Earth pressure balance shield machine cutterhead monitoring experiment system adaptive to different stratum working conditions

Abstract

This invention discloses an experimental system for monitoring the cutterhead of an earth pressure balance tunnel boring machine (TBM) adapted to different geological conditions. The system includes an experimental platform, multiple support columns, a cutterhead system tunneling mechanism, a cutterhead system propulsion mechanism, a mounting frame, a wireless torque sensor, a torque sensor magnet, a photoelectric speed sensor, and a soil layer simulation mechanism. The system drives the cutterhead by connecting a cutterhead drive shaft and a cutterhead drive servo motor. A servo motor drives the screw conveyor, and a propulsion hydraulic cylinder propels the shield. A first and second loading hydraulic cylinder adjust the pressure within a simulated soil tank to simulate soil layers at different depths in actual engineering projects. The system monitors key parameters of the earth pressure balance TBM cutterhead by incorporating a first earth pressure gauge, a second earth pressure gauge, a torque sensor, a photoelectric speed sensor, a pressure sensor, and a displacement sensor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of testing equipment technology, and in particular to an earth pressure balance shield tunneling machine cutterhead monitoring experimental system adapted to different geological conditions. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, earth pressure balance (EPB) tunnel boring machines (TBMs) operate under harsh conditions, making them prone to cutterhead and tool failures. The EPB cutterhead tunneling system is complex, operating in confined underground spaces, with long construction periods and high failure rates, leading to increased construction costs. While tunneling efficiency is closely related to the choice of cutterhead type, extracting the operating signals of the EPB cutterhead system is difficult in actual engineering projects. Existing EPB TBM experimental systems cannot monitor and collect signals from crucial parameters such as cutterhead torque, thrust, and rotational speed. Therefore, an EPB cutterhead monitoring and experimental system adapted to different geological conditions is needed to fill this gap. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention aims to provide an earth pressure balance shield tunneling machine cutterhead monitoring experimental system that is adaptable to different geological conditions.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] An earth pressure balance shield tunneling machine cutterhead monitoring experimental system adapted to different geological conditions includes an experimental platform, multiple experimental platform support columns, a cutterhead system tunneling mechanism, a cutterhead system propulsion mechanism, a fixing frame, a wireless torque sensor, a torque sensor magnet, a photoelectric speed sensor, and a soil simulation mechanism. The multiple experimental platform support columns are fixed vertically to the bottom of the experimental platform. The cutterhead system tunneling mechanism is located above the experimental platform. The tail end of the cutterhead system tunneling mechanism is connected to the cutterhead system propulsion mechanism, and the front end of the cutterhead system tunneling mechanism is connected to the soil simulation mechanism. A fixing frame is located outside the cutterhead system tunneling mechanism.

[0006] The cutterhead system tunneling mechanism includes a cutterhead, a shield body, a shield body observation window, a cutterhead drive shaft, a screw conveyor, a screw conveyor drive shaft, a cutterhead drive servo motor, a shield body support plate, and a screw conveyor drive servo motor.

[0007] The cutterhead and cutterhead drive shaft are connected by a flange. The cutterhead drive shaft and cutterhead drive servo motor are connected by a coupling. The cutterhead drive servo motor is bolted to the shield support plate. The front end face of the shield support plate is welded and fixed to the rear end face of the shield. The screw conveyor is installed on a screw conveyor fixed bracket inside the shield. The screw conveyor and the screw conveyor drive servo motor are connected by a coupling. The screw conveyor drive servo motor is bolted to a screw conveyor motor seat fixed at the bottom of the rear end inside the shield. A gap is left between the cutterhead and the front end face of the shield.

[0008] The wireless torque sensor is mounted on the cutterhead drive shaft, and a torque sensor magnet is installed after the wireless torque sensor. The wireless torque sensor and the torque sensor magnet work together to monitor the cutterhead torque, cutterhead strain, cutterhead stress and cutterhead speed during the tunneling process.

[0009] A universal bracket is also installed next to the cutter head drive shaft. The top of the universal bracket is attached to the inside of the shield body by a magnetic seat. A photoelectric speed sensor is installed on the universal bracket. The photoelectric speed sensor is used to monitor the rotation speed of the screw conveyor drive shaft or the cutter head.

[0010] Displacement sensors are installed on the shield support plate to monitor the cutterhead excavation process in real time.

