is a solvent that is volatile at room temperature. There are many options for such a solvent that is volatile at room temperature. For example, as an example, the solvent is chloroform. For another example, the solvent is toluene. Of course, chloroform is preferably used because chloroform has excellent volatility at room temperature.

[0122] It should be noted that the "again" in "taking another sample of the filter paper" does not mean that the filter paper sample in step 303 is taken after the sample in step 302. The "again" in "taking another sample of the filter paper" is used to distinguish between the two. Therefore, there is no strict order in which the thermogravimetric analysis in step 302 and the extraction in step 303 can be performed, and they do not affect each other.

[0123] It should be noted that the aforementioned taking another filter paper sample does not strictly limit the use of only one filter paper sample for extraction.

[0124] When using filter paper to carry exhaust gas particles to form filter paper with exhaust gas particles, the distribution of exhaust gas particles on the filter paper may not be uniform as in an ideal situation, that is, there may be certain differences.

[0125] When the filter paper containing motor vehicle exhaust particulate matter is cut into several filter paper samples for testing, different filter paper samples may be selected for extraction, and when the obtained extract and the extracted filter paper samples are used for qualitative and quantitative analysis, the quantitative data of each component will have certain differences. Therefore, the number of filter paper samples used for extraction can be determined according to the actual quantitative and qualitative analysis needs. For example, as an example, multiple filter paper samples can be taken and extracted separately, and the quantitative analysis results of the exhaust particulate matter obtained from each filter paper sample can be averaged, thereby reducing the difference in quantitative analysis results caused by the uneven distribution of exhaust particulate matter.

[0126] In step 303, the extract is qualitatively analyzed, including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A quantitative analysis of the extracted filter paper sample is performed, including field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy.

[0127] Specifically, a certain amount of extract is taken and detected and analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer and a pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Combined with the test results of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometer and the pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, the qualitative results of the organic matter on the filter paper sample can be determined.

[0128] The extracted filter paper sample is subjected to field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy spectrometer detection to preliminarily determine the type of metal elements on the filter paper sample; based on the preliminarily determined type of metal elements, the extracted filter paper sample is subjected to inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy analysis to obtain a second quantitative analysis result.

[0129] 304: Obtain a quantitative analysis result of exhaust gas particulate matter based on the first quantitative analysis result, the qualitative analysis result, and the second quantitative analysis result.

[0130] In the above step 301, the filter paper is cut into a plurality of filter paper samples. There are many ways to cut the filter paper.

[0131] For example, as an example, the filter paper can be cut radially into a number of equally divided fan-shaped filter paper samples.

[0132] For another example, the following method can be used for cutting, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0133] 401: Taking the center of the filter paper with exhaust particulate matter as the center of the circle, divide the radius of the filter paper with exhaust particulate matter into two equal halves, and cut them to obtain a circular filter paper sample and a ring-shaped crude filter paper sample. The radius of the circular filter paper sample is equal to the radial width of the ring-shaped crude filter paper sample.

[0134] 402: Divide the radial width of the obtained crude circular filter paper sample into equal parts according to the required number of circular filter paper samples, and cut them to obtain the final required circular filter paper samples, where the radial width of each circular filter paper sample is equal.

[0135] The reason for this cutting method is that, from an aerodynamic perspective, filter paper samples of the same radius are assumed to have the same distribution of exhaust particles during the particle collection process. The filter paper sample in the middle circle is used for extraction, while the filter paper samples of the same radius are used for other analyses. Since samples at different points on the same sample are identical, different test results can be cross-correlated, resulting in more accurate quantitative results.

[0136] For example, as an example, the radius of the filter paper with exhaust particulate matter is 3 cm, and three filter paper samples are required, including one circular filter paper sample and two ring-shaped filter paper samples.

[0137] First, the radius of the filter paper with exhaust gas particles is divided into two halves and cut to obtain a circular filter paper sample with a radius of 1.5 cm and a rough circular filter paper sample with a radial width of 1.5 cm.

[0138] The crude circular filter paper sample with a radial width of 1.5 cm was then divided equally along its radial width and cut to obtain two circular filter paper samples with a radial width of 0.75 cm each.

[0139] Among them, the circular filter paper sample is quantitatively analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis; the circular filter paper sample is eluted with a solvent to obtain an extract and a filter paper sample after extraction.

