A lubricating and cooling device and method for a planetary gear power assembly

Abstract

This invention relates to a lubricating and cooling device and method for a planetary gear power assembly, belonging to the field of aircraft power. The device disclosed in this invention includes: a lubricating oil tank (6), a first grate (91), a second grate (92), a third grate (93), an oil inlet pipe, an oil outlet pipe, a planetary transmission mechanism, and an auxiliary motor. The lubricating oil tank (6) utilizes multiple grates to form a common cavity structure for the bearing, gear, and auxiliary motor. After entering the oil inlet pipe, the lubricating oil is divided into three paths through the first nozzle, the second nozzle, and the third nozzle, respectively lubricating and cooling the bearing, the auxiliary motor, and the gears of the planetary transmission mechanism. The cavity wall at the front end of the lubricating oil tank (6) undergoes convective heat exchange with the inlet airflow. This invention employs a common cavity structure for the bearing, gear, and auxiliary motor, and constructs multiple lubricating and cooling paths for the lubricating oil. By using grates to seal the annular cavity of the dual rotating components, the lubricating oil lubrication and cooling problem during transmission is solved, improving the efficiency and durability of the transmission mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a lubricating and cooling device and method for a planetary gear power assembly, belonging to the field of aircraft power. Background Technology

[0002] Vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) high-speed aircraft can, like traditional helicopters, rapidly deploy troops and supplies to harsh combat areas without the need for dedicated airports and runways. They can also launch surprise attacks from behind obstacles, offering excellent camouflage and making them difficult for the enemy to detect, thus significantly improving battlefield survivability. Furthermore, they can utilize their superior low-speed performance for staring reconnaissance. Like fixed-wing aircraft, they can also cruise long distances at high speeds, rapidly reaching mission airspace, precisely striking specific targets, and then quickly withdrawing, exhibiting extremely high maneuverability. Therefore, VTOL high-speed aircraft fully meet the requirements of "rapid support and agile strike," and can effectively satisfy the future operational needs of our military.

[0003] The key to improving the durability of high-speed vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft lies in solving the lubrication and cooling problems of transmission and mode switching mechanisms. Regarding the bearing lubrication and cooling issues of conventional engines, the invention patent with authorization number ZL 110056430 B proposes a bearing common cavity lubrication and inter-shaft sealing device and a dual-rotor aero-engine. The high-pressure rotor bearing and the low-pressure rotor bearing are located in a common cavity, thus simultaneously achieving lubrication and sealing of both the high-pressure and low-pressure rotors through the bearing common cavity lubrication and inter-shaft sealing device, ensuring stable operation of both rotors. The invention patent with publication number CN115288855 A proposes a compact bearing common cavity support and bearing lubrication flow path structure for a dual-rotor turbine. The bearing cooling nozzles of this structure are connected to the bearing housing mounting base, spraying lubricating oil onto the engine rotor tie rod and power shaft. Utilizing centrifugal force, the bearing is cooled around the entire ring through under-ring oil supply, ensuring good bearing cooling under large engine attitudes. However, both invention patents address the problem of sealing the oil circuit when one end rotates and the other end is stationary. To achieve lubrication and cooling of the fan engine with mode switching capability, it is also necessary to solve the problems of high heat generation of the auxiliary motor, lubrication sealing of the dual rotating parts, and how to compactly install the lubrication system.

