Method and device for predicting the degree of deviation of a borehole

Abstract

The application provides a drilling deflection degree prediction method and device, historical drilling data is acquired, and a plurality of prediction equations are established based on the historical drilling data; a drilling end point of a to-be-predicted drilling hole is determined based on the plurality of prediction equations and preset drill rod parameters of the to-be-predicted drilling hole; and a drilling deflection rate of the to-be-predicted drilling hole is determined based on the drilling end point and the preset drill rod parameters. The application can provide strong guarantee for drilling to meet design specifications, and is beneficial to cost reduction and efficiency increase of drilling work.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological exploration technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for predicting borehole deviation. Background Technology

[0002] In mine geological exploration and water drainage work, the common practice is to "probe geophysical exploration first, then verify with drilling." The "Detailed Rules for Water Prevention and Control in Coal Mines" stipulates that "when exploring and draining water from old workings, collapse columns, and boreholes, exploration boreholes should be arranged in groups, forming a fan shape in both the horizontal and vertical planes in front of the roadway." During drilling, due to differences in geological conditions, drilling parameters, the power and performance of drilling equipment, and the varying skill levels of construction personnel, the actual borehole trajectory often deviates from the design, sometimes significantly, failing to meet the drilling design specifications. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for predicting borehole deviation, so as to predict the deviation of the borehole, thereby providing a strong guarantee for the borehole to meet the design specifications and helping to reduce costs and increase efficiency in drilling work.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for predicting borehole deviation, the method comprising: acquiring historical drilling data and establishing multiple prediction equations based on the historical drilling data; wherein the historical drilling data includes historical drill rod parameters, strata parameters, and real-time parameters of historical boreholes; determining the borehole endpoint of the borehole to be predicted based on the multiple prediction equations and preset drill rod parameters of the borehole to be predicted; and determining the borehole deviation rate of the borehole to be predicted based on the borehole endpoint and the preset drill rod parameters.

[0005] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a borehole deviation prediction device, the device comprising: an establishment module, configured to acquire historical drilling data and establish multiple prediction equations based on the historical drilling data; wherein the historical drilling data includes historical drill rod parameters, strata parameters, and real-time parameters of historical boreholes; a first determination module, configured to determine the borehole endpoint of the borehole to be predicted based on the multiple prediction equations and preset drill rod parameters of the borehole to be predicted; and a second determination module, configured to determine the borehole deviation rate of the borehole to be predicted based on the borehole endpoint and the preset drill rod parameters.

[0006] This invention provides a method and apparatus for predicting borehole deviation. It acquires historical drilling data and establishes multiple prediction equations based on this data. The historical drilling data includes historical drill rod parameters and real-time parameters for historical boreholes. Based on the multiple prediction equations and preset drill rod parameters for the borehole to be predicted, the borehole endpoint is determined. Based on the borehole endpoint and the preset drill rod parameters, the borehole deviation rate is determined. Using this technology, the borehole deviation rate can be predicted in real time according to the prediction equations. This allows relevant personnel to adjust the drilling work of the borehole according to the predicted deviation rate, providing a strong guarantee that the borehole meets design specifications and facilitating cost reduction and efficiency improvement in drilling operations.

[0007] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention are realized and obtained in accordance with the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings.

[0008] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0009] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0010] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for predicting borehole deviation in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0011] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the drill pipe inclination angle and azimuth angle in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the dip angle and azimuth angle of the rock strata in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the force analysis of the drill rod in the same rock stratum in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the velocity analysis of the drill rod as it passes through the rock stratum contact surface in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 6 This is an example diagram of three-dimensional analysis of the borehole trajectory in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 7 This is an example diagram of two-dimensional analysis of the borehole trajectory in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 8 This is an example diagram of the rock stratum contact surface in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 9 This is an example diagram illustrating the velocity analysis of the drill pipe as it passes through the rock stratum contact surface in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 10 This is a comparative example diagram of the designed drilling and the actual drilling in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a borehole deviation prediction device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Currently, during drilling operations, factors such as varying geological conditions, different drilling parameters, inconsistent power and performance of drilling equipment, and varying skill levels of personnel often lead to deviations between the actual borehole trajectory and the design, sometimes significant deviations that fail to meet drilling design specifications. Therefore, this invention provides a method and apparatus for predicting borehole deviation, which can predict the degree of borehole deviation, thus providing strong assurance that the borehole meets design specifications and facilitating cost reduction and efficiency improvement in drilling operations.

[0023] To facilitate understanding of this embodiment, a method for predicting borehole deviation disclosed in this invention will first be described in detail. (See [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 1 The diagram shows a flowchart of a method for predicting borehole deviation, which may include the following steps:

[0024] Step S102: Obtain historical drilling data and establish multiple prediction equations based on the historical drilling data.

[0025] The aforementioned historical drilling data may include historical drill pipe parameters, strata parameters, and real-time parameters from historical boreholes.

[0026] Step S104: Based on multiple prediction equations and the preset drill rod parameters of the borehole to be predicted, determine the borehole endpoint of the borehole to be predicted.

[0027] Step S106: Based on the borehole endpoint and preset drill rod parameters, determine the borehole deviation rate of the borehole to be predicted.

