A method for preventing and controlling winter diseases and pests of large cherries

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of disease and pest control of fruit trees, and relates to a method for preventing and controlling winter diseases and pests of big cherries. The method comprises the following steps: in winter, spraying an ethanol aqueous solution on the trunk of the big cherry and / or the soil around the trunk, igniting, and burning the source of the diseases and pests. The method can greatly reduce the pathogenic bacteria and insect population base in the coming year, that is, it can reduce overwintering diseases and pests, and the reagent used is green, efficient and non-polluting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fruit tree disease and pest control technology, specifically relating to a method for controlling winter diseases and pests of sweet cherries. Background Technology

[0002] Sweet cherries, also known as Western cherries, are crisp and firm with a delicate, translucent, and beautiful appearance. They also have good storage and transportation properties.

[0003] Guizhou experiences excessive rainfall and high humidity throughout the year, indirectly leading to a high incidence of pests and diseases, which negatively impact tree vigor, fruit set, and fruit development. Years of cultivation practice and surveys of Guizhou's main cherry-growing areas have revealed that the most significant diseases are brown rot, gummosis, and brown spot. The main pest is the fruit fly. These pests and diseases severely affect the economic benefits of sweet cherries.

[0004] Currently, the basic management methods for sweet cherry orchards in winter are as follows: Combine winter pruning with the removal of dead and diseased branches. The pruned diseased branches should be promptly removed from the orchard and burned. Disease spots on branches and trunks should be scraped off, and the scraped bark should be removed from the orchard and burned. After scraping off the old bark, it should be promptly whitewashed, and lime sulfur should be sprayed throughout the orchard. The drawbacks of these methods include: (1) they cannot eliminate larvae in the shallow soil layer; (2) for deeper wormholes, spraying lime sulfur is ineffective. Currently, there is a lack of highly efficient methods for controlling sweet cherry pests and diseases. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for controlling winter diseases and pests in sweet cherries. The control method described in this invention can significantly reduce the initial population of pathogens and insects in the following year, thus reducing overwintering diseases and pests. Furthermore, the reagents used are green, efficient, and pollution-free.

[0006] This invention provides a method for controlling pests and diseases in sweet cherries during winter, comprising the following steps:

[0007] In winter, spray the trunk and / or the soil around the cherry tree with an ethanol aqueous solution and ignite it to burn away the source of pests and diseases.

[0008] Preferably, the volume percentage of ethanol in the aqueous ethanol solution is 95%.

[0009] Preferably, the spraying is applied to the point of wetting the surface without dripping.

[0010] Preferably, before spraying, the process also includes pruning diseased and insect-infested branches and clearing away dead branches and fallen leaves.

[0011] Preferably, the pests and diseases include both diseases and pests.

[0012] Preferably, when there are insect holes in the tree trunk, the insects in the holes should be removed first, and then the holes should be sprayed.

[0013] Preferably, when the tree trunk is infected with pathogens, the diseased part should be scraped off first before spraying.

[0014] Preferably, the soil around the tree trunk includes the soil within 30cm of the tree trunk.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes soil, fertilizer and water management.

[0016] Preferably, the soil, fertilizer and water management includes deep plowing in the autumn.

[0017] This invention provides a method for controlling winter pests and diseases in sweet cherries. The method described in this invention can significantly reduce the initial population of pathogens and insects in the following year, thus reducing overwintering pests and diseases. Furthermore, the reagents used are green, efficient, and pollution-free. Specifically, the control method described in this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) After spraying the ethanol solution onto the tree trunk, the ethanol solution in the deeper insect holes can burn away the larvae in the holes after ignition; (2) It can also greatly reduce pests and diseases by burning the larvae and pathogens in the bark; (3) The temperature of the ethanol solution after ignition reaches about 300℃ and the burning time is within 15 seconds, which can ensure that pathogens and larvae are killed, but will not damage the phloem. Detailed Implementation

[0019] This invention provides a method for controlling pests and diseases in sweet cherries during winter, comprising the following steps:

[0020] In winter, spray the trunk and / or the soil around the cherry tree with an ethanol aqueous solution and ignite it to burn away the source of pests and diseases.

[0021] In this invention, prior to spraying, it is preferable to prune diseased and insect-infested branches and remove dead branches and fallen leaves. In this invention, when there are insect holes in the tree trunk, it is preferable to first remove the insects from the holes before spraying. In this invention, it is preferable to use a wire to remove the insects from the holes. In this invention, when the tree trunk is infected with pathogens, it is preferable to first scrape off the diseased parts before spraying.

