A three-dimensional indium organic framework compound and its synthesis method and application in fluorescence identification of sophocarpine

Abstract

The present invention relates to a three-dimensional indium organic framework compound, a synthesis method, and its application in the fluorescent identification of sophocarpine. Indium acetate and 4,4',4",4"'-(4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyridine-6,4,2-triyl))tetrabenzoic acid are added to a mixture of acetonitrile, hydrochloric acid, and N,N-dimethylformamide, and stirred evenly. The resulting mixture is placed in a reactor, sealed in a reaction oven, heated to 60-90°C, and allowed to react continuously to obtain a yellow block crystalline product. The independent structural units of the compound are {[(CH3)2(NH2)][(In3O)2(PPTA)3(H2O)6[In3(PPTA)3]]·5DMF}. The three-dimensional indium organic framework compound has a fluorescent identification function. It can quickly and conveniently detect the content of sophocarpine in aqueous solutions, with a detection limit as low as 7.1×10 ‑6 mol / L.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of chemistry and mainly comprises a three-dimensional indium organic framework compound with fluorescence detection function, a synthesis method and application of fluorescence identification of sophoracarpine. Background Art

[0002] Sophoracarpine is one of the important alkaloids extracted from the traditional herbal medicine Sophora flavescens. Sophora flavescens has multiple pharmacological effects, including antiviral, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. As a typical quinoline alkaloid, sophoracarpine is primarily used to treat diseases such as cancer and arrhythmias. However, sophoracarpine is also toxic, and its improper use can cause severe physiological toxicity in patients. Several studies in rodents have shown that the nervous system may be the primary target organ for sophoracarpine-induced toxicity. High doses of sophoracarpine reduce striatal dopamine levels in mice. Oral administration of high doses of sophoracarpine in humans can cause severe neurotoxicity, with patients experiencing symptoms such as gait abnormalities, convulsions, and speech impairment. Therefore, accurate detection of sophoracarpine is of great practical significance. Several detection technologies have been used for sophoracarpine, including high-performance liquid chromatography, electrochemical detection, GC-MS, and ion mobility spectrometry. However, most of these methods are cumbersome, time-consuming, and expensive. Therefore, the search for a simple, rapid, and sensitive detection method is of great importance.

[0003] Among current detection methods, fluorescence assays that exploit the differential response of the analyte to a luminescent signal have been widely studied due to their advantages, such as short reaction time, simple operation, and high sensitivity. Among them, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous coordination materials composed of organic ligands connected by inorganic metal nodes. They have attracted widespread attention due to their unique characteristics, such as high porosity, large specific surface area, tunable multifunctional groups, adjustable pore size, and multi-center active sites. MOFs are widely used in various fields, including gas adsorption and separation, thermal catalysis, electrocatalysis, photolysis, drug delivery, and chemical sensing. In chemical sensing, MOFs offer advantages as luminescent probes, such as good recyclability, high sensitivity, and easy operation. To date, MOFs have been used to detect a wide range of substances, including cations and anions, pesticides, antibiotics, biomarkers, and explosives. However, although MOFs are ideal candidates for fluorescent detection of sophocarpine, no MOF-based luminescent probes have been developed for the detection of sophocarpine. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems of existing sophocarpine detection technology, such as the cumbersome detection process, the need for specialized personnel, time-consuming and expensive, the present invention develops a new fluorescent probe with the characteristics of simple, rapid and sensitive detection.

[0005] The first purpose of the present invention is to disclose a new indium organic framework compound with specific fluorescence recognition function.

[0006] The second purpose of the present invention is to disclose a method for preparing an indium organic framework compound with specific fluorescence recognition function.

