Orchard ring rail type hole digging and fertilizer applying machine

Abstract

The application provides an orchard annular guide rail type hole digging and fertilizer applying machine, which comprises an annular guide rail, a hydraulic cylinder arranged below the annular guide rail, two eccentric funnel type fertilizer boxes arranged above the annular guide rail, and two sets of hole digging and fertilizer applying devices corresponding to the two eccentric funnel type fertilizer boxes. The annular guide rail comprises a fixed guide rail and a rotating disc, the fixed guide rail and the rotating disc are concentrically arranged, the outer ring of the rotating disc is tooth-shaped, is engaged with a guide rail driving pinion on a support frame, and rotates around the fixed guide rail under the driving of the guide rail driving pinion. The annular guide rail is installed on a hydraulic rod of the hydraulic cylinder. The eccentric funnel type fertilizer boxes and the hole digging and fertilizer applying devices are fixedly installed on the rotating disc and can rotate around the fixed guide rail with the rotating disc. The hole digging and fertilizer applying device comprises a spiral drill bit. The spiral drill bit is hollow and is communicated with the eccentric funnel type fertilizer box. A vertical three-section screw conveyor is arranged in the hollow shaft. The application can realize multi-point hole digging and fertilizer applying for one fruit tree at the same working position and can reduce labor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention provides an orchard ring rail type hole-digging fertilizer applicator, belonging to the field of agricultural machinery technology. Background Technology

[0002] There are several problems with orchard fertilization machines: fertilizer cannot be mixed evenly with the soil, resulting in low fertilizer utilization. Current orchard fertilization machinery, whether trenching or pit-digging, applies fertilizer only to the bottom of the trench or pit, failing to distribute it throughout the entire space. While pit-digging fertilization machines can dig holes around fruit trees, and although such machines exist in China, some only perform mechanical drilling, limiting their functionality. The fertilization process is still done manually, and the amount of fertilizer applied cannot be controlled. The entire operation is costly, inefficient, and labor-intensive. Although a small number can achieve quantitative fertilization of fruit trees, their application is limited and they cannot mechanize the application of organic fertilizers like manure. Most orchard fertilization machines use external wheel-type fertilizer discharge devices, suitable only for granular fertilizers, not organic fertilizers. Furthermore, the external wheels are prone to clogging and difficult to clean, failing to meet the fertilization requirements of orchards.

[0003] Li Xibin designed a spiral granular fertilizer deep application machine for orchards (Li Xibin. Design of a spiral granular fertilizer deep application trolley for orchards [J]. Southern Agricultural Machinery, 2021, 52(03): 57-59.). After the machine reaches the designated work point, the digging button is activated. At this time, the digging gasoline engine starts, and the output speed is reduced through the gearbox. The lateral transmission of the tractor output shaft is changed to longitudinal transmission through meshing with the bevel gear. When the bevel gear meshes with the lower bevel gear of the lifting shaft, the lifting rod rotates at high speed, driving the hydraulic pump to work, causing the hydraulic cylinder to contract and drive the drill bit to descend. The soil collection device gradually opens as the drill bit descends to collect the thrown soil. When the set depth is reached, the clutch switch at the bottom is triggered, and the drill bit stops drilling. At this time, the bevel gear is shifted (gear shifting), and the spiral drill bit reverses, driving the hydraulic pump to work in the opposite direction, causing the hydraulic cylinder to push out in the opposite direction and drive the drill bit to rise. When the drill bit is raised to the specified height, the fertilizer discharge switch is triggered, the fertilizer discharge port opens, and the fertilizer storage port closes at the same time. The fertilizer flows into the dug hole along the fertilizer discharge pipe. After fertilization is completed, the drill bit continues to rise, the fertilization switch is spring-loaded back, the fertilizer outlet closes, and the fertilizer storage outlet opens, preparing for the next fertilization. As the auger drill bit rises, it drives the soil collection device to gradually close and push all the raised soil into the hole. When the auger drill bit continues to rise to its highest point, the clutch switch at the top is triggered, and the drill bit stops rotating and rising. The driver then drives the trolley to the next fertilization point, where the soil compaction device at the rear of the trolley compacts the loose soil, thus completing the hole-digging, fertilization, and soil-covering process. This method has the following problems: Orchard hole-digging fertilization agronomy usually requires digging multiple holes evenly around a fruit tree. This machine can currently only dig one hole at a time, and the above hole-digging and fertilization process is repeated only after moving the machine to the next work site, resulting in low efficiency.