[0140] In step 102, based on the quantitative analysis results of exhaust particulate matter of various types of engine oils, the engine oil performance test results, and the engine oil consumption, a model of the engine oil's contribution to exhaust particulate matter is constructed, specifically including:

[0141] 501: Analyze the exhaust gas particulate matter quantitative analysis results in combination with Table 2 to obtain the component types of the exhaust gas particulate matter.

[0142] As can be seen from Table 2, the types of components include oil substances, residual carbon, calcium carbonate, wear metals and inorganic salts. Among them, the oil substances are mainly alkanes above C44, the residual carbon includes loose carbon deposits and dense carbon deposits, and the inorganic substances include silicates, sulfates, phosphates, zinc oxide and magnesium oxide.

[0143] 502: Analyze various components of the exhaust particulate matter to obtain source types of the various components, where the source types include engine oil, gasoline, dust, and metal shavings.

[0144] Generally speaking, alkanes above C44 are produced by incomplete combustion of engine oil and are related to the base oil type of the engine oil.

[0145] Loose carbon deposits are produced by the engine oil involved in combustion and are related to the oil content entering the combustion chamber, that is, the oil consumption.

[0146] Dense carbon deposits are produced by the combustion of gasoline.

[0147] Metal grinding comes from the wear of the friction pair surface, and the wear elements that enter the engine oil are related to the viscosity of the engine oil.

[0148] Calcium carbonate is associated with dust.

[0149] Inorganic salts are associated with the sulfated ash content of motor oil.

[0150] 503: Based on components related to the source type of engine oil and corresponding quantitative values, determine a particulate matter contribution factor and a corresponding contribution value range.

[0151] From Table 2, the components related to the source type of engine oil include alkanes above C44, loose carbon deposits, metal debris and inorganic matter.

[0152] Alkanes above C44 are related to the base oil type, loose carbon deposits are related to oil consumption, metal debris is related to oil viscosity, and inorganic salts are related to the sulfate ash content of the oil.

[0153] Therefore, the PM contribution factor can be determined as base oil type, oil consumption, oil viscosity grade, and sulfated ash.

[0154] At the same time, based on the various types of engine oil in Table 2, the contribution value range can be roughly determined.

[0155] As an example, see Table 4 below:

[0156] Table 4

[0157]

[0158]

[0159] It should be noted that since the exhaust particulate matter content is very low, the values ​​in Table 2 are all approximate values. For example, the residual carbon value of "~80%" means that the residual carbon mass fraction is approximately 80%, or around 80%. Therefore, based on this situation, the values ​​in Table 2 are analyzed before the values ​​in Table 4 are determined, and the values ​​in Table 4 are also approximate values.

[0160] It should be noted that although these are approximate values, they do not affect the present application's discussion of the contribution of engine oil performance to engine particulate matter emissions based on these approximate values.

[0161] 504: Select a minimum value from the contribution value range to assign a value to the corresponding particulate matter contribution factor, and set a degradation factor for the particulate matter contribution factor to obtain a model of the contribution of engine oil to exhaust particulate matter, wherein the value range of the degradation factor is obtained based on the engine oil performance test results and the engine oil consumption.

[0162] The smaller the contribution value, the less it contributes to exhaust particulate matter, indicating a better engine oil. Therefore, assigning the minimum value to the particulate matter contribution factor is the optimal solution. Meanwhile, as shown in Table 4, the particulate matter contribution factor is complex. To make the model more accurate, a degradation factor correction method is used to construct the final model.

[0163] Referring to Table 4, for base oil type, the minimum value is 2.3%; for engine oil consumption, the minimum value is 1%; for engine oil viscosity grade, the minimum value is 0.7%; and for sulfated ash, the minimum value is 13%.

[0164] In this way, the contribution model of engine oil to exhaust particulate matter is established as follows:

[0165] A=2.3%b+1%c+0.7%d+13%e.

[0166] Then, based on the oil performance test results in Table 1 and the oil consumption in Table 3, the value range of the degradation factor is determined:

[0167] Where b is the degradation factor of different types of base oils. When the base oil type is synthetic oil, b = 1; when the base oil type is mineral oil, b = 1.4 to 1.6;

[0168] Where c is the degradation factor for different oil consumption levels. When oil consumption is ≤0.1% of gasoline, c = 1; when the ratio is between 0.1% and 0.5%, c = 1.1-1.5; and when the ratio is between 0.5% and 1%, c = 1.6-2. It should be noted that when oil consumption exceeds 1% of gasoline, normal engine combustion is affected.