[0011] Furthermore, the cutter disc includes a front plate, a rear plate, an outer ring, an inner ring, a flange connecting shaft, a support plate, a support rod, a cutter, a central blade, a tearing blade, and a stirring rod; the inner ring is concentrically arranged inside the outer ring, and multiple front plates are arranged radially along the circumferential direction at the front end between the inner ring and the outer ring, and a rear plate is arranged parallel to the rear end of each front plate. Support plates are arranged on both sides of each front plate and rear plate to fix the front plate and the rear plate on both sides. Several support rods are arranged between two adjacent support plates, and a circular plate is arranged at the front end of the inner ring, with a central blade installed on the front end face of the circular plate;

[0012] Multiple screw holes are provided on the front end face of each front plate, and multiple cutters are installed in the screw holes by bolts. Multiple tearing blades are also installed on the front end face of the front plate, and multiple stirring rods are installed on the rear end face of each rear plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the bottom end of the shield body is provided with an opening, and a slag discharge chamber is set at the opening. The front end of the shield body is provided with a soil chamber isolation plate. The soil chamber isolation plate is provided with a cutterhead drive shaft passage hole and a screw conveyor passage hole. A thrust bearing is installed in the cutterhead drive shaft passage hole, and the cutterhead drive shaft is connected to the thrust bearing. The front end of the screw conveyor is placed in the screw conveyor passage hole. Three second soil pressure gauges are provided on the soil chamber isolation plate. The shield body is also provided with a screw conveyor fixing bracket, and the front end of the screw conveyor is fixed inside the screw conveyor fixing bracket.

[0014] Furthermore, the cutterhead system propulsion mechanism includes four propulsion hydraulic cylinders, a propulsion support plate, a rear support rib, a rear support rib base, and two base support columns. The front ends of the four propulsion hydraulic cylinders are respectively connected to the shield support plate by bolts, and the rear ends of the four propulsion hydraulic cylinders are respectively connected to the propulsion support plate by bolts. The rear support rib is provided at the rear end of the propulsion support plate, and the bottom end of the rear support rib is welded to the rear support rib base. One base support column is welded to each of the left and right ends below the rear support rib base. The rear support rib base is fixed to the rear end of the experimental platform plate. Pressure sensors are installed at the oil inlet and outlet of each propulsion hydraulic cylinder.

[0015] Furthermore, the fixing frame includes 4 long support horizontal columns, 4 short support vertical columns, 8 diagonal support columns, 4 front support plate connecting columns, and a front support plate. The 4 long support horizontal columns are arranged in parallel pairs, and 2 short support vertical columns are vertically fixed between each pair of long support horizontal columns. Diagonal support columns are fixed at the upper and lower ends of each short support vertical column and long support horizontal column. The front ends of each of the 4 long support horizontal columns are connected to a front support plate connecting column via flanges. The front ends of the 4 front support plate connecting columns are fixed to the front support plate, and the rear ends of the 4 long support horizontal columns are fixed to the propulsion support plate. The front support plate has circular holes that match the diameter of the cutter head.

[0016] Furthermore, the soil layer simulation mechanism includes a soil layer simulation soil box, a first loading hydraulic cylinder, a second loading hydraulic cylinder, a fixed plate, three gantry frame support beams, two first support columns, two second support columns, two third support columns, two bearing support sliders, support rods, two soil box pressure-bearing cover plates, a soil box cover plate assembly, stiffening plates, two soil box support blocks, and fixed connection structural components;

[0017] The two first support columns, two second support columns, and two third support columns are symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the experimental platform. A gantry support beam is horizontally mounted on the top of each of the first, second, and third support columns. The upper and lower ends of the first, second, and third support columns are fixed by fixed connecting structures. A fixing plate is fixed above the two gantry support beams. A first loading hydraulic cylinder and a second loading hydraulic cylinder are installed on the fixing plate via flange connections. The bottom ends of the first and second loading hydraulic cylinders are threaded to the soil box pressure-bearing cover plates. The two soil box pressure-bearing cover plates are aligned with the two openings above the soil layer simulation soil box. The soil layer simulation soil box is placed on the two first support columns. The test bench is equipped with a soil simulation box, which is bolted to the top of the test bench and filled with experimental soil. Multiple reinforcing ribs are located at the bottom of the soil simulation box. A soil box support block is installed on the inner side of each of the two second support columns. The two support blocks are fixed to the side walls of the soil simulation box by bolts. A circular hole is located on the rear plate of the soil simulation box, and a soil box cover assembly is installed at this hole. The cover assembly comprises multiple concentric annular rings of different diameters, stacked and connected by bolts. The outermost annular ring is bolted to the soil simulation box. An outwardly protruding annular plate is installed on the inner circumference of the innermost annular ring, and a lip-shaped sealing ring is installed on the inner circumference of the annular plate.