[0004] Miao Weiping (Miao Weiping. Design and research of a new type of orchard hole-digging fertilizer applicator [J]. Agricultural Mechanization Research, 2018, 40(10):100-103+108.DOI:10.13427 / j.cnki.njyi.2018.10.019.) designed a new type of orchard hole-digging fertilizer applicator, which includes a walking device, a digging device, a fertilizing device and a soil covering device. Under the control of the power supply and the main control system, the motor drives the transmission mechanism to drive the walking mechanism to start moving, and at the same time triggers the hole-digging device to dig soil. The core component is a spiral drill bit. Under the control of the pre-set program, the fertilizer is quantitatively applied through the fertilizer channel. Then, the soil is evenly covered to complete one hole-digging fertilization operation. The disadvantage of this device is that the fertilizer applicator adopts a star-shaped fertilizer discharge wheel, which is only suitable for granular fertilizer with good physical properties. It cannot be used for organic fertilizer with high water content and easy adhesion.

[0005] The hole-digging, fertilizing, and covering machine for mountain orchards developed by Wei Zikai (Wei Zikai. Design and Research of Hole-Digging, Fertilizing, and Covering Machine for Mountain Orchards [D]. Northwest A&F University, 2016.) mainly consists of a lifting mechanism, a hole-digging and covering mechanism, and a fertilizing mechanism. During operation, the hole-digging shovel moves downwards and retracts, digging into the soil to complete the hole-digging operation, with the soil retained inside the shovel. The fertilizing hydraulic cylinder control valve handle is operated to push the linkage tongue plate to move, completing the fertilizing operation. Finally, the hole-digging shovel separates, and the soil falls back into the hole due to gravity. The lower end of the support scrapes off the soil adhering to the hole-digging shovel, completing the covering operation. The amount of fertilizer applied by this machine is determined by the linkage tongue plate and measuring cylinder, and the amount of fertilizer is not adjustable, making it difficult to meet the complex requirements of agricultural production and easily leading to fertilizer waste. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the issues of low efficiency in single-pit fertilization and the difficulty in applying organic fertilizer using traditional pit-digging and fertilizing machines, this invention proposes a pit-digging and fertilizing device that can move along a circular guide rail. This allows for multi-point pit fertilization of a single fruit tree from the same working position, reducing labor costs, preventing resource waste, and significantly improving orchard labor efficiency.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an orchard ring rail type hole-digging fertilizer applicator, including a ring rail, a hydraulic cylinder is provided below the ring rail, the hydraulic cylinder is mounted on a base; two eccentric funnel-shaped fertilizer boxes are mounted above the ring rail, and two sets of hole-digging fertilizer devices are correspondingly mounted below.

[0008] The annular guide rail includes a fixed guide rail and a turntable. The fixed guide rail and the turntable are concentrically arranged inside and outside. The outer ring of the turntable is toothed and meshes with the guide rail drive pinion on the support frame. Under the drive of the guide rail drive pinion, the turntable rotates around the fixed guide rail.

[0009] The circular guide rail is mounted on the hydraulic rod of the hydraulic cylinder. Under hydraulic drive, the circular guide rail is raised and lowered, thereby adjusting the depth of the hole.

[0010] The eccentric funnel-type fertilizer box and the hole-digging fertilizer application device are matched one-to-one. Both the eccentric funnel-type fertilizer box and the hole-digging fertilizer application device are fixedly installed on the turntable and can rotate around the fixed guide rail with the turntable.

[0011] The pit-digging fertilization device includes an auger drill bit, which is connected to a motor via a gear transmission box. A soil retaining cover is installed outside the auger drill bit. The interior of the auger drill bit is hollow, containing a hollow shaft. The upper end of the hollow shaft connects to an eccentric funnel-shaped fertilizer tank. A vertical three-section auger is placed inside the hollow shaft. Fertilizer from the eccentric funnel-shaped fertilizer tank enters the pit through the three-section auger. The three-section auger is three-sectioned, with each section connected by a planetary gear system. Sections one and three move in the same direction, while section two rotates in the opposite direction and at a lower speed. The three-section auger reduces the falling speed of the organic fertilizer, ensuring more even fertilization. A soil collection pipe is installed around the auger drill bit to temporarily store the soil brought up. After the drill bit rises, the soil automatically backfills under gravity, achieving the soil covering function.

