Structural interpretation method, device, storage medium and equipment for complex thrust structure areas

Abstract

The present invention provides a structural interpretation method, device, storage medium and equipment for a complex thrust structure area. Remote sensing image data, gravity data and original 2D seismic profiles are collected; faults are interpreted based on the remote sensing image and linear features in the gravity data to obtain fault information; the fault information of each fault is determined and then the position information and fault throw information of each fault are determined; the formation period of each fault is divided; the position information and fault throw information of each fault are used as constraint data to interpret the original 2D seismic profile to obtain stratigraphic data and the vertical structural style of the fault; balanced profile restoration is performed, and the vertical movement displacement and horizontal sliding displacement are calculated based on the position coordinates of the first key profile point and the second key profile point on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile. Rapidly and accurately characterize the geological characteristics of the complex thrust belt area in the foreland basin and restore the structural evolution history, thereby achieving a quantitative evaluation of the compression and uplift of the thrust belt.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of petroleum geology in the petroleum exploration industry, and in particular relates to a structural interpretation method, device, storage medium and equipment for a complex thrust structure area. Background Art

[0002] The tectonic thrust of foreland thrust belts is a combined force, a vector force composed of vertical uplift and horizontal extension forces. The combined action of these two forces controls the sedimentary filling characteristics of the thrust belt. Vertical uplift produces thrust faults, which generate vertical displacements, causing uplift of the thrust belt mountains, subsidence of the basin, and the creation of accommodation space. Horizontal extension produces strike-slip faults, which generate horizontal sliding displacements and advance the provenance. Studying the vertical uplift and horizontal compressional shortening of foreland basin thrust belts can effectively characterize tectonic characteristics and reconstruct tectonic evolution history, which is crucial for the study of oil and gas accumulation.

[0003] Current structural interpretation methods require extensive drilling and 3D seismic data, making them inapplicable to structurally complex areas where these data are unavailable, with only limited, low-quality 2D seismic data. Therefore, a structural interpretation solution for complex thrust structures is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a structural interpretation method, device, storage medium and equipment for a complex thrust structure area.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a structural interpretation method for a complex thrust structure area, comprising:

[0006] Collect remote sensing image data, gravity data and original 2D seismic profiles in areas with complex thrust structures;

[0007] Interpreting faults based on linear features in remote sensing images and linear features in gravity data to obtain fault information, wherein the fault information includes fault length, fault strike, fault location, and fault distance;

[0008] Based on the fracture information obtained after interpreting the fracture based on the linear features in the remote sensing image and gravity data, the fracture information of each fracture is determined, and then the position information and fault distance information of each fracture are determined;

[0009] Divide the formation stages of each fault in the structurally complex area;

[0010] Using the location information and fault throw information of each fault as constraint data, interpreting the original 2D seismic profile to obtain horizon data and the vertical structural pattern of the fault;

[0011] Performing balanced section restoration on the original 2D seismic section to obtain a balanced 2D seismic section;

[0012] For each period of faults, the vertical motion displacement is calculated based on the position coordinates of the first key profile point on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile, and the horizontal sliding displacement is calculated based on the position coordinates of the second key profile point on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile.

[0013] In some embodiments, interpreting fractures and obtaining fracture information based on linear features in remote sensing images includes:

[0014] Interpret the faults and obtain the fault information based on the linear characteristic marks of the faults in the remote sensing image data.

[0015] In some embodiments, interpreting fractures based on linear features in gravity data and obtaining fracture information includes:

[0016] The fault direction is obtained after interpreting the fault based on the linear characteristics of remote sensing images, and the direction of the second-order derivative of gravity in the horizontal direction is determined. Then, the fault is interpreted based on the second-order derivative of gravity in the horizontal direction and the fault information is obtained.

[0017] In some embodiments, determining the fracture information of each fracture based on the fracture information obtained after interpreting the fracture based on the linear features in the remote sensing image and gravity data includes:

[0018] For each fault, the maximum value of the fault lengths obtained after interpreting the fault based on the linear features in the remote sensing image and gravity data is determined as the fault length;

[0019] For each fault, the average value of the fault direction obtained after interpreting the fault based on the linear features in remote sensing images and gravity data is determined as the fault direction;

[0020] For each fault, the average value of the fault position obtained after interpreting the fault based on the linear features in the remote sensing image and gravity data is determined as the fault position;

[0021] For each fault, the maximum fault distance obtained after interpreting the fault based on the linear features in remote sensing images and gravity data is determined as the fault distance.

[0022] In some embodiments, determining the location information and the distance information of each fracture includes:

[0023] According to the fracture length, fracture direction, fracture position and fracture distance of each fracture, the following formula is used to determine the position information and fracture distance information;

[0024] S1(i)=λ if(L(i), A(i), X(i), Y(i))

[0025] S2(i)=λ i f(F(i))

[0026] Among them, S1(i) is the location information;

[0027] S2(i) is the fault distance information;

[0028] L(i) is the fracture length;

[0029] A(i) is the fault direction;

[0030] X(i) and Y(i) are the longitude and latitude of the fault location;

[0031] F(i) is the fault distance;

[0032] λ i is the weight coefficient;

[0033] f() represents the data matrix;

[0034] i is the fracture number.

[0035] In some embodiments, using the position information and fault throw information of each fault as constraint data, interpreting the original 2D seismic profile to obtain the horizon data and the vertical structural pattern of the fault includes:

[0036] Using the location and throw information of each fault as constraint data, the seismic reflection horizons are tracked and interpreted according to the 2D seismic wave group characteristics and seismic layer velocity characteristics, the top and bottom surfaces of the target layer in the depth domain are obtained and stratigraphic data are formed. Based on the key tectonic events and lithological characteristics of the basin in the complex thrust structure area, the structural layers are divided, and the vertical structural style of the fault in the original 2D seismic profile is analyzed.

[0037] In some embodiments, for each phase of faults, calculating the vertical motion displacement based on the position coordinates of a first key section point on the original 2D seismic section and the balanced 2D seismic section, and calculating the horizontal sliding displacement based on the position coordinates of a second key section point on the original 2D seismic section and the balanced 2D seismic section, includes:

[0038] ΔH Q(i) =h(H Q(i) (x0,y0),H Q(i) (x1,y1))

[0039] ΔV Q(i) =v(V Q(i) (x0,y0),V Q(i) (x1,y1))

[0040] Where ΔH Q(i) is the vertical displacement

[0041] ΔV Q(i) is the horizontal sliding displacement;

[0042] Q(i) is the period of the rupture;

[0043] H Q(i) (x0,y0),H Q(i) (x1, y1) are the position coordinates of the first key section point on the original 2D seismic section and the balanced 2D seismic section respectively;

[0044] V Q(i) (x0,y0),V Q(i) (x1, y1) are the position coordinates of the second key section point on the original 2D seismic section and the balanced 2D seismic section respectively;

[0045] h() is a function for obtaining the horizontal distance between the first key section points on the original 2D seismic section and the balanced 2D seismic section;

[0046] v() is a vertical distance function between the second key section points on the original 2D seismic section and the balanced 2D seismic section.

