A self-resetting follow-up centering positioning device for machining a cover of a reduction gearbox of a station wagon

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of truck reduction gearbox cover processing, in particular to a follow-up self-reset centering positioning device for station type truck reduction gearbox cover processing. It comprises a base, a rotary pressing mechanism, a self-reset centering mechanism, a side positioning mechanism and a supporting mechanism. The rotary pressing mechanism comprises a rotary support, a crossbeam, an inverted U-shaped pressing plate and a pressing mechanism. The self-reset centering mechanism comprises a first M-shaped support plate, a second M-shaped support plate and an elastic reset mechanism. The side positioning mechanism comprises a pair of support columns. The supporting mechanism comprises a pair of long support rods and short support rods vertically installed on the base. The self-reset centering mechanism automatically centers the reduction gearbox cover and can adapt to the fluctuation of the casting size of the blank shape. The rotary pressing mechanism presses the workpiece in a three-point manner, and the product can be pressed and relaxed without disassembly. Therefore, the present application eliminates the marking work, improves the personnel output rate and equipment utilization rate, and reduces the labor intensity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vehicle gearbox housing cover processing technology, specifically to a self-resetting centering and positioning device for processing gearbox housing covers of stationary tractor vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] As an important component of the drive system, the gearbox cover of a stationary tractor is mainly used to fix the transmission gear system and transmit torque, in conjunction with the gearbox housing. Because this product is an irregularly shaped part, the machining of the mating surface with the gearbox housing and the related mounting and positioning holes is labor-intensive, resulting in poor product clamping and positioning repeatability, and inconsistent product quality.

[0003] The main problems are as follows: First, scribing is required. This involves marking the product's symmetrical center line and machining baseline with a scribing pen. Before machining, the product's horizontal plane and symmetrical center line are corrected to establish the machining coordinate origin. This process must be repeated for each product. Second, the product's machining quality is unstable and inconsistent. Specifically, the mounting and positioning holes are asymmetrical after machining, causing misalignment (±2mm) on the outer surface after assembly with the gearbox housing. This not only affects the appearance quality but also causes asymmetrical hole machining depth after assembly, resulting in fluctuations in the cutting depth of the insert and potentially causing insert chipping. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems raised in the background art, and in order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a self-resetting centering and positioning device for machining the gearbox cover of a station tractor, which can achieve high accuracy of product clamping and repeated positioning and eliminate the need for scribing.

[0005] The specific technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A self-resetting centering and positioning device for processing the gearbox cover of a station tractor includes a base 21, a rotating pressing mechanism 22, a self-resetting centering mechanism 23, a side positioning mechanism 24, and a support mechanism 25.

[0006] The rotary pressing mechanism 22 includes a rotary support 221, a crossbeam 222, an inverted U-shaped pressure plate 223, and a pressing mechanism. The rotary support 221 stands upright at one end of the base 21. One end of the crossbeam 222 is connected to the upper end of the rotary support 221 through a rotating shaft 225, so that the crossbeam 222 is arranged along the length of the base 21, and the other end of the crossbeam 222 is connected to the bottom plate of the U-shaped pressure plate 223. The pressing mechanism is used to press the crossbeam 222 vertically downward.

[0007] The self-resetting centering mechanism 23 includes a first M-shaped support plate 231, a second M-shaped support plate 232, and an elastic reset mechanism. The upper middle part of the first M-shaped support plate 231 and the second M-shaped support plate 232 is a horizontal support part. The first M-shaped support plate 231 and the second M-shaped support plate 232 are vertically mounted on the base 21 through the elastic reset mechanism, so that the first M-shaped support plate 231 and the second M-shaped support plate 232 are pressed down or rebounded in the vertical direction.

[0008] The side positioning mechanism 24 includes a pair of support columns 241, which are installed upright at the other end of the base 21. A pair of top rods 242 are threadedly inserted into the upper end of the pair of support columns 241, and each top rod is arranged horizontally along the length of the base 21 and locked with a nut.

[0009] The support mechanism 25 includes a pair of long support rods 251 and short support rods 252 that are erected on the base 21;

[0010] In use, the cavity of the gearbox cover 1 is arranged upwards, and the outer arc surfaces 11 of R115 and the outer arc surfaces 12 of R119 at both ends of the gearbox cover 1 are respectively located on the first M-shaped support plate 231 and the second M-shaped support plate 232; a pair of long support rods 251 are supported at the lower end of the outer arc surface 11 of R115, and a short support rod 252 passes through the horizontal support part of the second M-shaped support plate 232 and is supported at the lower end of the outer arc surface 12 of R119; one end of a pair of push rods 242 is correspondingly abutted against a pair of side positioning reference surfaces 13 of the gearbox cover 1; the crossbeam 222 is pressed down, so that the protruding ends of a pair of side plates of the U-shaped pressure plate 223 are correspondingly located on a pair of inner cavity concave surfaces 14 of the gearbox cover 1.