[0018] Furthermore, a bearing support slider is movably mounted on each of the two first support columns, and a support rod is installed between the two bearing support sliders.

[0019] Furthermore, a fixed foot and three diagonal bracing plates are installed at the bottom end of each of the first support columns, each of the second support columns, and each of the third support columns.

[0020] Furthermore, multiple first earth pressure gauges are installed on the side panels and front panel on both sides of the soil simulation box.

[0021] Furthermore, a soil discharge port is provided on the test bench plate below the tunneling mechanism of the cutterhead system. Baffles are provided around the soil discharge port, and inclined plates are installed inside the soil discharge port. A soil collection box is installed below the soil discharge port to collect the soil discharged by the screw conveyor.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] This invention connects the cutterhead drive shaft and the cutterhead drive servo motor, with the cutterhead drive shaft connected to the cutterhead to drive the cutterhead; it also drives the screw conveyor through the screw conveyor servo motor, and propulsion hydraulic cylinders propel the shield body. The soil layer simulation box at the front end of the cutterhead simulates the actual working conditions. The pressure inside the soil layer simulation box is adjusted by the first and second loading hydraulic cylinders to simulate soil layers of different depths in actual engineering.

[0024] This invention utilizes multiple first earth pressure gauges installed on the side panels and front panel of a simulated soil box for different soil types to monitor the pressure inside the simulated soil box in real time; three second earth pressure gauges are installed on the soil chamber isolation plate to monitor the soil pressure changes between the isolation plate and the rear plate; a torque sensor is installed on the cutterhead drive shaft to monitor the cutterhead torque, strain, and rotational speed during tunneling; a photoelectric speed sensor is installed on the universal joint to detect the rotational speed of the screw conveyor drive shaft or the cutterhead; pressure sensors are installed at the inlet and outlet of each propulsion hydraulic cylinder to monitor pressure signals and achieve real-time thrust monitoring of the propulsion system; and a displacement sensor is installed on the shield support plate to monitor the cutterhead tunneling process in real time. Through the installation of various sensors, this invention achieves the simulation and signal acquisition of the tunneling process of the earth pressure balance shield machine cutterhead system. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the earth pressure balance shield tunneling machine cutterhead monitoring experimental system adapted to different geological conditions according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tunneling mechanism of the cutterhead system of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the screw conveyor of the present invention inside the shield body;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter head structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the soil isolation plate installation structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder, propulsion support plate and fixing frame of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the soil layer simulation mechanism of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the soil box cover assembly of the present invention;

[0033] In the diagram: 100, experimental platform plate; 200, experimental platform support column; 101, wireless torque sensor; 102, torque sensor magnet; 103, photoelectric speed sensor; 104, universal bracket; 105, pressure sensor; 106, displacement sensor; 1071, first earth pressure gauge; 1072, second earth pressure gauge;

[0034] 201. Cutterhead; 202. Shield body; 203. Shield body observation window; 204. Cutterhead drive shaft; 205. Screw conveyor; 206. Screw conveyor drive shaft; 207. Cutterhead drive servo motor; 208. Shield body support plate; 209. Screw conveyor drive servo motor; 210. Front plate; 211. Rear plate; 212. Outer ring; 213. Inner ring; 214. Flange connecting shaft; 215. Support plate; 216. Support rod; 217. Cutter; 218. Center cutter; 219. Tearing cutter; 220. Mixing rod; 221. Slag discharge bin; 222. Soil bin isolation plate; 2221. Cutterhead drive shaft through hole; 2222. Screw conveyor through hole; 223. Screw conveyor fixing bracket; 224. Screw conveyor motor base;

[0035] 301. Propulsion hydraulic cylinder; 302. Propulsion support plate; 303. Rear support rib; 304. Rear support rib base; 305. Base support column;

[0036] 401. Soil simulation chamber; 402. First loading hydraulic cylinder; 403. Second loading hydraulic cylinder; 404. Fixing plate; 405. Gantry support beam; 406. First support column; 407. Second support column; 408. Third support column; 409. Fixed anchor; 410. Bearing support slider; 411. Support rod; 412. Soil chamber pressure-bearing cover plate; 413. Soil chamber cover plate assembly; 4131. Circular ring; 4132. Annular plate; 4133. Lip seal; 414. Rib plate; 415. Soil chamber support block; 416. Diagonal tie plate; 417. Fixed connection structure;