[0047] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a structural interpretation device for a complex thrust structure area, comprising:

[0048] Data collection module, used to collect remote sensing image data, gravity data and original 2D seismic profiles in areas with complex thrust structures;

[0049] A fracture interpretation module, for interpreting fractures based on linear features in remote sensing images and linear features in gravity data, and obtaining fracture information, wherein the fracture information includes fracture length, fracture direction, fracture location, and fracture distance;

[0050] The information determination module determines the fracture information of each fracture based on the fracture information obtained after interpreting the linear features in the remote sensing image and gravity data, and further determines the position information and fault distance information of each fracture;

[0051] The stage division module is used to divide the formation stages of each fault in the complex structural area;

[0052] A profile interpretation module is used to interpret the original 2D seismic profile to obtain layer data and vertical structural patterns of the fault using the location information and fault throw information of each fault as constraint data;

[0053] A profile recovery module, configured to perform balanced profile recovery on the original 2D seismic profile to obtain a balanced 2D seismic profile;

[0054] The displacement calculation module is used to calculate the vertical movement displacement of each period of fault based on the position coordinates of the first key profile point on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile, and to calculate the horizontal sliding displacement based on the position coordinates of the second key profile point on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile.

[0055] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed by one or more processors, the structural interpretation method for a complex thrust structure area as described in the first aspect is implemented.

[0056] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device comprising a memory and one or more processors, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the one or more processors, the structural interpretation method for a complex thrust structure area as described in the first aspect is implemented.

[0057] Compared with the prior art, one or more embodiments of the present invention have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0058] The present invention, by comprehensively utilizing remote sensing, gravity and 2D seismic data, proceeds from the regional tectonic background, the dynamic mechanism of fault formation and the tectonic evolution process to achieve a systematic and comprehensive study of the spatial distribution characteristics of faults, structural characteristics and tectonic evolution process in the tectonic complex area of ​​the foreland basin thrust belt, quickly and accurately characterizes the geological characteristics of the tectonic complex area of ​​the foreland basin thrust belt and restores the tectonic evolution history, and achieves a quantitative evaluation of the compression and uplift of the thrust belt, thus laying the foundation for the study of oil and gas accumulation and distribution laws. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope.

[0060] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a structural interpretation method for a complex thrust structure area provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 2 The results of interpreting faults using remote sensing images provided by an embodiment of the present invention are as follows;

[0062] Figure 3This is a Bouguer gravity anomaly diagram for interpreting a hidden fault provided by an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is the original Bouguer gravity data, (b) is the calculation result of the original Bouguer gravity horizontal second-order derivative at 45°, and (c) is the calculation result of the original Bouguer gravity horizontal second-order derivative at 135°;

[0063] Figure 4 This is the result of interpretation of the vertical structural pattern of the fault provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 5 is the balance profile recovery result provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 6 This is a block diagram of a structural interpretation device for a complex thrust structure area provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0067] The thrust tectonic effect of foreland thrust belts is a combined force, a vector force composed of vertical uplift and horizontal extension forces. The combined action of these two forces controls the sedimentary filling characteristics of the thrust belt. Vertical uplift produces thrust faults, which generate vertical displacements, causing uplift of the thrust belt mountains, subsidence of the basin, and the creation of accommodative space. Horizontal extension produces strike-slip faults, which generate horizontal sliding displacements and advance the provenance. Studying the vertical uplift and horizontal compressional shortening of foreland basin thrust belts can effectively characterize tectonic characteristics and reconstruct tectonic evolution history, which is crucial for the study of oil and gas accumulation.

[0068] In the relevant technologies, commonly used methods for structural interpretation include: a quantitative characterization method for the intensity of growth fault activity (CN106772602B); a method for restoring the evolutionary history of fault formation (CN106990450A); a quantitative prediction method for the development law of low-order faults in uplift areas (CN106291755B); a method for combining well and seismic data to identify repeated strata (CN111399054A); a comprehensive modeling method for complex piedmont tectonic belts and the established geological structure model (CN103955007), etc. However, these methods require the support of a large amount of drilling data and 3D seismic data, and are not applicable to structurally complex areas where there is no drilling data and 3D seismic data, and only a small amount of poor-quality 2D seismic data.

[0069] Therefore, the embodiments of the present invention provide a structural interpretation method, apparatus, storage medium and equipment for a complex thrust structure area. By comprehensively utilizing remote sensing, gravity and 2D seismic data, a systematic and comprehensive study of the spatial distribution characteristics, structural characteristics and structural evolution process of the fault in the complex thrust structure area is achieved, thereby laying the foundation for the study of oil and gas accumulation and distribution laws.

[0070] Example 1

[0071] Figure 1 A flow chart of structural interpretation method for complex thrust structure areas is shown in Figure 1 As shown, the structural interpretation method for a complex thrust structure area of ​​this embodiment includes steps S101 to S107:

[0072] Step S101: collecting remote sensing image data, gravity data and original 2D seismic profiles of a complex thrust structure area.

[0073] In practical applications, remote sensing image data can include high-precision Global Land Survery image data, and gravity data can include original Bouguer gravity data with an accuracy of 1'x1'; collect regional tectonic evolution history and tectonic stress field data, and form an overall understanding of the tectonic evolution and characteristics of the area.

[0074] Step S102: interpreting faults based on linear features in remote sensing images and linear features in gravity data to obtain fault information.

[0075] Among them, the fracture information includes fracture length, fracture direction, fracture position and fracture distance.

[0076] In some cases, faults are interpreted and fracture information is obtained based on linear features in remote sensing images, including:

[0077] Step S102a: interpret the faults based on the linear characteristic marks of the faults in the remote sensing image data and obtain the fault information.

[0078] In practical applications, before interpreting faults and obtaining fault information based on linear features in remote sensing images, it is necessary to perform preprocessing such as band synthesis, mosaicking, fusion, and correction on the remote sensing image data so that the remote sensing image can more accurately reflect the real terrain and meet the interpretation requirements.

[0079] In practical applications, the linear characteristic signs of fractures in remote sensing images include but are not limited to: changes in remote sensing image tone (such as the appearance of a certain color abnormality band), abnormal water network (such as right-angled water systems, beaded lake depressions, etc.), and tectonic landforms (such as fault cliffs, fault triangles, steep slopes, valleys, etc.).

[0080] The fracture information obtained by interpreting the fracture linear characteristic marks in the remote sensing image data is as follows: the fracture length is L1(i) and the fracture direction is A1(i);

[0081] The fracture position is X1(i)={x 11 ,x 12 ,..x 1k ,…x 1n},Y1(i)={y 11 ,y 12 ,..y 1k ,…y 1n}, the elements in X1(i) and Y1(i) are the longitude and latitude of each location respectively.

[0082] The fault distance is F1(i)={f 11 ,f 12 ,..f 1k ,…f 1n}.

