Shaft sinking machine and method of construction thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a shaft tunneling machine and a construction method thereof. The shaft tunneling machine comprises a tunneling host connected with a ring supporting shoe device through a stepping device, the ring supporting shoe device is connected with the tunneling host through a supporting shield body, the supporting shield body is connected with a fixed part of a ring rotary drive of the tunneling host through an extension device, a rotary part of the ring rotary drive is connected with an oscillatable cutting device, the cutting device is used for excavation, different diameters of excavation can be realized by controlling oscillation of the cutting device and extension stroke of the ring supporting shoe device, and the reconstruction of the tunneling host can be completed by replacing the supporting shield body when the diameter is changed. The stepping device is arranged between the ring supporting shoe device and the supporting shield body, and the extension device is arranged between the supporting shield body and the tunneling host, so that the extension stroke of the cutting device can be effectively enlarged, frequent descending of the whole shaft tunneling machine is avoided, the tunneling efficiency is improved, and the disturbance of frequent stepping to the soil body of a hole wall is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground space excavation equipment technology, and in particular to a shaft tunneling machine and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] With the popularization and development of mechanized shaft construction, shaft tunneling machines (MTMs) have been gradually developed and applied. The deeper the shaft, the more significant the advantages of MTMs in terms of progress and safety compared to traditional drill-and-blast methods. However, current MTMs largely follow the design concept of tunnel boring machines (TBMs), employing a full-face cutterhead for excavation. Once the excavation diameter is determined, it cannot be adjusted, resulting in a complex overall equipment configuration. Later modifications for shafts of different diameters are difficult and costly. In actual shaft projects, some shafts have relatively low rock hardness, generally below 80 MPa, and the shaft diameter is not uniform. Using full-face MTMs is not advantageous in these situations, leading to high construction costs. Therefore, economical, efficient shaft tunneling equipment with easily adjustable excavation diameters is the preferred choice for construction companies.

[0003] Existing shaft construction equipment includes: Chinese invention patent CN 111852481A, published on October 30, 2020, which discloses a shaft construction method and a tunneling machine; and Chinese utility model patent CN 209483346 U, published on October 11, 2019, which discloses a caisson method shaft tunneling machine. These types of equipment have the following shortcomings: First, they have low tunneling efficiency and low energy efficiency. The rotary platform directly advances downwards via the propulsion device, which not only results in low tunneling efficiency due to frequent steps, but also requires the propulsion device to move the entire rotary platform and excavation device up and down during tunneling and muck removal, thus reducing efficiency. Second, they have low muck removal efficiency. If a pilot tunnel is used for muck removal, it is necessary not only to excavate a pilot tunnel but also to remove the muck through a muck removal device in a horizontal tunnel. If a grab bucket muck removal system is used, the vertical stroke of the grab bucket increases with the depth of the shaft, extending the muck removal operation time. At the same time, the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder is required to make way for the excavation device. Therefore, not only is the muck removal efficiency low, but the downtime of the excavation device also increases, thus prolonging the entire construction schedule.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a tunneling machine and tunneling method that is highly efficient, energy-efficient, and widely applicable. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings in the aforementioned background technology, this invention proposes a vertical shaft tunneling machine and its construction method, which solves the technical problem of low construction efficiency of existing tunneling machines.

[0006] The technical solution of this application is as follows:

[0007] A shaft tunneling machine includes a main tunneling unit connected to a ring-shaped support shoe device via a stepping device. The ring-shaped support shoe device is connected to the main tunneling unit via a support shield. The support shield is connected to the fixed part of the ring-shaped rotary drive of the main tunneling unit via a telescopic device. The rotating part of the ring-shaped rotary drive is connected to a swingable cutting device. Excavation is carried out using the cutting device. By controlling the swing of the cutting device and the telescopic stroke of the ring-shaped support shoe device, excavation of different diameters can be achieved. When changing the diameter, the main tunneling unit can be modified by replacing the support shield. This technical solution not only sets a stepping device between the ring-shaped support shoe device and the support shield, but also sets a telescopic device between the support shield and the main tunneling unit. This can effectively expand the stepping stroke of the cutting device, avoid frequent lowering of the entire tunneling machine, improve tunneling efficiency, and effectively reduce the disturbance of the tunnel wall soil caused by frequent stepping.

[0008] Furthermore, the supporting shield is equipped with radially telescopic support shoes and axially extending sliding limit rails, and the fixed part of the annular rotary drive slides in cooperation with the sliding limit rails. Based on the above technical solution, this technical solution adds a guiding mechanism, that is, through the circumferential limiting and axial guiding of the sliding limit rails and the fixed part of the annular rotary drive, the axial extension and retraction of the tunneling host are smoother, and the circumferential positioning is more stable. The structural form of the sliding limit rails can be reasonably set to various shapes, such as a sliding limit rail as a groove structure and the fixed part of the annular rotary drive as a protrusion structure, or a sliding limit rail as a convex strip structure and the fixed part of the annular rotary drive as a groove structure. The groove structure can be a rectangular groove and the protrusion structure a rectangular block, or the groove structure can be a dovetail groove and the protrusion structure a dovetail slider.

