A sensor with a biomimetic olfactory positioning function and a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a sensor with a bionic olfactory positioning function, comprising a gate electrode, a dielectric layer and an electrode; the dielectric layer is arranged between the gate electrode and the electrode; and the dielectric layer comprises a porous structure zwitterionic polymer film. Through the combination of the high sensitivity of the sensor to dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and the application method, accurate positioning of a DMC leakage position is realized, and meanwhile, the sensor has the characteristics of high sensitivity, durability and excellent intelligent bionic positioning, and overcomes the positioning function that traditional sensors do not have.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to a sensor with biomimetic olfactory positioning function, its preparation method and application, belonging to the field of resistive sensor technology. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries are currently one of the ideal energy storage systems, and due to their high power and high energy density, they have become an indispensable part of modern society. However, safety issues associated with lithium-ion batteries under conditions such as heating, compression, impact, and overcharging have attracted widespread public attention. Lithium-ion battery failure is usually accompanied by electrolyte leakage, and even trace amounts of electrolyte vapor leakage are early symptoms of lithium battery damage.

[0003] Currently, lithium-ion battery electrolytes are mainly composed of solvents such as DMC, ethyl methyl carbonate, or vinylene carbonate. These solvents are volatile and prone to redox reactions, making them difficult to detect, let alone locate leaks. Furthermore, electrolyte analysis in the laboratory typically requires expensive, large-scale instruments, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyzers. For easy integration into battery systems, lithium-ion battery electrolyte sensors need to be inexpensive, low-power, and simple. Therefore, utilizing chemical sensors to achieve low-cost, rapid, and highly sensitive detection and location of lithium-ion battery electrolyte leaks is of great significance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] According to one aspect of this application, a sensor with biomimetic olfactory localization function is provided, which combines the synergistic effect of porous structure and the good chemical and thermal stability of zwitterions. It is a capacitive DMC sensor with biomimetic olfactory localization function based on the high capacitance, low electrolysis risk and low leakage characteristics of porous zwitterionic polymers.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this application is as follows:

[0006] A sensor with biomimetic olfactory localization function includes a gate, a dielectric layer, and electrodes;

[0007] The dielectric layer is disposed between the gate and the electrode;

[0008] The dielectric layer comprises a porous zwitterionic polymer film.

[0009] Optionally, the dielectric layer is composed of a porous zwitterionic polymer.

[0010] Optionally, the zwitterion is selected from at least one of compounds of formulas I to IV:

[0011] ;

[0012] Where x = 1~2; y = 2~5;

[0013] Optionally, the raw materials for the polymer include pentafluorophenol acrylate and polyethyleneimine.

[0014] Optionally, the polymer is obtained by crosslinking pentafluorophenol acrylate and polyethyleneimine via in-situ ammonolysis.

[0015] Optionally, the dielectric layer thickness is 10~100μm.

[0016] Optionally, the dielectric layer thickness is selected from any value of 10 μm, 20 μm, 40 μm, 60 μm, 80 μm, 100 μm, or any value between two of them.

[0017] Optionally, the gate is a silicon wafer or ITO glass.

[0018] Optionally, the electrode is made of at least one of gold and aluminum.

[0019] During the research process, the inventors of this application discovered that the positioning function of the sensor with biomimetic olfactory positioning function in the technical solution of this application is mainly based on the synergistic effect of porous structure and the good chemical and thermal stability of zwitterions. Therefore, it exhibits strong synaptic behavior, such as paired pulse action, which will lead to the sensor having adjustable memory learning and forgetting characteristics, thereby endowing the sensor with positioning ability.

[0020] According to another aspect of this application, a method for fabricating the aforementioned sensor with biomimetic olfactory localization function is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1. A mixture containing pentafluorophenol acrylate, polyethyleneimine and polymethyl methacrylate is coated on the gate surface, annealed, and the polymethyl methacrylate is dissolved to form a porous film.

