A surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation experiment test device and test method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a test device for calibrating an environmental chemical explosion simulation experiment, and in particular to a test device and method for a surface shock wave environmental chemical explosion simulation experiment. The present invention solves the technical problems of low credibility of calibration results, high cost, and inaccurate simulation results in existing test methods. The device of the present invention comprises a load simulation unit, a soil covering simulation unit, and an initiation test unit; the load simulation unit comprises a base, an explosion cavity, a filling material, and an explosion source assembly; the explosion cavity is mounted on the base and the relative height of the two can be adjusted; the soil covering simulation unit comprises a frame structure, a bottom plate, and filling; the base, the explosion cavity, the bottom plate, and the frame structure form a closed explosion cavity; the explosion source assembly is fixed in the explosion cavity by the filling material; the filling is filled in the frame structure; the initiation test unit comprises a pressure sensor, a detonating line, a data acquisition device, and an initiator; the data acquisition device is electrically connected to the pressure sensor and the initiator respectively.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a testing device for checking a loading scheme and experimental parameters of a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation experiment, and in particular to a testing device and a testing method for a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation experiment. Background Art

[0002] The mechanical properties and dynamic response of materials and structures subjected to high-yield explosions are a classic topic in explosion experimental mechanics. When a high-yield ground or near-ground explosion occurs, the explosive energy propagates and radiates outward in the form of a shock wave. Part of this energy directly impacts the ground, forming a direct ground impact, while another part couples into the air and radiates outward. Along its propagation path along the surface, it forms an additional pulse load with low amplitude and long pulse width, the so-called surface shock wave environment. In actual research, due to the difficulties in selecting experimental sites, high experimental costs, and large impact ranges associated with constructing a realistic surface shock wave environment, simulated experimental methods are often used to create this environment.

[0003] Currently, commonly used load simulation methods include small-scale model experiments and centrifuge model experiments. These two equivalence methods are based on dimensional analysis methods and achieve equivalence of experimental physics problems through scale scaling. Small-scale model experiments are difficult to accurately simulate actual gravity effects, and the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results remain to be explored. Centrifuge model experiments usually rely on centrifuges, which requires scaling the structure to laboratory level. For surface shock wave loading problems where the distance from the detonation is much larger than the structure size, since scale scaling is proportional to the experimental structure and the distance from the detonation, considering the limited structure and processing size, the experimental size after scaling is still difficult to reach the laboratory level. In addition, the structure after scaling should also meet the equivalence of material mechanics. For some complex structures, there are still great technical difficulties in constructing structures or materials with equivalent mechanical properties.

[0004] The existing technology provides an in-situ experimental method that uses an array of explosives in a cavity to detonate and covers the soil layer to maintain pressure. It can construct a real surface shock wave environment through a small-yield explosion. Compared with large-yield explosion experiments, it has the advantages of good controllability, high safety and low experimental cost. Because the initial explosion pressure and pressure decay process simulated by this experimental method are affected by multiple nonlinear factors such as explosive charge density, explosive type, fill thickness, and fill mechanical properties, in actual implementation, it is necessary to pre-check the loading scheme and experimental parameters of the in-situ experiment to ensure that the in-situ experiment achieves the expected results. At present, the loading scheme and experimental parameters of the in-situ experiment are often determined by numerical simulation methods and in-situ small-scale experiments, but this type of method still has the following problems in implementation:

[0005] (1) Although numerical simulation methods are low-cost, the reliability of the results is questionable, considering that the selected parameters and physical state models are often different from the actual situation;

[0006] (2) Although in situ small-scale experiments can theoretically test the reliability of the experimental scheme and parameters obtained by the numerical simulation method, this method requires conducting experiments in the field, which has high manpower and economic costs. Secondly, when loading in small-scale in situ experiments, the boundary effect of the cavity is more obvious, so the simulation results are often lower than the actual loading experiments. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention aims to address the technical issues of numerical simulation methods and in-situ small-scale experimental verification methods, such as the difficulty in ensuring the reliability of verification results, as well as the high cost and inaccurate simulation results of field simulation experiments. The present invention provides a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test device and test method. The experimental test device and test method of the present invention use a rigid structure to approximately simulate symmetrical boundary conditions, thereby achieving equivalent simulation of large-scale surface shock wave chemical explosion simulation experiments in the laboratory, eliminating the need for field experiments. This can significantly reduce manpower and economic costs while ensuring the accuracy of the simulation results.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0009] The present invention provides a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test device, which is special in that it includes a load simulation unit, a soil simulation unit and an initiation test unit;

[0010] The load simulation unit includes a base, an explosion cavity with openings at both ends, a filling material and an explosion source assembly;

[0011] The explosion source assembly includes explosives and blasting caps;

[0012] The inner surface of the lower part of the explosion cavity is adapted to the outer surface of the upper part of the base. The lower part of the explosion cavity is sealed on the base and can move up and down along the base, thereby adjusting the relative height of the explosion cavity and the base.