[0009] Furthermore, several sliding limit rails are provided, and each sliding limit rail is equiangularly distributed along the circumferential direction of the supporting shield. Based on the above technical solution, this technical solution provides an optimal number and arrangement of guiding mechanisms to fully ensure the reliability of the tunneling host's axial movement and circumferential positioning relative to the supporting shield.

[0010] Furthermore, the supporting shield is provided with a plurality of radially telescopic supporting shoes, and a plurality of groups of supporting shoes are spaced apart along the axial direction of the supporting shield. Each group of supporting shoes includes a plurality of supporting shoes equidistantly distributed along the circumferential direction of the supporting shield. Based on the above technical solution, this technical solution provides a preferred structural form of the supporting shield, which fully ensures the stability of the supporting shield relative to the tunnel wall and the reliability of its support to the tunnel wall through the axially and circumferentially arranged supporting shoes.

[0011] Furthermore, the stepping device includes several stepping cylinders hinged between the annular support shoe device and the supporting shield, with several sets of stepping cylinders spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the supporting shield. Based on the above technical solution, this technical solution provides a preferred structural form of the stepping device, namely, the relative displacement between the annular support shoe device and the supporting shield is more reliable and precise through the stepping cylinders and their circumferential arrangement.

[0012] Furthermore, each set of stepping cylinders is equidistantly distributed along the circumferential direction of the supporting shield, and each stepping cylinder is inclined relative to the axis of the supporting shield, making the axial force transmission between the annular support shoe device and the supporting shield more reliable, and giving the supporting shield a tendency to tighten outwards during descent.

[0013] Furthermore, the annular support shoe device is connected to the rear support of the hoisting platform via a first linear telescopic device, or the annular support shoe device and the rear support of the hoisting platform are not structurally connected, and the rear support of the hoisting platform is connected to the ground device via a second linear telescopic device. That is, the tunneling machine and the rear support of the hoisting platform can also be designed separately, with no structural connection between them, but there is a risk of overall slippage during tunneling and step changing.

[0014] Furthermore, the first and second linear telescopic devices are rigid telescopic devices or wire rope suspension devices. That is, a rigid structure can also be used to connect the tunneling machine and the rear support of the hoisting platform; however, a flexible connection in the form of wire rope is preferred to reduce the impact of the annular support shoe device on the entire equipment when tightening the well wall or adjusting the attitude of the tunneling machine. The use of wire rope can play a role in buffering and releasing.

[0015] Furthermore, the side blocks that are attached to the rear of the hoisting platform are detachably connected to the main block. The rear of the hoisting platform is equipped with auxiliary facilities such as electrical devices, hydraulic devices, and fluid devices used by the tunneling host. By changing the side blocks, it can adapt to shaft projects of different diameters.

[0016] Furthermore, a grab bucket corresponding to the inner hole of the annular rotary drive is connected to the rear of the hoisting platform. A movable material distribution device is provided on the annular support shoe device, and a chute is provided on the material distribution device. A bucket is provided in cooperation with the chute. Based on the above technical solution, this technical solution provides a preferred muck removal structure for a tunneling machine, namely, the grab bucket is set on the rear of the hoisting platform, and the grab bucket only moves up and down between the annular support shoe device and the bottom of the shaft, which greatly shortens the waiting time of the tunneling machine. The muck grabbed by the grab bucket can flow directly into the bucket through the chute of the material distribution device. The bucket and the grab bucket move synchronously, which can effectively improve the muck removal efficiency and tunneling efficiency.

[0017] Furthermore, the material distribution device includes a support connected to a third linear telescopic device. The top of the support is hinged to the chute, and a fourth linear telescopic device is hinged between the chute and the support. Hoists are installed on both sides of the material distribution device in the translational direction. A grab bucket is installed on the lowest platform behind the hoisting platform. The grab bucket rotates in a circular motion, driving the central cavity into the excavation face to grab the cuttings. The rock cuttings are then loaded into the chute on the material distribution device, flowing along the chute into the hoisting bucket, and then transported out of the well by the hoisting bucket. During the up-and-down movement of the grab bucket, the material distribution device can drive the support through the third linear telescopic device. Rollers at the bottom of the support improve mobility and free up operating space for the grab bucket. When the grab bucket is ready to release cuttings, the material distribution device moves below the grab bucket, and the fourth linear telescopic device is adjusted to change the angle of the chute, allowing the rock cuttings released by the grab bucket to be loaded into the hoisting bucket along the chute. The hoists on both sides of the chute are used alternately, further improving the cuttings removal efficiency.

[0018] Furthermore, the cutting device includes a cutting arm connected to the rotating part of the annular rotary drive, a cutting drive is provided inside the cutting arm, a cutting head is connected to the cutting drive, and a fifth linear telescopic device is hinged between the cutting arm and the rotating part of the annular rotary drive.