[0022] The trunk and / or surrounding soil of the cherry tree are sprayed with an aqueous ethanol solution. In this invention, the volume percentage of ethanol in the aqueous ethanol solution is preferably 95%. In this invention, the spraying is preferably applied until the soil is moistened but not dripping. This invention does not specifically limit the spraying method; a commercially available spray bottle can be used. In this invention, the soil surrounding the trunk includes the soil within 30 cm of the trunk. This invention uses an aqueous ethanol solution of a specific concentration for spraying and then ignites it; this method will not cause a fire, only the surface of the area where the aqueous ethanol solution was sprayed will burn.

[0023] After spraying, ignite the solution to burn away the source of pests and diseases. In this invention, the pests and diseases include both diseases and insect pests. Preferably, the diseases include one or more of brown rot, gummosis, and brown spot. Preferably, the insect pests include one or more of fruit flies, longhorn beetles, and mulberry scale insects.

[0024] In this invention, the prevention and control method preferably further includes soil, fertilizer, and water management. In this invention, the soil, fertilizer, and water management preferably includes deep tilling in autumn. The deep tilling described in this invention is preferably directed around the fruit trees, which is beneficial for improving the soil's physical and chemical properties and enhancing soil permeability.

[0025] This invention utilizes green prevention and control methods to significantly reduce the incidence of diseases and pests such as brown rot, gummosis, brown spot, fruit flies, longhorn beetles, and mulberry scale insects in sweet cherries in Guizhou Province, thereby reducing the overwintering pathogen population and pest base. The operation is simple and easy to implement, and all reagents used are environmentally friendly and produced by universities, ensuring the cherries are safe for consumption and guaranteeing the healthy growth of cherry trees.

[0026] To further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description of a method for controlling winter pests and diseases of sweet cherries provided by the present invention is provided in conjunction with embodiments, but these should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] In winter, clean the garden by pruning diseased and insect-infested branches and clearing away dead branches and fallen leaves.

[0029] Use a wire to remove the insects from the holes in the tree trunk. Spray a 95% ethanol solution into the holes until the solution wets them but does not drip. Then, ignite the solution to burn away any remaining insect eggs.

[0030] After scraping away the diseased parts of the tree trunk, spray the tree trunk and the soil surface within 30cm around the tree trunk with an ethanol aqueous solution with a volume percentage of 95%. The ethanol aqueous solution should be sprayed to wet the bark without dripping. Then, ignite the solution to burn away the insect eggs and fungal spots.

[0031] Strengthen the management of soil, fertilizer and water in the orchard, and carry out deep plowing in the autumn.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] The experiment was conducted at the Guizhou Provincial Horticultural Research Institute's sweet cherry experimental site. A five-point sampling method was used, selecting three sweet cherry trees of the Shuguang No. 2 variety as the experimental subjects. The insect population was investigated before and after the experiment (specific procedures were the same as in Example 1). The results are as follows. The results show that the insect population significantly decreased after the experiment.

[0034] Table 1. Statistics on Insect Population Base

[0035] Pre-treatment insect population After treatment, the insect population base 774 112

[0036] Compared with cultivation methods that do not involve burning, the incidence of brown rot, gummosis, and brown spot disease in sweet cherries decreased by 57%, 63%, and 69%, respectively. This demonstrates that the method of the present invention can effectively control brown rot, gummosis, and brown spot disease in sweet cherries.

[0037] Compared to cultivation practices that do not involve burning, pests such as fruit flies, longhorn beetles, and mulberry scale insects were reduced.

[0038] Comparative Example 1

[0039] Other operating conditions were the same as in Example 1, except that the volume percentage of ethanol in the aqueous ethanol solution was changed to 92%. Compared with Example 2, after treatment, the incidence of brown rot, gummosis and brown spot disease in sweet cherry was reduced by 43%, 51% and 52%, respectively, when the insect population was 201.

[0040] Comparative Example 2

[0041] Other operating conditions were the same as in Example 1, except that the volume percentage of ethanol in the aqueous ethanol solution was changed to 75%. Compared with Example 2, the treated insect population was 313, and the incidence of brown rot, gummosis and brown spot disease in sweet cherry was reduced by 29%, 30% and 33%, respectively.

[0042] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling winter diseases and pests of large cherry, characterized by, It comprises the following steps: Spraying, igniting, and burning the source of the disease and insect pests on the big cherry tree trunk and / or the soil around the trunk with an ethanol aqueous solution in winter; the volume percentage of ethanol in the ethanol aqueous solution is 95%; the spraying is to wet the tree trunk and not to drip; before the spraying, the diseased and insect-infested branches are pruned, and the dry branches and fallen leaves are cleaned; the soil around the tree trunk includes the soil within 30 cm from the tree trunk.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The disease and insect pests include diseases and insect pests.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, When the tree trunk has insect holes, the insects in the insect holes are first removed, and then the insect holes are sprayed.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, When the tree trunk is infected with pathogenic bacteria, the diseased part is first removed, and then the spraying is performed.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, It also includes soil, fertilizer, and water management.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The soil, fertilizer, and water management includes deep ploughing in autumn.