[0028] This invention provides a method for predicting borehole deviation. It acquires historical drilling data and establishes multiple prediction equations based on this data. The historical drilling data includes historical drill rod parameters, strata parameters, and real-time parameters for historical boreholes. Based on the multiple prediction equations and preset drill rod parameters for the borehole to be predicted, the borehole endpoint is determined. Finally, based on the borehole endpoint and the preset drill rod parameters, the borehole deviation rate is determined. Using this technique, the borehole deviation rate can be predicted in real time according to the prediction equations. This allows relevant personnel to adjust the drilling work based on the predicted deviation rate, providing strong assurance that the borehole meets design specifications and facilitating cost reduction and efficiency improvement in drilling operations.

[0029] As one possible implementation, the aforementioned historical drill pipe parameters may include historical drill pipe inclination angle and historical drill pipe azimuth angle; the aforementioned real-time parameters may include the real-time position and real-time speed of the drill bit at multiple times; and the aforementioned strata parameters may include strata dip angle and strata dip azimuth angle.

[0030] See Figure 2 As shown, in the spatial rectangular coordinate system xyz, the inclination angle of the drill rod entering the rock layer is α. A The azimuth angle at which the drill rod enters the rock strata is Where OP is the drilling direction, P′ is the projection of P onto the xOy plane, PP′ is perpendicular to the xOy plane, and the drill rod inclination angle α is... A That is, ∠POP′, the drill pipe azimuth angle. This is the angle between the reverse extension of the x-axis and OP′. The dip angle and azimuth angle of the drill pipe entering the rock strata in the historical borehole can be defined as the historical drill pipe dip angle and historical drill pipe azimuth angle, respectively.

[0031] See Figure 3 As shown, let the dip angle of the rock strata be α. B The azimuth of the rock strata is Where φ1′ is the horizontal plane, φ2′ is the rock stratum, line PQ is the intersection of the two planes φ1′ and φ2′, O is a point on PQ, B is a point on φ2′, line BO is perpendicular to line PQ, AO is the projection of BO onto φ1′, A is a point on φ1′, line AO ​​is perpendicular to line PQ, and the rock stratum dip angle α is... B That is, ∠AOB, Y is a point on φ1′, OY is a straight line in the due south and due north direction, and the azimuth of the rock strata dips. That is, ∠AOY.

[0032] As one possible implementation, the aforementioned multiple prediction equations may include a first type of equation characterizing the linear motion of the drill pipe within the rock strata, a second type of equation characterizing the parabolic motion of the drill pipe before it passes through the rock strata contact surface, a third type of equation characterizing the rock strata contact surface, a fourth type of equation characterizing the intersection of the rock strata contact surface and the borehole profile, and a fifth type of equation characterizing the parabolic motion of the drill pipe after it passes through the rock strata contact surface.

[0033] See Figure 4 As shown, a force analysis is performed on the drill rod in the same rock stratum. After the drill rod enters the rock stratum, it is subjected to the weight G of the drill rod itself, the thrust F of the drilling rig, and the supporting force F of the rock wall. N Friction force f. During drilling, since the drilling speed is always relatively low, the net force F acting on the drill pipe along its length can be considered as... x The resultant force along the normal direction of the drill pipe is F, which is 0. y ,in Since G = mg, the acceleration of the drill pipe along its own length in the normal direction is... When F y When F equals 0, the borehole trajectory is a straight line; when F... y When the acceleration is greater than 0, the acceleration a = g × sin(α) - c1. Within the same rock stratum, C1 is a constant and can be obtained by fitting historical drilling data; α represents the angle between the drill pipe length direction and the gravity direction. A Indicates the angle at which the drill pipe enters the rock strata. It is easy to see that the acceleration a is a constant. Therefore, when the component of the drill rod's own weight along the normal direction of the drill rod's length is greater than the maximum supporting force of the rock strata, the borehole trajectory is a parabola.

[0034] See Figure 5As shown, the velocity of the drill bit when it passes through the rock stratum contact surface is analyzed. When the lithology and hardness of two adjacent rock strata are different, the drill bit undergoes a non-perfectly elastic collision at the moment of entering the rock stratum contact surface. The velocity constraints before and after the drill bit collision satisfy v = e × v0, where v0 is the velocity of the drill bit before the collision, v is the velocity of the drill bit after the collision, and e is the coefficient of restitution, satisfying 0 ≤ e ≤ 1. e is only related to the hardness of the rock strata on both sides of the rock stratum contact surface. If the drill bit undergoes a perfectly elastic collision at the moment of entering the rock stratum contact surface, the direction of the velocity v0′ after the drill bit rebounds is different from the direction of v0 with respect to the rock stratum. The contact surface normal is symmetrical, and the magnitudes of the drill bit's velocities before and after rebound satisfy v0 = V0′. It can be deduced that when the drill bit undergoes a non-perfectly elastic collision within a very short time, it will generate an instantaneous velocity v0′. The direction of v0′ is symmetrical to the direction of v0 about the y-axis, and the magnitude of v0′ satisfies v0 = Kv0′, where k depends only on the hardness of the rock layers on both sides of the contact surface, and -1 ≤ k ≤ 1. The direction of the drill bit's velocity v after the collision depends on the collision angle β and the collision velocities (i.e., v0 and v0′). Decomposing v0 and v'0 onto the x-axis and y-axis respectively satisfies... The drill rod moves in a parabolic motion after passing through the contact surface of the rock strata.