[0019] A method for constructing a vertical shaft tunneling machine, using the aforementioned tunneling machine, includes the following steps:

[0020] S1: Install the tunneling main unit 1 and the rear support 2 of the hoisting platform. Connect the first linear expansion joint 3 between the tunneling main unit 1 and the rear support 2 of the hoisting platform. Connect the second linear expansion joint 5 between the rear support 2 of the hoisting platform and the ground device 4.

[0021] S2: The stepping device 107 is fully retracted, the telescopic device 105 is activated so that the annular rotary drive 103 is located on top of the supporting shield 102, and the annular support shoe device 104 extends to support the well wall.

[0022] S3: The support boot 102-1 on the circumference of the support shield 102 extends and tightens the well wall.

[0023] S4: Control the rotation speed of the cutting drive 101-1, control the action of the telescopic device 105 to bury the cutting head 101-2 at a certain depth in the bottom of the well, control the extension amount of the fifth linear telescopic device 109 and the circumferential rotation speed of the annular rotary drive 103, so that the cutting head 101-2 runs to cover the entire tunneling section and completes the interlayer excavation. During this period, the grab bucket 201 performs slag grabbing operations.

[0024] S5: Repeat step S4 until the travel of the telescopic device 105 is fully used, and then reset the telescopic device 105.

[0025] S6: The support shoe 102-1 on the circumference of the support shield 102 retracts and detaches from the well wall.

[0026] S7: The annular support shoe device 104 continues to support the well wall, and the stepping device 107 extends, so that the cutting arm 101, the support shield 102, and the annular rotary drive 103 are lowered as a whole, and the lowering distance is equal to the stroke of the telescopic device 105.

[0027] S8: Repeat steps S3-S7.

[0028] S9: The annular support shoe device 104 retracts away from the well wall. The ground suspension device 4 lowers the entire downhole equipment by the second linear telescopic device 5 by the travel distance of one telescopic device 105. The support shoe 102-1 on the circumference of the support shield 102 then tightens the well wall. Then the stepping device 107 retracts, and the second linear telescopic device 5 continues to lower by the travel distance of one stepping device 107.

[0029] S10: After the stepping device 107 is retracted, the annular support shoe device 104 extends and supports the well wall.

[0030] S11: Repeat steps S2-S10 to complete the excavation and muck removal operation of the vertical shaft. The tunneling machine provided in this technical solution...

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention not only sets up a stepping device between the annular support shoe device 104 and the support shield 102, but also sets up a telescopic device 105 between the support shield 102 and the tunneling machine 1. This can effectively expand the stepping stroke of the cutting device, avoid frequent lowering of the entire tunneling machine, and improve tunneling efficiency while effectively reducing the disturbance to the tunnel wall soil caused by frequent stepping. The present invention also has the following technical effects:

[0032] (1) The cutting head is used for excavation, replacing the bulky full-section cutterhead design, which satisfies the rock breaking function while making the overall structure simpler;

[0033] (2) The equipment is flexible in construction and the whole machine is easy to modify and adjust when it is used for construction of vertical shafts of different diameters;

[0034] (3) The tunneling host and the rear support of the hoisting platform are connected by a steel wire rope, which serves as a suspension rope and also as a safety rope for the tunneling host. The steel wire rope can offset the influence of the tunneling host on the rear support of the hoisting platform, and the equipment posture can be adjusted flexibly.

[0035] (4) Lightweight overall, with flexible and efficient slag removal;

[0036] (5) It can reduce the number of times the wire rope is lowered by the ground suspension device and improve construction efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of the image;

[0040] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Top view of the central ring rotary drive and support shield;

[0041] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of the intermediate material separation device.

[0042] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0043] Tunneling machine 1;

[0044] Cutting arm 101, cutting drive 101-1, cutting head 101-2;

[0045] Support shield 102, support shoe 102-1, annular rotary drive 103, annular support shoe device 104, telescopic device 105, sliding limit track 106, stepping device 107.

[0046] Material distribution device 108, slag chute 108-1, fourth linear telescopic device 108-2, roller 108-3;

[0047] Fifth linear telescopic device 109;

[0048] First linear telescopic device 3, ground device 4, second linear telescopic device 5, bucket 6. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] A type of shaft boring machine, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the tunneling machine 1 includes a stepping device 107 connected to an annular support shoe device 104. The annular support shoe device 104 is connected to the tunneling machine 1 via a support shield 102. The support shield 102 is connected to the fixed part of the annular rotary drive 103 of the tunneling machine 1 via a telescopic device 105. The telescopic device 105 is preferably a hydraulic cylinder, but other telescopic devices can also be used, such as an electric telescopic cylinder that meets the load requirements, a gear and rack transmission telescopic device, etc.

[0051] The rotating part of the annular rotary drive 103 is connected to a swingable cutting device. The cutting device is used for excavation. By controlling the swing of the cutting device and the extension and retraction of the annular support shoe device 104, excavation of different diameters can be achieved. When changing the diameter, the support shield 102 can be replaced to complete the modification of the tunneling host 1.