[0169] Where d is the degradation factor for different oil viscosity grades. When the oil viscosity grade is 20, d = 1; when the oil viscosity grade is 16, d = 2.1-2.3; when the oil viscosity grade is 12, d = 2.4-2.5; when the oil viscosity grade is 8, d = 2.7-2.9.

[0170] Where e is the degradation factor for different sulfated ash contents. When the sulfated ash content is less than 0.5% Wt (low ash), e = 1; when the sulfated ash content is between 0.6-0.8% Wt (medium ash), e = 1.07-1.14; when the sulfated ash content is above 0.8% Wt (high ash), d = 1.15-1.3.

[0171] See also Figure 2 As shown, the embodiment of the present application further provides a system for constructing a contribution model of engine exhaust particulate matter, which includes a first module and a second module, wherein:

[0172] The first module is used to perform a testing process on different types of engine oil, the testing process including: testing the engine oil to obtain engine oil performance test results; injecting the engine oil into a gasoline engine, causing the gasoline engine to operate in a cyclical condition, and collecting exhaust gas particulate matter; testing the exhaust gas particulate matter to obtain exhaust gas particulate matter quantitative analysis results; and obtaining engine oil consumption.

[0173] The second module is used to build a model of the contribution of engine oil to exhaust particulate matter based on the quantitative analysis results of exhaust particulate matter of various types of engine oil, engine oil performance test results and engine oil consumption.

[0174] Example 1

[0175] A method for constructing a contribution model of engine exhaust particulate matter includes the following steps:

[0176] 101: Perform a test procedure on different types of engine oil.

[0177] The testing process includes:

[0178] 1011: Test the engine oil to obtain the engine oil performance test results;

[0179] In the above step 1011, the testing of the engine oil includes: sulfate ash testing.

[0180] The engine oil used was SN+0W-20(III) (high ash), and the engine oil performance test results are shown in Table 1 above.

[0181] 1012: Inject engine oil into the gasoline engine, run the gasoline engine in a circulating state, and collect exhaust particulate matter.

[0182] Gasoline engine specifications: The gasoline engine does not carry a gasoline particulate filter (GPF); the gasoline engine is an inline four-cylinder engine; the gasoline engine displacement is 1.476; the gasoline engine oil capacity is 4.2L.

[0183] The specific operations of the cyclic operating condition and the amplified collection of exhaust gas particulate matter are: setting up a collection device at the exhaust pipe outlet of the gasoline engine, collecting the gasoline engine exhaust, and intercepting the particulate matter through the filter paper set in the collection device.

[0184] The operating cycle is the WLTC operating cycle; the number of cycles of the WLTC operating cycle is 8 times.

[0185] The filter paper is a surface-modified PTFE membrane. The preparation steps of the surface-modified PTFE membrane include the following: (1) cutting and selecting the PTFE membrane of the desired size; (2) preparing a surface modifier solution, spraying the surface modifier solution on the intercepting surface of the PTFE membrane through a spraying device, and drying the surface modifier solution after spraying. The drying temperature is 72°C, and the spraying amount of the surface modifier solution is 20mL / cm 2 .

[0186] The surface modifier solution is a solution obtained by dissolving the surface modifier in a solvent.

[0187] The surface modifier is dopamine hydrochloride, the solvent is tris (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer solution with a pH value of 8.6, and the content of dopamine hydrochloride is 3.5 wt%.

[0188] 1013: Detect the exhaust gas particulate matter to obtain a quantitative analysis result of the exhaust gas particulate matter.

[0189] The filter paper for intercepting exhaust particulate matter is cut to obtain a filter paper sample.

[0190] A sample of the filter paper was taken for thermogravimetric analysis to obtain a first quantitative analysis result.

[0191] Another filter paper sample is extracted, and the extract is qualitatively analyzed to obtain a qualitative analysis result. The extracted filter paper sample is then quantitatively analyzed to obtain a second quantitative analysis result. The qualitative analysis of the extract includes gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The quantitative analysis of the extracted filter paper sample includes field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy.

[0192] Based on the first quantitative analysis result, the qualitative analysis result and the second quantitative analysis result, a quantitative analysis result of the exhaust particulate matter is obtained.