[0011] Furthermore, the clamping mechanism includes a transition plate 2241, a stud 2242, a clamping nut 2243, and a clamping column 2244. The transition plate 2241 is rotatably mounted on one end of the corresponding rotating bracket 221 of the crossbeam 222 via a shaft 2245. The stud 2242 is fixedly mounted on the base 21, such that the upper end of the stud 2242 vertically passes through the crossbeam 222. The transition plate 2241 engages with the corresponding stud 2242 via a slot, and the upper end of the stud 2242 is locked by the clamping nut 2243.

[0012] The clamping column 2244 is threaded onto the other end of the crossbeam 222, and a square nut 2246 is fitted on the upper end.

[0013] Furthermore, the extended end of the crossbeam 222 and the middle part of the bottom plate of the U-shaped pressure plate 223 are fixedly connected by threads.

[0014] Furthermore, the elastic reset mechanism includes four spring guide rods 2331, such that each spring guide rod 2331 corresponds one-to-one with each support leg of the first M-shaped support plate 231 and the second M-shaped support plate 232.

[0015] The lower end of each spring guide rod 2331 is fixedly mounted on the base 21 via a disc base plate. A spring 2332 is sleeved on each spring guide rod 2331. The spring guide rod 2331 is inserted into the support leg, so that the upper end of the spring 2332 and the lower end of the corresponding support leg abut against each other.

[0016] Furthermore, the upper end of each long support rod and short support rod 252 is provided as an arc-shaped positioning support surface.

[0017] Furthermore, the base 21 is square, and the bottom of both ends of the base 21 along its length is provided with downward protruding positioning blocks 211 for positioning and installing the positioning device. The upper end of the base 21 is provided with lifting rings 212 at the four right angles respectively.

[0018] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] This invention discloses a self-resetting centering and positioning device for machining a gearbox cover of a stationary tractor. The device includes a base, a rotating clamping mechanism, a self-resetting centering mechanism, a side positioning mechanism, and a support mechanism. The four upper slopes of the first and second M-shaped support plates of the self-resetting centering mechanism correspond to and contact the R115 and R119 outer arc surfaces of the gearbox cover. At this time, the two V-shaped openings of the first and second M-shaped support plates are the tangent surfaces of the arc surfaces. In this case, the center of symmetry of the V-shaped openings is the center of symmetry of the arc surfaces. Utilizing the compressibility and self-resetting characteristics of the spring, the device achieves the desired centering and positioning of the gearbox cover. The automatic centering of the gearbox cover can adapt to fluctuations in the casting dimensions of the blank. The rotary clamping mechanism clamps the gearbox cover at three points: the two ends of the U-shaped pressure plate and the lower end of the clamping column clamp the gearbox cover. This allows for clamping and loosening of the product without disassembly, resulting in high repeatability and positioning accuracy without the need for scribing. Simultaneously, this positioning device effectively controls the product's machining quality, reducing the misalignment between the gearbox cover and the housing from ±2mm to within ±0.2mm, improving the appearance quality after assembly, and successfully resolving the chipping issue caused by changes in the machining depth of the cutting tool during hole machining. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a self-resetting centering and positioning device for machining the gearbox cover of a stationary tractor, according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the base of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rotary clamping mechanism of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the self-resetting centering mechanism of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the side positioning mechanism of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the support mechanism of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gearbox housing cover to be processed according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the usage state of a self-resetting centering and positioning device for machining the gearbox cover of a stationary tractor, according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the misaligned assembly of the gearbox housing and the cover of the present invention.

[0029] The components include: base 21, positioning block 211, lifting ring 212, rotating clamping mechanism 22, rotating bracket 221, crossbeam 222, U-shaped pressure plate 223, transition pressure plate 2241, stud 2242, clamping nut 2243, clamping column 2244, shaft 2245, square nut 2246, rotating shaft 225, self-resetting centering mechanism 23, first M-shaped support plate 231, second M-shaped support plate 232, spring guide rod 2331, spring 2332, side positioning mechanism 24, a pair of support columns 241, a pair of top rods 242, support mechanism 25, a pair of long support rods 251, short support rods 252, R115 outer arc surface 11, R119 outer arc surface 12, a pair of side positioning reference surfaces 13, and a pair of inner cavity concave surfaces 14. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Example

[0031] See Figure 1 A self-resetting centering and positioning device for machining the gearbox cover of a stationary tractor includes a base 21, a rotary clamping mechanism 22, a self-resetting centering mechanism 23, a side positioning mechanism 24, and a support mechanism 25; see Figure 2The base 21 is square, and both ends of the base 21 along its length are provided with downwardly protruding positioning blocks 211 for positioning and installing the positioning device.