[0052] This technical solution not only sets up a stepping device between the annular support shoe device 104 and the support shield 102, but also sets up a telescopic device 105 between the support shield 102 and the tunneling host 1. This can effectively expand the stepping stroke of the cutting device, avoid frequent downward movement of the entire tunneling machine, improve tunneling efficiency, and effectively reduce the disturbance of the tunnel wall soil caused by frequent stepping.

[0053] Based on the above embodiments, as a preferred embodiment, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the support shield 102 is provided with a radially telescopic support shoe 102-1 and an axially extending sliding limit track 106, and the fixed part of the annular rotary drive 103 is slidably engaged with the sliding limit track 106.

[0054] Based on the above technical solution, this technical solution adds a guiding mechanism, that is, through the circumferential limiting rail 106 and the fixed part of the annular rotary drive 103, the axial extension and retraction of the tunneling host 1 is smoother and the circumferential positioning is more stable.

[0055] The structure of the sliding limit track 106 can be reasonably set to various shapes, such as a groove structure for the sliding limit track 106 and a protrusion structure for the fixing part of the annular rotary drive 103, or a convex strip structure for the sliding limit track 106 and a groove structure for the fixing part of the annular rotary drive 103. The groove structure can be a rectangular groove and the protrusion structure can be a rectangular block, or the groove structure can be a dovetail groove and the protrusion structure can be a dovetail slider.

[0056] Based on the above embodiments, as a preferred embodiment, such as... Figure 3As shown, several sliding limit rails 106 are provided, and each sliding limit rail 106 is equidistantly distributed along the circumferential direction of the supporting shield 102. Based on the above technical solution, this technical solution provides an optimal number and arrangement of guiding mechanisms to fully ensure the reliability of the tunneling host 1's axial movement and circumferential positioning relative to the supporting shield 102.

[0057] Based on the above embodiments, as a preferred embodiment, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the supporting shield 102 is provided with a plurality of radially telescopic supporting boots 102-1, and a plurality of sets of supporting boots 102-1 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the supporting shield 102. Each set of supporting boots 102-1 includes a plurality of supporting boots 102-1 equidistantly distributed along the circumferential direction of the supporting shield 102. Based on the above technical solution, this technical solution provides a preferred structural form of the supporting shield 102, which fully ensures the stability of the supporting shield 102 relative to the tunnel wall and the reliability of its support to the tunnel wall through the axially and circumferentially arranged supporting boots 102-1.

[0058] Based on the above embodiments, as a preferred embodiment, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the stepping device 107 includes a plurality of stepping cylinders hinged between the annular support shoe device 104 and the supporting shield 102, and a plurality of sets of stepping cylinders are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the supporting shield 102. Based on the above technical solution, this technical solution provides a preferred structural form of the stepping device 107, that is, the relative displacement between the annular support shoe device 104 and the supporting shield 102 is more reliable and accurate through the stepping cylinders and their circumferential arrangement.

[0059] Based on the above embodiments, as a preferred embodiment, such as... Figure 3 As shown, each set of stepping cylinders is equiangularly distributed along the circumferential direction of the supporting shield 102, and each stepping cylinder is inclined relative to the axis of the supporting shield 102, so that the axial force transmission between the annular support shoe device 104 and the supporting shield 102 is more reliable, and the supporting shield 102 has a tendency to move outward and tighten during the descent.

[0060] Based on the above embodiments, as a preferred embodiment, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the annular support shoe device 104 is connected to the rear support 2 of the hoisting platform via the first linear telescopic device 3, or the annular support shoe device 104 and the rear support 2 of the hoisting platform have no structural connection, and the rear support 2 of the hoisting platform is connected to the ground device 4 via the second linear telescopic device 5. That is, the tunneling host 1 and the rear support 2 of the hoisting platform can also be designed separately, with no structural connection between them, but there is a risk of overall slippage during tunneling and step changing.

[0061] Based on the above embodiments, as a preferred embodiment, the first linear telescopic device 3 and the second linear telescopic device 5 are rigid telescopic devices or wire rope suspension devices. That is, a rigid structure can also be used to connect the tunneling host 1 and the rear support 2 of the hoisting platform; however, a flexible connection in the form of wire rope is preferred to reduce the impact of the annular support shoe device 104 on the entire equipment when it is tightening the well wall or adjusting the posture of the tunneling host 1. The use of wire rope can play a role in buffering and releasing.

[0062] Based on the above implementation method, as a preferred implementation method, the side block of the rear supporting 2 of the hoisting platform is detachably connected to the main block. The rear supporting 2 of the hoisting platform is equipped with auxiliary facilities such as electrical devices, hydraulic devices, and fluid devices used by the tunneling host 1. By changing the side block, it can adapt to shaft projects of different diameters.

[0063] Based on the above embodiments, as a preferred embodiment, the rear of the hanging plate is connected to a grab bucket 201 that corresponds to the inner hole of the annular rotary drive 103. The annular support shoe device 104 is provided with a movable material distribution device 108. The material distribution device 108 is provided with a slag chute 108-1, and a hanging bucket 6 is provided in cooperation with the slag chute 108-1.

