Method for mining and discharging coal in cold open pit

Abstract

The application provides a mining and discharging method for an open-pit coal mine in a cold region, which comprises the following steps: in spring, mining along the advancing direction, and transporting the stripped materials to an inner dumping site through end slopes on both sides of the open-pit coal mine; in summer, mining along the advancing direction, and transporting the stripped materials of the lowest working slope to the inner dumping site through the middle bridge at the bottom of the pit, and transporting other stripped materials to the inner dumping site through the end slopes on both sides; in autumn, mining along the advancing direction, and transporting the stripped materials of the lowest working slope to the inner dumping site through the middle bridge at the bottom of the pit, and transporting other stripped materials to the inner dumping site through the end slopes on both sides, increasing the mining amount in autumn, and reserving the working amount in winter; in winter, mining the end slopes, transporting the stripped materials of the lowest working slope to the inner dumping site through the middle bridge at the bottom of the pit, and transporting other stripped materials to the space after the mining of the end slopes to complete the pressure support. The method realizes the maximum recovery of the end slope coal resources and the efficient mining of the open-pit coal mine.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of open coal mining, in particular to a mining and discharging method for open coal mine in cold region. BACKGROUND

[0002] Open mining is one of the main mining methods of coal resources in China, and a large number of open coal mines in China are distributed in alpine regions. The main reason affecting the recovery rate of open coal mine is the coal under the end slope. Due to the requirement of slope stability, each step on both sides of the end slope of the open coal mine needs to consider the stability of the end slope while ensuring the transportation function, which jointly determines the shape and composition of the end slope. According to the different thickness of coal seam, one or more transportation channels are often left in the lowermost coal step, and the width of a transportation channel is usually 30m. Therefore, it is of great significance to increase the recovery of end slope coal and improve the resource recovery rate of open coal mine. At the same time, due to the enhanced strength of rock-soil body in winter, the cost of blasting and penetration is high, and the effect is poor, resulting in low efficiency of coal mining. Therefore, a method is needed to recover the end slope coal resources to the greatest extent according to the seasonal characteristics of open coal mine, and to timely discharge the end slope and efficiently mine the open coal mine. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application provides a mining and discharging method for open coal mine in cold region, to realize the purpose of recovering end slope coal resources to the greatest extent and efficiently mining open coal mine.

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a mining and discharging method for open coal mine in cold region, comprising:

[0005] S10: In spring, the open coal mine in cold region is mined along the advancing direction, and the stripping materials of the stripping steps of the multiple working slopes of the open coal mine in cold region are transported to the internal dumping site through the end slopes on both sides of the open coal mine in cold region for dumping;

[0006] S20: In summer, the open coal mine in cold region is mined along the advancing direction, and the stripping materials of the lowest working slope stripping step are discharged to the internal dumping site through the middle bridge at the bottom of the pit, and the stripping materials of the other working slope stripping steps are transported to the internal dumping site through the end slopes on both sides for dumping;

[0007] S30: In autumn, the open coal mine in cold region is mined along the advancing direction, the stripping materials of the lowest working slope stripping step are discharged to the internal dumping site through the middle bridge at the bottom of the pit, and the stripping materials of the other working slope stripping steps are transported to the internal dumping site through the end slopes on both sides for dumping, and the mining amount is increased in autumn to reserve the transportation workload in winter;

[0008] S40: In winter, the end slope is mined, the stripping materials of the lowest working slope stripping step are discharged to the internal dumping site through the middle bridge at the bottom of the pit, and the stripping materials of the other working slope stripping steps are transported to the space after the end slope mining through the end slopes on both sides, and the end slope is completed before the next spring.

[0009] Further, in S10, S20 or S30, the stripping material is used to fill the steps of the inner dump, and the inner dump advances with the advance of the cold region open-pit coal mine.

[0010] Further, in S10, S20 or S30, during the filling of the inner dump, the distance between the two sides of the inner dump and the two sides of the end slope is D, D = R + L + A, wherein R is the turning radius of the transport vehicle, L is the length of the transport vehicle, and A is the safety distance of the transport vehicle from the slope bottom line of the inner dump.

[0011] Further, S10 further comprises: performing the striping and mining operations on the cold region open-pit coal mine, and the mined coal is transported from the cold region open-pit coal mine to the ground through the working slope and the ramp of the inner dump, and the coal of the end slope is not mined in spring.