[0022] S2. Immerse the porous film formed in step S1 in a zwitterionic solution and perform ammonolysis to form a dielectric layer containing the porous zwitterionic polymer film.

[0023] S3. Metal electrodes are deposited on the surface of the dielectric layer in step S2 to obtain the sensor with biomimetic olfactory positioning function.

[0024] Optionally, the electrode is made of at least one of gold and aluminum.

[0025] Optionally, in step S1, the gate is a gate whose surface is treated with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0026] Optionally, in step S1, the coating is spin coating or casting coating to form a film.

[0027] Optionally, in step S1, the annealing conditions are: annealing at 60℃~80℃ for 2~3 hours.

[0028] The annealing process causes pentafluorophenol acrylate (pFPFA) to react with polyethyleneimine (… b Crosslinking occurs between PEI and PEI through in-situ ammonolysis.

[0029] After immersion in chloroform to completely remove polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), a porous film is formed.

[0030] Optionally, the method for dissolving polymethyl methacrylate includes thorough immersion in an organic solvent selected from at least one of benzene, toluene, dichloromethane, chloroform, and acetone.

[0031] Optionally, the mixing step of the mixture includes: mixing the polyethyleneimine solution and the polymethyl methacrylate solution, and then adding them to the pentafluorophenol acrylate solution.

[0032] The above mixing steps result in a polymer solution encapsulating polymethyl methacrylate.

[0033] Optionally, the concentrations of the pentafluorophenol acrylate solution and the polyethyleneimine solution are independently 5-10 mg / mL; the concentration of the polymethyl methacrylate solution is independently 25-50 mg / mL.

[0034] Optionally, the pentafluorophenol acrylate solution, polyethyleneimine solution, and polymethyl methacrylate solution further include toluene and chloroform independently, wherein the volume ratio of toluene to chloroform is 1:1 to 19.

[0035] Optionally, the volume ratio of the pentafluorophenol acrylate solution, the polyethyleneimine solution, and the polymethyl methacrylate solution is (4~8):(1.1~2.2):1.

[0036] Optionally, the amount of the coating mixture is 120~180 μL.

[0037] Optionally, in step S2, the ammonolysis reaction is an in-situ ammonolysis reaction between a porous polymer and an amino-containing zwitterion.

[0038] Optionally, in step S2, the reaction time of the ammonolysis reaction is 3-4 hours.

[0039] Optionally, the concentration of the zwitterionic solution is 10~50 mg / mL.

[0040] Optionally, the zwitterion is selected from at least one of compounds of formulas I to IV:

[0041] ;

[0042] Where x = 1~2; y = 2~5.

[0043] Optionally, the concentration of the zwitterionic solution is selected from any value of 10 mg / mL, 20 mg / mL, 30 mg / mL, 40 mg / mL, 50 mg / mL, or any range between two.

[0044] Optionally, the zwitterionic solution further includes trifluoroethanol and chloroform, wherein the volume ratio of trifluoroethanol to chloroform is 1:1 to 6.

[0045] Optionally, in step S3, the conditions for depositing the metal electrode are: depositing the metal electrode through a mask at a rate of 0.1~5 Å / s, with a deposition thickness of 40~80 nm.

[0046] Optionally, in step S3, the vapor-deposited metal electrode is a gold electrode directly vapor-deposited on a porous zwitterionic polymer film.

[0047] Optionally, in step S3, the surface-deposited metal electrode is obtained by transferring the sensor into an organometallic vacuum thermal evaporation apparatus and depositing a gold electrode through a specially designed mask at a rate of 0.1~5 Å / s. The thickness of the deposited electrode is 40 nm~80 nm, and after the deposition is completed, the electrode is cooled in a glove box for 0.5~2 h.

[0048] The high sensitivity of the sensor and sensor device with biomimetic olfactory positioning function in this application to DMC is determined by the zwitterionic and porous structure of the dielectric layer.