[0064] Based on the above technical solutions, this technical solution provides a preferred muck removal structure for a tunneling machine, namely, the grab bucket 201 is set on the rear supporting 2 of the hoisting platform. The grab bucket 201 only moves up and down between the annular support shoe device 104 and the bottom of the well, which greatly shortens the waiting time of the tunneling machine 1. The muck grabbed by the grab bucket 201 can flow directly into the hoisting bucket 6 through the chute 108-1 of the material distribution device 108. The hoisting bucket 6 and the grab bucket 201 move synchronously, which can effectively improve the muck removal efficiency and tunneling efficiency.

[0065] Based on the above embodiments, as a preferred embodiment, the material distribution device 108 includes a bracket connected to the third linear telescopic device, the top of the bracket is hinged to the slag chute 108-1, the slag chute 108-1 and the bracket are hinged to the fourth linear telescopic device 108-2, and the buckets 6 are provided on both sides of the material distribution device 108 in the translational direction.

[0066] Specifically, a grab bucket 201 is installed on the lowest platform behind the hoisting platform 2. The grab bucket 201 enters the excavation face along the central cavity of the annular rotary drive 103 to grab the cuttings. Then, the cuttings are loaded into the chute 108-1 on the distribution device 108. The cuttings flow into the bucket 6 along the chute 108-1 and are then transported out of the well by the bucket 6. During the up-and-down movement of the grab bucket 201, the distribution device 108 can drive the support through the third linear telescopic device. The rollers 108-3 at the bottom of the support can improve the ease of movement and thus make room for the grab bucket 201 to operate. When the grab bucket 201 is ready to discharge slag, the material distribution device 108 moves to the bottom of the grab bucket 201 and adjusts the fourth linear telescopic device 108-2 to change the angle of the slag chute 108-1, so that the rock slag discharged by the grab bucket 201 is loaded into the bucket 6 along the slag chute 108-1. The buckets 6 on both sides of the slag chute 108-1 are used in turn, which can further improve the slag discharge efficiency.

[0067] The fourth linear telescopic device 108-2 and the third linear telescopic device preferably use hydraulic cylinders, but other telescopic devices can also be used instead, such as electric telescopic cylinders that meet the load requirements, gear and rack transmission telescopic devices, etc.

[0068] Based on the above embodiments, as a preferred embodiment, the cutting device includes a cutting arm 101 connected to the rotating part of the annular rotary drive 103. A cutting drive 101-1 is disposed within the cutting arm 101, and a cutting head 101-2 is connected to the cutting drive 101-1. A fifth linear telescopic device 109 is hinged between the cutting arm 101 and the rotating part of the annular rotary drive 103. The fifth linear telescopic device 109 is preferably a hydraulic cylinder, but other telescopic devices can also be used, such as an electric telescopic cylinder that meets load requirements, a rack and pinion drive telescopic device, etc.

[0069] As a preferred embodiment of the tunneling machine in this invention, it includes a tunneling main unit and a rear support for the hoisting platform. The tunneling main unit and the rear support for the hoisting platform are connected by a steel wire rope. The rear support for the hoisting platform is also connected to the ground suspension device by a steel wire rope. That is, the entire underground equipment is connected to the ground suspension device by a steel wire rope.

[0070] The tunneling machine, from bottom to top, includes a cutting arm, a support shield, a ring-shaped rotary drive, and a ring-shaped support shoe device. The cutting arm houses a cutting drive that allows the cutting head, mounted at the front of the cutting arm, to rotate. The cutting arm is mounted on the ring-shaped rotary drive, and a swing cylinder connects the two. Under the action of the swing cylinder and the ring-shaped rotary drive, the cutting head excavates the entire cross-section.

[0071] The annular rotary drive has a hollow structure and is mounted on the support shield via a propulsion cylinder. The extension and retraction of the propulsion cylinder drives the annular rotary drive and the cutting arm to move up and down, thereby enabling the vertical shaft to advance in depth. Several support shoes are provided around the circumference of the support shield to stabilize the equipment's posture.

[0072] Several stepping cylinders connect the annular support shoe device and the supporting shield. During tunneling operations, the annular support shoe device and the support shoe tighten the well wall, and the cutting head performs excavation operations. The cutting depth of the cutting head is adjusted, and the cutting head begins to cut the entire cross-section. After the entire cross-section is cut, the propulsion cylinder retracts to an appropriate length, and the cutting head proceeds to cut the next layer of the cross-section until the propulsion cylinder has exhausted its stroke. Then, the propulsion cylinder is fully extended. Next, the support shoe on the supporting shield is retracted, the stepping cylinder extends, and the supporting shield, annular rotary drive, and cutting arm are lowered as a whole to perform the next cycle of cutting and excavation operations. After the cutting cycle is completed again, the annular support shoe device is retracted, and the steel wire rope is lowered through the ground suspension device. The lowering height of the underground equipment is equal to the excavation depth of the cutting head.

[0073] During the excavation of the cutting head, a grab bucket is designed on the lowest platform behind the hoisting plate located above the tunneling host. The grab bucket enters the excavation face along the middle of the rotary drive to grab the cuttings. Then, the cuttings are loaded into a bucket placed on the platform of the annular support shoe device, and the cuttings are transported out of the well through the bucket.