[0004] A corresponding lubrication system needs to be designed, involving oil supply, cooling and dual rotating component sealing, to simultaneously solve the lubrication and cooling problems of bearings-gears-auxiliary motors in shaft fan engines, and ultimately improve engine durability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a lubrication and cooling device and method for a planetary gear power assembly, aiming to solve the lubrication and cooling problem of bearings, gears, and auxiliary motors in a fan-driven engine. It employs a structure with a zero-clearance interference fit between one end and the rotating component, and a grate-like structure at the other end to solve the sealing problem of the two rotating components. Multiple grate seals and the lubrication box form a common cavity structure for the bearings, gears, and auxiliary motors, constructing multiple lubrication and cooling paths for the lubricating oil, respectively lubricating and cooling the bearings, gears, and auxiliary motors. Simultaneously, the airflow from the engine inlet is used to cool the outer wall of the lubrication box, improving the efficiency and durability of the transmission mechanism.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] An oil lubrication and cooling device for a planetary gear power assembly includes: an oil lubrication tank, a first grate, a second grate, a third grate, an oil inlet pipe, an oil outlet pipe, a planetary transmission mechanism, and an auxiliary motor. The first grate is located between the front end face of the oil lubrication tank and the rotating ring. The first grate and the rotating ring have a clearance-free interference fit and rotate together. A fan is located on the outer side of the outer ring of the planetary carrier. The third grate is located between the rear end face of the oil lubrication tank and the outer side of the inner ring of the planetary carrier. The third grate and the outer side of the inner ring of the planetary carrier have a clearance-free interference fit and rotate together with the planetary carrier. The second grate is located between the inner side of the inner ring of the planetary carrier and the rotating ring. The second grate and the rotating ring have a clearance-free interference fit and rotate together with the rotating ring. The oil lubrication tank, the first grate, the second grate, and the third grate constitute a... The enclosed bearing-gear-auxiliary motor shared cavity structure features a zero-clearance interference fit between one end and the rotating component, while the other end employs a grate structure to solve the sealing problem of the two rotating components. An oil inlet pipe is located above the lubrication tank, and an oil outlet pipe is located at the bottom of the lubrication tank. A first nozzle is located between the first and second bearings of the second output shaft on the oil inlet pipe. A second nozzle is located on the inner wall of the end face of the oil inlet pipe near the front flow channel. A third nozzle is located at the connecting bearing between the planetary gear and the planetary carrier. Oil guide grooves are located on the inner wall of the end face of the lubrication tank near the front flow channel, leading to each stator support. The end face of the lubrication tank near the front flow channel can be completely disassembled, facilitating troubleshooting of gears, power output shafts, and auxiliary motors, and enabling component replacement.

[0008] The lubrication and cooling device for a planetary gear power assembly is characterized by its rotating support relationship, which has the following features:

[0009] Multiple hubless supports are provided on the inner wall of the outer ring of the lubricating oil box. The ends of the hubless supports are provided with rolling bearings. The multiple rolling bearings and the sun gear constitute a double rotation support structure of the power component. The multiple hubless supports provided on the inner wall of the outer ring of the lubricating oil box solve the problems of difficult and costly processing of large bearing supports.

[0010] The method for lubricating and cooling a planetary gear power assembly with lubricating oil is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0011] ① After being pressurized by the oil pump, the lubricating oil is injected from the oil inlet pipe located above the lubricating oil tank. It then passes through three nozzles and is distributed in three separate paths to lubricate and cool the bearings, auxiliary motor, and gears.

[0012] ② The first stream flows through the first nozzle to the surface of the sleeve and the oil groove. Under the action of the centrifugal force of the second output shaft, it flows to the inner rings of the first and second bearings on both sides. Under the rotation of the bearings, it is thrown to the outer ring. That is, the under-ring oil supply technology is used to fully lubricate and cool the bearings. Excess lubricating oil overflows onto the rotating ring. Due to the convective heat transfer of the airflow in the inner duct of the rotating ring, the lubricating oil after lubricating and cooling the bearings will be cooled on the rotating ring and finally flow to the bottom of the lubricating oil box.

[0013] ③ The second path passes through the second nozzle and flows into the oil guide groove provided on the inner wall of the end face of the lubricating oil box near the front flow channel, and flows to each stator support to cool the auxiliary motor and lubricate the bearings between the rotor and stator of the cooling motor.

[0014] ④ The third path passes through the third nozzle and sprays onto the inner ring of the connecting bearing between the planetary gear and the planetary carrier. Under the action of centrifugal force, it overflows from the outer ring of the bearing and flows to the meshing area of ​​the planetary gear and the sun gear under the action of gravity. Due to the rotation of the gears, the lubricating oil will evenly moisturize the sun gear, planetary gear and gear ring. Excess lubricating oil overflows from the meshing area and flows to the rotating ring for cooling. It accumulates on the lower ring surface of the rotating ring and drips onto the auxiliary motor, electromagnetic clutch and gear ring.