[0193] The results of the quantitative analysis of exhaust particulate matter are shown in Table 2 above.

[0194] 1014: Get the engine oil consumption.

[0195] The oil consumption is shown in Table 3.

[0196] 102: Based on the quantitative analysis results of exhaust particulate matter of various types of engine oils, engine oil performance test results and engine oil consumption, a model of engine oil's contribution to exhaust particulate matter is constructed.

[0197] The obtained contribution model of engine oil to exhaust particulate matter is: A=2.3%b+1%c+0.7%d+13%e.

[0198] Then, based on the oil performance test results in Table 1 and the oil consumption in Table 3, the value range of the degradation factor is determined:

[0199] Where b is the degradation factor of different types of base oils. When the base oil type is synthetic oil, b = 1; when the base oil type is mineral oil, b = 1.4 to 1.6;

[0200] Where c is the degradation factor for different oil consumption levels. When oil consumption is ≤0.1% of gasoline, c = 1; when the ratio is between 0.1% and 0.5%, c = 1.1-1.5; and when the ratio is between 0.5% and 1%, c = 1.6-2. It should be noted that when oil consumption exceeds 1% of gasoline, normal engine combustion is affected.

[0201] Where d is the degradation factor for different oil viscosity grades. When the oil viscosity grade is 20, d = 1; when the oil viscosity grade is 16, d = 2.1-2.3; when the oil viscosity grade is 12, d = 2.4-2.5; when the oil viscosity grade is 8, d = 2.7-2.9.

[0202] Where e is the degradation factor for different sulfated ash contents. When the sulfated ash content is less than 0.5% Wt (low ash), e = 1; when the sulfated ash content is between 0.6-0.8% Wt (medium ash), e = 1.07-1.14; when the sulfated ash content is above 0.8% Wt (high ash), d = 1.15-1.3.

[0203] Example 2

[0204] The specific implementation of this embodiment is the same as that of Example 1, except that: the test base oil type is synthetic oil C5+0W-20 (PAO) (high ash); a=1.

[0205] Comparative Example 1

[0206] The specific implementation of this comparative example is the same as that of Example 1, except that the filter paper uses an ordinary PTFE membrane.

[0207] Comparative Example 2

[0208] The specific implementation of this comparative example is the same as that of Example 1, except that the content of dopamine hydrochloride is 1 wt %.

[0209] Comparative Example 3

[0210] The specific implementation of this comparative example is the same as that of Example 1, except that the filter paper uses ordinary PAN film.

[0211] Performance comparison: The exhaust gas was collected using the schemes of the embodiment and the comparative example. Based on the collection of the same amount of particulate matter, the collection efficiency percentage values ​​of Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 compared with Example 1 were calculated. A higher percentage value indicates a lower efficiency. Ratio = (time to complete the collection of particulate matter in Example 2 or Comparative Examples 1 to 3 / time to complete the collection of particulate matter in Example 1) × 100%. The results were averaged over 5 tests and recorded in Table 5.

[0212] Table 5

[0213] Example Collection efficiency percentage value Example 1 100％ Example 2 100％ Comparative Example 1 163％ Comparative Example 2 127％ Comparative Example 3 -(Collects particulate matter including more impurity fibers)

[0214] From the results in Table 5 above, compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 1 has a collection efficiency percentage of 163% and a too long time to complete the collection of particulate matter because it uses an ordinary PTFE membrane instead of the surface-modified PTFE membrane provided by the present application. This indicates that the surface-modified PTFE membrane of the present application can improve the particle collection efficiency and shorten the collection time.

[0215] In Comparative Example 2, the dopamine hydrochloride content was 1 wt %, which reduced the dopamine hydrochloride content. Consequently, the modification effect was slightly worse than in Example 1, resulting in a slightly longer collection time in Comparative Example 2. Therefore, a suitable dopamine hydrochloride content can also help shorten the collection time. In this application, a content of 3 to 4 wt % is preferred.

[0216] Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 3 uses a common PAN membrane, and the collected particles contain more impurity fibers, which have a greater impact on the results.

[0217] It can be seen from the examples and comparative examples that the present application constructs a model of the contribution of engine oil to gasoline engine exhaust particulate matter based on the quantitative analysis results of exhaust particulate matter, the oil performance test results and the oil consumption, and clarifies the oil-contributed particulate matter and fuel-contributed particulate matter in the emitted exhaust particulate matter. According to the model, it is possible to clearly summarize the impact of engine oil characteristics on particulate matter, so that based on this, the emitted exhaust particulate matter can be optimized in a targeted manner within a certain range.