[0013] The soil covering simulation unit includes a frame structure with openings at both ends, a bottom plate and soil filling;

[0014] The lower end of the frame structure is sealed and fixedly connected to the upper end of the explosion cavity;

[0015] The bottom plate seal is arranged in the frame structure near the lower end surface, and the upper end of the base, the explosion cavity, the bottom plate and the frame structure form a closed explosion cavity;

[0016] The explosion source assembly is fixed in the explosion cavity by means of a filling material, and the explosion center is located at the center of the explosion cavity;

[0017] The fill soil is filled in the frame structure and is used to equivalently simulate the top cover of a large-scale in-situ loading experiment;

[0018] The detonation test unit includes a pressure sensor, a detonating wire, a data acquisition device and an initiator;

[0019] The pressure sensor is used to measure the pressure change in the explosion cavity;

[0020] The blasting cap is electrically connected to the detonator via a detonating wire;

[0021] The data acquisition equipment is electrically connected to the pressure sensor and the detonator respectively.

[0022] Furthermore, the load simulation unit also includes an adjusting bolt assembly, which is used to support the explosion cavity and adjust the relative height between the explosion cavity and the base; the lower end of the base is provided with a first connecting ear extending outward along the circumferential direction; the lower end of the explosion cavity is provided with a second connecting ear corresponding to the first connecting ear; the two first connecting ears are connected to the corresponding second connecting ears through the adjusting bolt assembly.

[0023] Furthermore, the adjusting bolt assembly includes multiple double-nut bolts and four three-nut bolts; the four three-nut bolts are respectively distributed at the corners of the two first connecting ears and the corresponding second connecting ears, and each three-nut bolt is tightened by passing through the corner of the first connecting ear and the corresponding second connecting ear in turn, and the upper end face of the middle nut of the three-nut bolt contacts the lower end face of the corner of the second connecting ear, for supporting the explosion cavity; the multiple double-nut bolts are evenly distributed among the three-nut bolts, and each double-nut bolt is tightened by passing through the first connecting ear and the corresponding second connecting ear in turn.

[0024] Furthermore, the detonation test unit further includes a sensor mounting seat; the sensor mounting seat is arranged at the upper end of the base; and the pressure sensor is mounted on the sensor mounting seat.

[0025] Furthermore, the load simulation unit also includes a plug nut; a threaded hole is provided on the side of the explosion cavity; the plug nut is fixedly connected to the threaded hole on the side of the explosion cavity; a wire hole is provided axially at the center of the plug nut, the front end of the detonating wire is connected to the explosion source assembly, and the rear end is led out through the wire hole and electrically connected to the detonator.

[0026] Furthermore, a coaxial stepped hole is provided in the center of the base, which passes through the upper and lower parts. The large end of the stepped hole is located at the top, the large end of the stepped hole is the sensor seat mounting hole, and the small end is the lead hole; the inner diameter of the sensor seat mounting hole is adapted to the outer diameter of the sensor mounting seat, and the sensor mounting seat is arranged in the sensor seat mounting hole; a lead groove is provided on the bottom surface of the base from the lower end of the lead hole to the edge of the base; the signal transmission line of the pressure sensor is led out along the lead hole and the lead groove and electrically connected to the data acquisition equipment.

[0027] Furthermore, the inner side surface of the frame structure is provided with a scale along the height direction; the inner side surface of the upper end of the explosion cavity is provided with a step structure along the circumferential direction, and a square groove adapted to the lower end surface of the frame structure is provided on the step surface, and the lower end surface of the frame structure is sealed and fixedly connected to the bottom of the square groove; a plurality of first sealing rings are provided between the connection between the base and the explosion cavity; a second sealing ring is provided between the connection between the base and the sensor mounting seat; a third sealing ring is provided between the connection between the lower end surface of the frame structure and the bottom of the square groove; a plurality of radially extending blocks and located at the same horizontal height are provided on the inner side surface of the frame structure near the lower end surface, and the bottom plate is placed on the plurality of blocks.

[0028] Furthermore, the frame structure includes two oppositely arranged first retaining plates and two oppositely arranged second retaining plates, and the two first retaining plates and the two second retaining plates are fixed together to form a rectangular frame structure; the scale is arranged on the inner side surfaces of the two second retaining plates, and the multiple blocks are arranged on the inner side surfaces of the lower ends of the two second retaining plates and / or the inner side block blocks of the lower ends of the two first retaining plates; the upper ends of the two second retaining plates are respectively provided with hanging holes; the bottom plate is a metal square plate, and the edge of the metal square plate is fixed with high-temperature resistant rubber; a sensor mounting hole and an air inlet hole are coaxially arranged in the middle of the sensor mounting seat, and the size of the air inlet hole is smaller than the sensor mounting hole; the air inlet hole is arranged close to the explosion cavity and connected to the explosion cavity, and the sensitive surface of the pressure sensor is arranged corresponding to the air inlet hole; the air inlet hole is a threaded hole, which is used to screw the screw into the air inlet hole to pull the sensor mounting seat out from the base after the experiment is completed.

[0029] Furthermore, the covering simulation unit also includes four connecting plates; the connecting plates include vertical plates and horizontal plates fixedly arranged at the lower ends of the vertical plates; the four vertical plates are respectively fixedly connected to the outer side surfaces of the two first retaining plates and the two second retaining plates; the upper end of the explosion cavity is provided with outer edges corresponding to the four horizontal plates, and the four horizontal plates and the four outer edges of the upper end of the explosion cavity are fixedly connected by screws.