[0012] The soil collection pipe consists of three parts: the upper and lower pipes are cast from rigid materials, and the middle section is a telescopic pipe. When digging downwards, the lower pipe contacts the ground, and the middle section contracts to ensure that the auger bit can descend to the working depth. When the drill bit rises, the middle telescopic pipe is stretched back to its original state under the action of the lower pipe's own weight.

[0013] The hollow shaft is vertically placed inside the auger, and the fertilizer can be transported to the bottom of the hole using the vertical fertilizer conveying auger.

[0014] The auger drill bit consists of two parts: a segmented auger section and a double auger section. The segmented auger section reduces stress concentration, while the arrangement of the double auger section ensures the stability of the excavation work.

[0015] The three-section auger is equipped with a bevel gear transmission box, which contains an upper gear and a lower gear, arranged vertically opposite each other. Between the upper and lower gears is an adjustable fertilizer drive wheel, which can mesh with the upper and lower gears respectively. The upper gear is fixedly connected to the screw, and the lower gear is fixedly connected to the three-section auger. The screw has a feed inlet rib through a sleeve, and the feed inlet surface is arranged on the feed inlet rib. The feed inlet surface is located at the bottom outlet of the eccentric funnel-shaped fertilizer box. The planetary gear system includes a sun gear and a planet carrier, with planet gears arranged between the sun gear and the planet carrier.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are: the machine can realize integrated operation of digging holes, fertilizing, and covering soil, greatly reducing labor costs; it proposes a hole-digging and fertilizing device that can move along a circular guide rail, enabling multi-point hole digging and fertilization of a fruit tree at the same working position, thus improving work efficiency; it utilizes a planetary gear system to achieve the purpose of three-section augers coaxially with different speeds, improving the fertilization effect of organic fertilizer; it is equipped with a soil collection pipe device, which can temporarily store the soil lifted up by the drill bit, and automatically backfill the soil after the hole digging is completed, saving working time; the combination of segmented spiral and double spiral arrangement can improve the effect of hole digging. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the orchard ring guide rail type hole-digging fertilizer applicator of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the annular guide rail device of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hole-digging fertilization method of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the three-section auger of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the spiral drill bit of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The specific technical solution of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, an orchard ring rail type hole-digging fertilizer applicator includes a ring rail, a hydraulic cylinder 12 is provided below the ring rail, and the hydraulic cylinder 12 is mounted on the base; two eccentric funnel-shaped fertilizer boxes 8 are mounted above the ring rail, and two sets of hole-digging fertilizer devices are correspondingly mounted below.

[0024] like Figure 2 As shown, the annular guide rail includes a fixed guide rail 1 and a turntable 2. The fixed guide rail 1 and the turntable 2 are concentrically arranged inside and outside. The outer ring of the turntable 2 is toothed and meshes with the guide rail drive pinion 9 on the support frame 13. Under the drive of the guide rail drive pinion 9, the turntable 2 rotates around the fixed guide rail 1.

[0025] The annular guide rail is mounted on the hydraulic rod 11 of the hydraulic cylinder 12. Under hydraulic drive, the annular guide rail is raised and lowered to adjust the depth of the hole.

[0026] The eccentric funnel-type fertilizer box 8 and the hole-digging fertilizer application device are one-to-one. Both the eccentric funnel-type fertilizer box 8 and the hole-digging fertilizer application device are fixedly installed on the turntable 2 and can rotate around the fixed guide rail 1 with the turntable 2.

[0027] like Figure 3As shown, the pit-digging fertilization device includes a spiral drill bit 7, which is connected to a motor 3 via a gear transmission box 4. A soil retaining cover 5 is installed outside the spiral drill bit 7. The spiral drill bit 7 is hollow inside, with a hollow shaft 10 inside. The upper end of the hollow shaft 10 is connected to an eccentric funnel-shaped fertilizer box 8. A vertical three-section auger 23 is placed inside the hollow shaft 10. Fertilizer in the eccentric funnel-shaped fertilizer box 8 enters the pit through the three-section auger 23. The three-section auger 23 is three-sectioned, with each section connected by a planetary gear system 19. The first and third sections move in the same direction, while the second section rotates in the opposite direction and at a lower speed. Under the action of the three-section auger 23, the falling speed of the organic fertilizer is reduced, ensuring more uniform fertilization. A soil collection pipe 6 is installed around the spiral drill bit 7 to temporarily store the soil brought up. After the drill bit rises, the soil is automatically backfilled by gravity, achieving the soil covering function.