[0083] In some cases, faults are interpreted and fracture information is obtained based on linear features in gravity data, including:

[0084] Step S102b: Determine the direction of the second derivative of gravity in the horizontal direction based on the fault direction obtained after interpreting the fault based on the linear characteristics of the remote sensing image, and then interpret the fault based on the second derivative of gravity in the horizontal direction to obtain fault information.

[0085] The gravity field is a composite field composed of regional, local, and tectonic fields. The horizontal first derivative of the gravity field reflects the rate of change of the gravity field in a particular direction, while the horizontal second derivative is the location of the maximum value of the directional derivative in a particular direction. This maximum value can be used to highlight linear structures in the gravity field and determine the location of fault zones.

[0086] In practical applications, the direction of the horizontal second-order derivative of gravity can be determined based on the fault strike interpreted from remote sensing images. By calculating the horizontal second-order derivative of gravity at 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°, we can identify and interpret fault systems along the north-south (corresponding to 90°), northeast (corresponding to 135°), east-west (corresponding to 90°), and northwest (corresponding to 45°) directions, and measure the fault occurrence and location.

[0087] The fracture information obtained by interpreting the fracture based on the second-order derivative of gravity in the horizontal direction is as follows: the fracture length is L2(i) and the fracture direction is A2(i);

[0088] The fracture position is X2(i)={x 21 ,x 22 ,..x 2k ,…x 2n}, Y2(i)={y 21 ,y 22 ,..y 2k ,…y 2n}, the elements in X2(i) and Y2(i) are the longitude and latitude of each location respectively;

[0089] F2(i)={f 21 ,f 22 ,..f 2k ,…f 2n}.

[0090] In some cases, the gravity anomaly characteristics of hidden faults are manifested as linear gradient zones of gravity anomalies, long strip-shaped anomaly zones, regular distortions of contour lines, etc.

[0091] Step S103 : determining the fracture information of each fracture based on the fracture information obtained after interpreting the fracture based on the linear features in the remote sensing image and the gravity data, and further determining the position information and the fault distance information of each fracture.

[0092] In this embodiment, the fracture information obtained by using remote sensing images and gravity data is comprehensively analyzed in combination with geological knowledge to determine the fracture information that is ultimately used.

[0093] In some implementations, determining the fracture information of each fracture based on fracture information obtained after interpreting the fracture based on linear features in remote sensing images and gravity data includes:

[0094] For each fault, the maximum value of the fault lengths obtained after interpreting the fault based on the linear features in the remote sensing image and gravity data is determined as the fault length, that is: L(i) = max(L1(i), L2(i)).

[0095] For each fault, the average value of the fault direction obtained after interpreting the fault based on the linear features in the remote sensing image and gravity data is determined as the fault direction, that is: A(i) = average(A1(i), A2(i)).

[0096] For each fault, the average value of the fault position obtained after interpreting the fault based on the linear features in the remote sensing image and gravity data is determined as the fault position, that is:

[0097] X(i)={average(x 11 ,x 21 ),average(x 12 ,x 22 ),..average(x 1k ,x 2k ),…average(x 1n ,x 2n )};

[0098] Y(i)={average(y 11 ,y 21 ),average(y 12 ,y 22 ),..average(y 1k ,y 2k ),…average(y 1n ,y 2n )};

[0099] For each fault, the maximum fault distance obtained after interpreting the fault based on the linear features in the remote sensing image and gravity data is determined as the fault distance, that is:

[0100] F(i)={max(f 11 ,f 21 ), max(f 12 ,f 22 ),..max(f 1k ,f 2k ),…max(f 1n ,f 2n )}.

[0101] The fault property is N(i), including normal fault, reverse fault, and strike-slip fault.

[0102] Furthermore, a regional fracture constraint database is established based on the determined fracture information of each fracture, and then the position information S1 (i) and the fracture distance information S2 (i) of each fracture are determined.

[0103] In some embodiments, determining the location information and the distance information of each fracture includes:

[0104] According to the fracture length, fracture direction, fracture position and fracture distance of each fracture, the following formula is used to determine the position information and fracture distance information;

[0105] S1(i)=λ i f(L(i), A(i), X(i), Y(i))

[0106] S2(i)=λ i f(F(i))

[0107] Among them, S1(i) is the location information;

[0108] S2(i) is the fault distance information;

[0109] L(i) is the fracture length;

[0110] A(i) is the fault direction;

[0111] X(i) and Y(i) are the longitude and latitude of the fault location;

[0112] F(i) is the fault distance;

[0113] λ i is the weight coefficient;

[0114] f() represents the data matrix;

[0115] i is the fracture number.

[0116] Step S104: Divide the formation periods of each fault in the structurally complex area.

[0117] In practical applications, the tectonic evolution background, paleo-stress field properties (such as tension, compression, torsion, etc.) and tectonic deformation mechanisms of tectonic complex areas are analyzed to determine the main geological events controlling the formation of each fault, analyze the genetic dynamic mechanism of each fault, and then divide the formation stages Q(i) of each fault.

[0118] Step S105: Using the position information and fault throw information of each fault as constraint data, interpret the original 2D seismic profile to obtain the layer data and the vertical structural pattern of the fault.

[0119] In some embodiments, step S105 uses the position information and fault throw information of each fault as constraint data to interpret the original 2D seismic profile to obtain horizon data and the vertical structural pattern of the fault, including:

[0120] Step S105a: Using the location information and fault throw information of each fault as constraint data, according to the 2D seismic wave group characteristics and seismic layer velocity characteristics, track and interpret the seismic reflection layer, obtain the top and bottom surfaces of the target layer in the depth domain and form layer data, divide the structural layers based on the key structural events and lithological characteristics of the basin in the complex thrust structure area, and then analyze the vertical structural style of the fault in the original 2D seismic profile.

[0121] The position information S1(i) and fault throw information S2(i) of each fault are used as constraint data for the complex thrust structure area. According to the characteristics of the 2D seismic wave group and the velocity characteristics of the seismic layer, the seismic reflection layer is tracked and interpreted to obtain the top surface (Sd0) and bottom surface (Sd1) of the target layer in the depth domain, and the layer data is formed. Based on the key tectonic events and lithological characteristics of the basin in the complex thrust structure area, the structural layers are divided, and then the vertical structural style of the fault in the 2D seismic profile of the current complex thrust structure area is analyzed, such as: Y-shaped structure, flower-shaped structure, positive structure, reverse structure, and "braid" shape.

[0122] Step S106: Perform balanced profile restoration on the original 2D seismic profile to obtain a balanced 2D seismic profile.

[0123] In practical applications, the balanced profile stratum length balance inversion recovery method is applied. With the basic geological principles (such as mass-volume conservation, length conservation, etc.) and the two-dimensional seismic profile interpretation results (stratum data) as constraints, the interpreted two-dimensional seismic profile of the present structure is restored to its pre-deformation geometry. The balanced seismic profile satisfies most reasonable constraints, such as mass-volume conservation, length conservation, etc.

[0124] Step S107: For each period of faults, the vertical motion displacement is calculated based on the position coordinates of the first key profile point on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile, and the horizontal sliding displacement is calculated based on the position coordinates of the second key profile point on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile.