[0049] According to another aspect of this application, a sensor with biomimetic olfactory positioning function as described above, a sensor with biomimetic olfactory positioning function prepared by the above preparation method, and at least one of the following applications in the precise positioning of DMC leak sites in a DMC precise positioning analysis system are also provided.

[0050] Optionally, it includes a DMC precision positioning analysis system consisting of at least four sensors with biomimetic olfactory positioning capabilities;

[0051] Optionally, the DMC precision positioning analysis system also includes a screen that displays the real-time capacitance of a sensor with bionic olfactory positioning function.

[0052] Optionally, at least four sensors with bionic olfactory positioning functions in the DMC precision positioning analysis system are connected to the same circuit to obtain a sensor device with precision positioning capability.

[0053] Optionally, the precise positioning method includes:

[0054] S11. Pulse data of the DMC leakage site obtained by the sensor with bionic olfactory positioning function on the sensor device;

[0055] S22. Convert the DMC pulse data into the distance r between the midpoint of the DMC and the two relatively set sensors with bionic olfactory positioning function;

[0056] S33. A moving sensor device that determines the distance between the sensor device and the DMC leak location by the change in distance r.

[0057] Optionally, the distance r is calculated using the following method:

[0058] r = Formula (I)

[0059] Equation (I) can be rewritten as:

[0060] Equation (II)

[0061] In formula (II):

[0062]

[0063]

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] “ d "The distance between any pair of sensors 1 and 2 with biomimetic olfactory positioning function" V "This refers to the DMC pulse propagation speed." The azimuth of the DMC, L 1-2 "This represents the propagation distance of the DMC pulse during the time interval t1~t2." r "This is the distance between the DMC and the midpoint of the sensor circuits 1 and 2, which have bionic olfactory positioning function."

[0067] Optionally, the sensor device includes a circuit board, which uses an STM32 as the main controller for the entire system, for data collection and positioning calculation.

[0068] Optionally, the sensor device may also include a screen that displays the real-time capacitance of the four sensors.

[0069] A sensor device consisting of four DMC sensors (sensor 1, sensor 2, sensor 3, and sensor 4) and a screen displaying the real-time capacitance of the four sensors forms a DMC precise positioning analysis system. The four identical DMC sensors are precisely placed at the corners of a square with a diagonal length of d, where sensors 1 and 2 are vertically aligned, and sensors 3 and 4 are horizontally aligned. When a pulse from the DMC at any location propagates towards the sensors at a given constant speed, it passes through sensor 1 vertically at t1 and then through sensor 2 at t2. This causes the capacitance of both sensors to decrease rapidly and then recover slowly. Here, the DMC can be considered as presynaptic input 1 (PRE 1) for sensor 1 and PRE 2 for sensor 2. Therefore, the corresponding capacitance changes can be seen as postsynaptic output 1 (POST 1) for sensor 1 and POST 2 for sensor 2. At t2, POST 2 reaches its minimum value, while POST 1 has gradually recovered. The ratio of POST 2 to POST 1 (C2 / C1) at t2 is determined by Δt. 1-2 Determined. When Δt 1-2 =0, C2 / C1 is greater than 1. The temperature is 90℃. When Δt 1-2 When C2 / C1 is positive, C2 / C1 is greater than 1, and C2 / C1 changes with Δt. 1-2 It increases with the increase of Δt. 1-2 When the value is negative, C2 / C1 is less than 1, and this relationship increases with Δt. 1-2 The value decreases as the value increases. Therefore, this time-varying C2 / C1 relationship is crucial for determining the azimuth angle. It provides one approach. But and- The same C2 / C1 is given (symmetrically positioned relative to the vertical axis). Therefore, sensors 1 and 2 cannot completely determine the exact orientation of the DMC. Therefore, horizontally aligned sensors 3 and 4 are introduced. Similarly, the DMC azimuth angle β can be determined by C4 / C3. β and β can ensure accurate spatiotemporal information processing, thus enabling the precise location of the DMC to be found.