[0037] 501. Long support horizontal column; 502. Short support vertical column; 503. Diagonal tie support column; 504. Front support plate connecting column; 505. Front support plate;

[0038] 601. Inclined plate; 602. Slag and soil collection box. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Reference Figures 1-3 An earth pressure balance shield tunneling machine cutterhead monitoring experimental system adapted to different geological conditions includes an experimental platform 100, multiple experimental platform support columns 200, a cutterhead system tunneling mechanism, a cutterhead system propulsion mechanism, a fixing frame, a wireless torque sensor 101, a torque sensor magnet 102, a photoelectric speed sensor 103, and a soil simulation mechanism. The multiple experimental platform support columns 200 are fixed vertically to the bottom of the experimental platform 100. The cutterhead system tunneling mechanism is located above the experimental platform 100. The tail end of the cutterhead system tunneling mechanism is connected to the cutterhead system propulsion mechanism, and the front end of the cutterhead system tunneling mechanism is connected to the soil simulation mechanism. A fixing frame is located outside the cutterhead system tunneling mechanism.

[0041] The cutterhead system tunneling mechanism includes a cutterhead 201, a shield 202, a shield observation window 203, a cutterhead drive shaft 204, a screw conveyor 205, a screw conveyor drive shaft 206, a cutterhead drive servo motor 207, a shield support plate 208, and a screw conveyor drive servo motor 209. The cutterhead 201 and the cutterhead drive shaft 204 are connected by a flange. Different cutterheads 201 with different opening ratios can be replaced on the cutterhead drive shaft 204. The cutterhead drive shaft 204 and the cutterhead drive servo motor 207 are connected by a coupling. The cutterhead drive servo motor 207 is connected to the shield support plate 208. The shield support plate 208 is welded and fixed to the rear end face of the shield 202 using 8 bolts. The screw conveyor 205 is installed on the screw conveyor fixing bracket 223 inside the shield 202. The screw conveyor 205 is connected to the screw conveyor drive servo motor 209 by a coupling. The screw conveyor drive servo motor 209 is bolted to the screw conveyor motor seat 224 fixed at the bottom of the rear end inside the shield 202. A gap is left between the cutter head 201 and the front end face of the shield 202 to ensure that there is no interference between the cutter head 201 and the shield 202 when the cutter head 201 rotates.

[0042] The wireless torque sensor 101 is mounted on the cutterhead drive shaft 204, and a torque sensor magnet 102 is mounted after the wireless torque sensor 101. The wireless torque sensor 101 and the torque sensor magnet 102 work together to monitor the cutterhead torque, cutterhead strain, cutterhead stress and cutterhead speed during the tunneling process.

[0043] A universal bracket 104 is also installed next to the cutter head drive shaft 204. The top of the universal bracket 104 is attached to the inside of the shield body 202 by its own magnetic base. A photoelectric speed sensor 103 is installed on the universal bracket 104. The photoelectric speed sensor 103 is used to monitor the rotational speed of the screw conveyor drive shaft 206 or the cutter head 201. The laser emitted by the photoelectric speed sensor 103 hits the screw conveyor drive shaft 206 to monitor the rotational speed. Alternatively, the position of the photoelectric speed sensor 103 can be changed by adjusting the universal bracket 104, so that the laser hits the cutter head 201 to monitor the rotational speed of the cutter head 201.

[0044] A displacement sensor 106 is installed on the shield support plate 208 to monitor the cutterhead excavation process in real time.

[0045] Reference Figure 4 The cutter head 201 includes a front plate 210, a rear plate 211, an outer ring 212, an inner ring 213, a flange connecting shaft 214, a support plate 215, a support rod 216, a cutter 217, a central cutter 218, a tearing blade 219, and a stirring rod 220. The inner ring 213 is concentrically arranged inside the outer ring 212. Multiple front plates 210 are arranged radially along the circumferential direction at the front end between the inner ring 213 and the outer ring 212. A rear plate 211 is arranged parallel to the rear end of each front plate 210. Support plates 215 are arranged on both sides of each front plate 210 and rear plate 211 to fix the front plate 210 and the rear plate 211 on both sides. Several support rods 216 are arranged between two adjacent support plates 215. A circular plate is provided at the front end of the inner ring 213, and a central cutter 218 is installed on the front end face of the circular plate.