[0035] See Figure 6 As shown, the trajectory of the borehole in three-dimensional space is analyzed. φ1 represents the first rock layer, φ2 represents the second rock layer, and plane ABCD represents the contact surface between rock layers φ1 and φ2. PO represents the direction in which the drill rod enters the first rock layer, and O represents the entry point of the drill rod into the first rock layer. A three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system XYZ is established with O as the origin. P′ is the projection of P onto the XOY plane. OQ represents the trajectory of the drill rod moving along a straight line within φ1, QM represents the trajectory of the drill rod moving along a parabola within φ1, M is a point on plane ABCD, and MN represents the trajectory of the drill rod moving along a parabola within φ2. A three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system is established with O as the origin. Take a cross-section along the length of the drill pipe (i.e., the borehole profile, or the xOy plane), and analyze the borehole trajectory on this cross-section (e.g., ...). Figure 7 (As shown).

[0036] As one possible implementation, the steps described above for establishing multiple prediction equations based on historical drilling data may include:

[0037] (11) Based on historical drill pipe parameters and real-time parameters, establish the first type of equations and the second type of equations.

[0038] In this case, the endpoint of the first type of equation is at the same position as the starting point of the second type of equation.

[0039] (12) Based on the second type of equation, historical drill pipe parameters, real-time parameters and rock strata parameters, establish the third type of equation, the fourth type of equation and the fifth type of equation.

[0040] For ease of understanding, here we will use Figures 7 to 9 The operation methods of (11) and (12) above are described as follows:

[0041] Following the previous example, see Figure 7 As shown, a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system xOy and OQ is established. The equation of the line (i.e., the equation of the first kind) is:

[0042] y = tanα A x(3.4.1)

[0043] Figure 7 In the diagram, the length l of OQ is related to the weight of the drill rod itself. l can be obtained by fitting the historical drill rod inclination angle of the historical boreholes and the real-time position of the drill bit (here, it is necessary to obtain the coordinates of multiple real-time positions of the drill bits in the historical boreholes within φ1 corresponding to the xOy coordinate system). When the drill rod moves in a straight line in the rock stratum, it can be assumed that the component of the drill rod's own weight along the normal direction of the drill rod length is less than or equal to the maximum support force of the rock stratum, and the acceleration of the drill rod along the normal direction of its own length is 0. The maximum support force of the rock stratum is G×cos(α). A If α is a constant, then lcos(α) can be considered as lcos(α) A () is a constant value.

[0044] Figure 7 In the middle, Q(lcosα) A lsinα A With OQ as the origin, and the direction perpendicular to OQ as the x′ axis, a new two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system x′Qy′ is established. The acceleration a1 of the drill rod during the parabolic motion in segment QM satisfies:

[0045] a1=g×cos(α A )-C1(3.4.2)

[0046] Where a1 is in the negative direction of the y′ axis;

[0047] Let the drilling speed (i.e., the real-time speed of the drill bit) be v, and the direction of v be the positive direction of the x′ axis; in the x′ direction, x′=vt, and in the y′ direction, x′=vt.

[0048] Therefore, the equation of the parabola in the coordinate system x′Qy′ can be obtained as follows:

[0049]

[0050] The transformation relationship between the x′Qy′ coordinate axis and the xOy coordinate axis is easily obtained as follows:

[0051]

[0052] According to (3.4.6), we can obtain:

[0053]

[0054] According to (3.4.5) and (3.4.7), the equation of the parabola in the xOy coordinate system (i.e., the equation of the second kind) can be obtained:

[0055]

[0056] See Figure 8 As shown, firstly, a rectangular coordinate system is established with point O (i.e., the starting position of the historical borehole) as the origin, south as the positive X-axis, east as the positive Y-axis, and upward as the positive Z-axis. Figure 6 The coordinate system is XYZ, where P is the intersection of the drilling direction and the rock stratum contact surface, EF is the intersection of the rock stratum contact surface and the XOY plane, N is a point on EF, PN is perpendicular to EF, ON is perpendicular to EF, and O′ is an arbitrary point on PN with coordinates (X0, Y0, Z0).

[0057] First, establish a rectangular coordinate system X′Y′Z′ with O′ as the center, NE as the positive X′ axis, O′N as the positive Y′ axis, and the normal direction of the rock strata contact surface as the Z′ axis. Since the rock strata contact surface passes through the X′ axis, the normal vector of the rock strata contact surface is perpendicular to the X′ axis. Therefore, we find that the projection of the normal vector of the rock strata contact surface onto the X′ axis is 0. Thus, the equation of the rock strata contact surface can be written as:

[0058] BY′+CZ′=0

[0059] Among them, -Z′ / Y′=B / C=tan(α B );

[0060] The equation of the contact surface plane is easily obtained as tan(α) B Y′+Z′=0, and the X-axis rotates counterclockwise in the positive direction. Since the X′ axis is positive, we have:

[0061]

[0062] Right now:

[0063]