[0007] The third object of the present invention is to disclose an application of an indium organic framework compound having the function of fluorescently recognizing sophocarpine.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is described as follows:

[0009] The three-dimensional indium organic framework compound of the present invention is analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The space group of the compound is R-3c, and the independent structural unit is {[(CH3)2(NH2)][(In3O)2(PPTA)3(H2O)6[In3(PPTA)3]]·5DMF}; Figure 1 As shown in the figure, in an independent structural unit, there are two In with different coordination modes. In1 is hexacoordinated, and the metal In ion is coordinated with 6 oxygen atoms, of which 4 oxygen atoms belong to the carboxyl oxygens in the 4 ligands H4PPTA and 2 oxygen atoms belong to the bridging oxygens. In2 is octacoordinated, and is coordinated with 8 oxygen atoms, which belong to the hydroxyl oxygen and carbonyl oxygen of the 4 ligands H4PPTA. The ligand H4PPTA coordinates with the metal In ion in two ways, and the two different coordination modes are continuously accumulated, eventually forming a three-dimensional metal-organic framework structure {[(CH3)2(NH2)][(In3O)2(PPTA)3(H2O)6[In3(PPTA)3]]·5DMF}n with a trinuclear In cluster.

[0010] Three-dimensional indium organic framework materials with fluorescence detection function are shown in Table 1 below.

[0011]

[0012] The three-dimensional indium organic framework material with fluorescence detection function is produced by the solvothermal reaction of 4,4',4",4"'-(4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyridine-6,4,2-triyl))tetrabenzoic acid H4PPTA and indium acetate. The reaction scheme is shown below.

[0013]

[0014] The indium organic framework material with fluorescence recognition function is a three-dimensional structural compound based on indium-carboxylic acid chain building units and contains relatively large one-dimensional channels.

[0015] The synthesis method of the three-dimensional indium organic framework compound of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0016] (1) Indium acetate and 4,4',4",4'-(4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyridine-6,4,2-triyl))tetrabenzoic acid were added to a mixture of acetonitrile, hydrochloric acid and N,N-dimethylformamide and stirred evenly;

[0017] (2) The mixed solution obtained in step (1) is placed in a reactor, sealed in a reaction oven, heated to 60-90°C, and continuously reacted to obtain a yellow block crystalline product; Figure 2 As shown, powder X-ray diffraction shows that the obtained crystal diffraction pattern is consistent with the simulation results, indicating that the synthesized product is an indium organic framework compound analyzed by single crystal diffraction.

[0018] In the step (1), the molar ratio of indium acetate, 4,4',4",4"'-(4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyridine-6,4,2-triyl))tetrabenzoic acid, hydrochloric acid, acetonitrile and N,N-dimethylformamide is (4-6):(1-1.5):(280-350):(5500-6000):(2400-2700).

[0019] In the step (2), the mixture is heated to 60-90° C. and the reaction is continued for 72-120 hours.

[0020] The three-dimensional indium organic framework compound of the present invention has a fluorescence recognition function.

[0021] The three-dimensional indium organic framework compound of the present invention is used for detecting quinoline alkaloid sophoracarpine.

[0022] The method for using the three-dimensional indium organic framework compound of the present invention to detect quinoline alkaloid sophoracarpine comprises the following steps:

[0023] (1) ultrasonically dispersing the indium organic framework material in an aqueous solution, testing its fluorescence, and obtaining the recognition effect of the indium organic framework material with specific fluorescence recognition function on sophocarpine according to the change in fluorescence intensity;

[0024] (2) Different concentrations of sophocarpine aqueous solution were added to an aqueous solution of an indium organic framework material having a fluorescence recognition function using a pipette, and the fluorescence intensity was measured. The obtained data were fitted to obtain the quantitative relationship and detection limit of sophocarpine in aqueous solution by the indium organic framework material having a fluorescence recognition function.

[0025] Furthermore, using 290nm as the excitation light, different ion solutions were added to the aqueous solution of the indium organic framework material with fluorescence recognition function using a pipette, and its initial fluorescence intensity was measured. Subsequently, different concentrations of sophoracarpine aqueous solution were added using a pipette, and its fluorescence intensity was tested. The identification of sophoracarpine in the aqueous solution was achieved based on the change in fluorescence intensity.

[0026] The method for detecting the quinoline alkaloid sophoracarpine of the present invention comprises identifying sophoracarpine in aqueous solutions of some components in blood such as NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, KCl, K2SO4, KHCO3, Zn(NO3)2, glucose and creatinine.