[0074] Specifically, such as Figures 1-4 As shown: It includes a tunneling main unit 1 and a rear support 2 for the hoisting platform. The tunneling main unit 1 and the rear support 2 for the hoisting platform are connected by a steel wire rope. The rear support 2 for the hoisting platform is connected to the ground suspension device 4 by a steel wire rope.

[0075] The tunneling machine 1, from bottom to top, includes a cutting arm 101, a supporting shield 102, a ring rotary drive 103, and a ring support shoe device 104. The cutting arm 101 is equipped with a cutting drive 101-1, which allows the cutting head 101-2, installed at the foremost end of the cutting arm 101, to rotate. The cutting arm 101 is mounted on the ring rotary drive 103, and a swing cylinder is connected between the two. Under the action of the swing cylinder and the ring rotary drive 103, the cutting head 101-2 can excavate the entire cross-section.

[0076] The annular rotary drive 103 has a hollow structure and is connected to the supporting shield 102 via a propulsion cylinder. A sliding limit rail 106 is also provided between the annular rotary drive 103 and the supporting shield 102. The extension and retraction of the propulsion cylinder drives the annular rotary drive 103 to move up and down along the sliding limit rail 106, thereby enabling the cutting head 101-2 to advance in the vertical shaft depth direction. Several support shoes 102-1 are provided on the circumference of the supporting shield 102 to stabilize the equipment posture during excavation by the cutting head 101-2.

[0077] The annular support shoe device 104 is located above the supporting shield 102, and several stepping cylinders are connected between the two. The stepping cylinders can effectively increase the tunneling stroke, reduce the number of times the wire ropes of the ground suspension device 4 are lowered, and improve construction efficiency.

[0078] The platform of the annular support shoe device 104 is also equipped with a movable material distribution device 108, which is equipped with a slag chute 108-1, an inclined oil cylinder and a roller 108-3.

[0079] The rear support platform 2 is equipped with auxiliary facilities such as electrical, hydraulic, and fluid systems for the tunneling main unit 1. A grab bucket 201 is designed on the lowest platform of the rear support platform 2. The grab bucket 201 enters the excavation face along the center of the annular rotary drive 103 to grab the cuttings, then loads the cuttings into the chute 108-1 on the distribution device 108. The cuttings flow along the chute 108-1 into the bucket 6, and are then transported out of the shaft via the bucket 6. During the up-and-down movement of the grab bucket 201, the distribution device 108 can move via rollers 108-3 to create operating space for the grab bucket 201. When the grab bucket 201 is ready to release cuttings, the distribution device 108 moves to the bottom of the grab bucket 201, and the tilting cylinder is adjusted to change the angle of the chute 108-1, so that the cuttings released by the grab bucket 201 are loaded into the bucket 6 along the chute 108-1.

[0080] The core content of this invention includes the following three points:

[0081] (1) This shaft tunneling machine consists of two parts: the tunneling main unit and the rear support of the hoisting platform. The tunneling main unit and the rear support of the hoisting platform are connected by steel wire rope. The rear support of the hoisting platform is also connected to the ground suspension device by steel wire rope. That is, the entire equipment is suspended by steel wire rope.

[0082] (2) The vertical shaft tunneling machine uses a grab bucket for slag removal. The grab bucket is installed on the rear of the hoisting platform. The grab bucket enters the excavation face from the middle of the tunneling machine to grab the slag. The rock slag is placed into the bucket by adjusting the position on the slag loading platform and then transported out of the shaft by the bucket.

[0083] (3) The tunneling machine is equipped with a ring-shaped support shoe device and a stepping cylinder. During operation, the ring-shaped support shoe device supports the well wall, and the cutting head performs excavation. After the cutting head has excavated one stroke, the ring-shaped support shoe device maintains its original posture, and the stepping cylinder extends downward. After the equipment is adjusted, the next cycle of excavation begins. When the stepping cylinder has used up all its strokes, the ground suspension rope is lowered, the equipment status is adjusted, the stepping cylinder is retracted, and the next cycle of operation begins, reducing the frequent lowering of the wire rope. The ring-shaped support shoe device increases the excavation depth at one time and improves construction efficiency. In addition, the wire rope between the tunneling machine and the rear support of the hoisting platform serves as both a suspension rope and a safety rope for the tunneling machine operation.

[0084] A method for constructing a vertical shaft tunneling machine, using the aforementioned vertical shaft tunneling machine, includes the following steps:

[0085] S1: Install the tunneling main unit 1 and the rear support 2 of the hoisting platform. Connect the first linear expansion joint 3 between the tunneling main unit 1 and the rear support 2 of the hoisting platform. Connect the second linear expansion joint 5 between the rear support 2 of the hoisting platform and the ground device 4.

[0086] S2: The stepping device 107 is fully retracted, the telescopic device 105 is activated so that the annular rotary drive 103 is located on top of the supporting shield 102, and the annular support shoe device 104 extends to support the well wall.