[0125] In this embodiment, based on the restoration of the equilibrium profile, the first key profile point H for horizontal sliding is selected in stages on the original seismic profile before restoration in combination with the geological knowledge of the area. Q(i) (x0, y0) and the second key profile point V for vertical motion displacement Q(i) (x0, y0), and then select the first key section point position information H after restoration on the balanced seismic section restored in stages Q(i) (x1, y1) and the second key profile point V Q(i) (x1, y1), calculate the vertical displacement H caused by the vertical uplift of the thrust fault Q(i) and the horizontal sliding displacement V formed by the forward expansion Q(i).

[0126] In some embodiments, for each phase of faults, vertical motion displacement is calculated based on the position coordinates of a first key profile point on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile, and horizontal sliding displacement is calculated based on the position coordinates of a second key profile point on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile, including:

[0127] ΔH Q(i) =h(H Q(i) (x0,y0),H Q(i) (x1,y1))

[0128] ΔV Q(i) =v(V Q(i) (x0,y0),V Q(i) (x1,y1))

[0129] Where ΔH Q(i) is the vertical displacement;

[0130] ΔV Q(i) is the horizontal sliding displacement;

[0131] Q(i) is the period of the rupture;

[0132] H Q(i) (x0,y0),H Q(i) (x1, y1) are the position coordinates of the first key section point on the original 2D seismic section and the balanced 2D seismic section respectively;

[0133] V Q(i) (x0,y0),V Q(i) (x1, y1) are the position coordinates of the second key section point on the original 2D seismic section and the balanced 2D seismic section respectively;

[0134] h() is the horizontal distance function between the first key profile points on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile;

[0135] v() is a function for obtaining the vertical distance between the second key profile points on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile.

[0136] The method of this embodiment can study the structural and sedimentary evolution characteristics of foreland basin thrust belts with limited geological and geophysical data. By comprehensively utilizing remote sensing images, gravity data, and a small amount of 2D seismic data, the method can quickly and accurately characterize the geological characteristics of structurally complex areas in foreland basin thrust belts and restore the structural evolution history. This allows for quantitative evaluation of compression and uplift in the thrust belts, guides the distribution of structural styles and the division of structural zones, and analyzes trap types, laying a foundation for studying the control of thrust structures on oil and gas distribution.

[0137] Example 2

[0138] This implementation provides an application example, specifically selecting the Zagros foreland basin thrust belt in northern Iraq.

[0139] (1) Collect basic data on the complex thrust structure area, including Global Land Survey image data, original Bouguer gravity data with an accuracy of 1'x1', and 2D seismic data; collect regional tectonic evolution history and tectonic stress field data, and form an overall understanding of the tectonic evolution and characteristics of the area.

[0140] The thrust structures in the Zagros foreland basin thrust belt in northern Iraq have mainly developed since the Lower Fars, and are mainly basement-involved. The Cenozoic strata also develop detachment-type thrust nappe structures related to flexible materials (salt rock, gypsum salt rock).

[0141] (2) Based on the interpretation of the linear characteristics of faults in remote sensing images, it is believed that a very dense fault network has developed in northern Iraq. The main fault systems are the northwest-southeast fault system (Najd fault system) and the northeast-southwest fault system (transverse fault system). From the perspective of the distribution of faults, in northern Iraq, east of the Great Zabi River, the main faults are northwest-southeast faults, and the folds are also mainly northwest-southeast oriented. West of the Great Zabi River, the Mosul area mainly develops northeast-southwest faults and fold structures.

[0142] The fracture information is extracted by remote sensing image data, and the fracture length is recorded as L1(i), the fracture direction is A1(i), and the fracture position X1(t) = {x 11 ,x 12 ,..x 1k ,…x 1n},Y1(t)={y 11 ,y 12 ,..y 1k ,…y 1n The results of interpreting the fault using remote sensing images are shown in Figure 2 .

[0143] (3) The inversion of the original Bouguer gravity data is a composite field that is a superposition of the regional field, the local field, and the tectonic field. In order to minimize the interference of the shallow gravity field and highlight the linear structure in the gravity field, the second-order derivatives of the original Bouguer gravity data at 45° and 325° horizontal directions are calculated, and then the structural characteristics of the northwest-southeast fault (Najd fault system) and the northeast-southwest fault are extracted respectively.

[0144] Measure the fracture occurrence: fracture length L2(i), fracture direction A2(i);

[0145] Fracture position X2(t)={x 21 ,x 22 ,..x 2k ,…x 2n},Y2(t)={y 21 ,y 22 ,..y 2k ,…y 2n};

[0146] The fault distance is F1(i)={f 21 ,f 22 ,..f 2k ,…f 2n},See Figure 3 (a) to (c).

[0147] (4) Combine the fault data obtained from remote sensing and gravity data with geological knowledge to determine the final fault, where the length is L(i), the strike is A(i), and the fault position is X(t) = {x1, x2, ..x k ,…x n},Y(t)={y1,y2,..y k ,…y n}, the fault distance is F(t)={f1,f2,..f k ,…f n}, then group them according to the fault direction, establish a regional fault constraint database, and obtain the position information S1(i) such as the plane fault length, direction and coordinates and the fault distance information S2(i).

[0148] S1(i)=λ i f(L(i), A(i), X(i), Y(i))

[0149] S2(i)=λ i f(F(i))

[0150] where λ i is the weight coefficient, and i is the identified fracture number.

[0151] Northern Iraq is home to two major fault systems: NW-SE and NE-SW. The NW-SE faults can be further divided into three groups of thrust structures (Southwest, Northeast, and Central), which primarily develop in a post-sequential manner. These structural features align with the extension of the Zagros and Taurus fold belts, respectively, and are believed to be primarily related to factors such as the shape of the colliding plates.

[0152] (5) Using the fault position information S1(i) and fault distance information S2(i) obtained from remote sensing data and gravity data as regional constraint data, the seismic reflection layer is tracked and interpreted according to the 2D seismic wave group characteristics and seismic layer velocity characteristics to obtain the top surface of the target layer in the depth domain (S d 0) and bottom surface (S d 1) and generate grid data, divide the structural layers based on the key tectonic events and lithologic characteristics of the basin, and then analyze the vertical structural style of the fault in the 2D seismic profile. The interpretation results of the vertical structural style of the fault in the thrust belt of the Zagros foreland basin in northern Iraq are shown in Figure 4 .

[0153] (6) Applying the balanced section stratigraphic length balance inversion recovery method, the structural interpretation is constrained by using basic geological principles and the results of 2D seismic section interpretation, and the interpreted present-day structural section is restored to its pre-deformation geometry. The balanced geological section satisfies most reasonable constraints, such as mass-volume conservation and length conservation. Based on the observation of the present-day seismic section of the thrust belt of the Zagros foreland basin in northern Iraq, the main consideration is to restore the deformation phenomenon in the Quaternary strata and the balanced section of the foreland folds formed under the background of lateral compression tectonic stress, see Figure 5 .