[0064] The equation for the rock strata contact surface (i.e., the third type of equation) in the XYZ coordinate system can be obtained as follows:

[0065]

[0066] This equation is a plane equation fitted based on the real-time drill bit position data of historical boreholes (here, it is necessary to obtain the coordinates of multiple real-time drill bit positions of historical boreholes on the rock contact surface corresponding to the coordinate system XYZ). It is necessary to translate the coordinate system XYZ to obtain the plane equation with the point to be drilled (i.e., the starting position of the borehole to be predicted) as the origin:

[0067]

[0068] Right now

[0069]

[0070] Among them, X1, Y1 and Z1 can be calculated based on the coordinates of the point to be drilled and point O′ in the XYZ coordinate system, respectively;

[0071] Rotate the coordinate system XYZ counterclockwise around the Z-axis. The coordinate system X″Y″Z″ is then obtained, and the coordinate system X″Y″Z″ satisfies:

[0072]

[0073] Substituting (3.4.10) into (3.4.9) yields:

[0074]

[0075] We can obtain:

[0076]

[0077] Express (3.4.12) as AA·X + BB·Y + Z = CC, where:

[0078]

[0079]

[0080]

[0081] From (3.4.9), we can obtain that, in the XYZ coordinate system, the intercept of the rock strata contact surface with the Y-axis is... (Right now Figure 7 The x-coordinate of point D in the xOy coordinate system shown is intersected by the z-axis by the plane z = CC (i.e., ...). Figure 7 (The ordinate of point C in the xOy coordinate system shown).

[0082] The equation of the intersection line between the rock strata contact surface and the borehole profile (i.e., the fourth type of equation) is:

[0083] y = -BB·x + CC (3.4.13)

[0084] Find the angle between the equation of the intersection line and the x-axis.

[0085] Combining (3.4.13) and (3.4.8), we get:

[0086]

[0087] Solving (3.4.14) yields the following result. Figure 7 The coordinates of point M (x2, y2) in the xOy coordinate system shown are given.

[0088] See Figure 9 As shown, in Figure 7 The velocity of the drill bit when it passes through the rock stratum in the xOy coordinate system shown is analyzed (i.e., the real-time velocity of the drill bit). The slope of the tangent at point M (i.e., the velocity) can be obtained by differentiating (3.4.8). Since the parabola containing QM is an implicit function, it can be defined according to (3.4.8):

[0089]

[0090]

[0091]

[0092] but

[0093]

[0094] Where A = cosα A B = sinα A ;

[0095] Based on the relevant content above, it is easy to conclude...

[0096]

[0097] See Figure 9 As shown, a rectangular coordinate system x″My″ is established with point M as the origin, the direction of v as the positive x″ axis, and the clockwise direction of v as the positive x″ axis. Similar to the principle of the parabola containing QM, the parabola containing MN satisfies x″ = vt in the x″ direction and satisfies vt in the y″ direction.

[0098] Therefore, the equation of the parabola in the coordinate system x″My″ is: in,

[0099] Because the transformation relationship between the x″My″ coordinate axis and the xOy coordinate axis is as follows:

[0100]

[0101]

[0102] This can be solved to obtain the equation of the parabola in the xOy coordinate system (i.e., the fifth kind of equation):

[0103]

[0104] As one possible implementation, the steps of establishing the first type of equation and the second type of equation based on historical drill pipe parameters and real-time parameters may include: determining a first position based on historical drill pipe inclination angle and all real-time drill bit positions, and traversing all first positions to generate the first type of equation; determining a second position based on the endpoint position of the first type of equation, historical drill pipe inclination angle, all real-time drill bit speeds and all real-time drill bit positions, and traversing all second positions to generate the second type of equation.

[0105] Following the previous example, see Figure 7 As shown, the ratio of the real-time position of the drill bit at each moment in the historical drilling process to the ratio of the ordinate to the abscissa in the xOy coordinate system is calculated sequentially according to the time sequence, and it is determined whether the ratio has changed significantly (i.e., the ratio changes with tanα). A Is the difference between them within a certain range, α? A (where α is the drill pipe inclination angle); if the ratio does not change significantly (i.e., the ratio is equal to tanα), then... A If the difference between the two values ​​is within a certain range, then the real-time position of the drill bit at the moment when the ratio does not change significantly is determined as the first position; if the ratio changes significantly (i.e., the ratio differs from tanα), then the real-time position of the drill bit at the moment when the ratio does not change significantly is determined as the first position. A If the difference between them exceeds a certain range, then the coordinates of the real-time position of the drill bit in the xOy coordinate system at the moment when the ratio changes significantly are denoted as (x Q ,y Q ),calculate Then the coordinates Q(lcosα) of the endpoint of the drill pipe's linear movement within the historical borehole can be calculated. A lsinα A ), where lcosα A The first position is set to a constant value; then, the coordinates of each first position in the xOy coordinate system are obtained by iterating through the coordinates of all first positions in the xOy coordinate system and Q(lcosα). A lsinα A A linear equation (i.e., the first type of equation) is fitted to characterize the trajectory of the drill pipe moving in a straight line within the historical borehole, where Q is the endpoint of the first type of equation.