[0030] The present invention also provides a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test method, based on the above-mentioned surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test device, which is special in that it includes the following steps:

[0031] S1) Design the relative height position data between the explosion cavity and the base, the filling thickness and the amount of explosives according to the requirements of the in-situ experiment;

[0032] S2) Assemble each unit

[0033] Adjust the height position of the explosion cavity according to the relative height position data in step S1); set the explosion source assembly according to the amount of explosives, and fix the position of the explosion source assembly with filling material; fill the fill into the frame structure according to the filling thickness;

[0034] S3) starting a data acquisition device, and then using a detonator to control a detonating cap to detonate the explosive; using the data acquisition device to record a pressure decay waveform acquired by a pressure sensor and a detonation time signal of the detonator; processing the acquired pressure decay waveform and detonation time signal to obtain a simulated load time history curve, and comparing the simulated load time history curve with the load time history expected from the corresponding in-situ experiment; if the curve attenuation law is basically consistent, and the difference between the simulated load time history curve and the load time history expected from the corresponding in-situ experiment at any time is less than 10%, then the scheme is reasonable; otherwise, it is unreasonable; completing the surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation experiment test.

[0035] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0036] 1. The present invention provides a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation experiment testing device, comprising a load simulation unit, a soil simulation unit, and an initiation test unit. The device uses a rigid structure to approximately simulate symmetrical boundary conditions, thereby achieving equivalent simulation of large-area surface shock wave chemical explosion simulation experiments in the laboratory. The load simulation unit can be used to simulate the loading conditions of a large-scale surface shock wave loading experiment design, and the soil simulation unit can be used to simulate the dynamic response process of the backfill medium under explosion loading in a large-scale surface shock wave loading experiment. The device is suitable for loading conditions with different cavity heights, fill thicknesses, and charge densities. The testing process is highly controllable, the operation is simple, the structure cost is low, and it is reusable.

[0037] 2. The present invention provides a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation experiment inspection device. Multiple first sealing rings are arranged between the connection between the base and the explosion cavity to prevent gas leakage at the joint position and ensure the accuracy of the device simulating the pressure change law; the sensor installation hole is a countersunk through hole, and a wire groove is provided at the bottom of the base to ensure that the sensor installation and wiring process are convenient.

[0038] 3. The present invention provides a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation experiment inspection device. The inner side surface of the upper end of the explosion cavity is provided with a step structure along the circumferential direction. A square groove is provided on the step surface. The size of the square groove is consistent with the structural size of the lower end of the square frame structure to ensure accurate installation accuracy. A square sealing groove is provided inside the square groove for installing a sealing ring to improve the structural sealing and increase the experimental accuracy.

[0039] 4. The present invention provides a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation experiment inspection device. The adjustment bolt assembly for connecting the base and the explosion cavity in the load simulation unit includes a double-nut bolt and a triple-nut bolt. The triple-nut bolt is located at the connecting holes of the four corner points of the connecting base and the explosion cavity, and the matching height of the connecting base and the explosion cavity can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the height of the explosion cavity; the double-nut bolt is located at the remaining connecting holes of the connecting base and the explosion cavity, to ensure the tensile stiffness between the connecting base and the explosion cavity, reduce the deformation of the structure under explosion loading, and ensure the experimental accuracy.

[0040] 5. The present invention provides a surface shock wave environmental explosion simulation test device, the frame structure of which is composed of a first retaining plate and a second retaining plate. This split design can improve the interchangeability of the structure and reduce maintenance costs.

[0041] 6. The present invention provides a surface shock wave environment explosion simulation experiment inspection device. The inner surface of the frame structure is provided with a ruler along the height direction, which is convenient for quickly determining the fill height during the experiment and improving the efficiency of the experiment implementation.

[0042] 7. The present invention provides a surface shock wave environmental chemical explosion simulation experiment inspection device. Two small square blocks are welded on the bottom of the second retaining plate, so that the bottom plate can be effectively fixed to the bottom of the cavity formed by the first retaining plate and the second retaining plate, ensuring the convenience of filling and replacing the backfill before and after the experiment; a lifting hole is provided at the upper end of the second retaining plate to further improve the convenience of operation.

[0043] 8. The present invention provides a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation experiment inspection device, the bottom plate is a metal square plate, and the edge of the square plate is solidified with high-temperature resistant rubber. The deformability of the rubber is used to reduce the processing accuracy requirements of the first retaining plate and the second retaining plate, preventing the bottom plate from being stuck in the cavity formed by the first retaining plate and the second retaining plate during the experiment, thereby improving the experimental reliability and the deformation limit of the structure.

[0044] 9. The present invention provides a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation experiment inspection device. A sensor mounting hole and an air inlet are provided in the middle of the sensor mounting seat. The air inlet hole is smaller than the sensor mounting hole. By reducing the air intake volume, the high-frequency and high-amplitude wave head of the explosion shock wave is limited from directly acting on the sensor, thereby improving the service life of the sensor. The air inlet hole is a threaded hole, and the sensor mounting seat can be removed from the top of the base by screwing in the thread and pulling it up, thereby improving the convenience of operation.