[0027] The method for detecting the quinoline alkaloid sophocarpine of the present invention comprises identifying sophocarpine in an aqueous solution containing other similar alkaloids such as hydrolyzed arecoline, galantamine, atropine sulfate, scopolamine, pilocarpine, cytisine, leonurine and monocrotaline.

[0028] The three-dimensional indium organic framework compound of the present invention obtains a yellow block crystal product. Figure 2 As shown, powder X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the obtained crystal diffraction pattern is consistent with the simulated results, indicating that the synthesized product is the indium organic framework compound analyzed by single crystal diffraction. The metal-organic framework material with fluorescence detection function of the present invention can be used to detect sophocarpine. The indium organic framework material with fluorescence detection function has a simple preparation process and mild reaction conditions. As a fluorescent probe, it has the advantages of low detection limit, high sensitivity, and recyclability.

[0029] The present invention has the following advantages and effects:

[0030] 1. The preparation process of indium organic framework materials with fluorescence recognition function is simple and convenient, and the reaction conditions are mild and environmentally friendly;

[0031] 2. Indium organic framework materials with specific fluorescence recognition function can quickly and conveniently detect the content of sophoracarpine in aqueous solution, with a detection limit as low as 7.1×10 -6 mol / L, high sensitivity and can be recycled more than five times. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 The invention discloses a three-dimensional structure of an indium organic framework material with a fluorescence recognition function.

[0033] Figure 2 The present invention discloses a single crystal data simulation of an indium organic framework material with fluorescence recognition function and an X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the sample.

[0034] Figure 3 a is a fluorescence response diagram of an indium organic framework material with fluorescence recognition function disclosed in the present invention to different concentrations of sophocarpine in aqueous solution;

[0035] Figure 3 b is a fitting curve diagram of the response of an indium organic framework material with fluorescence recognition function disclosed in the present invention to the concentration of sophoracarpine in an aqueous solution.

[0036] Figure 4 The present invention discloses a fluorescence response diagram of an indium organic framework material with fluorescence recognition function to sophocarpine in an aqueous solution containing some components in blood.

[0037] Figure 5 The present invention discloses a fluorescence response diagram of an indium organic framework material with fluorescence recognition function to sophocarpine in an aqueous solution containing some interfering alkaloids. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] An indium organic framework material with fluorescence recognition function, characterized in that its chemical formula is {[(CH3)2(NH2)][(In3O)2(PPTA)3(H2O)6[In3(PPTA)3]]·5DMF} n , its three-dimensional structure diagram is as follows Figure 1 As shown. H4PPTA is 4,4',4",4"'-(4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyridine-6,4,2-triyl))tetrabenzoic acid, and the structural formula of H4PPTA is as follows:

[0040] The three-dimensional indium organic framework material with fluorescence detection function is produced by the solvent thermal reaction of 4,4',4",4''-(4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyridine-6,4,2-triyl))tetrabenzoic acid and indium acetate.

[0041] Furthermore, an indium organic framework material with a fluorescence recognition function is provided. The indium organic framework compound with a fluorescence recognition function is a three-dimensional structure compound based on an indium-carboxylic acid chain building unit and contains relatively large one-dimensional channels.

[0042] Structural description: An indium organic framework material with fluorescent recognition function, its chemical formula is {[(CH3)2(NH2)][(In3O)2(PPTA)3(H2O)6[In3(PPTA)3]]·5DMF} n , H4PPTA is 4,4',4",4"'-(4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyridine-6,4,2-triyl))tetrabenzoic acid ligand. The single crystal structure of the metal organic framework material with specific fluorescence recognition function was analyzed, and the analysis showed that the space group of the crystal was monoclinic R-3c. Figure 1As shown in the figure, in an independent structural unit, there are two different coordination modes of In. In1 is 6-coordinated, and the metal In ion is coordinated with 6 oxygen atoms, of which 4 oxygen atoms belong to the carboxyl oxygen in the 4 ligands H4PPTA and 2 oxygen atoms belong to the bridging oxygen. In2 is 8-coordinated, and is coordinated with 8 oxygen atoms, which belong to the hydroxyl oxygen and carbonyl oxygen of the 4 ligands H4PPTA. The ligand H4PPTA coordinates with the metal In ion in two ways. The two different coordination modes are continuously accumulated, and finally form a three-dimensional metal organic framework structure with 3-core In clusters. The indium organic framework material has two types of pores, and the pore size is calculated using Olex2 and diamand software. The size of the larger pore is