[0028] like Figure 4 As shown, the soil collection pipe 6 consists of three parts: the upper and lower pipes are cast from rigid materials, and the middle section is a telescopic pipe. When digging downwards, the lower pipe contacts the ground, and the middle section contracts to ensure that the auger drill bit 7 can descend to the working depth. When the drill bit rises, the middle telescopic pipe is stretched back to its original state under the action of the lower pipe's own weight.

[0029] The hollow shaft 10 is vertically placed inside the auger bit 7, and the fertilizer can be transported to the bottom of the hole using the vertical fertilizer conveying auger.

[0030] like Figure 5 As shown, the spiral drill bit 7 consists of two parts: a segmented spiral section 27 and a double spiral section 28. The segmented spiral section 27 can reduce stress concentration, and the arrangement of the double spiral section 28 ensures the stability of the excavation work.

[0031] A bevel gear transmission box 18 is provided above the three-section auger 23. The bevel gear transmission box 18 contains an upper gear 17 and a lower gear 22, which are arranged vertically opposite each other. A fertilizer application drive wheel 21 that can be adjusted vertically is provided between the upper gear 17 and the lower gear 22. The fertilizer application drive wheel 21 can mesh with the upper gear 17 and the lower gear 22 respectively for transmission. The upper gear 17 is fixedly connected to the screw 20, and the lower gear 22 is fixedly connected to the three-section auger 23. A feed inlet umbrella rib 15 is provided on the screw 20 through the sleeve 16, and a feed inlet umbrella surface 14 is arranged on the feed inlet umbrella rib 15. The feed inlet umbrella surface 14 is located at the bottom outlet of the eccentric funnel-shaped fertilizer box 8.

[0032] The planetary gear train 19 includes a sun gear 25 and a planet carrier 26, with a planet gear 24 located between the sun gear 25 and the planet carrier 26.

[0033] A circular guide rail type hole-digging fertilizer applicator for orchards, with the following specific movement method:

[0034] The annular guide rail comprises two parts: a fixed guide rail 1 and a turntable 2. The outer edge of the turntable 2 is toothed and meshes with the guide rail drive pinion 9 on the side. The guide rail drive pinion 9 starts to rotate under the cooperation of chain drive and drives the turntable 2 to rotate around the fixed guide rail 1. Two eccentric funnel-type fertilizer boxes 8 are mounted above the turntable 2. The outlet of the eccentric funnel-type fertilizer box 8 is connected to a hollow shaft 10, and the key fertilizer application components are placed inside the hollow shaft 10.

[0035] The key fertilization components include an upper feed inlet control device, a bevel gear transmission section, and a three-section auger 23. The fertilizer drive wheel 21 of the bevel gear transmission section can switch between upper and lower positions. When the fertilizer drive wheel 21 meshes with the upper gear 17, it controls the opening and closing of the feed inlet umbrella surface 14 under the rotation of the screw 20, thereby controlling the speed at which fertilizer enters the hollow shaft 10. When the fertilizer drive wheel 21 meshes with the lower gear 22, the three-section auger 23 starts to rotate. The first and third sections of the auger move in the same direction. Due to the action of the planetary gear system 19, the second section of the auger rotates in the opposite direction to the first and third sections and at a slower speed. During the downward transport of fertilizer, the presence of the second section of the auger allows the fertilizer to stay in the hollow shaft 10 for a longer time, ensuring the uniformity and stability of the fertilization effect.

[0036] The hole-digging and fertilizing device is installed at the lower part of the turntable 2 and includes a soil collection pipe 6, a spiral drill bit 7, and a gear transmission box 4. The soil collection pipe 6 is fixed to the soil retaining cover 5 and can temporarily store the soil brought up by the spiral drill bit 7. The spiral drill bit 7 is hollow inside, and a hollow shaft 10 is placed vertically inside the spiral drill bit 7. The gear transmission box 4 is gear-driven, and the spiral drill bit 7 is driven by a motor 3 to dig holes. The hole-digging and fertilizing device can move up and down under the action of the hydraulic cylinder 12 to control the digging depth. Once the machine reaches the designated work location, motor 3 starts, driving the auger drill bit 7 to begin digging. Hydraulic cylinder 12 controls the depth of the digging. When the lower end of the soil collection pipe 6 contacts the ground, the middle telescopic pipe begins to retract, and the auger drill bit 7 continues to descend. After reaching the designated depth, the fertilizer application drive wheel 21 in the key fertilizer application component meshes with the upper gear 17, adjusting the opening size of the feed inlet according to actual operational requirements. Subsequently, the fertilizer application drive wheel 21 moves down and meshes with the lower gear 22, driving the three-section auger 23 to rotate. The fertilizer is then transported to the pit along the three-section auger 23. After fertilization is completed in the pit, the pit-digging and fertilizing device moves upward. After the auger bit 7 rises to a certain height, the soil in the soil collection pipe 6 falls back into the original pit, realizing the automatic backfilling function. The telescopic section of the soil collection pipe 6 also returns to its original state under the action of gravity, thus completing one pit-digging, fertilizing, and soil-covering operation. Then, the guide rail device is activated, and the turntable 2 rotates around the fixed guide rail 1 at a certain angle to reach the next working position. The above pit-digging, fertilizing, and soil-covering operations are repeated until multiple fertilization points are evenly completed around a tree before the machinery needs to be moved again.