[0218] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper" and "lower" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application. Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be internal communication between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0219] It should be noted that, in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element.

[0220] The foregoing is merely a list of specific embodiments of the present application, intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is intended to conform to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a contribution model of engine exhaust particulate matter, characterized in that: It includes: A testing procedure was performed on different types of engine oils, the testing procedure including: - Test the engine oil to obtain the engine oil performance test results; --Inject engine oil into the gasoline engine, run the gasoline engine in a cycle, and collect exhaust particulate matter; - Detecting the exhaust particulate matter to obtain a quantitative analysis result of the exhaust particulate matter; ——Get engine oil consumption; Based on the quantitative analysis results of exhaust particulate matter of various types of engine oil, engine oil performance test results and engine oil consumption, a model of engine oil's contribution to exhaust particulate matter was constructed; The engine oil testing includes: sulfate ash testing; the engine oil type identification includes base oil type and engine oil viscosity grade; The detecting of the exhaust particulate matter to obtain a quantitative analysis result of the exhaust particulate matter comprises the following steps: Cutting the filter paper for intercepting exhaust particulate matter to obtain a filter paper sample; Taking a filter paper sample for thermogravimetric analysis to obtain a first quantitative analysis result; Taking another filter paper sample for extraction, and performing qualitative analysis on the extract to obtain a qualitative analysis result, and performing quantitative analysis on the extracted filter paper sample to obtain a second quantitative analysis result; Obtaining a quantitative analysis result of exhaust particulate matter based on the first quantitative analysis result, the qualitative analysis result, and the second quantitative analysis result; The method of constructing a model of the contribution of engine oil to exhaust particulate matter based on the quantitative analysis results of exhaust particulate matter of various types of engine oil, engine oil performance test results, and engine oil consumption includes the following steps: Analyzing the quantitative analysis results of the exhaust particulate matter to obtain the component types of the exhaust particulate matter; Analyzing the components of each type of exhaust particulate matter to obtain the source type of each type of component; Based on the components and corresponding quantitative values ​​associated with engine oil as the source type, the PM contribution factor and its corresponding contribution value range are determined; the PM contribution factor includes base oil type, engine oil consumption, engine oil viscosity grade, and sulfated ash content; A minimum value is selected from the contribution value range to assign a value to the corresponding particulate matter contribution factor, and a degradation factor is set for the particulate matter contribution factor to obtain a model of the contribution of engine oil to exhaust particulate matter, wherein the value range of the degradation factor is obtained based on the engine oil performance test results and the engine oil consumption.

2. The method for constructing a contribution model for engine exhaust particulate matter according to claim 1, wherein: The gasoline engine is selected from one of an inline three-cylinder, inline four-cylinder, inline six-cylinder and inline eight-cylinder engine; And / or, the gasoline engine does not carry a particulate filter GPF; And / or, the displacement of the gasoline engine is 1-2L; And / or, the oil capacity of the gasoline engine is 3 to 8 L; And / or, the cycle operating condition is a NEDC cycle operating condition or a WLTC cycle operating condition; And / or, the number of cycles of the cyclic working condition is 5 to 10 times.

3. The method for constructing a contribution model of engine exhaust particulate matter according to claim 1, wherein: Collect exhaust particulate matter, including: Setting up a collection device at the exhaust pipe outlet of the gasoline engine; The exhaust gas particles are intercepted by the filter paper provided in the collection device.

4. The method for constructing a contribution model for engine exhaust particulate matter according to claim 3, wherein: The filter paper adopts PTFE membrane.

5. The method for constructing a contribution model of engine exhaust particulate matter according to claim 4, characterized in that: The PTFE-based membrane is a surface-modified PTFE membrane, and the surface of the surface-modified PTFE membrane has a hydrophilic membrane layer.

6. The method for constructing a contribution model of engine exhaust particulate matter according to claim 5, characterized in that: The preparation method of the surface-modified PTFE membrane is as follows: A PTFE membrane is obtained, and a surface modifier solution is coated on the PTFE membrane to form a hydrophilic membrane layer on the surface of the PTFE membrane, and then a drying treatment is performed to obtain a surface-modified PTFE membrane.