[0045] 10. The present invention provides a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test method, which is simple to operate and produces accurate and reliable test results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test device of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a load simulation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a base in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a base in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 5 is a bottom view of the base in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of an explosion cavity in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of an explosion cavity in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 8 An assembly diagram of the first retaining plate and the second retaining plate in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 9 1 is a parts diagram of a first retaining plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 10 1 is a parts diagram of a second retaining plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 11 This is an assembly diagram of the sensor mounting base and the pressure sensor in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure markings: 1-base, 2-explosion cavity, 3-filling material, 4-explosion source assembly, 5-adjusting bolt assembly, 6-first retaining plate, 7-second retaining plate, 8-fill, 9-bottom plate, 10-connecting plate, 11-pressure sensor, 12-sensor mounting seat, 13-plug nut, 14-detonating wire, 15-data acquisition equipment, 16-detonator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The present invention is described in detail below through examples and drawings.

[0059] The invention discloses a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation experiment testing device, which comprises a load simulation unit, a soil covering simulation unit and an initiation test unit.

[0060] The load simulation unit includes a base 1, an explosion cavity 2 with two open ends, filling material 3, an explosion source assembly 4, an adjusting bolt assembly 5, and a plug nut 13. The explosion source assembly 4 is fixed in the explosion cavity by the filling material 3, with the explosion center located at the center of the explosion cavity. The explosion source assembly 4 includes explosives and a detonating cap.

[0061] The cross section of the base 1 is square, and the lower end of the base 1 is provided with a first connecting ear extending outward along the circumferential direction. A step hole that passes through the upper and lower parts and is coaxial is provided in the center of the base 1, and the step hole is a countersunk through hole. The step hole includes a sensor seat mounting hole located at the top and a lead hole located at the bottom. The sensor seat mounting hole of the base 1 is a light hole, and its inner diameter is adapted to the outer diameter of the sensor mounting seat 12. The sensor mounting seat 12 is arranged in the sensor seat mounting hole with a clearance fit. The bottom surface of the base 1 is provided with a lead groove extending from the lower end of the lead hole to the edge of the base 1; the signal transmission line of the pressure sensor 11 is led out along the lead hole and the lead groove and is electrically connected to the data acquisition device 15. The connecting hole connecting the base 1 and the adjusting bolt assembly 5 is a hexagonal countersunk hole slightly larger than the bolt head of the adjusting bolt assembly 5, so that the screw can be stuck into the bottom of the base 1 when tightened. On the one hand, the bolt is embedded in the countersunk hole, and the placement of the base 1 will not be affected by the bolt head, thereby improving its stability. On the other hand, when the bolt is tightened, its rotation can be restricted by the edge of the hexagonal countersunk hole, reducing the movement of the base 1 during the disassembly and assembly of the bolt, making the operation more labor-saving.

[0062] The inner surface of the lower part of the explosion cavity 2 is adapted to the outer surface of the upper part of the base 1. The lower part of the explosion cavity 2 is sealed and sleeved on the base 1. The adjusting bolt assembly 5 can be adjusted as required to make the explosion cavity 2 move up and down along the base 1, thereby adjusting the relative height of the explosion cavity 2 and the base 1. The lower end of the explosion cavity 2 is provided with a second connecting ear corresponding to the first connecting ear, and the first connecting ear and the second connecting ear are connected by the adjusting bolt assembly 5. The side of the explosion cavity 2 is provided with a threaded hole adapted to the plug nut 13. The inner side surface of the upper end of the explosion cavity 2 is provided with a step structure along the circumference, and the step surface is provided with a square groove adapted to the lower end face of the frame structure. The lower end face of the frame structure is sealed and fixed to the bottom of the square groove. The upper end of the explosion cavity 2 is provided with an outer edge corresponding to the horizontal plates of the four connecting plates 10.

[0063] The adjusting bolt assembly 5 is used to adjust the height position of the explosion chamber 2 and provide fixed support for the explosion chamber 2. It includes multiple double-nut bolts and four three-nut bolts. The three-nut bolts include a screw and three nuts. The four three-nut bolts are respectively distributed at the corners of the first connecting ear and the second connecting ear. Each three-nut bolt is tightened through the corner of the first connecting ear and the corresponding corner of the second connecting ear in sequence. The three nuts in each three-nut bolt are respectively located on the upper surface of the first connecting ear, the upper surface of the second connecting ear, and the lower surface of the second connecting ear. The upper end surface of the middle nut of the three-nut bolt contacts the lower end surface of the corner of the second connecting ear, thus supporting the explosion chamber 2. The double-nut bolts include a screw and two nuts. Multiple double-nut bolts are evenly distributed between the three-nut bolts, and the two nuts in each double-nut bolt are respectively tightened to the upper surfaces of the first connecting ear and the second connecting ear. The plug nut 13 is set in a threaded hole on the side of the explosion chamber 2 and is threadedly connected to the threaded hole. A wire hole is axially provided at the center of the plug nut 13 . The front end of the detonating wire 14 is connected to the blasting cap, and the rear end is led out through the wire hole and electrically connected to the detonator 16 .

