A lighting method for inducing golden body color of large yellow croaker

Abstract

A lighting method for inducing a golden body color in large yellow croaker uses lighting equipment with a spectral range of 400 to 780 nm and capable of maintaining a light intensity of 10,000 lux or greater on the fish's surface. Continuous illumination for 40 minutes induces the large yellow croaker's body color to change from white to golden yellow under illumination, and this coloration persists for at least two hours after illumination ceases. This method can be applied to large yellow croaker fishing operations at any time, changing the current practice of nighttime fishing. It reduces the difficulty and cost of fishing, improves the safety of fishermen, and provides a convenient new technology for improving the quality and efficiency of the large yellow croaker industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of fishery fishing lighting, and in particular to a lighting method for inducing golden body color of large yellow croaker. Background Art

[0002] Large yellow croaker (Larimichthyscrocea), belonging to the order Perciformes, family Sciaenidae, genus Yellow Croaker, also known as large yellow croaker, yellow croaker, and golden fish, is a warm-water schooling migratory fish. It is rich in nutrients and is one of the precious economic fish in my country's coastal waters. The body color of large yellow croaker is its important external feature, especially the golden skin on the abdomen, which has become its important economic trait. The market price of large yellow croaker is closely related to the goldenness of its body color. However, the golden body color of large yellow croaker has the phenomenon of turning white when it "sees" light. During the day or under light, the golden body color of large yellow croaker quickly turns silvery white within 2 to 3 minutes; at night or in a dark environment, it turns golden yellow. [1] Therefore, in order to increase the economic value of large yellow croaker products, large yellow croaker fishing can only be carried out at night, and the fishing process cannot be illuminated. This not only increases the difficulty and cost of fishing, but also poses a safety hazard to fishermen.

[0003] Fish have a variety of colors on their bodies. For all organisms, the color pattern is produced by the organized distribution of pigment cells derived from the neural crest. The color of the pigment cells depends on the absorbance of the pigment or the interference phenomenon based on light-reflecting substances. [2-7] Body coloration has multiple functions in vertebrates, such as camouflage. [8-10] , temperature regulation [10,11] , photoprotective effect

[10] , sexual selection [12-14] Color changes are important for many fish to improve their adaptability in nature. In fish, the diversity and complexity of body color patterns are much more complex, with up to six different types of pigment cells: melanocytes [3,7,15] , yellow pigment cells

[16] , erythropoiesis cells

[16] , iridophores [7,17] , leukocytes [7,17] and blue pigment cells [16,18] .

[0004] The yellowness of large yellow croaker skin is mainly related to the diffusion of pigment granules (luteosomes) in xanthophyll cells. The diffusion of luteosomes in xanthophyll cells is regulated by MSH through endocrine and autocrine pathways. [1] The contraction of lutein bodies in yellow croaker xanthophyll cells is sensitive to short-wavelength visible light. Based on this characteristic, there is currently a night fishing lighting device that uses long-wavelength visible red light in the industry.

[19] However, this method is still limited to nighttime operation and has certain operational difficulties. Currently, there are no reports on inducing yellow croaker to turn yellow in a light environment.

[0005] References:

[0006] [1]HAN J,HONG WS,WANG Q,et al.The regulation of melanocyte-stimulating hormone on the pigment granuledispersion in the xanthophores andmelanophores of the large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea)[J].Aquaculture,2019,507:7-20.

[0007] [2]FITZPATRICK,THOMAS,BIOLOGY BJQR O.Chromatophores and ColorChange.The Comparative Physiology of Animal Pigmentation.Joseph T.Bagnara,MacE.Hadley[J].1974.

[0008] [3] BAGNARA JT, MATSUMOTO J. Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of Pigment Cells in Nonmammalian Tissues[M]. The Pigmentary System: Physiology and Pathophysiology, Second Edition, 2007.

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[0012] [7]FUJII R J P O F.Coloration and chromatophores[J].1993.

[0013] [8]Belk M C,Smith M H.Pelage coloration in oldfield mice(Peromyscuspolionotus):antipredator adaptation ? [J].Journal of Mammalogy,1996,77(3):882-890.

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[10] CELL R Q J S I,BIOLOGY D.Adaptive colouration in amphibians[J].2013.

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[11] MCNAB B K J J O C P B.Erratum to:Behavioral and ecologicalfactors account for variation in the massindependent energy expenditures ofendotherms[J].2015,185(1):15-6.

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[12] KODRIC-BROWN A,NICOLETTO P F J B E,SOCIOBIOLOGY.Female choice inthe guppy(Poecilia reticulata):the interaction between male color and display[J].2001,50(4):346-51.

