A micro-topography-based rocky desertification slope surface ecological restoration method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on microtopography's rocky desertification slope surface ecological restoration method, comprising the following steps: S1, rocky desertification degree and slope soil layer thickness investigation;S2, slope microtopography classification;S3, adaptive plant selection;S4, planting;S5, follow-up fertilization and biological control;S6, forestation;S7, inspection acceptance.The application has the advantages that: the application is investigated and classified to rocky desertification area, uses the adaptability of certain plants to different microhabitat, introduces plants and certain small soil animals into rocky desertification area, increases the biodiversity in the ecological restoration process of rocky desertification area, improves ecological restoration capacity, slows down the process of rocky desertification while also creating economic value;The method does not use a large amount of transplanting soil and fertilizer and other materials, and does not need a large amount of labor cost, uses the environmental adaptability of plants and organisms, and provides a new idea for ecological restoration of rocky desertification area.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration in rocky desertification areas, and particularly relates to a rocky desertification slope surface ecological restoration method based on microtopography. BACKGROUND

[0002] Rocky desertification, also known as stone desertification, refers to a phenomenon that under the fragile karst habitat, human over-interference destroys the ecological environment, leading to soil loss, bare rock, and land degradation; the appearance of large-area bare rock marks the appearance of rocky desertification, which not only causes serious ecological problems, but also restricts the development of local agricultural production and economy, and thus, it is urgent to solve the problem of rocky desertification, and therefore, it is urgent to solve the problem of rocky desertification by using a rocky desertification slope surface ecological restoration method based on microtopography. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the above technical deficiencies, the purpose of the present application is to provide a rocky desertification slope surface ecological restoration method based on microtopography, which investigates and classifies the rocky desertification area, introduces plants and some small soil animals into the rocky desertification area by using the self-adaptability of some plants to different microhabitats, increases the biodiversity in the ecological restoration process of the rocky desertification area, improves the ecological restoration capacity, slows down the process of rocky desertification, and also creates economic value; the method does not use a large amount of transplanted soil and fertilizers, and does not require a large amount of labor cost, and uses the environmental self-adaptability of plants and organisms to provide a new idea for the ecological restoration of the rocky desertification area, so as to solve the problems in the background art.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0005] The present application provides a rocky desertification slope surface ecological restoration method based on microtopography, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1, investigation of the degree of rocky desertification and the thickness of the slope soil layer

[0007] Collect the data of the rocky desertification area, investigate in advance, analyze the vegetation coverage rate and the rock exposure rate by using X technology, adopt Y mode, and select representative sample points according to the actual situation, estimate the soil partition and calculate the overall effective thickness of the soil on the slope surface, and evaluate the degree of rocky desertification;

[0008] S2, classification of the microtopography of the slope surface

[0009] According to the distribution form of the rock exposure and the distribution of the soil, the rock exposure surface form structure on the slope is divided into six kinds of microtopography;

[0010] S3, selection of self-adaptive plants

[0011] Based on the principles of zonality, ecological and economic consideration and diversity, according to different microtopography and soil thickness, seeds of self-adaptive plants suitable for planting in karst rocky desertification drought and high calcium area are selected for planting. For example, in the stone gap microtopography, ivy, thyme and other plants suitable for growing in gaps can be selected;

[0012] S4, planting

[0013] After the different microtopography is delineated, a certain proportion of soil mixed by fertilizer, litter, water retaining agent and soil loosening agent is scattered on the stone gap and stone hole microtopography, the seeds are planted in the soil and watered; on the stone cave and stone ditch microtopography, according to the principle of one cave one pit and one ditch three pits (the number of planting pits can be determined according to the size of the cave and pit), the water-absorbing gauze such as sponge yarn is laid in the planting pit, the special mixed soil for seedling raising is filled, the seeds are buried and then backfilled and compacted; the soil on the soil surface and stone surface is properly loosened and renovated, and drainage channels and planting pits are excavated, a proper number of drainage holes are dug between the drainage channels and the planting pits, and isolation bricks are placed around the drainage channels, drainage holes and planting pits to prevent water and soil loss from damaging the planting pits, the mixed soil is buried, and after planting, it is backfilled and compacted; the planting points are regularly fertilized and watered;