[0087] S3: The support boot 102-1 on the circumference of the support shield 102 extends and tightens the well wall.

[0088] S4: Control the rotation speed of the cutting drive 101-1, control the action of the telescopic device 105 to bury the cutting head 101-2 at a certain depth in the bottom of the well, control the extension amount of the fifth linear telescopic device 109 and the circumferential rotation speed of the annular rotary drive 103, so that the cutting head 101-2 runs to cover the entire tunneling section and completes the interlayer excavation. During this period, the grab bucket 201 performs slag grabbing operations.

[0089] S5: Repeat step S4 until the travel of the telescopic device 105 is fully used, and then reset the telescopic device 105.

[0090] S6: The support shoe 102-1 on the circumference of the support shield 102 retracts and detaches from the well wall.

[0091] S7: The annular support shoe device 104 continues to support the well wall, and the stepping device 107 extends, so that the cutting arm 101, the support shield 102, and the annular rotary drive 103 are lowered as a whole, and the lowering distance is equal to the stroke of the telescopic device 105.

[0092] S8: Repeat steps S3-S7.

[0093] S9: The annular support shoe device 104 retracts away from the well wall. The ground suspension device 4 lowers the entire downhole equipment by the second linear telescopic device 5 by the travel distance of one telescopic device 105. The support shoe 102-1 on the circumference of the support shield 102 then tightens the well wall. Then the stepping device 107 retracts, and the second linear telescopic device 5 continues to lower by the travel distance of one stepping device 107.

[0094] S10: After the stepping device 107 is retracted, the annular support shoe device 104 extends and supports the well wall.

[0095] S11: Repeat steps S2-S10 to complete the excavation and muck removal operation of the vertical shaft. The tunneling machine provided in this technical solution...

[0096] A preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned tunneling machine construction method includes the following steps:

[0097] S1: Install the tunneling main unit 1 and the rear support 2 of the hoisting platform. Connect the tunneling main unit 1 and the rear support 2 of the hoisting platform with a steel wire rope. Connect the rear support 2 of the hoisting platform with a steel wire rope to the ground suspension device 4.

[0098] S2: The stepping cylinder retracts completely, the propulsion cylinder extends completely, and the annular support shoe device 104 extends to support the well wall;

[0099] S3: The support boot 102-1 on the circumference of the support shield 102 extends and tightens the well wall.

[0100] S4: Control the rotation speed of the cutting drive 101-1, control the propulsion cylinder to retract to a certain length, so that the cutting head 101-2 is buried to a certain depth in the rock strata, control the extension of the swing cylinder and the circumferential rotation speed of the annular rotary drive 103, so that the cutting head 101-2 runs to cover the vertical shaft section and completes the interlayer excavation. During this period, the grab bucket 201 performs slag grabbing operations.

[0101] S5: Repeat step S3 until the entire stroke of the push cylinder is used up, and then extend the push cylinder to its full extent.

[0102] S6: The support shoe 102-1 on the circumference of the support shield 102 retracts and detaches from the well wall.

[0103] S7: The annular support shoe device 104 continues to support the well wall, the stepping cylinder extends, and the cutting arm 101, the support shield 102, and the annular rotary drive 103 are lowered as a whole. The lowering distance is equal to the stroke of the propulsion cylinder.

[0104] S8: Repeat steps S3-S7.

[0105] S9: The annular support shoe device 104 retracts away from the well wall, the ground suspension device 4 lowers the wire rope, and after the entire downhole equipment moves down by one propulsion cylinder stroke, the support shoe 102-1 on the circumference of the support shield 102 tightens the well wall, then the stepping cylinder retracts, and the wire rope continues to be lowered by one stepping cylinder stroke.

[0106] S10: After the stepping cylinder has retracted, the annular support shoe device 104 extends and tightens the well wall;

[0107] S11: Repeat steps S2-S10 to complete the excavation and slag removal operation of the shaft.

[0108] Variable diameter modification design:

[0109] (1) Since the cutting arm 101 is used for excavation, different diameters can be excavated by controlling the stroke of the swing cylinder and the annular support shoe device 104 cylinder;

[0110] (2) When changing the diameter, the modification of the tunneling host 1 can be completed by replacing the support shield 102;

[0111] (3) The two side blocks behind the hanging platform are designed to be bolted together, and can be adapted to vertical shaft projects of different diameters by replacing the side blocks.

[0112] Compared to the cutterhead design used in full-face vertical shaft tunneling machines, the variable diameter modification of this invention has obvious advantages.

[0113] All aspects not detailed in this invention are conventional technical means known to those skilled in the art.