[0154] (7) On the basis of restoring the equilibrium profile, the key profile points H for horizontal sliding are selected in stages on the original seismic profile in combination with the geological knowledge of the area. Q(i) (x0, y0) and the key profile point V for vertical motion displacement Q(i) (x0, y0), and then select the restored key profile point position information H on the phased restored seismic profile Q(i) (x1,y1) and V Q(i) (x1, y1), and then calculate the vertical displacement H caused by the vertical uplift of the thrust fault Q(i) Horizontal sliding displacement V caused by the forward expansion Q(i) .

[0155] H Q(i) =h(H Q(i) (x0,y0),H Q(i) (x1,y1))

[0156] V Q(i) =v(V Q(i) (x0,y0),V Q(i) (x1,y1))

[0157] Among them, h() is the function for finding the horizontal distance between two points, and v() is the function for finding the vertical distance between two points. Q(i)The calculation results show that the southwestern thrust belt near the basin was formed first, with the smallest horizontal shortening and the smallest vertical uplift, and is mainly characterized by wide and gentle synclines and linear anticlines controlled by low-angle slip faults. The northeastern part, close to the orogenic belt, is the most recently formed thrust nappe structure, with the largest horizontal shortening and vertical uplift.

[0158] In this example, the calculation results of the horizontal shortening and vertical uplift of each thrust fault are shown in Table 1:

[0159] Table 1

[0160] Construction period Horizontal shortening (m) Lifting amount (m) Phase 1 1368 663 Phase 2 1923 3105 Phase 3 3464 6267 total 6755 10035

[0161] Example 3

[0162] Figure 6 A structural interpretation device block diagram for a complex thrust structure area is shown in Figure 6 As shown, the structural interpretation device for a complex thrust structure area of ​​this embodiment includes:

[0163] The data collection module 301 is used to collect remote sensing image data, gravity data and original 2D seismic profiles in the complex thrust structure area;

[0164] The fault interpretation module 302 is used to interpret faults based on linear features in remote sensing images and linear features in gravity data and obtain fault information, wherein the fault information includes fault length, fault direction, fault location and fault distance;

[0165] The information determination module 303 determines the fracture information of each fracture based on the fracture information obtained after interpreting the fracture based on the linear features in the remote sensing image and gravity data, and further determines the position information and fault distance information of each fracture;

[0166] The phase division module 304 is used to divide the formation phases of each fault in the complex structural area;

[0167] The profile interpretation module 305 is used to interpret the original 2D seismic profile to obtain the layer data and the vertical structural pattern of the fault using the position information and fault throw information of each fault as constraint data;

[0168] The profile recovery module 306 is used to perform balanced profile recovery on the original 2D seismic profile to obtain a balanced 2D seismic profile;

[0169] The displacement calculation module 307 is used to calculate the vertical motion displacement of each period of fault based on the position coordinates of the first key profile point on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile, and to calculate the horizontal sliding displacement based on the position coordinates of the second key profile point on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile.

[0170] In practical applications, remote sensing image data can include high-precision Global Land Survery image data, and gravity data can include original Bouguer gravity data with an accuracy of 1'x1'; collect regional tectonic evolution history and tectonic stress field data, and form an overall understanding of the tectonic evolution and characteristics of the area.

[0171] In some cases, interpreting fractures and obtaining fracture information based on linear features in remote sensing images includes: interpreting fractures and obtaining fracture information based on fracture linear feature marks in remote sensing image data.

[0172] In practical applications, before interpreting faults and obtaining fault information based on linear features in remote sensing images, it is necessary to perform preprocessing such as band synthesis, mosaicking, fusion, and correction on the remote sensing image data so that the remote sensing image can more accurately reflect the real terrain and meet the interpretation requirements.

[0173] In practical applications, the linear characteristic signs of fractures in remote sensing images include but are not limited to: changes in remote sensing image tone (such as the appearance of a certain color abnormality band), abnormal water network (such as right-angled water systems, beaded lake depressions, etc.), and tectonic landforms (such as fault cliffs, fault triangles, steep slopes, valleys, etc.).

[0174] The fracture information obtained by interpreting the fracture linear characteristic marks in the remote sensing image data is as follows: the fracture length is L1(i) and the fracture direction is A1(i);

[0175] The fracture position is X1(i)={x 11 ,x 12 ,..x 1k ,…x 1n},Y1(i)={y 11 ,y 12 ,..y 1k ,…y 1n}, the elements in X1(i) and Y1(i) are the longitude and latitude of each location respectively.

[0176] The fault distance is F1(i)={f 11 ,f 12 ,..f 1k ,…f 1n}.

[0177] In some cases, faults are interpreted and fault information is obtained based on linear features in gravity data, including: determining the direction of the second-order derivative of gravity in the horizontal direction after interpreting the fault based on linear features of remote sensing images, and then interpreting the fault based on the second-order derivative of gravity in the horizontal direction and obtaining fault information.

[0178] The fracture information obtained by interpreting the fracture based on the second-order derivative of gravity in the horizontal direction is as follows: the fracture length is L2(i) and the fracture direction is A2(i);

[0179] The fracture position is X2(i)={x 21 ,x 22 ,..x 2k ,…x 2n}, Y2(i)={y 21 ,y 22 ,..y 2k ,…y 2n}, the elements in X2(i) and Y2(i) are the longitude and latitude of each location respectively;

[0180] F2(i)={f 21 ,f 22 ,..f 2k ,…f 2n}.

[0181] In some cases, the gravity anomaly characteristics of hidden faults are manifested as linear gradient zones of gravity anomalies, long strip-shaped anomaly zones, regular distortions of contour lines, etc.

[0182] In some implementations, determining the fracture information of each fracture based on fracture information obtained after interpreting the fracture based on linear features in remote sensing images and gravity data includes:

[0183] For each fault, the maximum value of the fault lengths obtained after interpreting the fault based on the linear features in the remote sensing image and gravity data is determined as the fault length, that is: L(i) = max(L1(i), L2(i)).

[0184] For each fault, the average value of the fault direction obtained after interpreting the fault based on the linear features in the remote sensing image and gravity data is determined as the fault direction, that is: A(i) = average(A1(i), A2(i)).

[0185] For each fault, the average value of the fault position obtained after interpreting the fault based on the linear features in the remote sensing image and gravity data is determined as the fault position, that is:

[0186] X(i)={average(x 11 ,x 21 ),average(x 12 ,x 22 ),..average(x 1k ,x 2k ),…average(x 1n ,x 2n )};

[0187] Y(i)={average(y 11 ,y 21 ),average(y 12 ,y 22 ),..average(y 1k ,y 2k ),…average(y 1n ,y 2n )};

[0188] For each fault, the maximum fault distance obtained after interpreting the fault based on the linear features in the remote sensing image and gravity data is determined as the fault distance, that is:

[0189] F(i)={max(f 11 ,f 21 ), max(f 12 ,f 22 ),..max(f 1k ,f 2k ),…max(f 1n ,f 2n )}.

[0190] The fault property is N(i), including normal fault, reverse fault, and strike-slip fault.