[0106] Following the previous example, see Figure 7 As shown, in the case of Q(lcosα) A lsinα AIn a coordinate system x′Qy′ with the origin as the origin, the coordinates of the three consecutive real-time positions of the drill bit after Q are obtained in ascending time order: (x1′, y1′), (x2′, y2′), and (x3′, y3′). The results are then calculated. And determine whether k′ has changed significantly (i.e., whether the change in k′ is within a certain range); if k′ has not changed significantly (i.e., the change in k′ is within a certain range), then the real-time position of the drill bit at the moment when k′ has not changed significantly is determined as the second position; if k′ has changed significantly (i.e., the change in k′ exceeds a certain range), then the coordinates of the real-time position of the drill bit at the moment when k′ has changed significantly in the coordinate system xOy are denoted as M(x M1 ,y M1 M can be considered as a point on the rock strata interface (i.e., the rock strata contact surface) (i.e., the first rock strata boundary point). Therefore, M(x) can be considered as a point on the rock strata interface (i.e., the rock strata contact surface). M1 ,y M1 The coordinates of the drill rod's parabolic motion within the historical borehole are used as the endpoint coordinates. Then, the coordinates of each second position in the xOy coordinate system and the corresponding real-time drill bit velocity are obtained, and the drill rod inclination angle α is sequentially set. A Substituting the real-time drill bit velocity v corresponding to each second position into (3.4.8) allows for the fitting of a parabolic equation (i.e., the second type of equation) to characterize the trajectory of the drill rod moving along a parabola within the historical borehole. M is the endpoint position of this second type of equation.

[0107] Following the previous example, see Figure 6 As shown, there is a relationship between coordinate system xyz and coordinate system XYZ. Therefore, the coordinates M(x) can be... M ,y M Transform into coordinates M(X) in the XYZ coordinate system. M1 ,Y M1 Z M1 ), then M(X M1 ,Y M1 Z M1 ), rock strata dip angle α B , azimuth of rock strata Substitute into (3.4.9) to solve for the equation of the rock strata contact surface (i.e., the third type of equation); and then calculate the drill pipe azimuth angle. Rock strata dip angle α B Stratigraphic dip azimuth Substitute into (3.4.12) and determine BB and CC based on the results obtained from the substitution. Then, substitute BB and CC into (3.4.13) to solve for the equation of the intersection line between the rock strata contact surface and the borehole profile (i.e., the fourth type of equation); and set the drill pipe inclination angle α. A The drill pipe azimuth angle is Rock strata dip angle α B , azimuth of rock strata Substituting into (3.4.14), we can solve for the coordinates M(x) of the intersection point between the rock stratum contact surface and the borehole profile and the parabola. M2 ,y M2 ), coordinates M(x M2 ,y M2 The corresponding position within the historical borehole is the third position; establish a position like this at point M. Figure 9 The coordinate system x″My″ is shown. Within this coordinate system, the coordinates of the three consecutive real-time drill bit positions after M are obtained sequentially in ascending time order: (x1″, y1″), (x2″, y2″), and (x3″, y3″). The calculations are then performed. It then determines whether k″ has changed significantly. If k″ has not changed significantly, the real-time position of the drill bit at the moment when k″ has not changed significantly is determined as the fourth position. If k″ has changed significantly, the real-time position of the drill bit at the moment when k″ changes significantly is determined as a point on the next stratum interface (i.e., the next stratum boundary point), and the coordinates of this stratum boundary point in the xOy coordinate system are obtained. Then, it iterates through each fourth position to obtain the coordinates of each fourth position in the xOy coordinate system and the real-time drill bit speed corresponding to each fourth position, and sequentially sets the drill rod inclination angle α... A Substituting the real-time drill bit velocity v corresponding to each fourth position into (3.4.19) allows us to fit a parabolic equation (i.e., the fifth type of equation) to characterize the trajectory of the drill rod moving along a parabola within the historical borehole. M is the starting position of this fifth type of equation.

[0108] By analogy, multiple strata boundary points can be determined, and all second-type equations and all fifth-type equations can be iterated based on all strata boundary points to characterize the entire trajectory of the drill pipe moving along a parabola within the historical borehole.

[0109] As one possible implementation, the preset drill rod parameters may include preset drill rod inclination angle, preset drill rod azimuth angle, and preset total drill rod length; based on this, the above step S104 (i.e., determining the drilling endpoint of the borehole to be predicted based on multiple prediction equations and the preset drill rod parameters of the borehole to be predicted) may include: determining the drilling endpoint based on the first type of equation, the second type of equation, the third type of equation, and the preset drill rod parameters.

[0110] After obtaining all equations of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth types, the drilling endpoint can be determined by following these steps:

[0111] Step 1: Substitute the preset drill pipe inclination angle into the first type of equation to determine the corresponding first straight line equation, calculate the coordinates of the endpoint of the first straight line equation, and calculate the length of the first straight line equation based on the coordinates of the endpoint of the first straight line equation.

[0112] In step 1 above, due to the lcosα mentioned above... A Since the x-coordinate of the endpoint of the first straight line equation is a constant, the y-coordinate of the endpoint of the first straight line equation can be obtained by substituting the preset drill pipe inclination angle into the first type of equation; then, the coordinates of the endpoint of the first straight line equation can be substituted into... Calculate the length of the equation of the first straight line.