[0014] (Protozoa are small soil animals, mainly including flagellates, motile worms and ciliates

[64] . Protozoa affect root respiration by feeding on plant roots, changing the availability and distribution of rhizosphere nutrients, while increasing root biomass, fine roots and root tip number; nematodes, microarthropods, earthworms and enchytraeids);

[0015] S5, topdressing and biological control

[0016] Since the plants considered in the present application are mostly drought-tolerant and poor-tolerant organisms, fertilization and control are reasonably topdressed and biologically controlled according to the growth cycle of the selected plants, and do not require long-term human care;

[0017] S6, forestation

[0018] In the heavy and extremely heavy rocky desertification area where the sum of the vegetation type and the comprehensive coverage degree factor index is greater than 13 and less than 26, artificial promotion of forestation can be carried out, in the heavy and extremely heavy rocky desertification area, the area with a vegetation comprehensive coverage degree of 30% to 70% is fully enclosed for forestation and grass growth, and the standard is executed;

[0019] S7, inspection and acceptance

[0020] In half a year and one year, the plant and soil conditions on the slope surface are sampled, the plant growth conditions and soil nutrients, microbial community and a series of indicators reflecting the ecological condition are analyzed, the ecological restoration degree is evaluated, and the acceptance is carried out according to the national standard.

[0021] Preferably, the X technology in the step S1 is satellite and remote sensing image technology, and the Y mode is ground penetrating radar or artificial cutting mode.

[0022] Preferably, the number of representative sample points in the step S1 is 60-200.

[0023] Preferably, the six micro-landforms in the step S2 are stone ditch, stone cave, stone crack, stone pit, stone surface and soil surface.

[0024] Preferably, the soil in the step S4 is mixed by fertilizer, litter, water-retaining agent and soil loosening agent.

[0025] Preferably, the yarn cloth with good water absorption in the step S4 is sponge yarn.

[0026] Preferably, the standard in the step S6 is GB / T15163.

[0027] The present application has the beneficial effects that: the present application surveys and classifies the stone desertification area, introduces plants and some small soil animals into the stone desertification area by using the self-adaptability of the plants to different microhabitats, increases the biodiversity in the ecological restoration process of the stone desertification area, improves the ecological restoration capacity, slows down the process of stone desertification, and also creates economic value; the method does not use a large amount of transplanting soil and fertilizers, and does not need a large amount of labor cost, and provides a new idea for the ecological restoration of the stone desertification area by using the environmental self-adaptability of plants and organisms. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 It is an example schematic diagram of stone pit in the present application.

[0030] Figure 2 It is an example schematic diagram of stone crack in the present application.

[0031] Figure 3 It is an example schematic diagram of semi-open stone cave in the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like to indicate directions or positional relationships are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention. Example

[0034] The present invention provides a method for ecological restoration of rocky desertification slopes based on microtopography, comprising the following steps:

[0035] S1. Investigation of desertification degree and slope soil thickness

[0036] Collect data on rocky desertification areas, conduct preliminary surveys, and use satellite and remote sensing imagery to analyze vegetation coverage and rock exposure rates. Use ground-penetrating radar or artificial cuttings to select 60-200 representative sampling points based on actual conditions. Perform soil interpolation estimation and zoning on the slopes, calculate the overall effective soil thickness, and assess the extent of rocky desertification.

[0037] Classification of desertification degree according to national standards

[0038] The classification and assessment standards for desertification degree are as follows:

[0039]

[0040] a) Mild desertification (I): the sum of the scores of all indicators is ≤45; b) Moderate desertification (II): the sum of the scores of all indicators is 46-60; c) Severe desertification (III): the sum of the scores of all indicators is 61-75; d) Very severe desertification (IV): the sum of the scores of all indicators is >75.