7. The method for constructing a contribution model of engine exhaust particulate matter according to claim 6, wherein: The drying temperature is 60~80℃; And / or, in the surface modifier solution, the surface modifier is one or both of dopamine hydrochloride and tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine hydrochloride; And / or, in the surface modifier solution, the solvent is one or both of tris (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer solution with a pH value of 8.5 to 8.8 and 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid.

8. The method for constructing a contribution model of engine exhaust particulate matter according to claim 6, wherein: The coating amount of the surface modifier solution is 10~50mL / cm 2 .

9. The method for constructing a contribution model of engine exhaust particulate matter according to claim 8, wherein: The coating amount of the surface modifier solution is 20 mL / cm 2 .

10. The method for constructing a contribution model of engine exhaust particulate matter according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that: In the surface modifier solution, the content of the surface modifier is 3-4 wt%.

11. The method for constructing a contribution model of engine exhaust particulate matter according to claim 1, wherein: Performing qualitative analysis on the extract, including: performing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and thermal pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis on the extract; The extracted filter paper sample is quantitatively analyzed, including: field emission scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer detection and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry analysis.

12. The method for constructing a contribution model of engine exhaust particulate matter according to claim 1, wherein: The components of the exhaust particulate matter include oil substances, residual carbon, calcium carbonate, wear metals and inorganic salts, among which the oil substances include alkanes above C44, the residual carbon includes loose carbon deposits and dense carbon deposits, and the inorganic substances include silicates, sulfates, phosphates, zinc oxide and magnesium oxide.

13. The method for constructing a contribution model of engine exhaust particulate matter according to claim 1, wherein: Source types include motor oil, gasoline, dust, and metal shavings.

14. A system for constructing a contribution model of engine exhaust particulate matter, characterized in that: It includes: The first module is configured to perform a testing process on different types of engine oil, the testing process comprising: testing the engine oil to obtain engine oil performance test results; injecting the engine oil into a gasoline engine, operating the gasoline engine under cyclic conditions, and collecting exhaust particulate matter; testing the exhaust particulate matter to obtain exhaust particulate matter quantitative analysis results; and obtaining engine oil consumption; The second module is used to build a model of the contribution of engine oil to exhaust particulate matter based on the quantitative analysis results of exhaust particulate matter of various types of engine oil, engine oil performance test results, and engine oil consumption; The engine oil testing includes: sulfate ash testing; the engine oil type identification includes base oil type and engine oil viscosity grade; The detecting of the exhaust particulate matter to obtain a quantitative analysis result of the exhaust particulate matter includes: Cutting the filter paper for intercepting exhaust particulate matter to obtain a filter paper sample; Taking a filter paper sample for thermogravimetric analysis to obtain a first quantitative analysis result; Taking another filter paper sample for extraction, and performing qualitative analysis on the extract to obtain a qualitative analysis result, and performing quantitative analysis on the extracted filter paper sample to obtain a second quantitative analysis result; Obtaining a quantitative analysis result of exhaust particulate matter based on the first quantitative analysis result, the qualitative analysis result, and the second quantitative analysis result; The model of the contribution of engine oil to exhaust particulate matter is constructed based on the quantitative analysis results of exhaust particulate matter of various types of engine oil, engine oil performance test results, and engine oil consumption, including: Analyzing the quantitative analysis results of the exhaust particulate matter to obtain the component types of the exhaust particulate matter; Analyzing the components of each type of exhaust particulate matter to obtain the source type of each type of component; Based on the components and corresponding quantitative values ​​associated with engine oil as the source type, the PM contribution factor and its corresponding contribution value range are determined; the PM contribution factor includes base oil type, engine oil consumption, engine oil viscosity grade, and sulfated ash content; A minimum value is selected from the contribution value range to assign a value to the corresponding particulate matter contribution factor, and a degradation factor is set for the particulate matter contribution factor to obtain a model of the contribution of engine oil to exhaust particulate matter, wherein the value range of the degradation factor is obtained based on the engine oil performance test results and the engine oil consumption.

15. Application of a contribution model for engine exhaust particulate matter in predicting the contribution of a target engine oil to the composition of engine exhaust particulate matter, wherein: The contribution model is constructed using the method for constructing a contribution model of engine exhaust particulate matter as described in any one of claims 1 to 13.

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