[0070] In this application, DMC refers to dimethyl carbonate.

[0071] The accurate location performance of the biomimetic olfactory positioning sensor and sensor device in this application for DMC leaks stems from the combined effect of the high sensitivity of the biomimetic olfactory positioning sensor and the distance r acquisition method. The technical solution of this application achieves accurate location of DMC leaks while possessing high sensitivity, durability, and excellent intelligent biomimetic positioning characteristics, overcoming the lack of positioning capabilities in traditional sensors.

[0072] The beneficial effects that this application can produce include:

[0073] The sensor with biomimetic olfactory localization function provided in this application adopts a porous structure with synergistic effect and zwitterionic polymer with good chemical and thermal stability. The sensor has high sensitivity, discrimination, excellent durability and typical synaptic behavior, which endows the sensor with localization ability. The sensor device composed of at least two sensors with biomimetic olfactory localization function can accurately locate the DMC leakage site. Attached Figure Description

[0074] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a sensor device consisting of four sensors with biomimetic olfactory positioning functions distributed at the four corners of a square, as described in an embodiment of this application, where d represents the distance between two sensors that are positioned opposite each other.

[0075] Figure 2 This is a physical diagram of a sensor device consisting of four sensors with biomimetic olfactory positioning functions, as shown in Embodiment 5 of this application.

[0076] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the DMC pulses that pass through four sensors continuously in Test Example 1 of this application, where (a) and (c) are when passing through sensors 1 and 2, and (b) is when passing through sensors 3 and 4.

[0077] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the change in capacitance over time of (a) sensors 1 and 2, and (b) sensors 3 and 4 caused by the DMC pulse in the embodiments of this application.

[0078] Figure 5 For example, in embodiment (a) of this application, C2 / C1 and Δt 1-2 Relationship with DMC azimuth angle α, (b) C4 / C3, Δt3 4. Relationship with DMC azimuth angle β.

[0079] Figure 6 This is an azimuth correction diagram of C4 / C3 on C2 / C1 in the embodiments of this application.

[0080] Figure 7 This is a comparison of three individual blind angle measurements with actual angle measurements in the embodiments of this application.

[0081] Figure 8 The capacitance response and recovery curves are from the DMC test of the embodiments of this application.

[0082] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the material structure of the sensor with biomimetic olfactory positioning function in the embodiments of this application.

[0083] Attached Figure Labels

[0084] 1. Electrode; 2. Dielectric layer; 3. Gate. Detailed Implementation

[0085] The present application is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but the present application is not limited to these embodiments.

[0086] In the embodiments of this application, pentafluorophenyl acrylate (pFPFA) and zwitterions were synthesized by literature (refer to Woodfield PA, Zhu Y, Pei Y, et al. Hydrophobically modified sulfobetainecopolymers with tunable aqueous UCST through postpolymerization modification of poly (pentafluorophenyl acrylate)[J]. Macromolecules, 2014, 47(2): 750-762). Other raw materials were purchased commercially, of which polyethyleneimine (bPEI) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were purchased from Shanghai Bid Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0087] The analysis method in the embodiments of this application is as follows:

[0088] Sensor capacitance was analyzed using a precision LCR digital bridge (TH 2827C).

[0089] The positioning calculation formula in the embodiments of this application is as follows:

[0090]

[0091]

[0092]

[0093] (1)

[0094] Formula (1) can be rewritten as formula (2).

[0095] r = (2)

[0096] (3)

[0097] in" d "This refers to the distance between sensor 1 and sensor 2, which are set relatively to each other." V "This refers to the DMC pulse propagation speed." The azimuth of the DMC,L 1-2 "This represents the propagation distance of the DMC pulse during the time interval t1~t2." r "This refers to the distance between the DMC and the sensor circuit."