[0064] The soil-covering simulation unit comprises a frame structure with two open ends, soil fill 8, a base plate 9, and four connecting plates 10. The frame structure includes two opposing first retaining plates 6 and two opposing second retaining plates 7. The two first retaining plates 6 and two second retaining plates 7 enclose and securely form a rectangular frame structure, which is secured to the top of the explosion chamber via four connecting plates 10. The base plate 9 is located at the bottom of the rectangular frame structure, which is filled with soil fill 8. The two first retaining plates 6 are positioned opposite each other. The connecting holes for connecting the first retaining plates 6 to the second retaining plates 7 are threaded holes, located horizontally along the sides of the first retaining plates 6 and along the sides of the second retaining plates 7. The corresponding connecting holes for the second retaining plates 7 are smooth holes, located at the edges of the second retaining plates 7 and along the sides of the second retaining plates 7. The inner surfaces of the two second retaining plates 7 are each provided with a height scale. The upper ends of the two second retaining plates 7 are each provided with a lifting hole. Two radially extending square blocks, located at the same height, are positioned on the inner surfaces of the two second retaining plates 7 near their lower ends. The four square blocks on the two second retaining plates 7 are positioned opposite each other. The inner side surface of the upper end of the explosion chamber 2 is circumferentially stepped. The stepped surface is provided with a square groove that mates with the lower end surface of the frame structure. The lower end surface of the frame structure is sealed and fixed to the bottom of the square groove. The bottom plate 9 is a metal square plate with its edges bonded with high-temperature-resistant rubber. The outer structure and dimensions of the bottom plate 9 match the inner structure and dimensions of the lower end of the frame structure. The bottom plate 9 rests on the two stoppers of the two second retaining plates 7. The upper end of the base 1, the explosion chamber 2, the bottom plate 9, and the frame structure below the bottom plate 9 form a closed explosion chamber. Fill 8 is placed within the frame structure to provide the top cover for equivalent simulation of large-scale in-situ loading experiments. The connecting plate 10 consists of vertical plates and horizontal plates fixed to the lower ends of the vertical plates. The vertical plates of the four connecting plates 10 are respectively fixed to the outer surfaces of the two first retaining plates 6 and the two second retaining plates 7. The horizontal plates of the four connecting plates 10 are respectively fixed to the four outer edges of the upper end of the explosion chamber 2 via screws.

[0065] The detonation test unit includes a pressure sensor 11, a sensor mounting base 12, a detonating wire 14, a data acquisition device 15, and a detonator 16. The pressure sensor 11 is used to measure pressure changes in the explosion cavity. The front end of the detonating wire 14 is connected to the detonating cap of the explosion source assembly, and the rear end is arranged along the side of the explosion cavity to the plug nut 13, and then led out through the wire hole in the middle of the plug nut 13 and connected to the detonator 16; the data acquisition device 15 is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 11 and the detonator 16 respectively. The sensor mounting base 12 is set in the sensor base mounting hole of the base 1. The sensor mounting seat 12 is cylindrical, with a sensor mounting hole and an air inlet hole coaxially arranged in the middle. The air inlet hole is smaller than the sensor mounting hole. The air inlet hole is arranged close to the explosion cavity and is connected to the explosion cavity. The sensitive surface of the pressure sensor 11 is arranged corresponding to the air inlet hole; the pressure sensor 11 is installed in the sensor mounting hole of the sensor mounting seat 12 through a threaded connection; the air inlet hole is a threaded hole, which is used to screw the screw into the air inlet hole after the experiment to pull the sensor mounting seat 12 out of the base 1.

[0066] To improve the sealing performance of the device, three first sealing rings are installed between the base 1 and the explosion chamber 2. Three sealing grooves are circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the upper end of the base 1, where it contacts the explosion chamber 2. The three first sealing rings are embedded in these grooves. A second sealing ring is installed between the base 1 and the sensor mounting base 12. An annular sealing groove for the second sealing ring is provided on the outer wall of the sensor mounting base 12. A third sealing ring is installed between the lower end surface of the frame structure and the bottom of the square groove. A sealing groove for the third sealing ring is provided in the bottom of the square groove.

[0067] During the experiment, a detonation signal was generated by the initiator 16, and the detonating wire 14 controlled the explosive source assembly 4 to detonate the detonator and detonate the explosives. During this process, the explosive source assembly 4 generated high-pressure gas within the explosion cavity, pushing the base plate 9 upward. This process compacted the fill 8 and caused it to move upward, gradually increasing the cavity volume and decreasing the cavity pressure. The pressure decay waveform and detonation time signal were collected by the pressure sensor 11 and transmitted to the data acquisition device 15 for recording and storage.