[0191] Furthermore, a regional fracture constraint database is established based on the determined fracture information of each fracture, and then the position information S1 (i) and the fracture distance information S2 (i) of each fracture are determined.

[0192] In some embodiments, determining the location information and the distance information of each fracture includes:

[0193] According to the fracture length, fracture direction, fracture position and fracture distance of each fracture, the following formula is used to determine the position information and fracture distance information;

[0194] S1(i)=λ i f(L(i), A(i), X(i), Y(i))

[0195] S2(i)=λ i f(F(i))

[0196] Among them, S1(i) is the location information;

[0197] S2(i) is the fault distance information;

[0198] L(i) is the fracture length;

[0199] A(i) is the fault direction;

[0200] X(i) and Y(i) are the longitude and latitude of the fault location;

[0201] F(i) is the fault distance;

[0202] λ i is the weight coefficient;

[0203] f() represents the data matrix;

[0204] i is the fracture number.

[0205] In practical applications, the tectonic evolution background, paleo-stress field properties (such as tension, compression, torsion, etc.) and tectonic deformation mechanisms of tectonic complex areas are analyzed to determine the main geological events controlling the formation of each fault, analyze the genetic dynamic mechanism of each fault, and then divide the formation stages Q(i) of each fault.

[0206] In some embodiments, the position information and fault throw information of each fault are used as constraint data to interpret the original 2D seismic profile to obtain the horizon data and the vertical structural pattern of the fault, including:

[0207] Using the location and throw information of each fault as constraint data, the seismic reflection horizons are tracked and interpreted according to the 2D seismic wave group characteristics and seismic layer velocity characteristics, the top and bottom surfaces of the target layer in the depth domain are obtained and stratigraphic data are formed. Based on the key tectonic events and lithological characteristics of the basin in the complex thrust structure area, the structural layers are divided, and the vertical structural style of the fault in the original 2D seismic profile is analyzed.

[0208] In practical applications, the balanced profile stratum length balance inversion recovery method is applied. With the basic geological principles (such as mass-volume conservation, length conservation, etc.) and the two-dimensional seismic profile interpretation results (stratum data) as constraints, the interpreted two-dimensional seismic profile of the present structure is restored to its pre-deformation geometry. The balanced seismic profile satisfies most reasonable constraints, such as mass-volume conservation, length conservation, etc.

[0209] In some embodiments, for each phase of faults, vertical motion displacement is calculated based on the position coordinates of a first key profile point on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile, and horizontal sliding displacement is calculated based on the position coordinates of a second key profile point on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile, including:

[0210] ΔH Q(i) =h(H Q(i) (x0,y0),H Q(i) (x1,y1))

[0211] ΔV Q(i) =v(V Q(i) (x0,y0),V Q(i) (x1,y1))

[0212] Where ΔH Q(i) is the vertical displacement;

[0213] ΔV Q(i) is the horizontal sliding displacement;

[0214] Q(i) is the period of the rupture;

[0215] H Q(i) (x0,y0),H Q(i) (x1, y1) are the position coordinates of the first key section point on the original 2D seismic section and the balanced 2D seismic section respectively;

[0216] V Q(i) (x0,y0),V Q(i) (x1, y1) are the position coordinates of the second key section point on the original 2D seismic section and the balanced 2D seismic section respectively;

[0217] h() is the horizontal distance function between the first key profile points on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile;

[0218] v() is a function for obtaining the vertical distance between the second key profile points on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile.

[0219] It should be understood that the apparatus of this embodiment possesses all the beneficial effects of the method embodiment. The apparatus of this embodiment can study the structural and sedimentary evolution characteristics of foreland basin thrust belts with limited geological and geophysical data. By comprehensively utilizing remote sensing imagery, gravity data, and a small amount of 2D seismic data, it can rapidly and accurately characterize the geological characteristics of structurally complex areas in foreland basin thrust belts and restore their structural evolution history. This allows for quantitative evaluation of compression and uplift in the thrust belts, guides the distribution of structural patterns and the delineation of structural zones, and analyzes trap types, laying the foundation for studying the control of thrust structures on oil and gas distribution.

[0220] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above modules or steps can be implemented using a general-purpose computing device, centralized on a single computing device, or distributed across a network of multiple computing devices. Alternatively, they can be implemented using program code executable by a computing device, which can then be stored in a storage device and executed by the computing device. Alternatively, they can be fabricated into separate integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps can be fabricated into a single integrated circuit module for implementation. The present invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0221] Example 4

[0222] An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by one or more processors, the method of the first embodiment is implemented.

[0223] In this embodiment, the storage medium can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk or optical disk.

[0224] The method implemented in this embodiment includes steps S101 to S107:

[0225] Step S101: collecting remote sensing image data, gravity data and original 2D seismic profiles of a complex thrust structure area.

[0226] Step S102: interpreting faults based on linear features in remote sensing images and linear features in gravity data to obtain fault information.

[0227] Among them, the fracture information includes fracture length, fracture direction, fracture position and fracture distance.

[0228] In some cases, faults are interpreted and fracture information is obtained based on linear features in remote sensing images, including:

[0229] Step S102a: interpret the faults based on the linear characteristic marks of the faults in the remote sensing image data and obtain the fault information.

[0230] In practical applications, before interpreting faults and obtaining fault information based on linear features in remote sensing images, it is necessary to perform preprocessing such as band synthesis, mosaicking, fusion, and correction on the remote sensing image data so that the remote sensing image can more accurately reflect the real terrain and meet the interpretation requirements.

[0231] In practical applications, the linear characteristic signs of fractures in remote sensing images include but are not limited to: changes in remote sensing image tone (such as the appearance of a certain color abnormality band), abnormal water network (such as right-angled water systems, beaded lake depressions, etc.), and tectonic landforms (such as fault cliffs, fault triangles, steep slopes, valleys, etc.).

[0232] The fracture information obtained by interpreting the fracture linear characteristic marks in the remote sensing image data is as follows: the fracture length is L1(i) and the fracture direction is A1(i);

[0233] The fracture position is X1(i)={x 11 ,x 12 ,..x 1k ,…x 1n},Y1(i)={y 11 ,y 12 ,..y 1k ,…y 1n}, the elements in X1(i) and Y1(i) are the longitude and latitude of each location respectively.

[0234] The fault distance is F1(i)={f 11 ,f 12 ,..f 1k ,…f 1n}.

[0235] In some cases, faults are interpreted and fracture information is obtained based on linear features in gravity data, including:

[0236] Step S102b: Determine the direction of the second derivative of gravity in the horizontal direction based on the fault direction obtained after interpreting the fault based on the linear characteristics of the remote sensing image, and then interpret the fault based on the second derivative of gravity in the horizontal direction to obtain fault information.

[0237] The fracture information obtained by interpreting the fracture based on the second-order derivative of gravity in the horizontal direction is as follows: the fracture length is L2(i) and the fracture direction is A2(i);

[0238] The fracture position is X2(i)={x 21 ,x 22 ,..x 2k ,…x 2n}, Y2(i)={y 21 ,y 22 ,..y 2k ,…y 2n}, the elements in X2(i) and Y2(i) are the longitude and latitude of each location respectively;

[0239] F2(i)={f 21 ,f 22 ,..f 2k ,…f2n}.