[0046] Multiple screw holes are provided on the front end face of each front plate 210. Multiple cutters 217 are installed in the screw holes by bolts. The size and type of the cutters 217 can be replaced according to the actual working conditions. The installation height of the cutters 217 can be adjusted by installing shims. Multiple tearing blades 219 are also installed on the front end face of the front plate 210. Multiple stirring rods 220 are installed on the rear end face of each rear plate 211 to stir the slag flowing into the cavity between the rear plate 211 of the cutter disc 201 and the soil isolation plate 222 to increase the fluidity of the soil.

[0047] Reference Figure 2 The bottom end of the shield body 202 is provided with an opening, and a slag discharge chamber 221 is provided at the opening. The front interior of the shield body 202 is provided with a soil chamber isolation plate 222. (Refer to...) Figure 5The soil chamber isolation plate 222 has a cutterhead drive shaft passage hole 2221 and a screw conveyor passage hole 2222. Three second soil pressure gauges 1072 are provided on the soil chamber isolation plate 222 to monitor the soil pressure change between the soil chamber isolation plate 222 and the rear plate 211. The shield body 202 is also provided with a screw conveyor fixing bracket 223, and the front end of the screw conveyor 205 is fixed inside the screw conveyor fixing bracket 223.

[0048] The cutterhead system propulsion mechanism includes four propulsion hydraulic cylinders 301, a propulsion support plate 302, a rear support rib 303, a rear support rib base 304, and two base support columns 305. The front ends of the four propulsion hydraulic cylinders 301 are respectively connected to the shield support plate 208 by bolts, and the rear ends of the four propulsion hydraulic cylinders 301 are respectively connected to the propulsion support plate 302 by bolts. The rear support rib 303 is provided at the rear end of the propulsion support plate 302. The bottom end of the rear support rib 303 is welded to the rear support rib base 304. One base support column 305 is welded to each of the left and right ends below the rear support rib base 304. The rear support rib base 304 is fixed to the rear end of the experimental platform plate 100. Pressure sensors 105 are provided at the oil inlet and oil outlet of each propulsion hydraulic cylinder 301.

[0049] Reference Figure 6 The fixing frame includes four long support horizontal columns 501, four short support vertical columns 502, eight diagonal support columns 503, four front support plate connecting columns 504, and a front support plate 505. The four long support horizontal columns 501 are arranged in parallel pairs, and two short support vertical columns 502 are vertically fixed between each pair of long support horizontal columns 501. Diagonal support columns 503 are fixed at the upper and lower ends of each short support column 502 and the long support horizontal column 501. The front ends of the four long support horizontal columns 501 are respectively connected to... The flange is connected to one front support plate connecting column 504. The front ends of four front support plate connecting columns 504 are fixed to the front support plate 505. The rear ends of four long support columns 501 are fixed to the propulsion support plate 302. The four long support columns 501 are respectively fixed to the four corners of the propulsion support plate 302 by welding. The purpose is to make the propulsion hydraulic cylinder 301 receive force evenly when it is pushed forward. The front support plate 505 has a circular hole that matches the diameter of the cutter head 201. The circular hole of the front support plate 505 is concentric with the cutter head 201.

[0050] Reference Figure 7The soil simulation mechanism includes a soil simulation tank 401, a first loading hydraulic cylinder 402, a second loading hydraulic cylinder 403, a fixing plate 404, three gantry support beams 405, two first support columns 406, two second support columns 407, two third support columns 408, two bearing support sliders 410, a support rod 411, two soil tank pressure-bearing cover plates 412, a soil tank cover plate assembly 413, a reinforcing plate 414, two soil tank support blocks 415, and a fixed connection structure 417.