[0041] S2. Slope microtopography classification

[0042] According to Table 1, the surface morphology and structure of rock outcrops on the slope are divided into six types of micro-topography according to the distribution of rock exposure and soil distribution: stone gullies, stone caves, stone cracks, stone nests, stone surfaces and soil surfaces (see the table below):

[0043] Morphology, depth, litter and soil distribution characteristics of different micro-relief types

[0044]

[0045] S3, adaptive plant selection

[0046] Based on the principles of zonality, ecological and economic compatibility, and diversity, according to different micro-topography and soil thickness, select seeds of self-adaptive plants suitable for planting in karst rocky desertification and high-calcium areas;

[0047] For example, in the micro-topography of stone cracks, Parthenocissus tricuspidata and Thymus vulgaris can be selected, which are suitable for growing in cracks.

[0048] Detailed selection and scientific basis are as follows:

[0049]

[0050] S4, planting

[0051] After delineating different micro-topography, spread the soil mixed with fertilizer, litter, water-retaining agent, and soil loosening agent on the micro-topography of stone cracks and stone holes, wherein the fertilizer is 12%, the litter is 80%, the water-retaining agent is 5%, and the soil loosening agent is 3%. Plant the seeds in the soil and water them. On the micro-topography of stone caves and stone ditches, according to the principle of one cave and one pit, and one ditch and three pits (the number of planting pits can be determined according to the size of the cave and pit), lay the gauze with good water absorption such as sponge gauze in the planting pit, fill in the special mixture soil for seedling raising, bury the seeds, and then backfill and compact. On the soil surface and stone surface, properly loosen and renovate the soil, dig drainage channels and planting pits, dig a certain number of drainage holes between the drainage channels and the planting pits, place isolation bricks around the drainage channels, drainage holes, and planting pits to prevent water and soil loss from damaging the planting pits, bury the mixture soil, and then backfill and compact after planting. Regularly fertilize and water the planting points.

[0052] Introduce protozoa; (Protozoa are small soil animals, mainly including flagellates, motile worms, and ciliates. Protozoa affect root respiration by feeding on plant roots, changing the availability and distribution of rhizosphere nutrients, while increasing root biomass, fine roots, and root tip number; nematodes, microarthropods, earthworms, and earthworms.)

[0053] Soil animals play an important role in soil formation, development, and fertility maintenance. Given the mature development of domestic special economic animals, insect industry, and artificial breeding technology, technical support is provided for large-area soil animal restoration, such as earthworms, spiders, and terrestrial turtles. Introduce 300 earthworms per cubic meter and 100 terrestrial turtles per cubic meter.

[0054] Priority to use the seed produced by the fine seed source and the fine seed base, and the seed produced by the fine single tree of the fine stand under the condition of no fine seed base; the seed, seedling and other propagation material with the forest plant quarantine object are prohibited; the quality of the tree seed reaches the seed quality standard of GB 7908 or the local standard; the quality of the seedling is executed according to GB 6000 or the local seedling quality standard.

[0055] S5, topdressing and biological control

[0056] Since the plants considered in the application mostly belong to drought-tolerant and poor-tolerant organisms, fertilization and control are reasonably topdressed and biologically controlled according to the growth cycle of the selected plants, and do not require long-term human care.

[0057] S6, forest closure

[0058] In the heavy and extremely heavy desertification area where the sum of the vegetation type and the vegetation comprehensive coverage factor index is greater than 13 and less than 26, artificial promotion of forest closure can be carried out. In the heavy and extremely heavy desertification area, the vegetation comprehensive coverage is between 30% and 70% in the area, and the whole forest closure is carried out. The grass is executed according to GB / T 15163.