[0240] In some cases, the gravity anomaly characteristics of hidden faults are manifested as linear gradient zones of gravity anomalies, long strip-shaped anomaly zones, regular distortions of contour lines, etc.

[0241] Step S103 : determining the fracture information of each fracture based on the fracture information obtained after interpreting the fracture based on the linear features in the remote sensing image and the gravity data, and further determining the position information and the fault distance information of each fracture.

[0242] In this embodiment, the fracture information obtained by using remote sensing images and gravity data is comprehensively analyzed in combination with geological knowledge to determine the fracture information that is ultimately used.

[0243] In some implementations, determining the fracture information of each fracture based on fracture information obtained after interpreting the fracture based on linear features in remote sensing images and gravity data includes:

[0244] For each fault, the maximum value of the fault lengths obtained after interpreting the fault based on the linear features in the remote sensing image and gravity data is determined as the fault length, that is: L(i) = max(L1(i), L2(i)).

[0245] For each fault, the average value of the fault direction obtained after interpreting the fault based on the linear features in the remote sensing image and gravity data is determined as the fault direction, that is: A(i) = average(A1(i), A2(i)).

[0246] For each fault, the average value of the fault position obtained after interpreting the fault based on the linear features in the remote sensing image and gravity data is determined as the fault position, that is:

[0247] X(i)={average(x 11 ,x 21 ),average(x 12 ,x 22 ),..average(x 1k ,x 2k ),…average(x 1n ,x 2n )};

[0248] Y(i)={average(y 11 ,y 21 ),average(y 12 ,y 22 ),..average(y 1k ,y 2k ),…average(y 1n ,y2n )};

[0249] For each fault, the maximum fault distance obtained after interpreting the fault based on the linear features in the remote sensing image and gravity data is determined as the fault distance, that is:

[0250] F(i)={max(f 11 ,f 21 ), max(f 12 ,f 22 ),..max(f 1k ,f 2k ),…max(f 1n ,f 2n )}.

[0251] The fault property is N(i), including normal fault, reverse fault, and strike-slip fault.

[0252] Furthermore, a regional fracture constraint database is established based on the determined fracture information of each fracture, and then the position information S1 (i) and the fracture distance information S2 (i) of each fracture are determined.

[0253] In some embodiments, determining the location information and the distance information of each fracture includes:

[0254] According to the fracture length, fracture direction, fracture position and fracture distance of each fracture, the following formula is used to determine the position information and fracture distance information;

[0255] S1(i)=λ i f(L(i), A(i), X(i), Y(i))

[0256] S2(i)=λ i f(F(i))

[0257] Among them, S1(i) is the location information;

[0258] S2(i) is the fault distance information;

[0259] L(i) is the fracture length;

[0260] A(i) is the fault direction;

[0261] X(i) and Y(i) are the longitude and latitude of the fault location;

[0262] F(i) is the fault distance;

[0263] λ i is the weight coefficient;

[0264] f() represents the data matrix;

[0265] i is the fracture number.

[0266] Step S104: Divide the formation periods of each fault in the structurally complex area.

[0267] In practical applications, the tectonic evolution background, paleo-stress field properties (such as tension, compression, torsion, etc.) and tectonic deformation mechanisms of tectonic complex areas are analyzed to determine the main geological events controlling the formation of each fault, analyze the genetic dynamic mechanism of each fault, and then divide the formation stages Q(i) of each fault.

[0268] Step S105: Using the position information and fault throw information of each fault as constraint data, interpret the original 2D seismic profile to obtain the layer data and the vertical structural pattern of the fault.

[0269] In some embodiments, step S105 uses the position information and fault throw information of each fault as constraint data to interpret the original 2D seismic profile to obtain horizon data and the vertical structural pattern of the fault, including:

[0270] Step S105a: Using the location information and fault throw information of each fault as constraint data, according to the 2D seismic wave group characteristics and seismic layer velocity characteristics, track and interpret the seismic reflection layer, obtain the top and bottom surfaces of the target layer in the depth domain and form layer data, divide the structural layers based on the key structural events and lithological characteristics of the basin in the complex thrust structure area, and then analyze the vertical structural style of the fault in the original 2D seismic profile.

[0271] Step S106: Perform balanced profile restoration on the original 2D seismic profile to obtain a balanced 2D seismic profile.

[0272] In practical applications, the balanced profile stratum length balance inversion recovery method is applied. With the basic geological principles (such as mass-volume conservation, length conservation, etc.) and the two-dimensional seismic profile interpretation results (stratum data) as constraints, the interpreted two-dimensional seismic profile of the present structure is restored to its pre-deformation geometry. The balanced seismic profile satisfies most reasonable constraints, such as mass-volume conservation, length conservation, etc.

[0273] Step S107: For each period of faults, the vertical motion displacement is calculated based on the position coordinates of the first key profile point on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile, and the horizontal sliding displacement is calculated based on the position coordinates of the second key profile point on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile.

[0274] In some embodiments, for each phase of faults, vertical motion displacement is calculated based on the position coordinates of a first key profile point on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile, and horizontal sliding displacement is calculated based on the position coordinates of a second key profile point on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile, including:

[0275] ΔH Q(i) =h(H Q(i) (x0,y0),H Q(i) (x1,y1))

[0276] ΔV Q(i) =v(V Q(i) (x0,y0),V Q(i) (x1,y1))

[0277] Where ΔH Q(i) is the vertical displacement;

[0278] ΔV Q(i) is the horizontal sliding displacement;

[0279] Q(i) is the period of the rupture;

[0280] H Q(i) (x0,y0),H Q(i) (x1, y1) are the position coordinates of the first key section point on the original 2D seismic section and the balanced 2D seismic section respectively;

[0281] V Q(i) (x0,y0),V Q(i) (x1, y1) are the position coordinates of the second key section point on the original 2D seismic section and the balanced 2D seismic section respectively;

[0282] h() is the horizontal distance function between the first key profile points on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile;

[0283] v() is a function for obtaining the vertical distance between the second key profile points on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile.

[0284] Example 5

[0285] This embodiment provides an electronic device, including a memory and one or more processors. The memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the one or more processors, the method of the first embodiment is implemented.

[0286] In practical applications, the electronic device may be a terminal device such as a mobile phone or a tablet computer. In this embodiment, the processor may be an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a digital signal processing device (DSPD), a programmable logic device (PLD), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor or other electronic components to implement the method in the above embodiment. The method implemented when the computer program running on the processor is executed can refer to the specific embodiment of the method provided in the aforementioned embodiment of the present invention, which will not be repeated here.