[0068] At the same time, the present invention also provides a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test method, using the above-mentioned surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test device, including the following steps:

[0069] Inspection and preparation before the experiment:

[0070] Check the macroscopic appearance and thread fit of the adjusting bolt assembly 5, the first retaining plate 6, the base plate 9, the connecting plate 10, the pressure sensor 11, the sensor mounting base 12, the plug nut 13, and other threaded connectors. Check the seals for ablation and abnormal deformation, and replace any parts that are difficult to assemble or severely deformed. Connect and debug the pressure sensor 11, the data acquisition device 15, and the detonator 16, replace any malfunctioning parts, use a multimeter to test the detonating wire 14 to ensure it is conducting properly, and use a detonator meter to measure the resistance of the detonating caps in the explosive source assembly 4 to ensure their quality. Prepare sufficient filling material 3, the explosive source assembly 4, and the backfill 8 according to the experimental parameters to be tested (i.e., the in-situ experimental parameters) and the on-site implementation environment.

[0071] S1) Designing the relative height position data of the explosion cavity 2 and the base 1, the filling thickness of the fill 8 and the amount of explosives according to the in-situ test requirements;

[0072] S2) Assemble each unit

[0073] During the assembly process, the height position of the explosion cavity 2 is adjusted so that the height of the explosion cavity is the same as the relative height position data of step S1); the explosion source assembly 4 is set according to the amount of explosives in step S1), and when the filling material 3 is used to fix the position of the explosion source assembly 4, it is ensured that the filling material 3 completely fills the explosion cavity; when filling the fill soil 8 into the frame structure, it is filled according to the filling thickness of step S1); at the same time, it is ensured that each connection is a sealed connection.

[0074] Step S2) is specifically as follows:

[0075] Step S2.1: Assemble the pressure sensor 11 and the sensor mounting base 12, and install the second sealing ring on the periphery of the sensor mounting base 12, then place the base 1 on its side, press the assembled pressure sensor 11 and sensor mounting base 12 into the countersunk through hole in the middle of the base 1, and lead the signal line of the pressure sensor 11 from the countersunk through hole of the base 1 and the bottom wire groove, then insert the screw of the adjusting bolt assembly 5 into the hexagonal countersunk hole of the first connecting ear at the bottom of the base 1, then place the base 1 upright, install the first sealing ring in the circumferential sealing groove at its upper end, and screw the nut into the adjusting bolt assembly 5 from the upper surface of the base 1 and tighten it so that the screw head is completely fixed in the hexagonal countersunk hole of the first connecting ear at the bottom of the base 1, then tighten the nuts at the four corner points of the base 1 Screw the nut into the connecting hole, and insert the middle cavity of the explosion cavity 2 into the upper end of the base 1, and ensure that the screws of the adjusting bolt assembly 5 are inserted into the connecting holes of the second connecting ear at the bottom edge of the explosion cavity 2, so that the explosion cavity 2 is supported on the upper part of the base 1 by the screws and nuts at the four corner points, and then adjust the nuts at the four corner points of the base 1 to control the matching height of the base 1 and the explosion cavity 2 until the internal cavity height is consistent with the design working conditions, and then screw the nut into the adjusting bolt assembly 5 from the upper surface of the connecting hole of the second connecting ear of the explosion cavity 2 and tighten it to ensure that the base 1 and the explosion cavity 2 are reliably consolidated, and then screw the plug nut 13 into the threaded hole on the side of the explosion cavity 2, and install the sealing ring in the square sealing groove on the upper surface of the step surface at the top of the explosion cavity 2.

[0076] Step S2.2: Cut a piece of filling material 3 with a thickness of about 0.5 times the designed explosion cavity height and a size consistent with the inside of the explosion cavity, evenly lay the explosion source assembly 4 on the upper part of the filling material 3, and connect the detonating detonator to the detonating wire 14. The detonating wire 14 is arranged along the side of the explosion cavity 2 to the plug nut 13 and led out from the wire hole in the middle of the plug nut 13. After the wiring is completed, cover the upper part of the explosion source assembly 4 with a layer of filling material 3 again to ensure that the explosion cavity is completely filled.

[0077] Step S2.3: Assemble the soil covering simulation unit. First, fix the connecting plate 10 to the sides of the first retaining plate 6 and the second retaining plate 7 by screws. Then, fix the retaining plates to each other by screws to form a frame structure. Ensure that the ruler is located on the inner surface of the frame structure, and place the base plate 9 at the bottom of the frame structure so that it is supported on the small square block at the bottom of the second retaining plate 7. Then, fill the backfill 8 into the cavity formed by the base plate 9, the first retaining plate 6, and the second retaining plate 7 according to the designed thickness, and read its thickness using the ruler.

[0078] Step S2.4: Use manpower or a crane to load the soil-filled covering simulation unit into the top of the explosion cavity 2, and use bolts to fix the connecting plate 10 to the top of the explosion cavity 2 and tighten the sealing ring on the top of the explosion cavity 2.

[0079] Step S2.5: Connect the signal line of the pressure sensor 11 to the data acquisition device 15, connect the detonation line 14 to the detonator 16, and connect the detonation signal of the detonator 16 to the data acquisition device 15 through the signal line.