[0012] Further, S20 further comprises: performing the striping and mining operations on the cold region open-pit coal mine, and the mined coal is transported from the cold region open-pit coal mine to the ground through the working slope and the ramp of the inner dump, and the coal of the end slope is not mined in summer.

[0013] Further, S30 further comprises: performing the striping and mining operations on the cold region open-pit coal mine, and the mined coal is transported from the cold region open-pit coal mine to the ground through the working slope and the ramp of the inner dump, and the coal of the end slope is not mined in autumn, and the striping amount of the working slope stripping step is increased.

[0014] Further, the width of the increased striping amount of the working slope stripping step in autumn is L', L' = M / 4, and M is the annual advance degree of the cold region open-pit coal mine.

[0015] Further, at the end of autumn, the striping amount of the working slope stripping step is W, W = 2M × (H + H') × n, wherein M is the annual advance degree of the cold region open-pit coal mine, H is the mining reserved width of the end slope, n is the stripping material loose coefficient of the cold region open-pit coal mine, and H' is the step width of the lowermost part of the end slope.

[0016] Further, S40 further comprises: not performing the striping operation in winter, performing the mining operation, and transporting the stripping material of the end slope and the stripping material of the working slope stripping step into the space formed by the mining of the end slope.

[0017] Further, the mining operation comprises: removing the transport road of the lowermost step of the two sides of the end slope, and mining the lowermost step of the end slope.

[0018] The present invention provides a mining and disposal method for open-pit coal mines in cold regions, comprising: S10: In spring, the open-pit coal mine in cold regions is mined along the advancing direction, and the stripping material from multiple working face stripping steps of the open-pit coal mine is transported to the inner spoil heap via the end walls on both sides of the open-pit coal mine for disposal; S20: In summer, the open-pit coal mine in cold regions is mined along the advancing direction, and the stripping material from the lowest working face stripping step is disposed of to the inner spoil heap via the intermediate bridge at the bottom of the pit, while the stripping material from other working face stripping steps is transported to the inner spoil heap via the end walls on both sides for disposal; S30: In autumn... In the autumn, mining proceeds along the advancing direction in cold-region open-pit coal mines. The stripping material from the lowest working face stripping bench is discharged to the inner spoil heap via the intermediate bridge at the bottom of the pit. The stripping material from other working face stripping benches is transported to the inner spoil heap via the end walls on both sides. Mining volume is increased in autumn to accommodate winter transportation work. S40: In winter, the end walls are mined. The stripping material from the lowest working face stripping bench is discharged to the inner spoil heap via the intermediate bridge at the bottom of the pit. The stripping material from other working face stripping benches is transported to the space after end wall mining. The end walls are then pressed down before the following spring. Using this method, in spring, mining proceeds along the advancing direction, and the stripping material from the working face stripping benches is transported to the inner spoil heap via the end walls on both sides of the cold-region open-pit coal mine. In summer, mining proceeds along the advancing direction, and the stripping material from the lowest working face stripping bench is discharged to the inner spoil heap via the intermediate bridge at the bottom of the pit, shortening the transportation path of the stripping material from the lowest working face stripping bench and saving time. Mining proceeds along the advance direction in autumn, increasing the extraction volume to recover the winter's workload and avoid mining in winter due to the hard rock formations that reduce efficiency. In winter, instead of mining the working sides, mining focuses on the end sides, taking advantage of the hard rock formations that are less prone to collapse. End side mining is maximized during winter, followed by slope protection. This method achieves the goal of maximizing the recovery of end side coal resources and efficiently mining open-pit coal. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 A flowchart of a cold-region open-pit coal mine mining and drainage method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0021] Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the spring mining and stripping layout in a cold-region open-pit coal mine.

[0022] Figure 3 It shows Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the summer mining and stripping layout of an open-pit coal mine in a cold region.

[0023] Figure 4 a plan view of the mining and stripping arrangement of the open-pit coal mine in the cold region in the autumn is shown; Figure 1

[0024] Figure 5 a plan view of the mining and stripping arrangement of the open-pit coal mine in the cold region in the winter is shown. Figure 1

[0025] wherein the above drawings include the following reference signs:

[0026] 1, open-pit coal mine in the cold region; 2, working bank stripping bench; 3, end bank; 4, inner dump; 5, pit bottom middle bridge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative, but not as any limitation on the present application and its application or use. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of the present application.