[0032] The upper end of the base 21 is provided with a hanging ring 212 at each of the four right angles.

[0033] See Figure 3 The rotary pressing mechanism 22 includes a rotary support 221, a crossbeam 222, an inverted U-shaped pressure plate 223, and a pressing mechanism. The rotary support 221 is upright at one end of the base 21. One end of the crossbeam 222 is connected to the upper end of the rotary support 221 through a rotating shaft 225, so that the crossbeam 222 is arranged along the length of the base 21, and the other end of the crossbeam 222 is connected to the bottom plate of the U-shaped pressure plate 223. The pressing mechanism is used to press the crossbeam 222 vertically downward.

[0034] The clamping mechanism includes a transition plate 2241, a stud 2242, a clamping nut 2243, and a clamping column 2244. The transition plate 2241 is rotatably mounted on one end of the corresponding rotating bracket 221 of the crossbeam 222 via a shaft 2245. The stud 2242 is fixedly mounted on the base 21, such that the upper end of the stud 2242 vertically passes through the crossbeam 222. The transition plate 2241 engages with the corresponding stud 2242 via a slot, and the upper end of the stud 2242 is locked by the clamping nut 2243.

[0035] The clamping column 2244 is threaded onto the other end of the crossbeam 222, and a square nut 2246 is fitted on the upper end.

[0036] The extended end of the crossbeam 222 and the middle part of the bottom plate of the U-shaped pressure plate 223 are fixedly connected by threads.

[0037] The main function of the rotary clamping mechanism 22 is to clamp and release the product (gearbox cover 1) without disassembly. During the clamping and releasing process, no parts need to be removed. Specifically, when releasing, the clamping nut 2243 is clamped, and the transition plate 2241 rotates clockwise around the shaft 2245 to disengage from the clamping nut 2243, allowing the crossbeam 222 to rotate around the shaft 225 and disengage from the product. When clamping, first, the crossbeam 222 is rotated around the shaft 225 until it contacts the gearbox cover 1. Then, the transition plate 2241 is rotated to a position directly below the clamping nut 2243, and the clamping nut 2243 is rotated to clamp. Afterward, the square nut 2246 is rotated until the clamping post 2244 contacts the gearbox cover 1, and then rotated 1 / 4 turn, thus clamping the product.

[0038] See Figure 4The self-resetting centering mechanism 23 includes a first M-shaped support plate 231, a second M-shaped support plate 232, and an elastic reset mechanism. The upper middle part of the first M-shaped support plate 231 and the second M-shaped support plate 232 is a horizontal support part.

[0039] The first M-shaped support plate 231 and the second M-shaped support plate 232 are mounted upright on the base 21 through an elastic reset mechanism, so that the first M-shaped support plate 231 and the second M-shaped support plate 232 are pressed down or spring back in the vertical direction.

[0040] The elastic reset mechanism includes four spring guide rods 2331, such that each spring guide rod 2331 corresponds one-to-one with each support leg of the first M-shaped support plate 231 and the second M-shaped support plate 232.

[0041] The lower end of each spring guide rod 2331 is fixedly mounted on the base 21 via a disc base plate. A spring 2332 is sleeved on each spring guide rod 2331. The spring guide rod 2331 is inserted into the support leg, so that the upper end of the spring 2332 and the lower end of the corresponding support leg abut against each other.

[0042] The self-resetting centering mechanism 23 ensures that the product's symmetrical center line coincides with the symmetrical center line of the V-shaped openings of the first M-shaped support plate 231 and the second M-shaped support plate 232, thereby achieving stable repeatability of the product's positioning accuracy and adapting to fluctuations in the casting dimensions of the gearbox cover 1 without affecting the automatic centering of the product. Specifically, the first M-shaped support plate 231 and the second M-shaped support plate maintain an upward force under the action of spring force. When the gearbox cover 1 falls into the positioning device from top to bottom, it first contacts the V-shaped openings of the first M-shaped support plate 231 and the second M-shaped support plate. Under the action of spring force, the first M-shaped support plate 231 and the second M-shaped support plate maintain contact with the R115 outer arc surface 11 and R119 outer arc surface 12 of the gearbox cover 1, thus achieving centering of the gearbox cover 1, i.e., achieving positioning and freedom restriction of the product in the X direction. After the product is removed, the first M-shaped support plate 231 and the second M-shaped support plate automatically return to their original positions under the action of spring force.