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[13] BAJER K,MOLNAR O,TOROK J,et al.Ultraviolet nuptial colordetermines fight success in male European green lizards(Lacerta viridis)[J].2011,7(6):866-8.

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[14] MAAN ME,SEFC KMJSIC,BIOLOGY D.Colour variation in cichlidfish:Developmental mechanisms,selective pressures and evolutionary consequences[J].2013,24(6-7):516-28.

[0020]

[15] KOTTLER VA,KüNSTNER A,SCHARTL MJPC,et al.Pheomelanin in fish? [J].2015,28(3):355-6.

[0021]

[16] MANFRED,SCHARTL,LIONEL,et al.What is a vertebrate pigment cell?[J].2015,29(1).

[0022]

[17] KIMURA T, NAGAO Y, HASHIMOTO H, et al. Leucophores are similar toxanthophores in their specification and differentiation processes in medaka[J].2014,111(20):7343-8.

[0023]

[18] GODAM,FUJII RJ Z.Blue Chromatophores in Two Species ofCallionymid Fish[J].1995,12(6):811-3.

[0024]

[19] Chen Shixi, Ge Xiaoyu. A nighttime lighting method for maintaining the golden body color of large yellow croaker, CN113068664B[P / OL]. Summary of the Invention

[0025] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art and provide a lighting method for inducing golden body color of large yellow croaker. The method can be used to induce large yellow croaker that has turned white due to exposure to light to turn golden again in a daytime light environment. There are no special restrictions on the equipment, and only requirements on the light intensity are imposed, so the implementation method is simpler.

[0026] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0027] A lighting method for inducing golden body color in large yellow croaker. The lighting equipment is not limited. The spectrum range of the light source is 400-780 nm. The irradiation intensity received by the large yellow croaker body surface is greater than or equal to 10,000 lux, and the illumination time is not less than 40 minutes.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] The present invention uses strong light of 10,000 lux or greater to induce a golden yellow coloration in large yellow croaker, which persists for at least two hours after the light ceases. This method can be applied to large yellow croaker fishing operations at any time, thus avoiding the current difficulty of fishing operations, which are limited to nighttime fishing and lack of lighting. This invention also reduces the difficulty and cost of fishing, improves the safety of fishermen, and increases the economic value of large yellow croaker products. Furthermore, the method is simple and easily disseminated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is the spectral range of LED light source.

[0031] Figure 2 The effect of 10000 lux strong light exposure time on the body color of large yellow croaker; Figure 2 The following are the descriptions of the figures:

[0032] A: Body color of yellow croaker in dark environment; A': Enlarged view of part of Figure A;

[0033] B: Body color diagram of large yellow croaker under low indoor light (<200 lux); B': Partial enlargement of Figure B;

[0034] C: Body color image of yellow croaker irradiated with 10,000 lux strong light for 40 minutes; C': Partial enlargement of Figure C;

[0035] D: Comparison of body color details of yellow croaker after irradiation with 10,000 lux strong light for 40 minutes; D': Enlarged view of the part of Figure D.

[0036] Figure 3 The effect of 10000 lux strong light on yellow pigment cells on the surface of large yellow croaker; Figure 3 The following are the descriptions of the figures:

[0037] A: The diffuse morphology of yellow pigment cells in the abdomen of large yellow croaker after irradiation with 10,000 lux strong light, scale bar: 200 μm;

[0038] B: The diffuse morphology of yellow pigment cells in the red dotted box in Figure A, scale bar: 200 μm.

[0039] Figure 4 To stop the color change of large yellow croaker after being irradiated with 10000 lux strong light; Figure 4 The following are the descriptions of the figures:

[0040] A: Body color diagram of yellow croaker in dark environment;

[0041] B: Body color image of yellow croaker under normal light for 10 minutes;

[0042] C: Body color of yellow croaker irradiated with 10,000 lux light for 40 minutes;

[0043] D: Body color of yellow croaker after being irradiated with 10,000 lux strong light and then transferred to normal light for 2 hours;

[0044] E: Body color of yellow croaker after being irradiated with 10,000 lux strong light and then transferred to normal light for 4 hours;

[0045] F: Body color of yellow croaker after being irradiated with 10,000 lux strong light and then transferred to normal light for 6 hours;

[0046] G: Body color diagram of yellow croaker after being irradiated with 10,000 lux strong light and then transferred to normal light for 8 hours. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0048] Experimental Materials:

[0049] Large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) were purchased from Xiamen Xiashang International Aquatic Products Trading Center, weighing 486.18 ± 29.65 g. Upon arrival at the experimental site, the fish were temporarily housed in plastic barrels in a holding tank containing seawater with a salinity of 30‰ and a temperature of 27°C.