[0098] According to one embodiment of this application

[0099] Method for fabricating a sensor device for a capacitive DMC sensor with biomimetic olfactory localization function:

[0100] (1) A silicon wafer treated with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane was obtained by reacting 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane with the surface of the silicon wafer;

[0101] (2) Obtain pentafluorophenol acrylate (pFPFA) and polyethyleneimine ( b A mixed solution of PEI and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA);

[0102] (3) Under oscillation, the polyethyleneimine (in step (2)) b A mixed solution of PEI and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is added to a solution of pentafluorophenol acrylate (pFPFA) to obtain a polymer solution encapsulating polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

[0103] (4) The polymer solution obtained in step (3) is drop-coated onto the silicon wafer treated in step (1) to form a polymer film;

[0104] (5) Transfer the film processed in step (4) into a glove box and anneal it at 60℃~80℃ for 2h~3h;

[0105] (6) Immerse the film treated in step (5) in chloroform solution to remove polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and form a porous polymer film;

[0106] (7) Immerse the porous film treated in step (6) in zwitterionic solution for 2 hours to form a porous zwitterionic polymer film through in-situ ammonolysis reaction, and obtain a silicon wafer with zwitterionic polymer film as dielectric layer.

[0107] (8) Transfer the device processed in step (7) to an organic-metal vacuum thermal evaporation apparatus and deposit gold electrodes through a specially made mask at a rate of 0.1~5 Å / s. The thickness of the evaporation is 40 nm~80 nm. After the evaporation is completed, continue to cool in a glove box for 0.5~2 h to obtain the sensor.

[0108] (9) Connect the four sensors processed in step (8) to the circuit board to obtain a sensor with positioning capability.

[0109] The zwitterion is 3-((3-aminopropyl)dimethylammonium)propane-1-sulfonate (ADPS), and the in-situ aminolysis reaction is as follows:

[0110] ;

[0111] The dielectric layer thickness is 10~100μm.

[0112] pPFPA and b PEI concentrations of 5 mg / mL to 10 mg / mL in a toluene-chloroform mixture (1 / 1 to 19, V / V), and PMMA concentrations of 25 mg / mL to 50 mg / mL in a toluene-chloroform mixture (1 / 1 to 19, V / V), pPFPA and b The amounts of PEI used were 120 μL and 32 μL, while the amounts of PMMA used were 15 μL to 30 μL. The zwitterionic solution concentration was a mixed solution of trifluoroethanol and chloroform with a concentration of 10 to 50 mg / mL (1 / 1 to 6, V / V).

[0113] Example 1

[0114] A 1.4 cm × 1.4 cm silicon wafer was ultrasonically cleaned sequentially in soapy water, deionized water, acetone, and ethanol for 20 min, and then dried with nitrogen. The cleaned wafer was then immersed in a 1.5% (vt) 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane ethanol solution and incubated in a 60°C water bath for 2 h, followed by drying with nitrogen. pPFPA was then prepared separately. b A 32 μL mixture of PEI and PMMA in toluene and chloroform (1 / 19, v / v) at concentrations of 10 mg / mL, 10 mg / mL, and 25 mg / mL, respectively, was taken. b After PEI and 15 μL PMMA were mixed thoroughly, 120 μL pPFPA was added under shaking. After shaking until homogeneous, 150 μL of the mixed solution was drop-coated onto the treated silicon wafer. Once the film formed, the silicon wafer was transferred to a glove box and annealed at 60°C for 2 h. The annealed silicon wafer was then immersed in chloroform solution to remove PMMA, forming a porous structure. Finally, the silicon wafer was immersed in 20 mg / mL ADPS solution (trifluoroethanol / chloroform, 4 / 6, V / V) for 3 h to introduce zwitterions through an ammonolysis reaction, forming a zwitterionic polymer film. After the above steps were completed, the silicon wafer was transferred to an organometallic vacuum thermal evaporation apparatus and deposited at a rate of 0.5 Å / s onto a 1 mm diameter copper drum mask. Gold electrodes of 1 mm thickness and 40 nm-80 nm thickness were deposited by vapor deposition and then cooled for 2 hours to obtain a sensor with biomimetic olfactory positioning function. The four sensors prepared above were connected to a circuit to obtain a sensor device with positioning capabilities.