[0051] The two first support columns 406, two second support columns 407, and two third support columns 408 are symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the experimental platform. A gantry support beam 405 is horizontally mounted on the top of each of the first support columns 406, second support columns 407, and third support columns 408. The upper and lower ends of the two first support columns 406, second support columns 407, and third support columns 408 are fixed by fixed connecting structural members 417. A fixing plate 404 is fixed above the two gantry support beams 405. A first loading hydraulic cylinder 402 and a second loading hydraulic cylinder 403 are installed on the fixing plate 404 via flange connections. The bottom ends of the first loading hydraulic cylinder 402 and the second loading hydraulic cylinder 403 are respectively connected to the soil box support. The pressure plate 412 is connected by threads. The two soil box pressure plates 412 are aligned with the two openings above the soil simulation soil box 401. The soil simulation soil box 401 is placed between two first support columns 406, two second support columns 407, and two third support columns 408. The soil simulation soil box 401 is bolted to the experimental platform plate 100. The soil simulation soil box 401 is filled with experimental soil. Multiple stiffening plates 414 are provided at the bottom of the soil simulation soil box 401. One soil box support block 415 is installed on the inner side of each of the two second support columns 407. The two soil box support blocks 415 are fixed to the side wall of the soil simulation soil box 401 by bolts. A round hole is provided on the rear plate of the soil simulation soil box 401. A soil box cover plate assembly 413 is installed at the round hole.

[0052] Reference Figure 8 The soil tank cover assembly 413 includes multiple concentric annular bodies 4131 of different diameters, which are stacked and connected by bolts. The outermost annular body 4131 is bolted to the soil simulation tank 401. An outwardly protruding annular plate 4132 is installed on the inner circumferential surface of the innermost annular body 4131, and a lip-shaped sealing ring 4133 is installed on the inner circumferential surface of the annular plate 4132. This ensures that there is no pressure relief between the cutterhead 201 and the soil simulation tank 401.

[0053] A bearing support slider 410 is movably mounted on each of the two first support columns 406, and a support rod 411 is installed between the two bearing support sliders 410.

[0054] At the bottom end of each of the first support column 406, each of the second support column 407, and each of the third support columns 408, there is a fixed foot 409 and three diagonal tie plates 416.

[0055] Multiple first earth pressure gauges 1071 are installed on the side panels and front panel on both sides of the soil simulation box 401.

[0056] A soil discharge port is provided on the test bench plate 100 below the tunneling mechanism of the cutterhead system. Baffles are provided around the soil discharge port. An inclined plate 601 is installed inside the soil discharge port. A soil collection box 602 is installed below the soil discharge port to collect the soil discharged by the screw conveyor 205.

[0057] During the experiment, the cutterhead drive servo motor 207 and the screw conveyor drive servo motor 209 were activated, driving the cutterhead 201 and the screw conveyor 205 respectively. Four propulsion hydraulic cylinders 301 were started, propelling the shield 202 forward at a uniform speed. The cutterhead 201 and shield 202 moved forward along the axis of the experimental platform 100. The front support plate 505 was pressed tightly against the soil box cover assembly 413. The cutterhead 201 rotated and excavated the soil layer simulating the experimental soil inside the soil box 401. The first loading hydraulic cylinder 402 and the second loading hydraulic cylinder 403 were activated to apply pressure to the experimental soil inside the soil layer simulating the soil box 401. Different loading pressures could simulate strata at different depths. The cutterhead 201 was replaced with cutterheads 201 with different opening ratios and opening forms to simulate the cutterhead 201. Under certain operating conditions, the front support plate 505 is replaced with a front support plate 505 having a circular hole matching the diameter of the cutterhead 201. The annular body 4131, the annular plate 4132, and the lip seal ring 4133 in the soil box cover plate assembly 413 are replaced according to the diameter of the cutterhead 201. The wireless torque sensor 101 is installed on the cutterhead drive shaft 204, and a torque sensor magnet 102 is installed after the wireless torque sensor 101. The wireless torque sensor 101 and the torque sensor magnet 102 work together to monitor the cutterhead torque, cutterhead strain, cutterhead stress, and cutterhead speed of the cutterhead 201 during the tunneling process. Pressure sensors 105 are installed at the oil inlet and oil outlet of each propulsion hydraulic cylinder 301 to collect the thrust signal during the propulsion process of the cutterhead 201. In addition, the present invention also arranges multiple first earth pressure gauges 1071 on the soil simulation box 401 to monitor the changes in soil pressure within the soil simulation box 401, and simultaneously arranges three second earth pressure gauges 1072 on the soil chamber isolation plate 222 to monitor the changes in soil pressure between the soil chamber isolation plate 222 and the rear plate 211. A displacement sensor 106 is installed on the shield support plate 208 to monitor the excavation process of the cutterhead 201 in real time.