[0015] ⑤ After the three channels respectively lubricate and cool the bearings, auxiliary motors and gears, the oil converges at the bottom of the lubrication tank and is drawn away from the oil outlet pipe;

[0016] ⑥ If the cooling effect of the rotating ring has met the standard and the oil tank temperature is controlled within the rated operating temperature of the bearing-gear-auxiliary motor (rated operating temperature is 100-200℃), the lubricating oil flowing through the lubrication box will return directly to the oil source. If the bearing-gear-motor cooled by the rotating ring is still higher than the rated operating temperature, the lubricating oil at the oil outlet will exchange heat with the engine fuel through convection.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are: the use of a common cavity for bearings, gears, and auxiliary motors solves the sealing problem; multi-channel oil supply and under-ring oil supply solve the lubrication problem; multiple hubless supports on the inner wall of the outer ring of the lubrication box solve the problem of difficult and costly machining of large bearing supports; convective heat transfer of the rotating ring wall and fuel-oil heat transfer solve the lubrication cooling problem; the use of a structure with a zero-clearance interference fit between one end and the rotating component and a grate on the other end solves the sealing problem of the dual rotating components; and the transmission mechanism is located at the inner supercharger impeller disk where the temperature is lower, thus solving the problems arising from the operation of the power components in high-temperature and high-speed environments while improving the durability of the power components. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the transmission mechanism, mode conversion mechanism, and lubricating oil tank in the turboshaft / turbofan mode of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 The rotating support structure of the present invention (the end face of the lubricating oil tank near the front flow channel is hidden).

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the oil guide groove on the inner wall of the lubricating oil box 6 near the front flow channel end face of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1-External bypass fan, 2-Planetary gear transmission mechanism, 21-Sun gear, 22-Planetary gear, 23-Gear ring, 231-Gear ring locking hole, 24-Planet carrier, 241-Planet carrier locking hole, 3-Power output shaft, 31-First output shaft, 32-Second output shaft, 33-First support, 34-Second support, 35-Oil baffle ring, 36-Sleeve, 4-Internal booster impeller disk, 41-Intake cone, 42-Internal fan, 43-Rotating ring, 5-Auxiliary motor, 6-Lubricating oil box, 7-External bypass duct, 71-Casing, 72-Guide vane, 8-Electromagnetic clutch, 9-Grate, 91-First grate, 92-Second grate, 93-Third grate. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Please see Figure 1In this embodiment of the invention, an oil lubrication and cooling device for a planetary gear power assembly includes: an oil lubrication tank 6, a first grate 91, a second grate 92, a third grate 93, an oil inlet pipe, an oil outlet pipe, a planetary transmission mechanism, and an auxiliary motor. The first grate 91 is provided between the front end face of the oil lubrication tank 6 and the rotating ring 43. The first grate 91 and the rotating ring 43 have a clearance-free interference fit and rotate together with the rotating ring 43. A fan 1 is provided on the outer side of the outer ring of the planetary carrier 24. The third grate 93 is provided between the rear end face of the oil lubrication tank 6 and the outer side of the inner ring of the planetary carrier 24. The third grate 93 and the outer side of the inner ring of the planetary carrier 24 have a clearance-free interference fit and rotate together with the planetary carrier 24. The second grate 92 is provided between the inner side of the inner ring of the planetary carrier 24 and the rotating ring 43. The second grate 92 and the rotating ring 43 have a clearance-free interference fit and rotate together with the rotating ring 43. The oil lubrication tank 6... The first grate 91, the second grate 92, and the third grate 93 form a closed bearing-gear-auxiliary motor common cavity structure. One end has a clearance-free interference fit with the rotating parts, while the other end uses a grate structure to solve the sealing problem of the two rotating parts. An oil inlet pipe is provided above the lubricating oil tank 6, and an oil outlet pipe is provided at the bottom of the lubricating oil tank 6. A first nozzle is provided between the first and second bearings of the second output shaft 32 on the oil inlet pipe. A second nozzle is provided on the inner wall of the end face of the lubricating oil tank 6 near the front flow channel. A third nozzle is provided at the connecting bearing of the planetary gear 22 and the planet carrier 24 on the oil inlet pipe. An oil guide groove is provided on the inner wall of the end face of the lubricating oil tank 6 near the front flow channel, which flows to each stator support 61. The end face of the lubricating oil tank 6 near the front flow channel can be completely disassembled, which facilitates the inspection of whether the gear, power output shaft 3, and auxiliary motor are faulty and the replacement of parts.