[0043] See Figure 5 The side positioning mechanism 24 includes a pair of support columns 241, which are installed upright at the other end of the base 21. A pair of top rods 242 are threadedly inserted into the upper end of the pair of support columns 241, and each top rod is arranged horizontally along the length of the base 21 and locked with a nut.

[0044] The side positioning mechanism 24 is used to achieve Y-axis positioning and degree of freedom restriction of the gearbox housing cover 1. That is, a pair of push rods 242 are in contact with the side positioning reference surface 13 of the gearbox housing cover 1, and the pair of push rods 242 are threadedly connected to a pair of support columns 241, so that the pair of push rods 242 can be adjusted to adapt to the fluctuation of the size of different batches of castings.

[0045] See Figure 6 The support mechanism 25 includes a pair of long support rods 251 and short support rods 252 that are erected on the base 21;

[0046] The upper end of each long support rod and short support rod 252 is provided with an arc-shaped positioning support surface.

[0047] The function of the support mechanism 25 is to achieve Z-axis positioning and degree of freedom restriction for the gearbox cover 1. That is, a pair of long support rods 251 and short support rods 252 contact the reference surfaces at different heights of the gearbox cover 1 and jointly support the gearbox cover 1 to ensure the horizontality of the machined part.

[0048] See Figure 7 and Figure 8 In use, the cavity of the gearbox cover 1 is arranged upwards, and the outer arc surfaces 11 of R115 and the outer arc surfaces 12 of R119 at both ends of the gearbox cover 1 are respectively set on the first M-shaped support plate 231 and the second M-shaped support plate 232; a pair of long support rods 251 are supported at the lower end of the outer arc surface 11 of R115, and the short support rods 252 pass through the horizontal support part of the second M-shaped support plate 232 and are supported at the lower end of the outer arc surface 12 of R119; one end of a pair of top rods 242 is correspondingly abutted against a pair of side positioning reference surfaces 13 of the gearbox cover 1; the crossbeam 222 is pressed down, so that the protruding ends of a pair of side plates of the U-shaped pressure plate 223 are correspondingly located on a pair of inner cavity concave surfaces 14 of the gearbox cover 1.

[0049] Working process: The upper four sloping surfaces of the first M-shaped support plate 231 and the second M-shaped support plate 232 are in contact with the circle. At this time, the two V-shaped openings of the first M-shaped support plate 231 and the second M-shaped support plate 232 are the tangent surfaces of the circle. In this case, the center of symmetry of the V-shaped opening is the center of symmetry of the circle. Then, by utilizing the compressibility and self-resetting characteristics of the spring 2332, the automatic centering of the product is achieved.

[0050] First, rotate the rotary clamping mechanism 22 clockwise to the right side of the rotary support 221. Then, place the gearbox cover 1 with its horizontal surface facing upwards, i.e., the cavity is arranged upwards. Under the action of the spring force, the two V-shaped openings of the self-resetting centering mechanism 23 make corresponding contact with the outer arc surfaces 11 (R115) and 12 (R119) of the gearbox cover 1. The product makes contact with the support mechanism 25 under the weight of the gearbox cover 1. Then, the gearbox cover 1 makes contact with the side positioning mechanism 24. At this point, the X, Y, and Z directions of the product are positioned. Finally, rotate the crossbeam 222 of the rotary clamping mechanism 22 counterclockwise to contact the workpiece. Rotate the transition plate 2241 to directly below the clamping nut 2243. Rotate the clamping nut 2243 to tighten. Then, rotate the square nut 2246 until the clamping column 2244 contacts the gearbox cover 1 and rotates it 1 / 4 turn. At this point, the product is clamped.

[0051] Therefore, this invention utilizes the four sloping surfaces at the upper ends of the first M-shaped support plate 231 and the second M-shaped support plate 232 to contact the circle. At this time, the two V-shaped openings of the first M-shaped support plate 231 and the second M-shaped support plate 232 are the tangent surfaces of the circle. In this case, the center of symmetry of the V-shaped opening is the center of symmetry of the circle. Furthermore, utilizing the compressibility and self-resetting characteristics of the spring 2332, automatic centering of the gearbox cover 1 is achieved, adapting to fluctuations in the casting dimensions of the blank. The rotary clamping mechanism 22 performs three-point clamping on the workpiece, namely, the two ends of the U-shaped pressure plate 223 and the lower end of the clamping column 2244 clamp the workpiece, simultaneously clamping and releasing the product without disassembly. This eliminates the need for marking, increases personnel productivity and equipment utilization, and reduces labor intensity.