[0058] During the tunneling process of the cutterhead 201, the excavated soil passes through the cavity between the cutterhead rear plate 211 and the soil chamber isolation plate 222, and then is discharged from the excavated soil discharge chamber 221 at the bottom of the shield body 202 by the screw conveyor 205, and falls onto the inclined plate 601. Finally, it falls down the inclined plate 601 into the excavated soil collection box 602, completing the collection of excavated soil.

[0059] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A monitoring and experimental system for the cutterhead of an earth pressure balance shield tunneling machine adapted to different geological conditions, characterized in that, The device includes an experimental platform, multiple experimental platform support columns, a cutterhead system tunneling mechanism, a cutterhead system propulsion mechanism, a fixing frame, a wireless torque sensor, a torque sensor magnet, a photoelectric speed sensor, and a soil simulation mechanism. The multiple experimental platform support columns are fixed vertically to the bottom of the experimental platform. The cutterhead system tunneling mechanism is located above the experimental platform. The tail end of the cutterhead system tunneling mechanism is connected to the cutterhead system propulsion mechanism, and the front end of the cutterhead system tunneling mechanism is connected to the soil simulation mechanism. A fixing frame is located outside the cutterhead system tunneling mechanism. The cutterhead system tunneling mechanism includes a cutterhead, a shield body, a shield body observation window, a cutterhead drive shaft, a screw conveyor, a screw conveyor drive shaft, a cutterhead drive servo motor, a shield body support plate, and a screw conveyor drive servo motor. The cutterhead and the cutterhead drive shaft are connected by a flange. The cutterhead drive shaft and the cutterhead drive servo motor are connected by a coupling. The cutterhead drive servo motor is bolted to the shield body support plate. The front end face of the shield body support plate is welded and fixed to the rear end face of the shield body. The screw conveyor is installed on a screw conveyor fixed bracket inside the shield body. The screw conveyor and the screw conveyor drive servo motor are connected by a coupling. The screw conveyor drive servo motor is bolted to a screw conveyor motor seat fixed at the bottom of the rear end inside the shield body. A gap is left between the cutterhead and the front end face of the shield body. The wireless torque sensor is mounted on the cutterhead drive shaft, and a torque sensor magnet is installed after the wireless torque sensor. The wireless torque sensor and the torque sensor magnet work together to monitor the cutterhead torque, cutterhead strain, cutterhead stress and cutterhead speed during the tunneling process. A universal bracket is also installed next to the cutter head drive shaft. The top of the universal bracket is attached to the inside of the shield body by a magnetic seat. A photoelectric speed sensor is installed on the universal bracket. The photoelectric speed sensor is used to monitor the rotation speed of the screw conveyor drive shaft or the cutter head. Displacement sensors are installed on the shield support plate to monitor the cutterhead excavation process in real time.

2. The earth pressure balance shield tunneling machine cutterhead monitoring experimental system adapted to different geological conditions as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cutter head includes a front plate, a rear plate, an outer ring, an inner ring, a flange connecting shaft, a support plate, a support rod, a cutter, a central cutter, a tearing blade, and a stirring rod. The inner ring is concentrically arranged inside the outer ring. Multiple front plates are arranged radially along the circumferential direction at the front end between the inner and outer rings. A rear plate is arranged parallel to the rear end of each front plate. Support plates are arranged on both sides of each front and rear plate to fix the front and rear plates. Several support rods are arranged between two adjacent support plates. A circular plate is arranged at the front end of the inner ring, and a central cutter is installed on the front end face of the circular plate. Multiple screw holes are provided on the front end face of each front plate, and multiple cutters are installed in the screw holes by bolts. Multiple tearing blades are also installed on the front end face of the front plate, and multiple stirring rods are installed on the rear end face of each rear plate.

3. The earth pressure balance shield tunneling machine cutterhead monitoring experimental system adapted to different geological conditions as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the shield body is provided with an opening, and a slag discharge chamber is set at the opening. The front end of the shield body is provided with a soil chamber isolation plate. The soil chamber isolation plate has a cutter head drive shaft passage hole and a screw conveyor passage hole. A thrust bearing is installed in the cutter head drive shaft passage hole, and the cutter head drive shaft is connected to the thrust bearing. The front end of the screw conveyor is placed in the screw conveyor passage hole. Three second soil pressure gauges are provided on the soil chamber isolation plate. The shield body is also provided with a screw conveyor fixing bracket, and the front end of the screw conveyor is fixed inside the screw conveyor fixing bracket.