[0028] As shown in Figures 1 to 5 , the embodiments of the present application provide an open-pit coal mine mining and stripping method in the cold region, comprising:

[0029] S10: in the spring, the open-pit coal mine 1 in the cold region is mined along the advancing direction, and the stripped material of the multiple working bank stripping benches 2 of the open-pit coal mine 1 in the cold region is transported to the inner dump 4 through the end banks 3 on both sides of the open-pit coal mine 1 in the cold region for dumping;

[0030] S20: in the summer, the open-pit coal mine 1 in the cold region is mined along the advancing direction, the stripped material of the lowermost working bank stripping bench 2 is dumped to the inner dump 4 through the pit bottom middle bridge 5, and the stripped material of the other working bank stripping benches 2 is transported to the inner dump 4 through the end banks 3 on both sides for dumping;

[0031] S30: in the autumn, the open-pit coal mine 1 in the cold region is mined along the advancing direction, the stripped material of the lowermost working bank stripping bench 2 is dumped to the inner dump 4 through the pit bottom middle bridge 5, and the stripped material of the other working bank stripping benches 2 is transported to the inner dump 4 through the end banks 3 on both sides for dumping, and the mining amount is increased in the autumn to reserve the transportation workload in the winter;

[0032] ​​S40: In winter, the end slab 3 is mined. The stripping material of the lowest working slab stripping bench 2 is discharged to the inner spoil disposal site 4 through the intermediate bridge 5 at the bottom of the pit. The stripping material of the other working slab stripping benches 2 is transported to the space after the end slab 3 is mined. The end slab 3 is pressed before the spring of the following year.

[0033] Using this method, during spring mining along the advance direction, the stripped material from the working side stripping bench 2 is transported to the inner spoil heap 4 via the end walls 3 on both sides of the open-pit coal mine 1 in cold regions. During summer mining along the advance direction, the stripped material from the lowest working side stripping bench 2 is disposed of to the inner spoil heap 4 via the intermediate bridge 5 at the bottom of the pit, shortening the transportation path of the stripped material from the lowest working side stripping bench 2 and saving time. During autumn mining along the advance direction, the mining volume is increased in autumn to extract the winter's workload, avoiding mining in winter where the hard rock strata cause low mining efficiency. In winter, the working side stripping bench 2 is not mined; instead, the end walls 3 are mined. Taking advantage of the hard rock strata in winter, which are less prone to collapse, the end walls 3 are mined as much as possible during winter, followed by slope protection. This method achieves the goal of maximizing the recovery of end wall coal resources and efficiently mining open-pit coal mines.

[0034] like Figures 2 to 5 As shown, in S10, S20, or S30, the stripped material is used to fill the steps of the inner spoil heap 4, which advances along with the cold-region open-pit coal mine 1. This arrangement ensures that the inner spoil heap 4 advances with the cold-region open-pit coal mine 1, preventing the stripped material from having nowhere to be stored. Using stripped material to fill the inner spoil heap effectively manages the stripped material.

[0035] like Figures 2 to 5 As shown, in S10, S20, or S30, during the filling process of the inner spoil heap 4, the distance between the two sides of the inner spoil heap 4 and the two end walls 3 is D, where D = R + L + A, and R is the turning radius of the transport vehicle, L is the length of the transport vehicle, and A is the safe distance between the transport vehicle and the bottom line of the inner spoil heap 4 slope. This setting leaves sufficient space for end wall mining and sufficient turning distance for transport vehicles, avoiding accidents during transportation and improving the safety of transportation operations.

[0036] In an embodiment of the present invention, S10 further includes: conducting blasting and mining operations at the cold-region open-pit coal mine 1, with the mined coal transported from the cold-region open-pit coal mine 1 to the surface via ramps of the working side and the inner spoil heap 4, and not mining the coal at the end side 3 in spring. This arrangement allows for efficient handling of coal and waste materials by conducting blasting and mining operations at the cold-region open-pit coal mine 1 in spring, transporting coal to the surface via ramps, and transporting stripped materials to the inner spoil heap 4. Since the coal mine is not hard enough in spring, mining is not carried out at the end side 3 to avoid collapse.