[0037] This invention can be used for digging holes and applying fertilizer in orchards, which can effectively improve the efficiency of digging holes and deep application of fertilizer, and avoid problems such as difficulty in applying organic fertilizer and uneven application.

Claims

1. A circular guide rail type hole-digging fertilizer applicator for orchards, characterized in that, Includes a ring guide rail, with a hydraulic cylinder (12) below the ring guide rail, and the hydraulic cylinder (12) is mounted on the base; two eccentric funnel-shaped fertilizer boxes (8) are mounted above the ring guide rail, and two sets of hole-digging fertilizer devices are mounted below them. The ring guide rail includes a fixed guide rail (1) and a turntable (2). The fixed guide rail (1) and the turntable (2) are concentrically arranged inside and outside. The outer ring of the turntable (2) is toothed and meshes with the guide rail drive pinion (9) on the support frame (13). Under the drive of the guide rail drive pinion (9), the turntable (2) rotates around the fixed guide rail (1). The circular guide rail is installed on the hydraulic rod (11) of the hydraulic cylinder (12). Under hydraulic drive, the circular guide rail is raised and lowered to adjust the depth of the hole. The eccentric funnel-type fertilizer box (8) and the hole-digging fertilizer device are one-to-one correspondences. Both the eccentric funnel-type fertilizer box (8) and the hole-digging fertilizer device are fixedly installed on the turntable (2) and can rotate around the fixed guide rail (1) with the turntable (2). The hole-digging fertilization device includes a spiral drill bit (7), which is connected to a motor (3) via a gear transmission box (4); a soil retaining cover (5) is provided outside the spiral drill bit (7); the spiral drill bit (7) is hollow inside, with a hollow shaft (10) inside, the upper end of the hollow shaft (10) is connected to an eccentric funnel-shaped fertilizer box (8), and a vertical three-section auger (23) is placed in the hollow shaft (10). The fertilizer in the eccentric funnel-shaped fertilizer box (8) enters the hole through the three-section auger (23); a soil collection pipe (6) is installed around the spiral drill bit (7); The three-section auger (23) is a three-section auger, with the sections connected by a planetary gear train (19). The first and third sections have the same motion state, while the second section rotates in the opposite direction and at a lower speed. The planetary gear train (19) includes a sun gear (25) and a planet carrier (26), with a planet gear (24) located between the sun gear (25) and the planet carrier (26).

2. The orchard ring-rail type hole-digging fertilizer applicator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil collection pipe (6) consists of three parts: the upper and lower pipes are made of rigid material and the middle section is a telescopic pipe.

3. The orchard ring-rail type hole-digging fertilizer applicator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auger drill bit (7) consists of two parts: a segmented auger section (27) and a double auger section (28).

4. The orchard ring-rail type hole-digging fertilizer applicator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-section auger (23) is provided with a bevel gear transmission box (18) above it. The bevel gear transmission box (18) is provided with an upper gear (17) and a lower gear (22). The upper gear (17) and the lower gear (22) are arranged opposite each other. A fertilizer drive wheel (21) that can be adjusted up and down is provided between the upper gear (17) and the lower gear (22). The fertilizer drive wheel (21) can mesh with the upper gear (17) and the lower gear (22) respectively for transmission. The upper gear (17) is fixedly connected to the screw (20), and the lower gear (22) is fixedly connected to the three-section auger (23); the screw (20) is provided with a feed inlet rib (15) through the sleeve (16), and a feed inlet umbrella surface (14) is arranged on the feed inlet rib (15); the feed inlet umbrella surface (14) is located at the bottom outlet of the eccentric funnel-type fertilizer box (8).

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