[0113] Step 2: Substitute the preset drill pipe inclination angle into the corresponding second type of equation to determine the corresponding parabolic equation.

[0114] In step 2 above, the coordinates of the starting point of the parabola equation are the coordinates of the ending point of the first straight line equation in step 1 above.

[0115] Step 3: Substitute the preset drill pipe azimuth angle, the current rock stratum dip angle, and the rock stratum dip direction azimuth angle into the corresponding fourth type of equation to determine the corresponding second straight line equation.

[0116] Step 4: Solve the equations of the parabola in Step 2 and the second straight line in Step 3 to find the coordinates of the current rock stratum boundary point.

[0117] In this context, the coordinates of the rock strata boundary point in step 4 above are the coordinates of the endpoint of the parabola equation in step 2 above.

[0118] Step 5: Substitute the preset drill pipe inclination angle and preset drill pipe azimuth angle into the corresponding fifth type of equation to determine the corresponding parabolic equation.

[0119] In step 5 above, the coordinates of the starting point of the parabola equation are the coordinates of the rock strata boundary point in step 4 above.

[0120] Step 6: Iterate through steps 3 to 5 to obtain the parabolic equations for each segment of the borehole to be predicted and the coordinates of the rock layer boundary points for each rock layer.

[0121] Step 7: Calculate the length of each segment of the parabolic equation based on the coordinates of the endpoint of the first straight line equation and the coordinates of the boundary points of each rock layer. Finally, use the total length of the drill rod as the total length constraint of the first straight line equation and all parabolic equations to calculate the endpoint of the borehole to be predicted.

[0122] As one possible implementation, step S106 (i.e., determining the borehole deviation rate based on the borehole endpoint and preset drill rod parameters) may include:

[0123] (21) Determine the deviation distance of the borehole to be predicted based on the borehole endpoint and the preset drill rod inclination angle.

[0124] See Figure 10 As shown, Figure 10 The straight line and irregular curve represent the designed borehole and the actual borehole (i.e., the borehole to be predicted), respectively. The coordinates of the borehole endpoint in the xIy coordinate system are (x1, y1). The actual borehole is represented by the straight line equation y = tan(α) in the xOy coordinate system. A )x represents, α A Given the drill pipe inclination angle, the deviation distance between the actual drilled hole and the designed drilled hole can be calculated using the following formula:

[0125]

[0126] Where d represents the skew distance (that is, the distance from the end of the borehole to the designed borehole).

[0127] (22) Determine the borehole deviation rate of the borehole to be predicted based on the borehole endpoint and deviation distance.

[0128] Continuing from the previous example, after obtaining (x1, y1) and d, the borehole deviation rate can be calculated using the following formula:

[0129]

[0130] Where δ is the borehole deviation rate.

[0131] Based on the above-described borehole deviation prediction method, this invention also provides a borehole deviation prediction device, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 11 As shown, the device may include the following modules:

[0132] A module 1102 is established to acquire historical drilling data and establish multiple prediction equations based on the historical drilling data; wherein, the historical drilling data includes historical drill rod parameters, rock formation parameters and real-time parameters of historical boreholes.

[0133] The first determining module 1104 is used to determine the drilling endpoint of the borehole to be predicted based on the multiple prediction equations and the preset drill rod parameters of the borehole to be predicted.

[0134] The second determining module 1106 is used to determine the borehole deviation rate of the borehole to be predicted based on the borehole endpoint and the preset drill rod parameters.

[0135] This invention provides a borehole deviation prediction device that acquires historical drilling data and establishes multiple prediction equations based on this data. The historical drilling data includes historical drill rod parameters, strata parameters, and real-time parameters for historical boreholes. Based on the multiple prediction equations and preset drill rod parameters for the borehole to be predicted, the drilling endpoint of the borehole is determined. Based on the borehole endpoint and the preset drill rod parameters, the borehole deviation rate is determined. Using this technology, the borehole deviation rate can be predicted in real time according to the prediction equations. This allows relevant personnel to adjust the drilling work of the borehole according to the predicted deviation rate, thereby providing a strong guarantee that the borehole meets design specifications and helping to reduce costs and increase efficiency in drilling operations.

[0136] The aforementioned prediction equations may include a first type of equation characterizing the linear motion of the drill pipe within the rock strata, a second type of equation characterizing the parabolic motion of the drill pipe before it passes through the rock strata contact surface, a third type of equation characterizing the rock strata contact surface, a fourth type of equation characterizing the intersection of the rock strata contact surface and the borehole profile, and a fifth type of equation characterizing the parabolic motion of the drill pipe after it passes through the rock strata contact surface.

[0137] The aforementioned preset drill rod parameters include preset drill rod inclination angle, preset drill rod azimuth angle, and preset total drill rod length; based on this, the aforementioned first determining module 1104 can also be used to: determine the borehole endpoint based on the first type of equation, the second type of equation, the third type of equation, and the preset drill rod parameters.