[0080] S3) starting the data acquisition device 15 to collect data in advance, and then using the detonator 16 to control the explosion source assembly 4 to detonate the explosive; using the data acquisition device 15 to record the pressure decay waveform collected by the pressure sensor 11 and the detonation time signal of the detonator 16; processing the collected pressure decay waveform and detonation time signal to obtain a loading signal containing information such as the detonation time, the shock wave arrival time, the pressure decay process, and the simulated load time history curve; comparing the simulated load time history curve with the load time history expected from the corresponding in-situ experiment; if the curve attenuation law is basically consistent, and the difference between the simulated load time history curve and the load time history expected from the corresponding in-situ experiment at any time is less than 10%, then the scheme is reasonable; otherwise, it is unreasonable; completing the surface shock wave environmental explosion simulation experiment test.

[0081] After the experiment, dismantle each unit, clean up the fill soil 8 and explosion products, and after cleaning, screw the screw into the air inlet of the sensor mounting base 12, remove the sensor mounting base 12 and the pressure sensor 11 by pulling out the screw, clean the explosion and combustion products on the surface of the pressure sensor 11 and the sensor mounting base 12, and then dismantle the remaining parts to complete the cleaning of the device.

[0082] Because in-situ experiments are generally large-scale experiments, large-scale chemical explosion experiments are expensive, and low-cost testing is required in advance to ensure the reliability of the scheme and prevent errors in the setting of experimental parameters, which may cause the experimental load to fail to reach the expected index and generate great economic losses. Therefore, the present invention provides a laboratory chemical explosion simulation experimental device that can be used to simulate the detonation effect of an explosive array under large-scale loading conditions, provide a laboratory small-scale simulation experiment to verify the loading effect of a large-scale chemical explosion experiment, and ensure that the design parameters of the in-situ experiment large-scale loading scheme can successfully simulate the designed target load. The inspection method of the present invention is to realize the loading structure design parameters of a large-scale experiment (i.e., an in-situ experiment) through the small-scale experiment in the present invention, and then compare the small-scale experiment test data with the large-scale experiment design load. If the two are similar or basically consistent, this indicates that the large-scale experiment scheme design is reliable.

[0083] The inspection method provided by the present invention can simulate the loading conditions of large-scale surface shock wave loading experiments through a load simulation unit, and simulate the dynamic response of the backfill medium under explosive loading in large-scale surface shock wave loading experiments through a soil cover simulation unit. The detonation process and simulated load data are precisely controlled by the detonation test unit. By adjusting the cavity volume and charge amount within the loading simulation system, simulation verification of loading parameters for various chemical explosion simulation experiments can be achieved; by changing the fill type and thickness within the soil cover simulation unit, verification design of chemical explosion simulation parameters under various fill environments can be achieved. Experimental preparation, experimental implementation, and measurement processes are easily controlled. The present invention has a simple structure, low cost, reusability, and easy operation.

[0084] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Any simple modification or equivalent change made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test device, characterized by: Including load simulation unit, soil simulation unit and detonation test unit; The load simulation unit comprises a base (1), an explosion cavity (2) with openings at both ends, a filling material (3) and an explosion source assembly (4); The explosion source assembly (4) includes explosives and blasting caps; The inner surface of the lower portion of the explosion cavity (2) is adapted to the outer surface of the upper portion of the base (1); the lower portion of the explosion cavity (2) is sealed and sleeved on the base (1) and can move up and down along the base (1), thereby adjusting the relative height of the explosion cavity (2) and the base (1); The soil covering simulation unit comprises a frame structure with openings at both ends, a bottom plate (9) and soil filling (8); The lower end of the frame structure is sealed and fixedly connected to the upper end of the explosion cavity (2); The bottom plate (9) is sealed and arranged in a position close to the lower end surface in the frame structure, and the upper end of the base (1), the explosion cavity (2), the bottom plate (9) and the frame structure form a closed explosion cavity; The explosion source assembly (4) is fixed in the explosion cavity by means of the filling material (3), and the explosion center is located at the center of the explosion cavity; The fill (8) is filled in the frame structure and is used to equivalently simulate the top cover of a large-scale in-situ loading experiment; The detonation test unit comprises a pressure sensor (11), a detonating wire (14), a data acquisition device (15) and an initiator (16); The pressure sensor (11) is used to measure the pressure change in the explosion cavity; The blasting cap is electrically connected to the detonator (16) via a detonating wire (14); The data acquisition device (15) is electrically connected to the pressure sensor (11) and the detonator (16) respectively.

2. The surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The load simulation unit further comprises an adjusting bolt assembly (5), the adjusting bolt assembly (5) being used to support the explosion cavity (2) and to adjust the relative height between the explosion cavity (2) and the base (1); The lower end of the base (1) is provided with a first connecting ear extending outward along the circumferential direction; The lower end of the explosion cavity (2) is provided with a second connecting ear corresponding to the first connecting ear; The two first connecting ears are connected to the corresponding second connecting ears via an adjusting bolt assembly (5).

3. The surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test device according to claim 2 is characterized by: The adjusting bolt assembly (5) comprises a plurality of double-nut bolts and four triple-nut bolts; The four three-nut bolts are respectively distributed at the corners of the two first connecting ears and the corresponding second connecting ears, and each three-nut bolt is sequentially passed through the corner of the first connecting ear and the corresponding second connecting ear corner to be tightened, and the upper end surface of the middle nut of the three-nut bolt contacts the lower end surface of the corner of the second connecting ear, for supporting the explosion cavity (2); The multiple double-nut bolts are evenly distributed between the three-nut bolts, and each double-nut bolt is sequentially passed through the first connecting ear and the corresponding second connecting ear for tightening.