[0037] As Figure 3 shown, S20 further comprises: performing the striping and mining operations on the cold region open coal mine 1, the mined coal is transported to the ground from the cold region open coal mine 1 through the slope of the working bank and the internal dump 4, the stripping material is backfilled at the pit bottom of the cold region open coal mine 1 to form the pit bottom intermediate bridge 5, and the coal of the end bank 3 is not mined in summer. In this way, the striping and mining operations are performed on the cold region open coal mine 1 in summer, the coal is transported to the ground through the slope, and the stripping material is transported to the internal dump 4, so that the coal and waste are reasonably disposed. In summer, the temperature is relatively high, the rock stratum of the cold region open coal mine 1 is not frozen, and is not hard enough, so that the coal of the end bank 3 is not mined to avoid collapse.

[0038] As Figure 4 shown, S30 further comprises: performing the striping and mining operations on the cold region open coal mine 1, the mined coal is transported to the ground from the cold region open coal mine 1 through the slope of the working bank and the internal dump 4, the coal of the end bank 3 is not mined in autumn, and the striping amount of the working bank stripping step 2 is increased.

[0039] In this way, the striping and mining operations are performed on the cold region open coal mine 1 in autumn, the coal is transported to the ground through the slope, and the stripping material is transported to the internal dump 4, so that the coal and waste are reasonably disposed. In autumn, the striping amount of the working bank stripping step 2 is increased, and the mining amount in winter is advanced. In autumn, the rock stratum of the cold region open coal mine 1 is not frozen, and is not hard enough, so that the coal of the end bank 3 is not mined to avoid collapse.

[0040] Further, the width of the increased striping amount of the working bank stripping step 2 in autumn is L', L' = M / 4, and M is the annual advancing degree of the cold region open coal mine 1. In this way, the striping amount of the working bank stripping step 2 in autumn is increased by one fourth of the annual advancing degree, the mining amount in winter is advanced, and mining difficulty caused by freezing of the rock stratum in winter is avoided.

[0041] In the embodiment of the present application, at the end of autumn, the striping amount of the working bank stripping step 2 is W, W = 2M×(H+H')×n, wherein M is the annual advancing degree of the cold region open coal mine 1, H is the mining reserved width of the end bank 3, n is the stripping material loose coefficient of the cold region open coal mine 1, and H' is the step width of the lowermost part of the end bank 3.

[0042] In this way, the striping amount prepared in autumn is advanced, which is the stripping material required for timely pressing and internal dumping after mining along the bank in winter. The two times of M×(H+H')×n means that there are two side end banks 3.

[0043] As Figure 5As shown, S40 further comprises: not performing the strip mining operation in winter, performing the coal mining operation, and transporting the stripped material of the end slope 3 and the stripped material of the working slope stripping step 2 to the inner dump 4 and the space formed by the mining of the end slope 3. The stripped material of the working slope stripping step 2 is used for slope pressing, realizing the reuse of waste materials.

[0044] Further, the coal mining operation comprises: removing the transport road of the lowermost step of the two side end slopes 3, and mining the lowermost step of the end slope 3. The lowermost step is removed for slope mining by the transport task of the middle bridge 5 in the pit bottom.

[0045] The preferred embodiments of the application are only used for the purpose of specific description, and are not intended to limit the application. For those skilled in the art, the application can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the application shall be included in the protection scope of the application.

[0046] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only intended to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and it should be understood that, when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in the specification, there is a reference to the presence of a feature, step, operation, device, component and / or combinations thereof.

[0047] The relative arrangement of components and steps, numerical expressions, and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the application, unless otherwise specifically stated. At the same time, it should be understood that the sizes of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in accordance with the actual proportional relationship. The technology, methods and devices known to those skilled in the relevant art can not be discussed in detail, but should be considered as part of the authorized specification, if appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific value should be interpreted as merely exemplary, and not as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments can have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numbers and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0048] In the description of the application, it should be understood that the orientation words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "transverse, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" and the like indicated orientation or position relationship is generally based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, only for the convenience of describing the application and simplifying the description, without making the opposite statement, these orientation words do not indicate and imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of protection of the application; the orientation words "inner, outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the contour of each component.

[0049] For the convenience of description, spatial relative terms such as "over", "above", "upper surface", "upper" and the like can be used herein to describe the spatial position relationship of one device or feature with other devices or features as shown in the drawings. It should be understood that the spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation of the device described in the drawings. For example, if the device in the drawing is inverted, the device described as "above" or "over" other devices or structures will be positioned "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below" orientations. The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein are interpreted accordingly.

[0050] In addition, it should be noted that the use of "first", "second" and the like to define parts has only the purpose of facilitating the distinction of the corresponding parts, and the above words have no special meaning unless otherwise stated, therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of protection of the application.