[0024] Please see Figure 2 In this embodiment of the invention, the lubricating and cooling device for a planetary gear power assembly is characterized by the following features in its rotating support relationship:

[0025] Multiple hubless supports 62 are provided on the inner wall of the outer ring of the lubricating oil box 6. Roller bearings 63 are provided at the ends of the hubless supports 62. The multiple roller bearings 63 and the sun gear 21 constitute a double rotation support structure of the power component. The multiple hubless supports provided on the inner wall of the outer ring of the lubricating oil box solve the problem of difficult and costly processing of large bearing supports.

[0026] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In this embodiment of the invention, the method for lubricating and cooling a planetary gear power assembly is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0027] ① After being pressurized by the oil pump, the lubricating oil is injected from the oil inlet pipe located above the lubricating oil tank 6. After passing through three nozzles, it is divided into three paths to lubricate and cool the bearing, the auxiliary motor 5, and the gear respectively.

[0028] ② The first stream flows through the first nozzle to the surface of the sleeve 36 and the oil groove. Under the action of the centrifugal force of the second output shaft 32, it flows to the inner rings of the first and second bearings on both sides. Under the rotation of the bearings, it is thrown to the outer ring. That is, the under-ring oil supply technology is used to fully lubricate and cool the bearings. Excess lubricating oil overflows onto the rotating ring. Due to the convective heat transfer of the inner channel airflow on the rotating ring, the lubricating oil after lubricating and cooling the bearings will be cooled on the rotating ring and finally flow to the bottom of the lubricating oil box 6.

[0029] ③ The second path passes through the second nozzle and flows into the oil guide groove provided on the inner wall of the end face of the lubricating oil box 6 near the front flow channel, and flows to each stator support 61 to cool the auxiliary motor 5 and lubricate the bearing between the motor rotor and stator.

[0030] ④ The third path passes through the third nozzle and sprays onto the inner ring of the connecting bearing of planetary gear 22 and planet carrier 24. Under the action of centrifugal force, it overflows from the outer ring of the bearing and flows to the meshing area of ​​planetary gear 22 and sun gear under the action of gravity. Due to the rotation of the gears, the lubricating oil will evenly moisturize the sun gear, planetary gear and gear ring. Excess lubricating oil overflows from the meshing area and flows to the rotating ring for cooling. It accumulates on the lower ring surface of the rotating ring and drips onto the auxiliary motor, electromagnetic clutch and gear ring.

[0031] ⑤ After the three channels respectively lubricate and cool the bearing, auxiliary motor 5 and gear, the oil converges at the bottom of the lubricating oil tank 6 and is drawn away from the oil outlet pipe;

[0032] ⑥ If the cooling effect of the rotating ring 43 has met the standard and the oil tank temperature is controlled within the rated operating temperature of the bearing-gear-auxiliary motor, such as 100-200℃, the lubricating oil flowing through the lubricating oil tank 6 will return directly to the oil source. If the bearing-gear-motor cooled by the rotating ring 43 is still higher than the rated operating temperature, the lubricating oil at the oil outlet will undergo convective heat exchange with the engine fuel. In specific implementation, the rotating ring 43 with a high convective heat exchange coefficient should be designed to avoid the lubricating oil and engine fuel undergoing convective heat exchange, which would increase the weight of the engine.

[0033] This invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Based on the technical solutions disclosed in this invention, those skilled in the art can make some simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations to some of the technical features without creative effort, all of which fall within the scope of the technical solutions of this invention.