[0115] Example 2

[0116] A 1.4 cm × 1.4 cm silicon wafer was ultrasonically cleaned sequentially in soapy water, deionized water, acetone, and ethanol for 20 min, and then dried with nitrogen. The cleaned wafer was then immersed in a 1.5% (vt) 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane ethanol solution and incubated in a 60°C water bath for 2 h, followed by drying with nitrogen. pPFPA was then prepared separately. b A 32 μL mixture of PEI and PMMA in toluene and chloroform (1 / 19, v / v) at concentrations of 10 mg / mL, 10 mg / mL, and 25 mg / mL, respectively, was taken. b After PEI and 30 μL PMMA were mixed thoroughly, 120 μL pPFPA was added under shaking. After shaking until homogeneous, 150 μL of the mixed solution was drop-coated onto the treated silicon wafer. Once the film formed, the silicon wafer was transferred to a glove box and annealed at 60°C for 2 h. The annealed silicon wafer was then immersed in chloroform solution to remove PMMA, forming a porous structure. Finally, the silicon wafer was immersed in 20 mg / mL ADPS solution (solvent: trifluoroethanol / chloroform, 4 / 6, V / V) for 3 h to introduce zwitterions through an ammonolysis reaction, forming a zwitterionic polymer film. After the above steps were completed, the silicon wafer was transferred to an organometallic vacuum thermal evaporation apparatus and deposited at a rate of 0.5 Å / s onto a 1 mm diameter copper drum mask. Gold electrodes of 1 mm thickness and 40 nm-80 nm thickness were deposited by vapor deposition and then cooled for 2 hours to obtain a sensor with biomimetic olfactory positioning function. The four sensors prepared above were connected to a circuit to obtain a sensor device with positioning capabilities.

[0117] Example 3

[0118] A 1.4 cm × 1.4 cm silicon wafer was ultrasonically cleaned sequentially in soapy water, deionized water, acetone, and ethanol for 20 min, and then dried with nitrogen. The cleaned wafer was then immersed in a 1.5% (vt) 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane ethanol solution and incubated in a 60°C water bath for 2 h, followed by drying with nitrogen. pPFPA was then prepared separately. b A 32 μL mixture of PEI and PMMA in toluene and chloroform (1 / 19, v / v) at concentrations of 10 mg / mL, 10 mg / mL, and 50 mg / mL, respectively, was taken. bAfter PEI and 23 μL PMMA were mixed thoroughly, 120 μL pPFPA was added under shaking. After shaking until homogeneous, 150 μL of the mixed solution was drop-coated onto the treated silicon wafer. Once the film formed, the silicon wafer was transferred to a glove box and annealed at 60°C for 2 h. The annealed silicon wafer was then immersed in chloroform solution to remove PMMA, forming a porous structure. Finally, the silicon wafer was immersed in 20 mg / mL ADPS solution (solvent: trifluoroethanol / chloroform, 4 / 6, V / V) for 3 h to introduce zwitterions through an ammonolysis reaction, forming a zwitterionic polymer film. After the above steps were completed, the silicon wafer was transferred to an organometallic vacuum thermal evaporation apparatus, and a 1 mm diameter photomask was deposited at a rate of 0.5 Å / s using a specially made copper drum photomask. Gold electrodes of 1 mm thickness and 40 nm-80 nm thickness were deposited by vapor deposition and then cooled for 2 hours to obtain a sensor with biomimetic olfactory localization function. The four sensors prepared above were connected to a circuit to obtain a sensor device with localization capability.