[0043] A method for preparing an indium organic framework material with fluorescence recognition function comprises the following steps

[0044] Example 1: Indium acetate and 4,4',4",4"'-(4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyridine-6,4,2-triyl))tetrabenzoic acid are added to a mixture of acetonitrile, hydrochloric acid and N,N-dimethylformamide and stirred evenly. The molar ratio of indium acetate, 4,4',4",4"'-(4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyridine-6,4,2-triyl))tetrabenzoic acid, hydrochloric acid, acetonitrile and N,N-dimethylformamide is (4):(1):(280):(5500):(2400). The mixed solution is placed in a round-bottom glass bottle, sealed in a reaction oven, heated to 60°C for 120 hours, and a yellow block crystal product is obtained, which is an indium organic framework material with fluorescent recognition function.

[0045] Example 2: Indium acetate and 4,4',4",4"'-(4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyridine-6,4,2-triyl))tetrabenzoic acid are added to a mixture of acetonitrile, hydrochloric acid and N,N-dimethylformamide and stirred evenly. The molar ratio of indium acetate, 4,4',4",4"'-(4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyridine-6,4,2-triyl))tetrabenzoic acid, acetonitrile, hydrochloric acid and N,N-dimethylformamide is (6):(1.5):(350):(6000):(2700). The mixed solution is placed in a round-bottom glass bottle, sealed in a reaction oven, heated to 65°C for 96 hours, and a yellow block crystalline product is obtained, which is an indium organic framework material with fluorescent recognition function.

[0046] Example 3: Indium acetate and 4,4',4",4"'-(4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyridine-6,4,2-triyl))tetrabenzoic acid are added to a mixture of acetonitrile, hydrochloric acid and N,N-dimethylformamide and stirred evenly. The molar ratio of indium acetate, 4,4',4",4"'-(4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyridine-6,4,2-triyl))tetrabenzoic acid, acetonitrile, hydrochloric acid and N,N-dimethylformamide is (5):(1.2):(325):(5750):(2600). The mixed solution is placed in a round-bottom glass bottle, sealed in a reaction oven, heated to 90°C for 72 hours, and a yellow block crystalline product is obtained, which is an indium organic framework material with fluorescent recognition function.

[0047] Example 4: Indium acetate and 4,4',4",4"'-(4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyridine-6,4,2-triyl))tetrabenzoic acid are added to a mixture of acetonitrile, hydrochloric acid and N,N-dimethylformamide and stirred evenly. The molar ratio of indium acetate, 4,4',4",4"'-(4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyridine-6,4,2-triyl))tetrabenzoic acid, acetonitrile, hydrochloric acid and N,N-dimethylformamide is (5):(1.4):(300):(5500):(2500). The mixed solution is placed in a round-bottom glass bottle, sealed in a reaction oven, heated to 70°C for 108 hours to obtain a yellow block crystalline product, which is an indium organic framework material with fluorescent recognition function.

[0048] Example 5: Indium acetate and 4,4',4",4"'-(4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyridine-6,4,2-triyl))tetrabenzoic acid are added to a mixture of acetonitrile, hydrochloric acid and N,N-dimethylformamide and stirred evenly. The molar ratio of indium acetate, 4,4',4",4"'-(4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyridine-6,4,2-triyl))tetrabenzoic acid, acetonitrile, hydrochloric acid and N,N-dimethylformamide is (5):(1.3):(290):(5600):(2600). The mixed solution is placed in a round-bottom glass bottle, sealed in a reaction oven, heated to 80°C for 84 hours, and a yellow block crystal product is obtained, which is an indium organic framework material with fluorescent recognition function.