[0138] The aforementioned historical drill pipe parameters may include historical drill pipe inclination angle and historical drill pipe azimuth angle; the aforementioned real-time parameters may include real-time drill bit position and real-time drill bit speed corresponding to multiple moments; the aforementioned stratum parameters may include stratum dip angle and stratum dip azimuth angle. Based on this, the aforementioned establishment module 1102 can also be used to: establish the first type of equation and the second type of equation based on the historical drill pipe parameters and the real-time parameters; wherein, the endpoint position of the first type of equation is the same as the starting position of the second type of equation; and establish the third type of equation, the fourth type of equation, and the fifth type of equation based on the second type of equation, the historical drill pipe parameters, the real-time parameters, and the stratum parameters.

[0139] The aforementioned module 1102 can also be used to: determine a first position based on the historical drill pipe inclination angle and the real-time positions of all drill bits, and traverse all first positions to generate the first type of equation; determine a second position based on the endpoint position of the first type of equation, the historical drill pipe inclination angle, the real-time speed of all drill bits, and the real-time positions of all drill bits, and traverse all second positions to generate the second type of equation.

[0140] The aforementioned module 1102 can also be used to: establish the third type of equation based on the endpoint position of the second type of equation, the dip angle of the rock stratum, and the azimuth angle of the rock stratum; determine the fourth type of equation based on the drill pipe azimuth angle and the third type of equation; determine the third position based on the second type of equation and the fourth type of equation; determine the fourth position based on the third position, the second type of equation, the fourth type of equation, and the real-time positions of all drill bits, and traverse all fourth positions to generate the fifth type of equation.

[0141] The second determining module 1106 described above can also be used to: determine the deviation distance of the borehole to be predicted based on the borehole endpoint and the drill rod inclination angle; and determine the borehole deviation rate of the borehole to be predicted based on the borehole endpoint and the deviation distance.

[0142] The borehole deviation prediction device provided in this embodiment of the invention has the same implementation principle and technical effect as the aforementioned borehole deviation prediction method embodiment. For the sake of brevity, any parts not mentioned in the device embodiment can be referred to the corresponding content in the aforementioned method embodiment.

[0143] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative steps, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention.

[0144] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a processor-executable, non-volatile, computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, essentially, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0145] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0146] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit it. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for predicting borehole deviation, characterized in that, The method includes: Historical drilling data is acquired, and multiple prediction equations are established based on the historical drilling data. The historical drilling data includes historical drill rod inclination angle, historical drill rod azimuth angle, rock stratum parameters, and real-time parameters of historical boreholes. The multiple prediction equations include a first type of equation characterizing the linear motion of the drill rod within the rock stratum, a second type of equation characterizing the parabolic motion of the drill rod before it passes through the rock stratum contact surface, a third type of equation characterizing the rock stratum contact surface, a fourth type of equation characterizing the intersection of the rock stratum contact surface and the borehole profile, and a fifth type of equation characterizing the parabolic motion of the drill rod after it passes through the rock stratum contact surface. Based on the first type of equation, the second type of equation, the third type of equation, and the preset drill rod parameters of the borehole to be predicted, the borehole endpoint of the borehole to be predicted is determined; wherein, the preset drill rod parameters include the preset drill rod inclination angle, the preset drill rod azimuth angle, and the preset total length of the drill rod; Based on the borehole endpoint and the preset drill rod inclination angle, the deviation distance of the borehole to be predicted is calculated using the following formula: ,in, Indicates the skew distance. The drill pipe inclination angle corresponds to the end point of the borehole in the coordinate system. The coordinates below are ; Based on the borehole endpoint and the deviation distance, the borehole deviation rate of the borehole to be predicted is calculated using the following formula: ,in, This refers to the borehole deviation rate; The step of determining the drilling endpoint of the borehole to be predicted based on the first type of equation, the second type of equation, the third type of equation, and the preset drill rod parameters of the borehole to be predicted includes: Step 1: Substitute the preset drill pipe inclination angle into the first type of equation to determine the corresponding first straight line equation, calculate the coordinates of the endpoint of the first straight line equation, and calculate the length of the first straight line equation based on the coordinates of the endpoint of the first straight line equation. Step 2: Substitute the preset drill pipe inclination angle into the corresponding second type of equation to determine the corresponding parabola equation; wherein, the starting position coordinates of the parabola equation in Step 2 are the ending position coordinates of the first straight line equation in Step 1. Step 3: Substitute the preset drill pipe azimuth angle, the current rock stratum dip angle, and the rock stratum dip direction azimuth angle into the corresponding fourth type of equation to determine the corresponding second straight line equation; Step 4: Solve the equations of the parabola in Step 2 and the second straight line in Step 3 to find the coordinates of the current rock stratum boundary point; where the coordinates of the rock stratum boundary point in Step 4 are the coordinates of the endpoint of the parabola equation in Step 2. Step 5: Substitute the preset drill pipe inclination angle and preset drill pipe azimuth angle into the corresponding fifth type of equation to determine the corresponding parabolic equation; wherein, the starting position coordinates of the parabolic equation in Step 5 are the position coordinates of the rock layer boundary point in Step 4. Step 6: Iterate through steps 3 to 5 to obtain the parabolic equations for each segment of the borehole to be predicted and the coordinates of the rock layer boundary points for each rock layer. Step 7: Calculate the length of each segment of the parabolic equation based on the coordinates of the endpoint of the first straight line equation and the coordinates of the boundary points of each rock layer. Use the total length of the drill rod as a constraint on the total length of the first straight line equation and all parabolic equations to calculate the endpoint of the borehole to be predicted.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The real-time parameters include the real-time position and speed of the drill bit at multiple times, and the rock layer parameters include the rock layer dip angle and the rock layer dip azimuth angle. The steps for establishing multiple prediction equations based on the historical drilling data include: Based on the historical drill pipe parameters and the real-time parameters, the first type of equation and the second type of equation are established; wherein, the endpoint position of the first type of equation is the same as the starting position of the second type of equation; Based on the second type of equation, the historical drill pipe parameters, the real-time parameters, and the rock strata parameters, the third type of equation, the fourth type of equation, and the fifth type of equation are established.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steps for establishing the first type of equation and the second type of equation based on the historical drill pipe parameters and the real-time parameters include: Based on the historical drill pipe inclination angle and the real-time positions of all drill bits, a first position is determined, and all first positions are traversed to generate the first type of equation; Based on the endpoint position of the first type of equation, the historical drill pipe inclination angle, the real-time speed of all drill bits, and the real-time position of all drill bits, the second position is determined, and all second positions are traversed to generate the second type of equation.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steps for establishing the third, fourth, and fifth types of equations based on the second type of equation, the historical drill pipe parameters, the real-time parameters, and the rock formation parameters include: Based on the endpoint of the second type of equation, the dip angle of the rock stratum, and the azimuth angle of the rock stratum dip direction, the third type of equation is established; Based on the drill pipe azimuth angle and the third type of equation, the fourth type of equation is determined; Based on the second type of equation and the fourth type of equation, the third position is determined; Based on the third position, the second type of equation, the fourth type of equation, and all real-time positions of the drill bit, the fourth position is determined, and all fourth positions are traversed to generate the fifth type of equation.