4. A surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The detonation test unit further includes a sensor mounting seat (12); The sensor mounting seat (12) is arranged at the upper end of the base (1); The pressure sensor (11) is mounted on a sensor mounting seat (12).

5. The surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test device according to claim 4 is characterized by: The load simulation unit further comprises a plug nut (13); The side surface of the explosion cavity (2) is provided with a threaded hole; The plug nut (13) is fixedly connected to a threaded hole on the side of the explosion cavity (2); A wire hole is provided in the center of the plug nut (13) along the axial direction. The front end of the detonating wire (14) is connected to the explosion source assembly (4), and the rear end is led out through the wire hole and electrically connected to the detonator (16).

6. The surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The center of the base (1) is provided with a coaxial stepped hole that passes through the upper and lower parts, the large end of the stepped hole is located at the top, the large end of the stepped hole is a sensor seat mounting hole, and the small end is a lead hole; The inner diameter of the sensor seat mounting hole is adapted to the outer diameter of the sensor mounting seat (12), and the sensor mounting seat (12) is arranged in the sensor seat mounting hole; The bottom surface of the base (1) is provided with a wire guide groove extending from the lower end of the wire guide hole to the edge of the base (1); The signal transmission line of the pressure sensor (11) is led out along the lead hole and the lead groove and is electrically connected to the data acquisition device (15).

7. The surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inner side surface of the frame structure is provided with a scale in the height direction; The inner side surface of the upper end of the explosion cavity (2) is provided with a step structure along the circumferential direction, and a square groove adapted to the lower end surface of the frame structure is provided on the step surface, and the lower end surface of the frame structure is sealed and fixedly connected to the bottom of the square groove; A plurality of first sealing rings are provided between the connection between the base (1) and the explosion cavity (2); A second sealing ring is provided between the connection between the base (1) and the sensor mounting seat (12); A third sealing ring is provided between the connection between the lower end surface of the frame structure and the bottom of the square groove; A plurality of radially extending stoppers located at the same level are provided on the inner side surface of the frame structure near the lower end surface, and the bottom plate (9) is placed on the plurality of stoppers.

8. The surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The frame structure comprises two first retaining plates (6) and two second retaining plates (7) arranged opposite to each other, wherein the two first retaining plates (6) and the two second retaining plates (7) are fixed together to form a rectangular frame structure; The scale is arranged on the inner side surfaces of the two second retaining plates (7), and the plurality of stoppers are arranged on the inner side surfaces of the lower ends of the two second retaining plates (7) and / or the inner side stoppers of the lower ends of the two first retaining plates (6); the upper ends of the two second retaining plates (7) are respectively provided with hoisting holes; The bottom plate (9) is a metal square plate, and the edge of the metal square plate is fixed with high temperature resistant rubber; The sensor mounting seat (12) is coaxially provided with a sensor mounting hole and an air inlet hole in the middle thereof, and the air inlet hole is smaller than the sensor mounting hole; the air inlet hole is provided close to the explosion cavity and communicates with the explosion cavity, and the sensitive surface of the pressure sensor (11) is provided corresponding to the air inlet hole; The air inlet hole is a threaded hole, which is used to screw a screw into the air inlet hole after the experiment to pull the sensor mounting seat (12) out of the base (1).

9. The surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The soil covering simulation unit further comprises four connecting plates (10); The connecting plate (10) comprises a vertical plate and a horizontal plate fixedly arranged at the lower end of the vertical plate; the four vertical plates are respectively fixedly connected to the outer side surfaces of the two first retaining plates (6) and the two second retaining plates (7); The upper end of the explosion cavity (2) is provided with outer edges corresponding to the four transverse plates, and the four transverse plates and the four outer edges of the upper end of the explosion cavity (2) are fixedly connected by screws.

10. A surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test method, based on a surface shock wave environment chemical explosion simulation test device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1) designing the relative height position data of the explosion cavity (2) and the base (1), the filling thickness of the fill (8) and the amount of explosives according to the requirements of the in-situ experiment; S2) Assemble each unit The height position of the explosion cavity (2) is adjusted according to the relative height position data in step S1); the explosion source assembly (4) is set according to the amount of explosives, and the position of the explosion source assembly (4) is fixed with a filling material (3); and the filling soil (8) is filled into the frame structure according to the filling thickness; S3) starting the data acquisition device (15), and then using the detonator (16) to control the detonator to detonate the explosive; using the data acquisition device (15) to record the pressure decay waveform collected by the pressure sensor (11) and the detonation time signal of the detonator (16); processing the collected pressure decay waveform and detonation time signal to obtain a simulated load time history curve, and comparing the simulated load time history curve with the load time history expected from the corresponding in-situ experiment. If the curve decay law is consistent, and the difference between the simulated load time history curve and the load time history expected from the corresponding in-situ experiment at any time is less than 10%, then the scheme is reasonable; otherwise, it is unreasonable; completing the surface shock wave environment explosion simulation experiment test.

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