Claims

1. A method for mining and drainage in open-pit coal mines in cold regions, characterized in that, include: S10: In spring, the open-pit coal mine (1) in the cold region is mined along the advancing direction, and the stripping material of the multiple working side stripping steps (2) of the open-pit coal mine (1) in the cold region is transported to the inner spoil heap (4) through the end side (3) on both sides of the open-pit coal mine (1) in the cold region for disposal; the coal of the end side (3) is not mined in spring. S20: In summer, the open-pit coal mine (1) in the cold region is mined along the advancing direction. The stripped material of the lowest working side stripping step (2) is discharged to the inner spoil heap (4) through the pit bottom intermediate bridge (5). The stripped material of the other working side stripping steps (2) is transported to the inner spoil heap (4) through the end sides (3) on both sides for disposal. In summer, the coal of the end sides (3) is not mined. S30: In autumn, the cold open-pit coal mine (1) is mined along the advancing direction. The stripped material of the lowest working side stripping step (2) is discharged to the inner spoil heap (4) through the pit bottom intermediate bridge (5). The stripped material of the other working side stripping steps (2) is transported to the inner spoil heap (4) through the end walls (3) on both sides for disposal. The mining volume is increased in autumn to reserve the transportation volume for winter. S30 also includes blasting operations for the cold open-pit coal mine (1). At the end of autumn, the blasting volume of the working side stripping step (2) is W, W=2M×(H+H')×n, where M is the annual advance of the cold open-pit coal mine (1), H is the reserved width for mining of the end wall (3), n is the looseness coefficient of the stripped material of the cold open-pit coal mine (1), and H' is the width of the lowest step of the end wall (3). S40: In winter, the end wall (3) is mined, and the stripping material of the lowest working wall stripping step (2) is discharged to the inner spoil dump (4) through the pit bottom intermediate bridge (5). The stripping material of the other working wall stripping steps (2) is transported to the space after the end wall (3) is mined, and the end wall (3) is pressed before the spring of the second year.

2. The method for open-pit coal mining and drainage in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S10, S20 or S30, the stripping material is used to fill the steps of the inner spoil heap (4), which advances as the cold open-pit coal mine (1) advances.

3. The method for open-pit coal mining and drainage in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S10, S20 or S30, during the filling process of the inner spoil heap (4), the distance between the two sides of the inner spoil heap (4) and the two side end walls (3) is D, D = R + L + A, where R is the turning radius of the transport vehicle, L is the length of the transport vehicle, and A is the safe distance between the transport vehicle and the bottom line of the inner spoil heap (4).

4. The method for open-pit coal mining and drainage in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, S10 also includes: carrying out blasting and mining operations in the cold open-pit coal mine (1), and transporting the mined coal from the cold open-pit coal mine (1) to the surface through the ramps of the working side and the inner spoil heap (4).

5. The method for open-pit coal mining and drainage in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, S20 also includes: carrying out blasting and mining operations in the cold open-pit coal mine (1), transporting the mined coal from the cold open-pit coal mine (1) to the ground via the ramps of the working side and the inner spoil heap (4), and backfilling the stripped material at the bottom of the pit in the cold open-pit coal mine (1) to form the intermediate bridge (5) at the bottom of the pit.

6. The method for open-pit coal mining and drainage in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, S30 also includes: carrying out coal mining operations in the cold open-pit coal mine (1), transporting the mined coal from the cold open-pit coal mine (1) to the surface through the ramps of the working side and the inner spoil heap (4), not mining the coal in the end side (3) in autumn, and increasing the amount of blasting in the stripping bench (2) of the working side.

7. The method for open-pit coal mining and drainage in cold regions according to claim 6, characterized in that, In autumn, the width of the penetration and blasting amount of the stripping step (2) of the working side is increased by L', L'=M / 4, and M is the annual advancement of the cold open-pit coal mine (1).

8. The method for open-pit coal mining and drainage in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, S40 also includes: not carrying out blasting operations in winter, carrying out coal mining operations, and transporting the stripping material of the end wall (3) and the stripping material of the working side stripping step (2) to the space formed by the inner spoil heap (4) and the mining of the end wall (3).

9. The method for open-pit coal mining and drainage in cold regions according to claim 8, characterized in that, The coal mining operation includes: dismantling the transport road of the lowest step of the end wall (3) on both sides, and mining the lowest step of the end wall (3).

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