5. A device for predicting borehole deviation, characterized in that, The device includes: A module is established to acquire historical drilling data and build multiple prediction equations based on the historical drilling data. The historical drilling data includes historical drill rod inclination angle, historical drill rod azimuth angle, rock stratum parameters, and real-time parameters of historical boreholes. The multiple prediction equations include a first type of equation characterizing the linear motion of the drill rod within the rock stratum, a second type of equation characterizing the parabolic motion of the drill rod before it passes through the rock stratum contact surface, a third type of equation characterizing the rock stratum contact surface, a fourth type of equation characterizing the intersection of the rock stratum contact surface and the borehole profile, and a fifth type of equation characterizing the parabolic motion of the drill rod after it passes through the rock stratum contact surface. The first determining module is used to determine the drilling endpoint of the borehole to be predicted based on the first type of equation, the second type of equation, the third type of equation, and the preset drill rod parameters of the borehole to be predicted; wherein, the preset drill rod parameters include the preset drill rod inclination angle, the preset drill rod azimuth angle, and the preset total length of the drill rod; The second determining module is used to: calculate the deviation distance of the borehole to be predicted using the following formula based on the borehole endpoint and the preset drill rod inclination angle: ,in, Indicates the skew distance. The drill pipe inclination angle corresponds to the end point of the borehole in the coordinate system. The coordinates below are Based on the borehole endpoint and the deviation distance, the borehole deviation rate of the borehole to be predicted is calculated using the following formula: ,in, This refers to the borehole deviation rate; The step of determining the drilling endpoint of the borehole to be predicted based on the first type of equation, the second type of equation, the third type of equation, and the preset drill rod parameters of the borehole to be predicted includes: Step 1: Substitute the preset drill pipe inclination angle into the first type of equation to determine the corresponding first straight line equation, calculate the coordinates of the endpoint of the first straight line equation, and calculate the length of the first straight line equation based on the coordinates of the endpoint of the first straight line equation. Step 2: Substitute the preset drill pipe inclination angle into the corresponding second type of equation to determine the corresponding parabola equation; wherein, the starting position coordinates of the parabola equation in Step 2 are the ending position coordinates of the first straight line equation in Step 1. Step 3: Substitute the preset drill pipe azimuth angle, the current rock stratum dip angle, and the rock stratum dip direction azimuth angle into the corresponding fourth type of equation to determine the corresponding second straight line equation; Step 4: Solve the equations of the parabola in Step 2 and the second straight line in Step 3 to find the coordinates of the current rock stratum boundary point; where the coordinates of the rock stratum boundary point in Step 4 are the coordinates of the endpoint of the parabola equation in Step 2. Step 5: Substitute the preset drill pipe inclination angle and preset drill pipe azimuth angle into the corresponding fifth type of equation to determine the corresponding parabolic equation; wherein, the starting position coordinates of the parabolic equation in Step 5 are the position coordinates of the rock layer boundary point in Step 4. Step 6: Iterate through steps 3 to 5 to obtain the parabolic equations for each segment of the borehole to be predicted and the coordinates of the rock layer boundary points for each rock layer. Step 7: Calculate the length of each segment of the parabolic equation based on the coordinates of the endpoint of the first straight line equation and the coordinates of the boundary points of each rock layer. Use the total length of the drill rod as a constraint on the total length of the first straight line equation and all parabolic equations to calculate the endpoint of the borehole to be predicted.

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