[0114] The above content shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and beneficial effects of the present invention. The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A raise boring machine comprising a boring main (1) connected to an annular shoe device (104) by means of a stepping device (107), characterized in that: The annular support shoe device (104) is connected with the tunneling main machine (1) through a support shield (102), the support shield (102) is connected with a fixed part of an annular rotary drive (103) of the tunneling main machine (1) through a telescopic device (105), and a rotary part of the annular rotary drive (103) is connected with an oscillatable cutting device; The support shield (102) is provided with radially telescopic support shoes (102-1) and axially extending sliding limiting tracks (106), and the fixed part of the annular rotary drive (103) is in sliding fit with the sliding limiting tracks (106). A plurality of groups of the support shoes (102-1) are arranged along the axial direction of the support shield (102), and each group of the support shoes (102-1) comprises a plurality of support shoes (102-1) which are equiangularly distributed along the circumferential direction of the support shield (102). The step device (107) comprises a plurality of step oil cylinders which are hinged between the annular support shoe device (104) and the support shield (102), and a plurality of groups of the step oil cylinders are arranged along the circumferential direction of the support shield (102). The step oil cylinders in each group are equiangularly distributed along the circumferential direction of the support shield (102), and each step oil cylinder is arranged obliquely relative to the axis of the support shield (102). The cutting device comprises a cutting arm (101) which is connected with the rotary part of the annular rotary drive (103), the cutting arm (101) is provided with a cutting drive (101-1) therein, the cutting drive (101-1) is connected with a cutting head (101-2), and a fifth linear telescopic device (109) is hinged between the cutting arm (101) and the rotary part of the annular rotary drive (103). The annular support shoe device (104) is connected with the back matching part (2) of the hanging plate through a first linear telescopic device (3). The back matching part (2) of the hanging plate is connected with a grab bucket (201) which corresponds to the inner hole of the annular rotary drive (103) in up and down directions, the annular support shoe device (104) is provided with a movable material distributing device (108), the material distributing device (108) is provided with a slag chute (108-1), and a hanging bucket (6) is arranged in cooperation with the slag chute (108-1).

2. The raise boring machine of claim 1, wherein: A plurality of the sliding limiting tracks (106) are arranged, and the sliding limiting tracks (106) are equiangularly distributed along the circumferential direction of the support shield (102).

3. The raise boring machine of claim 1, wherein: A plurality of radially telescopic support shoes (102-1) are arranged on the support shield (102).

4. A raise boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that: Alternatively, the annular support shoe device (104) is not structurally connected with the back matching part (2) of the hanging plate, and the back matching part (2) of the hanging plate is connected with a ground device (4) through a second linear telescopic device (5).

5. The raise boring machine of claim 4, wherein: The first linear telescopic device (3) and the second linear telescopic device (5) are rigid telescopic devices or steel wire suspension devices.

6. The raise boring machine of claim 5, wherein: The side blocks and the main blocks of the back matching part (2) of the hanging plate are detachably connected.

7. A raise boring machine according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that: The material distributing device (108) comprises a support connected with a third linear telescopic device, a top of the support is hinged with a slag chute (108-1), and a fourth linear telescopic device (108-2) is hinged between the slag chute (108-1) and the support, and both sides of the translation direction of the material distributing device (108) are provided with the hanging bucket (6).

8. A method of construction of a shaft sinking machine characterised in that: The shaft tunneling machine of claim 7, comprising the following steps: S1: installing the tunneling main machine (1) and the hanging plate rear matching device (2), connecting the first linear telescopic device (3) between the tunneling main machine (1) and the hanging plate rear matching device (2), and connecting the second linear telescopic device (5) between the hanging plate rear matching device (2) and the ground device (4); S2: the step device (107) is completely retracted, the telescopic device (105) is actuated to make the annular rotary drive (103) located at the top of the support shield (102), and the annular support shoe device (104) is extended to support the shaft wall; S3: the support shoes (102-1) on the circumference of the support shield (102) are extended to support the shaft wall; S4: the rotation speed of the cutting drive (101-1) is controlled, the telescopic device (105) is actuated to make the cutting head (101-2) embedded in a certain depth in the shaft bottom, the extension amount of the fifth linear telescopic device (109) and the circumferential rotation speed of the annular rotary drive (103) are controlled, the cutting head (101-2) is operated to cover the entire tunneling section, the interlayer excavation is completed, and the grab bucket (201) performs the slag grabbing operation during the period; S5: the step S4 is repeated until the stroke of the telescopic device (105) is completely used, and then the telescopic device (105) is reset; S6: the support shoes (102-1) on the circumference of the support shield (102) are retracted to be separated from the shaft wall; S7: the annular support shoe device (104) continues to support the shaft wall, the step device (107) is extended, and the cutting arm (101), the support shield (102) and the annular rotary drive (103) are integrally lowered, and the lowering distance is equal to the stroke of the telescopic device (105); S8: the steps S3-S7 are repeated; S9: the annular support shoe device (104) is retracted to be away from the shaft wall, the ground surface suspension ground device (4) makes the underground equipment integrally lowered by one stroke distance of the telescopic device (105) through the second linear telescopic device (5), the support shoes (102-1) on the circumference of the support shield (102) are supported to the shaft wall, then the step device (107) is retracted, and the second linear telescopic device (5) continues to lower by one stroke distance of the step device (107); S10: after the step device (107) is completely retracted, the annular support shoe device (104) is extended to support the shaft wall; S11: the steps S2-S10 are repeated to complete the shaft excavation and slag removal operation.

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