[0050] This experimental equipment uses LED light source, stereo microscope, and inverted microscope.

[0051] Experimental methods:

[0052] Experiment 1: Large yellow croaker with no surface damage and in good condition were selected and placed in a temporary holding vat, protected from light for 40 minutes. After the fish turned golden yellow, images were taken. The fish were exposed to indoor light (<200 lux) and imaged after they turned white. The fish were illuminated with an LED light source, and the height and angle of the illumination were controlled to maintain the light intensity on the large yellow croaker's surface at 10,000 lux. The fish were continuously observed. When the fish turned golden yellow under strong light, the conditions were recorded and images were taken.

[0053] Experiment 2: The large yellow croaker that had been induced to turn yellow by strong light in Experiment 1 was placed under a stereomicroscope to observe the morphology of its xanthophyll cells and take images.

[0054] Experiment 3: Large yellow croaker with no injuries on the surface and in good condition was selected and placed in a temporary holding bucket away from light for 40 minutes. After the fish body was induced to turn golden yellow, an image was taken; the fish body was exposed to indoor light (<200 lux), and after the fish body turned white, an image was taken; the fish body was irradiated with an LED light source, and the irradiation height and angle were controlled to maintain the light intensity on the large yellow croaker body surface at 10,000 lux, while the fish body was continuously observed; when the fish body was induced to turn golden yellow under strong light, the condition information was recorded and an image was taken; the fish body was then placed under indoor light (<200 lux), and the condition information was recorded and an image was taken at 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours respectively.

[0055] Experimental results:

[0056] The spectral range of the LED light source in this experiment is as follows Figure 1 As shown, it is the full spectrum visible light of 400~780nm.

[0057] In a completely dark environment, the belly of the yellow croaker is golden yellow ( Figure 2 A), the details show that the abdominal skin, pelvic fins and the skin below are all golden yellow ( Figure 2 A'); After 10 minutes of indoor lighting, the abdomen of the yellow croaker turns white ( Figure 2 B), the details show that the abdominal skin, pelvic fins and the skin below are all white ( Figure 2 B'); After irradiation with 10000 lux light for 40 minutes, the abdomen of the yellow croaker turns golden yellow ( Figure 2 C), the detail shows that the abdominal skin is golden yellow ( Figure 1 C'); The skin under the pelvic fin is still white due to the cover of the pelvic fin, forming a sharp contrast with the abdominal skin ( Figure 2 D, D').

[0058] The yellow croaker that was “induced yellow by strong light” was placed under a stereo microscope and observed under a 20X microscope. The yellow pigment cells showed a diffuse morphology ( Figure 3A), Observed under 120X microscope, yellow pigment cells showed diffuse morphology ( Figure 3 B).

[0059] In a completely dark environment, the belly of the yellow croaker is golden yellow ( Figure 4 A); After 10 minutes of indoor lighting, the abdomen of the yellow croaker turns white ( Figure 4 B); After irradiation with 10,000 lux light for 40 minutes, the abdomen of the yellow croaker turns golden yellow ( Figure 4 C); 2 hours after the indoor light was restored (<200 lux), the belly of the yellow croaker still showed golden yellow ( Figure 4 D); After 4 or 6 hours, the belly of the yellow croaker is still golden yellow ( Figure 4 E, F), but the yellow color was weaker than that at the previous time point; 8 hours later, the abdomen of the yellow croaker was almost completely white ( Figure 4 G).

[0060] The present invention uses strong light of 10,000 lux or greater to induce a golden yellow coloration in large yellow croaker, which persists for at least two hours after the light ceases. This method can be applied to large yellow croaker fishing operations at any time, thus avoiding the current difficulty of fishing operations, which are limited to nighttime fishing and lack of lighting. This invention also reduces the difficulty and cost of fishing, improves the safety of fishermen, and increases the economic value of large yellow croaker products. Furthermore, the method is simple and easily disseminated.

Claims

1. A lighting method for inducing golden body color of large yellow croaker, characterized in that: Use lighting fixtures with a light intensity of not less than 10,000 lux to irradiate the large yellow croaker. The spectrum range of the lighting fixtures used is 400~780 nm. Control the irradiation height and angle so that the light intensity received by the large yellow croaker body surface is maintained at 10,000 lux or above, and the irradiation time is not less than 40 minutes.

Images