[0049] As attached Figure 2 As shown, the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) pattern of the synthesized sample is consistent with the simulated XRD pattern obtained by single crystal simulation, indicating that the synthesized material is a compound obtained by single crystal analysis and has a high phase purity.

[0050] An indium organic framework material with specific fluorescence recognition is used for the detection of sophoracarpine in aqueous solution.

[0051] First, 1 mg of an indium organic framework compound with fluorescence recognition function was weighed and dispersed in 2.95 ml of distilled water. Its emission spectrum was measured and found to have maximum emission wavelengths of 380 nm and 480 nm. Then, 0.05 mL of a 0-559.8 μmol / L sophoracarpine solution was added to the aqueous phase in which the indium organic framework compound was dispersed, and the changes in fluorescence intensity at 380 nm and 480 nm were measured, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 3 As shown in Figure a, it was found that as the concentration of sophoracarpine increased from 0 to 559.8 μmol / L, the fluorescence intensity of the signal peak at 380 nm gradually increased, while the signal peak at 480 nm decreased. Figure 3 As shown in Figure b, the fluorescence signal intensity of the detected substance sophocarpine maintains a good linear relationship with the concentration of sophocarpine in the low concentration range (0-60 μmol / L). The mathematical relationship between the fluorescence signal intensity of the indium organic framework and the concentration of the sophocarpine solution can be expressed as I0 / I=1.0142-0.00529C. The relationship between I0 and I conforms to the Stern-Volmer (SV) equation (where Ksv is the quenching constant, C is the concentration of the analyte sophocarpine, I is the fluorescence intensity at 380 nm after adding the sophocarpine solution, and I0 is the initial fluorescence intensity when no sophocarpine solution is added). The correlation coefficient R 2 It is 0.9941.

[0052] In order to verify its anti-interference performance in practical applications, some components present in the blood were tested for anti-interference. 0.05 ml of 50 μmol / L aqueous solutions of the following interfering substances were added to 1 mg of an indium organic framework compound with fluorescence recognition function in 2.95 ml of water: NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, KCl, K2SO4, KHCO3, Zn(NO3)2, glucose, and creatinine, and the fluorescence changes of the signal peak at 380 nm were measured. Figure 4 As shown, it was found that these interfering substances had little effect on the change of the fluorescence signal peak, while the change of the fluorescence signal after adding sophoracarpine was much greater than that of the same amount of other interfering aqueous solutions, indicating that the indium organic framework probe has good anti-interference ability.

[0053] The effects of other common alkaloids on the fluorescent probe were further verified. In 2.95 ml of water containing 1 mg of an indium organic framework compound with fluorescence recognition function, 0.05 ml of 50 μmol / L aqueous solutions of the following alkaloids were added: hydrolyzed arecoline, galantamine, atropine sulfate, scopolamine, pilocarpine, cytisine, leonurine, and monocrotaline, and the fluorescence changes of the signal peak at 380 nm were measured. Figure 5As shown in the figure, it was found that the influence of these alkaloid interfering substances on the fluorescence signal peak was much lower than that of an equal amount of sophoracarpine aqueous solution, indicating that the indium organic framework probe also has good anti-interference ability to alkaloids.

[0054] The present invention prepares a three-dimensional indium organic framework probe material that can conveniently, efficiently, and quickly detect sophocarpine through fluorescence recognition, with good interference resistance and sensitivity. This invention can effectively alleviate the problems of current sophocarpine detection methods, such as the cumbersome operation process and the need for expensive equipment.