Claims

1. A lubricating cooling device for an oil lubricated planetary power assembly, comprising: The lubricating oil tank (6), the first gill (91), the second gill (92), the third gill (93), the oil inlet pipe, the oil outlet pipe, the planetary transmission mechanism and the auxiliary motor, the first gill (91) is arranged between the front end surface of the lubricating oil tank (6) and the rotating ring (43), the first gill (91) and the rotating ring (43) are in interference fit without gap and rotate together with the rotating ring (43), the fan (1) is arranged outside the outer ring of the planet carrier (24), the third gill (93) is arranged between the rear end surface of the lubricating oil tank (6) and the outer side of the inner ring of the planet carrier (24), the third gill (93) and the outer side of the inner ring of the planet carrier (24) are in interference fit without gap and rotate together with the planet carrier (24), the second gill (92) is arranged between the inner side of the inner ring of the planet carrier (24) and the rotating ring (43), the second gill (92) and the rotating ring (43) are in interference fit without gap and rotate together with the rotating ring (43), the lubricating oil tank (6), the first gill (91), the second gill (92) and the third gill (93) form a closed bearing-gear-auxiliary motor co-cavity structure, one end is in interference fit without gap with the rotating part and the other end adopts the structure of the gill to solve the sealing problem of the double rotating parts, the oil inlet pipe is arranged above the lubricating oil tank (6), the oil outlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the lubricating oil tank (6), the first nozzle is arranged between the first bearing and the second bearing of the second output shaft (32) in the oil inlet pipe, the second nozzle is arranged on the inner wall surface of the end surface of the lubricating oil tank (6) close to the front flow channel, the third nozzle is arranged at the connecting bearing of the planet gear (22) and the planet carrier (24) in the oil inlet pipe, the oil guide grooves for guiding the oil to the stator supports (61) are arranged on the inner wall of the end surface of the lubricating oil tank (6) close to the front flow channel, the end surface of the lubricating oil tank (6) close to the front flow channel can be disassembled as a whole, which is convenient for troubleshooting and replacing the parts of the gear, the power output shaft (3) and the auxiliary motor.

2. A lubricating and cooling device for an oil of a planetary power pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating support relationship has the following characteristics: A plurality of hubless supports (62) are arranged on the inner wall surface of the outer ring of the lubricating oil tank (6), the hubless supports (62) are provided with rolling bearings (63) at the ends, the plurality of rolling bearings (63) and the sun gear (21) form a double-rotating support structure of the power assembly, and the plurality of hubless supports arranged on the inner wall surface of the outer ring of the lubricating oil tank solve the problem of difficult machining and high cost of large bearing support.

3. A method of oil lubricated cooling of a planetary power pack as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The lubricating oil lubrication and cooling method comprises the following steps: ①The lubricating oil source is injected from the oil inlet pipe above the lubricating oil tank (6) after being pressurized by the oil pump, lubricates and cools the bearing, the auxiliary motor (5) and the gear through three nozzles in three ways. ②The first route passes through the first nozzle, flows to the surface of the sleeve (36) and the oil groove, under the centrifugal force of the second output shaft (32), flows to the inner ring of the first bearing and the second bearing on both sides, under the rotation of the bearing, splashes to the outer ring, that is, the ring under the oil supply technology fully lubricates and cools the bearing, and the excess lubricating oil overflows to the rotating ring. Because the rotating ring is subjected to the convection heat exchange of the inner channel airflow, the lubricating oil after lubricating and cooling the bearing will be cooled on the rotating ring, and finally flows to the bottom of the oil lubricating box (6); ③The second route passes through the second nozzle, flows to the oil guide groove on the inner wall of the end face of the oil lubricating box (6) close to the front channel, and flows to each stator support (61), so as to cool the auxiliary motor (5) and lubricate and cool the bearings between the motor rotor and stator; ④The third route passes through the third nozzle, sprays the inner ring of the connecting bearing of the planetary gear (22) and the planet carrier (24), and under the action of centrifugal force, overflows from the outer ring of the bearing, and under the action of gravity, flows to the meshing area of the planetary gear (22) and the sun gear. Because of the rotation of the gear, the lubricating oil will evenly moisten the sun gear, planetary gear and gear ring, and the excess lubricating oil will overflow from the meshing area to the rotating ring for cooling, and will accumulate on the surface of the rotating ring and drop on the auxiliary motor, electromagnetic clutch and gear ring; ⑤After the three routes lubricate and cool the bearings, auxiliary motor (5) and gear respectively, they converge at the bottom of the oil lubricating box (6), and are pumped away from the oil outlet pipe; ⑥The lubricating oil flowing through the oil lubricating box (6) will return to the lubricating oil source directly if the cooling effect of the rotating ring (43) has reached the standard and the temperature of the oil tank is controlled within the rated working temperature of the bearing-gear-auxiliary motor. The rated working temperature range is 100-200℃. If the bearing-gear-motor cooled by the rotating ring (43) is still higher than the rated working temperature, the oil outlet of the oil tank will be subjected to convection heat exchange with the engine fuel.

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