[0287] This method can be used to interpret the structure of complex thrust structures in underexplored areas with no drilling data or 3D seismic data, but only a small amount of low-quality 2D seismic data. The comprehensive use of remote sensing, gravity, and 2D seismic data to systematically analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of faults, the intensity of spatial activity, and the sedimentary evolution of basins is of great significance for studying the oil and gas accumulation patterns in foreland basin thrust belts. This method is particularly suitable for structural analysis in complex thrust structures in foreland basins. It is a technical method that comprehensively uses remote sensing, gravity, and 2D seismic data to conduct structural interpretation and analysis. This technical method plays an important role in studying the structural evolution of oil and gas-bearing areas and the control of thrust structures on oil and gas distribution.

[0288] In the several embodiments provided in the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed system and method can also be implemented in other ways. The above-described system and method embodiments are merely illustrative.

[0289] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "includes," or any other variations thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus comprising the element.

[0290] Although the embodiments disclosed herein are as described above, the contents described herein are merely embodiments for facilitating understanding of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art may make any modifications and variations in the form and details of the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. However, the scope of patent protection of the present invention shall remain subject to the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A structural interpretation method for complex thrust structures, characterized by: include: Collect remote sensing image data, gravity data and original 2D seismic profiles in areas with complex thrust structures; Interpreting faults based on linear features in remote sensing images and linear features in gravity data to obtain fault information, wherein the fault information includes fault length, fault strike, fault location, and fault distance; Based on the fracture information obtained after interpreting the fracture based on the linear features in the remote sensing image and gravity data, the fracture information of each fracture is determined, and then the position information and fault distance information of each fracture are determined; Divide the formation stages of each fault in the structurally complex area; Using the location information and fault throw information of each fault as constraint data, the original 2D seismic profile is interpreted to obtain the horizon data and the vertical structural pattern of the fault; Performing balanced section restoration on the original 2D seismic section to obtain a balanced 2D seismic section; For each period of faults, the vertical motion displacement is calculated based on the position coordinates of the first key profile point on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile, and the horizontal sliding displacement is calculated based on the position coordinates of the second key profile point on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile.

2. The structural interpretation method for complex thrust structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: Interpret faults based on linear features in remote sensing images and obtain fault information, including: Interpret the faults and obtain the fault information based on the linear characteristic marks of the faults in the remote sensing image data.

3. The structural interpretation method for complex thrust structure areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: Interpret faults based on linear features in gravity data and obtain fault information, including: The fault direction is obtained after interpreting the fault based on the linear characteristics of remote sensing images, and the direction of the second-order derivative of gravity in the horizontal direction is determined. Then, the fault is interpreted based on the second-order derivative of gravity in the horizontal direction and the fault information is obtained.

4. The structural interpretation method for complex thrust structure areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of determining the fracture information of each fracture based on the fracture information obtained after interpreting the fracture based on the linear features in the remote sensing image and gravity data includes: For each fault, the maximum value of the fault lengths obtained after interpreting the fault based on the linear features in the remote sensing image and gravity data is determined as the fault length; For each fault, the average value of the fault direction obtained after interpreting the fault based on the linear features in remote sensing images and gravity data is determined as the fault direction; For each fault, the average value of the fault position obtained after interpreting the fault based on the linear features in the remote sensing image and gravity data is determined as the fault position; For each fault, the maximum fault distance obtained after interpreting the fault based on the linear features in remote sensing images and gravity data is determined as the fault distance.

5. The structural interpretation method for a complex thrust structure area according to claim 4, characterized in that: Determining the location information and fault distance information of each fracture includes: According to the fracture length, fracture direction, fracture position and fracture distance of each fracture, the following formula is used to determine the position information and fracture distance information; S1(i)=λ i f(L(i),A(i),X(i),Y(i)) S2(i)=λ i f(F(i)) Among them, S1(i) is the location information; S2(i) is the fault distance information; L(i) is the fracture length; A(i) is the fault direction; X(i) and Y(i) are the longitude and latitude of the fault location; F(i) is the fault distance; λ i is the weight coefficient; f() represents the data matrix; i is the fracture number.

6. The structural interpretation method for complex thrust structure areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method of interpreting the original 2D seismic profile to obtain the horizon data and the vertical structural pattern of the fault using the position information and fault throw information of each fault as constraint data includes: Using the location and throw information of each fault as constraint data, the seismic reflection horizons are tracked and interpreted according to the 2D seismic wave group characteristics and seismic layer velocity characteristics, the top and bottom surfaces of the target layer in the depth domain are obtained and stratigraphic data are formed. Based on the key tectonic events and lithological characteristics of the basin in the complex thrust structure area, the structural layers are divided, and the vertical structural style of the fault in the original 2D seismic profile is analyzed.

7. The structural interpretation method for complex thrust structure areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: For each period of faults, the vertical movement displacement is calculated based on the position coordinates of the first key section point on the original 2D seismic section and the balanced 2D seismic section, and the horizontal sliding displacement is calculated based on the position coordinates of the second key section point on the original 2D seismic section and the balanced 2D seismic section, including: ΔH Q(i) =h(H Q(i) (x 0, y0),H Q(i) (x1,y1)) ΔV Q(i) =v(V Q(i) (x 0, y0),V Q(i) (x1,y1)) Where ΔH Q(i) is the vertical displacement; ΔV Q(i) is the horizontal sliding displacement; Q(i) is the period of the rupture; H Q(i) (x 0, y0), H Q(i) (x1, y1) are the position coordinates of the first key section point on the original 2D seismic section and the balanced 2D seismic section respectively; V Q(i) (x 0, y0), V Q(i) (x1, y1) are the position coordinates of the second key section point on the original 2D seismic section and the balanced 2D seismic section respectively; h() is a function for obtaining the horizontal distance between the first key section points on the original 2D seismic section and the balanced 2D seismic section; v() is a vertical distance function between the second key section points on the original 2D seismic section and the balanced 2D seismic section.

8. A structural interpretation device for complex thrust structures, characterized by: include: Data collection module, used to collect remote sensing image data, gravity data and original 2D seismic profiles in areas with complex thrust structures; A fracture interpretation module, for interpreting fractures based on linear features in remote sensing images and linear features in gravity data, and obtaining fracture information, wherein the fracture information includes fracture length, fracture direction, fracture location, and fracture distance; The information determination module determines the fracture information of each fracture based on the fracture information obtained after interpreting the linear features in the remote sensing image and gravity data, and further determines the position information and fault distance information of each fracture; The stage division module is used to divide the formation stages of each fault in the complex structural area; A profile interpretation module is used to interpret the original 2D seismic profile to obtain layer data and vertical structural patterns of the fault using the location information and fault throw information of each fault as constraint data; A profile recovery module, configured to perform balanced profile recovery on the original 2D seismic profile to obtain a balanced 2D seismic profile; The displacement calculation module is used to calculate the vertical movement displacement of each period of fault based on the position coordinates of the first key profile point on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile, and to calculate the horizontal sliding displacement based on the position coordinates of the second key profile point on the original 2D seismic profile and the balanced 2D seismic profile.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by one or more processors, the method for interpreting a structure in a complex thrust structure area according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: The method comprises a memory and one or more processors, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and when the computer program is executed by the one or more processors, the structural interpretation method for a complex thrust structure area according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

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