[0052] See Figure 9 Meanwhile, the positioning device can effectively control the product processing quality, reduce the misalignment between the gearbox cover and the housing from ±2mm to within ±0.2mm, improve the appearance quality of the product after assembly, and successfully solve the chipping phenomenon of the cutting tool caused by the change of processing depth during hole processing.

[0053] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-resetting centering and positioning device for machining the gearbox cover of a stationary tractor, characterized in that: It includes a base (21), a rotary pressing mechanism (22), a self-resetting centering mechanism (23), a side positioning mechanism (24), and a support mechanism (25); The rotary pressing mechanism (22) includes a rotary support (221), a crossbeam (222), an inverted U-shaped pressure plate (223), and a pressing mechanism. The rotary support (221) is upright at one end of the base (21). One end of the crossbeam (222) is connected to the upper end of the rotary support (221) through a rotating shaft (225), so that the crossbeam (222) is arranged along the length direction of the base (21), and the other end of the crossbeam (222) is connected to the bottom plate of the U-shaped pressure plate (223). The pressing mechanism is used to press the crossbeam (222) vertically downward. The self-resetting centering mechanism (23) includes a first M-shaped support plate (231), a second M-shaped support plate (232), and an elastic reset mechanism. The upper middle part of the first M-shaped support plate (231) and the second M-shaped support plate (232) is a horizontal support part. The first M-shaped support plate (231) and the second M-shaped support plate (232) are mounted upright on the base (21) through an elastic reset mechanism, so that the first M-shaped support plate (231) and the second M-shaped support plate (232) are pressed down or rebounded in the vertical direction; The side positioning mechanism (24) includes a pair of support columns (241), which are installed upright at the other end of the base (21). A pair of top rods (242) are threadedly inserted into the upper end of the pair of support columns (241), and each top rod is arranged horizontally along the length of the base (21) and locked with a nut. The support mechanism (25) includes a pair of long support rods (251) and short support rods (252) that are erected on the base (21). In use, the cavity of the gearbox cover (1) is arranged upwards, and the outer arc surfaces (11) of R115 and the outer arc surfaces (12) of R119 at both ends of the gearbox cover (1) are respectively set on the first M-shaped support plate (231) and the second M-shaped support plate (232); a pair of long support rods (251) are supported at the lower end of the outer arc surface (11) of R115, and a short support rod (252) passes through the horizontal support part of the second M-shaped support plate (232) and is supported at the lower end of the outer arc surface (12) of R119; one end of a pair of top rods (242) is correspondingly abutted on a pair of side positioning reference surfaces (13) of the gearbox cover (1); the crossbeam (222) is pressed down, so that the protruding ends of a pair of side plates of the U-shaped pressure plate (223) are correspondingly located on a pair of inner cavity concave surfaces (14) of the gearbox cover (1); The rotary clamping mechanism (22) includes a transition plate (2241), a stud (2242), a clamping nut (2243), and a clamping column (2244). The transition plate (2241) is rotatably mounted on one end of the corresponding rotary bracket (221) of the crossbeam (222) via a shaft (2245). The stud (2242) is fixedly mounted on the base (21) so that the upper end of the stud (2242) passes vertically through the crossbeam (222). The transition plate (2241) engages with the corresponding stud (2242) via a slot, and the upper end of the stud (2242) is locked by the clamping nut (2243). The clamping column (2244) is threaded onto the other end of the crossbeam (222), and a square nut (2246) is fitted on the upper end. The elastic reset mechanism includes four spring guide rods (2331), such that each spring guide rod (2331) corresponds to one of the support legs of the first M-shaped support plate (231) and the second M-shaped support plate (232). The lower end of each spring guide rod (2331) is fixedly installed on the base (21) through a disc base plate. A spring (2332) is sleeved on each spring guide rod (2331). The spring guide rod (2331) is inserted into the support leg, so that the upper end of the spring (2332) and the lower end of the corresponding support leg abut against each other. The upper end of each of the long support rods (251) and short support rods (252) is provided with an arc-shaped positioning support surface.

2. The self-resetting centering and positioning device for machining the gearbox cover of a stationary tractor as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The extended end of the crossbeam (222) and the middle part of the bottom plate of the U-shaped pressure plate (223) are fixedly connected by threads.

3. The self-resetting centering and positioning device for machining the gearbox cover of a stationary tractor as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The base (21) is square, and the bottom of both ends of the base (21) in the length direction is provided with downward protruding positioning blocks (211) for positioning and installing the positioning device. The upper end of the base (21) is provided with lifting rings (212) at the four right angles respectively.

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