4. The earth pressure balance shield tunneling machine cutterhead monitoring experimental system adapted to different geological conditions as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cutterhead system propulsion mechanism includes four propulsion hydraulic cylinders, a propulsion support plate, a rear support rib, a rear support rib base, and two base support columns. The front ends of the four propulsion hydraulic cylinders are respectively connected to the shield support plate by bolts, and the rear ends of the four propulsion hydraulic cylinders are respectively connected to the propulsion support plate by bolts. The rear support rib is provided at the rear end of the propulsion support plate, and the bottom end of the rear support rib is welded to the rear support rib base. One base support column is welded to each of the left and right ends below the rear support rib base. The rear support rib base is fixed to the rear end of the experimental platform plate. Pressure sensors are installed at the oil inlet and outlet of each propulsion hydraulic cylinder.

5. The earth pressure balance shield tunneling machine cutterhead monitoring experimental system adapted to different geological conditions as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing frame includes 4 long support horizontal columns, 4 short support vertical columns, 8 diagonal support columns, 4 front support plate connecting columns, and a front support plate. The 4 long support horizontal columns are arranged in pairs parallel to each other. Two short support vertical columns are vertically fixed between each pair of long support horizontal columns. Diagonal support columns are fixed at the upper and lower ends of each short support vertical column and the long support horizontal column. The front ends of each of the 4 long support horizontal columns are connected to a front support plate connecting column via flanges. The front ends of the 4 front support plate connecting columns are fixed to the front support plate, and the rear ends of the 4 long support horizontal columns are fixed to the propulsion support plate. The front support plate has a circular hole matching the diameter of the cutter head.

6. The earth pressure balance shield tunneling machine cutterhead monitoring experimental system adapted to different geological conditions as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The soil simulation mechanism includes a soil simulation tank, a first loading hydraulic cylinder, a second loading hydraulic cylinder, a fixed plate, three gantry support beams, two first support columns, two second support columns, two third support columns, two bearing support sliders, support rods, two soil tank pressure-bearing covers, a soil tank cover assembly, stiffening plates, two soil tank support blocks, and fixed connection structural components. The two first support columns, two second support columns, and two third support columns are symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the experimental platform. A gantry support beam is horizontally mounted on the top of each of the first, second, and third support columns. The upper and lower ends of the first, second, and third support columns are fixed by fixed connecting structures. A fixing plate is fixed above the two gantry support beams. A first loading hydraulic cylinder and a second loading hydraulic cylinder are installed on the fixing plate via flange connections. The bottom ends of the first and second loading hydraulic cylinders are threaded to the soil box pressure-bearing cover plates. The two soil box pressure-bearing cover plates are aligned with the two openings above the soil layer simulation soil box. The soil layer simulation soil box is placed on the two first support columns. The test bench is equipped with a soil simulation box, which is bolted to the top of the test bench and filled with experimental soil. Multiple reinforcing ribs are located at the bottom of the soil simulation box. A soil box support block is installed on the inner side of each of the two second support columns. The two support blocks are fixed to the side walls of the soil simulation box by bolts. A circular hole is located on the rear plate of the soil simulation box, and a soil box cover assembly is installed at this hole. The cover assembly comprises multiple concentric annular rings of different diameters, stacked and connected by bolts. The outermost annular ring is bolted to the soil simulation box. An outwardly protruding annular plate is installed on the inner circumference of the innermost annular ring, and a lip-shaped sealing ring is installed on the inner circumference of the annular plate.

7. The earth pressure balance shield tunneling machine cutterhead monitoring experimental system adapted to different geological conditions as described in claim 6, characterized in that, A bearing support slider is movably mounted on each of the two first support columns, and a support rod is installed between the two bearing support sliders.

8. The earth pressure balance shield tunneling machine cutterhead monitoring experimental system adapted to different geological conditions as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Each of the first support column, each of the second support column, and each of the third support columns is equipped with a fixed foot and three diagonal tie plates at its bottom end.

9. The earth pressure balance shield tunneling machine cutterhead monitoring experimental system adapted to different geological conditions as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Multiple first earth pressure gauges are installed on the side panels and front panel on both sides of the soil simulation box.

10. The earth pressure balance shield tunneling machine cutterhead monitoring experimental system adapted to different geological conditions as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A slag outlet is provided on the test bench plate below the tunneling mechanism of the cutterhead system. Baffles are provided around the slag outlet, and an inclined plate is installed inside the slag outlet. A slag collection box is installed below the slag outlet to collect the slag discharged by the screw conveyor.

Images