[0119] Example 4

[0120] A 1.4 cm × 1.4 cm silicon wafer was ultrasonically cleaned sequentially in soapy water, deionized water, acetone, and ethanol for 20 min, and then dried with nitrogen. The cleaned wafer was then immersed in a 1.5% (vt) 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane ethanol solution and incubated in a 60°C water bath for 2 h, followed by drying with nitrogen. pPFPA was then prepared separately. b A 32 μL mixture of PEI and PMMA in toluene and chloroform (1 / 19, v / v) at concentrations of 10 mg / mL, 10 mg / mL, and 50 mg / mL, respectively, was taken. b After PEI and 30 μL PMMA were mixed thoroughly, 120 μL pPFPA was added under shaking. After shaking until homogeneous, 150 μL of the mixed solution was drop-coated onto the treated silicon wafer. Once the film formed, the silicon wafer was transferred to a glove box and annealed at 60°C for 2 h. The annealed silicon wafer was then immersed in chloroform solution to remove PMMA, forming a porous structure. Finally, the silicon wafer was immersed in 20 mg / mL ADPS solution (solvent: trifluoroethanol / chloroform, 4 / 6, V / V) for 3 h to introduce zwitterions through an ammonolysis reaction, forming a zwitterionic polymer film. After the above steps were completed, the silicon wafer was transferred to an organometallic vacuum thermal evaporation apparatus and deposited at a rate of 0.5 Å / s onto a 1 mm diameter copper drum mask. Gold electrodes of 1 mm thickness and 40 nm-80 nm thickness were deposited by vapor deposition and then cooled for 2 hours to obtain a sensor with biomimetic olfactory positioning function. The four sensors prepared above were connected to a circuit to obtain a sensor device with positioning capabilities.

[0121] Example 5

[0122] like Figure 1 As shown, the four sensors (sensor 1, sensor 2, sensor 3, and sensor 4) with biomimetic olfactory localization function obtained in Embodiment 1 are distributed at each corner of a square with a d value of 21.2 cm on a circuit board to obtain a sensor device with localization capability. Sensors 1 and 2 are vertically aligned, while sensors 3 and 4 are horizontally aligned. The actual object is shown in the figure. Figure 2 As shown, it also includes a screen that displays the real-time capacitance of the four sensors.

[0123] Test Example 1

[0124] The sensor device with positioning capability in Example 5 is used to detect DMC sources and perform single blind tests on three DMC sources.

[0125] A schematic diagram of DMC pulses passing through four sensors continuously is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, L1 , L2 , r , d and α The geometric relationship between them is as follows Figure 3 As shown, where " d "This represents the distance between sensor 1 and sensor 2." The azimuth of the DMC, t 1-2 "This represents the time difference between t1 and t2 for the DMC pulse." L 1-2 "This represents the propagation distance of the DMC pulse during the time interval t1~t2." r " is the distance between the DMC and the midpoint between sensors 1 and 2 in the circuit. The situation of sensors 3 and 4 is the same as that of sensors 1 and 2. "β" is the azimuth angle of the DMC with sensors 3 and 4 as the reference.

[0126] C2 / C1 refers to the capacitance ratio of sensors 1 and 2, which have bionic olfactory positioning function, and C4 / C3 refers to the capacitance ratio of sensors 3 and 4, which have bionic olfactory positioning function.