[0059] S7, inspection and acceptance

[0060] In half a year or a year, the slope plant and soil conditions are sampled, the plant growth conditions and soil nutrients, microbial communities and a series of indicators reflecting the ecological quality are analyzed, the ecological restoration degree is evaluated, and the acceptance is carried out according to the national standard.

[0061] The application introduces plants and some small soil animals into the rocky desertification area by investigating and classifying the rocky desertification area, using the self-adaptability of some plants to different microhabitats, increasing the biodiversity in the ecological restoration process of the rocky desertification area, and improving the ecological restoration capacity. The method can slow down the process of rocky desertification and also create economic value. The method does not use a large amount of transplanting soil and fertilizers, and does not need a large amount of labor cost. The method uses the environmental self-adaptability of plants and organisms to provide a new idea for the ecological restoration of the rocky desertification area.

[0062] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the application fall within the scope of the claims of the application and their equivalent technologies, the application also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A micro-topography-based ecological restoration method for rocky desertification slopes, characterized in that: It comprises the following steps: S1, investigation of the degree of rocky desertification and the thickness of the soil layer on the slope Collecting data in the rocky desertification area, early investigation, analyzing the vegetation coverage rate and rock exposure rate by satellite and remote sensing image technology, selecting representative sample points by ground penetrating radar and artificial cutting according to the actual situation, estimating the soil partition and calculating the overall effective thickness of the soil, and evaluating the degree of rocky desertification; S2, micro-topographic classification of the slope According to the distribution of rock exposure and soil distribution, the surface structure of rock exposure on the slope is divided into six micro-topographies; S3, self-adaptive plant selection Based on the principles of zonality, ecological and economic consideration, and diversity, seeds of self-adaptive plants suitable for planting in different micro-topographies and soil layers in the arid and high-calcium karst rocky desertification area are selected for planting; S4, planting After the different micro-topographies are delineated, a certain proportion of soil is scattered on the two micro-topographies of stone cracks and stone holes, the seeds are planted in the soil and watered; on the stone cave and stone ditch micro-topographies, according to the principle of one cave and one pit, one ditch and three pits, the seeds are buried in the soil mixed with the mixture for seedling after laying the gauze with good water absorption in the planting pit and backfilling and compacting; the soil on the soil surface and stone surface is properly loosened and renewed, and drainage channels and planting pits are excavated, a proper number of drainage holes are dug between the drainage channels and the planting pits, and isolation bricks are placed around the drainage channels, drainage holes and planting pits to prevent water and soil loss from damaging the planting pits, the mixture soil is buried, and after planting, the soil is backfilled and compacted; the planting points are regularly fertilized and watered; S5, topdressing and biological control According to the growth cycle of the selected plants, reasonable topdressing and biological control are carried out; S6, forestation by closing hills In the severe and extremely severe rocky desertification areas where the sum of the vegetation type and the comprehensive coverage factor index is greater than 13 and less than 26, artificial promotion of forestation by closing hills is carried out, in the severe and extremely severe rocky desertification areas, the areas with a vegetation comprehensive coverage of 30%-70% are fully closed for forestation and grass growth, and the standard GB / T15163 is implemented; S7, inspection and acceptance In half a year and one year, the plant and soil conditions on the slope are sampled, the plant growth conditions and soil nutrients, microbial community and a series of indicators reflecting the ecological condition are analyzed, the ecological restoration degree is evaluated, and the acceptance is carried out according to the national standard.

2. The micro-topography-based ecological restoration method for rocky desertification slope surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of representative sample points in step S1 is 60-200.

3. The micro-topography-based ecological restoration method for rocky desertification slope surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The six micro-topographies in step S2 are stone ditch, stone cave, stone crack, stone hole, stone surface and soil surface.

4. The micro-topography-based ecological restoration method for rocky desertification slope surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil in step S4 is mixed by fertilizer, litter, water retaining agent and soil loosening agent.

5. The micro-topography-based ecological restoration method for rocky desertification slope surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gauze with good water absorption in step S4 is sponge gauze.

Images