[0055] The technical solutions disclosed and proposed by the present invention can be implemented by those skilled in the art by drawing on the content of this document and appropriately changing the conditions, routes, and other aspects. Although the methods and preparation techniques of the present invention have been described through preferred embodiments, it is obvious that those skilled in the art can modify or recombine the methods and technical routes described herein without departing from the content, spirit, and scope of the present invention to achieve the ultimate preparation technology. It is particularly important to point out that all similar substitutions and modifications that are obvious to those skilled in the art are considered to be included in the spirit, scope, and content of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional indium organic framework compound, characterized in that: Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the compound has an R-3c space group and an independent structural unit of {[(CH3)2(NH2)][(In3O)2(PPTA)3(H2O)6[In3(PPTA)3]]·5DMF}. Within each independent structural unit, there are two different coordination modes of In. In1 is hexacoordinated, with the metal In ion coordinated to six oxygen atoms, four of which belong to the carboxyl oxygens and two to the bridging oxygens of the four H4PPTA ligands. In2 is octacoordinated, with eight oxygen atoms coordinated to the hydroxyl oxygen and carbonyl oxygen of the four H4PPTA ligands. The H4PPTA ligand coordinates with the metal In ion in two ways, and the two different coordination modes accumulate continuously, ultimately forming a three-dimensional metal-organic framework structure {[(CH3)2(NH2)][(In3O)2(PPTA)3(H2O)6[In3(PPTA)3]]·5DMF} with a trinuclear In cluster. n ; Wherein PPTA is 4,4',4",4"'-(4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyridine-6,4,2-triyl))tetrabenzoic acid.

2. The method for synthesizing the three-dimensional indium organic framework compound according to claim 1, wherein: The following steps are involved: (1) Indium acetate and 4,4',4",4'-(4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyridine-6,4,2-triyl))tetrabenzoic acid were added to a mixture of acetonitrile, hydrochloric acid and N,N-dimethylformamide and stirred evenly; (2) The mixed solution obtained in step (1) is placed in a reactor, sealed in a reaction oven, heated to 60-90° C., and the reaction is continued to obtain a yellow block crystalline product.

3. The method for synthesizing a three-dimensional indium organic framework compound as claimed in claim 2, wherein: In the step (1), the molar ratio of indium acetate, 4,4',4",4"'-(4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyridine-6,4,2-triyl))tetrabenzoic acid, hydrochloric acid, acetonitrile and N,N-dimethylformamide is (4-6):(1-1.5):(280-350):(5500-6000):(2400-2700).

4. The method for synthesizing a three-dimensional indium organic framework compound as claimed in claim 2, wherein: In the step (2), the mixture is heated to 60-90° C. and the reaction is continued for 72-120 hours.

5. The three-dimensional indium organic framework compound according to claim 1 is used to detect the quinoline alkaloid sophoracarpine.

6. The method for detecting quinoline alkaloid sophoracarpine using the three-dimensional indium organic framework compound according to claim 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) ultrasonically dispersing the three-dimensional indium organic framework compound in an aqueous solution, testing its fluorescence, and obtaining the recognition effect of the three-dimensional indium organic framework compound with specific fluorescence recognition function on sophocarpine based on the change in fluorescence intensity after adding sophocarpine; (2) Adding different amounts of sophoracarpine aqueous solution to the aqueous solution of the three-dimensional indium organic framework compound with fluorescence recognition function using a pipette to test its fluorescence intensity; fitting the obtained data to obtain the quantitative relationship and detection limit of the three-dimensional indium organic framework compound with fluorescence recognition function for sophoracarpine in the aqueous solution.

7. The method for detecting quinoline alkaloid sophoracarpine using the three-dimensional indium organic framework compound according to claim 5, characterized in that: Using 290nm as the excitation light, different ion solutions with different contents are added to an aqueous solution of a three-dimensional indium organic framework compound with fluorescence recognition function using a pipette, and its initial fluorescence intensity is measured. Subsequently, different sophoracarpine aqueous solutions with different contents are added using a pipette, and its fluorescence intensity is tested. Sophoracarpine is identified in the aqueous solution based on the change in fluorescence intensity; the different ion solutions include NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, KCl, K2SO4, KHCO3, and Zn(NO3)2.

8. The method for detecting quinoline alkaloid sophoracarpine according to claim 6, wherein: This includes the identification of sophoracarpine in aqueous solutions containing hydrolyzed arecoline, galantamine, atropine sulfate, scopolamine, pilocarpine, cytisine, leonurine, and monocrotaline.

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