[0127] When a pulse from a DMC at any location propagates toward the sensor at a given constant speed, it passes through sensor 1 at t1 in the vertical direction and then through sensor 2 at t2. Figure 3 a). This causes the capacitance of both sensors to drop rapidly, and then recover slowly. Figure 4a) Here, DMC can be considered as the presynaptic input (presynaptic input 1 = PRE 1) for sensor 1, and (presynaptic input 2 = PRE 2) for sensor 2. Therefore, the corresponding capacitance change can be considered as the postsynaptic output of sensor 1 (postsynaptic output 1 = POST 1) and the postsynaptic output of sensor 2 (postsynaptic output 2 = POST 2). At t2, POST2 reaches its minimum value, while POST 1 has gradually recovered. The ratio of POST 2 to POST 1 (C2 / C1, Figure 5 a) At t2, due to Δt 1-2 Confirmed. As shown in the figure, when Δt 1-2 =0, C2 / C1 is greater than 1. The temperature is 90℃. When Δt 1-2 When C2 / C1 is positive, C2 / C1 is greater than 1, and C2 / C1 changes with Δt. 1-2 It increases with the increase of Δt. 1-2 When the value is negative, C2 / C1 is less than 1, and this relationship increases with Δt. 1-2 The value decreases as the value increases. Therefore, this time-varying C2 / C1 relationship is crucial for determining the azimuth angle. It provides one approach. But and- The same C2 / C1 is given (symmetrically positioned relative to the vertical axis). Therefore, sensors 1 and 2 cannot completely determine the exact orientation of the DMC. Therefore, horizontally aligned sensors 3 and 4 are introduced. Similarly, the DMC azimuth angle β can be determined by C4 / C3. Figure 3 b, Figure 4 b, and Figure 5 b). Combining And β can ensure accurate spatiotemporal information processing, thus enabling the precise location of the DMC to be found. Figure 6 ).

[0128] Three blind tests were conducted to evaluate the ability of the sensor circuit to detect DMC. Capacitance changes of the four sensors were recorded. The capacitance response and recovery curves for the DMC tests are shown below. Figure 8 As shown, C2 / C1 at t2 and C4 / C3 at t4 are obtained. The graph of the fitted data (C2 / C1, C4 / C3) to C4 / C3 / C2 / C1 is shown below. Figure 6 As shown, the calibrated azimuth gives the location of the DMC. From Figure 7 It can be seen that blind test 1 and blind test 3 detected The β value deviates from the actual value by 2 degrees. In the blind test, 2 is detected. The deviation of β from the actual angle is only 1 degree. Furthermore, the distance between the DMC and the sensor... r It can be determined by formula (2).

[0129] The above description is merely a few embodiments of this application and is not intended to limit this application in any way. Although this application discloses preferred embodiments as described above, it is not intended to limit this application. Any changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this application using the disclosed technical content are equivalent to equivalent implementation cases and fall within the scope of the technical solution.

Claims

1. A DMC precise positioning analysis system, characterized in that, It includes a sensor device consisting of at least four sensors with biomimetic olfactory positioning capabilities and a main controller; The sensor with biomimetic olfactory localization function includes a gate, a dielectric layer, and electrodes; The dielectric layer is disposed between the gate and the electrode; The dielectric layer comprises a porous zwitterionic polymer film; The at least four sensors with biomimetic olfactory positioning function are located at the corners of the square, with two sensors vertically aligned and the other two sensors horizontally aligned. The main controller is used to acquire pulse data of the DMC leak location obtained by the sensor on the sensor device, and calculates the leak source distance r based on the time difference of the DMC pulse arriving at the sensor, according to the following formula (I): r = Equation (I) Where d is the length of the diagonal of the square. L 1-2 The distance the DMC pulse travels within the time difference. α It is the azimuth angle; Furthermore, the L 1-2 It is calculated using the following formula: ； The main controller is also used to: obtain the azimuth angle α using the first set of sensors, obtain the azimuth angle β using the second set of sensors, and determine the unique azimuth of the leakage source on the two-dimensional plane based on the orthogonal relationship between the azimuth angle α and the azimuth angle β, in conjunction with the distance r of the leakage source. The first group of sensors consists of two vertically aligned sensors, and the second group of sensors consists of two horizontally aligned sensors.

2. The DMC precise positioning analysis system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The zwitterion is selected from at least one of the compounds of formulas I to IV: ； Where x = 1~2; y = 2~5; The polymer is made from pentafluorophenol acrylate and polyethyleneimine.

3. The DMC precise positioning analysis system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dielectric layer has a thickness of 10~100μm; The gate is a silicon wafer or ITO glass; The electrode is made of at least one of gold and aluminum.

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