Base station antenna

Abstract

A base station antenna includes a feeding mechanism and at least one antenna module, each antenna module includes at least two antenna units, each antenna unit has a first sub-radiation phase slope; in each antenna module: at least two antenna units have different first sub-radiation phase slopes, and each antenna unit is connected to the feeding mechanism via a one-to-one corresponding feeder line, and the feeder line has a second sub-radiation phase slope; each pair of one-to-one corresponding antenna units and feeders forms a radiating unit, and the radiation phase slope of each radiating unit is the sum of the first sub-radiation phase slope and the second sub-radiation phase slope; the difference between the radiation phase slopes of the radiating units in each antenna module meets a first preset value. The antenna base station provided in this application can streamline and shorten the length of a specific feed network line, and while ensuring normal radiation of the antenna base station, achieve the purpose of simplifying the routing layout of the feed network within the antenna and reducing the feed network loss.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a base station antenna. Background Art

[0002] Base station antennas are a critical component of wireless communication systems, and their performance directly determines the communication quality of wireless systems. In many base station antennas, especially those with massive multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) technology, antenna elements are fed vertically using a 1-to-N power splitter, forming a 1-to-N module. This 1-to-N module contains N identical antenna elements, each with a consistent radiation phase slope.

[0003] To ensure normal radiation from the base station antenna, the radiation phase of each antenna unit must satisfy a certain relationship, that is, the feeder lengths from the 1toN power splitter input port to each antenna unit must satisfy a certain relationship (equal length, linearly increasing or linearly decreasing). However, in actual layout, since the positions of the antenna units from the power splitter input port are inconsistent, in order to meet the relationship between the feeder lengths, the feeder length connected to the antenna unit close to the power splitter input port must be extended to the same length as the feeder length connected to the antenna unit far from the power splitter input port. This will make feeder layout difficult and increase the loss of the feed network. The so-called feed network is a network composed of many feeder layouts.

[0004] Therefore, how to simplify the routing layout of the feeder inside the base station antenna and reduce the feed network loss while ensuring the normal radiation of the base station antenna is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides a base station antenna that can simplify the routing layout of the feeder inside the base station antenna and reduce the loss of the feed network while ensuring normal radiation of the base station antenna.

[0006] The present application provides an antenna base station, which includes a feeding mechanism and at least one antenna module, each antenna module includes at least two antenna units, each antenna unit has a first sub-radiation phase slope, and in each antenna unit: each antenna unit is connected to the feeding mechanism through a one-to-one corresponding feeder line, and each feeder line has a second sub-radiation phase slope. Specifically, each pair of one-to-one corresponding antenna units and feeders forms a radiating unit, and each radiating unit has a radiation phase slope, which is equal to the sum of the first sub-radiation phase slope of the antenna unit and the second sub-radiation phase slope of the feeder line corresponding to it. It should be understood that the difference between the radiation phase slopes between the radiating units in each antenna module can be made to meet the first preset value by adjusting the first sub-radiation phase slopes of different antenna units in the antenna module and adjusting the second sub-radiation phase slope of the feeder line connected to each antenna unit.

[0007] The antenna base station provided by the present application, under the premise of meeting the first preset value, changes the type or form of the antenna unit in the antenna module so that there is a difference between the first sub-radiation phase slopes between the antenna units in the antenna module, thereby making the second sub-radiation phase slopes of the feeder connected to different antenna units different. Based on this, the lengths of the feeders connected to the antenna units in each antenna module can be different. Specifically, the feeders connected to the antenna units close to the feeding mechanism can be set shorter, and the feeders connected to the antenna units far from the feeding mechanism can be set longer. Obviously, the antenna base station provided by the present application can streamline and shorten the feeder line length in a specific feeding network, and achieve the purpose of simplifying the routing layout of the feeder in the antenna and reducing the loss of the feeding network while ensuring the normal radiation of the antenna base station.

[0008] When setting the antenna units within the antenna module, in a specific implementation method, different types of antenna units can be selected to make the first sub-radiation phase slopes of the antenna units within the antenna module different. Exemplarily, when the antenna module contains only two antenna units, the two antenna units can be selected to be of different types so that the two antenna units have different first sub-radiation phase slopes. In another specific implementation method, the multiple antenna units within the antenna module can be selected to be of the same type, keeping the main body of the antenna unit the same, but setting the director plates and / or radiation arms of the antenna units different, so that the first sub-radiation phase slopes between at least two antenna units are different. When specifically setting antenna units with different first sub-radiation phase slopes in each antenna module: the phase difference value of the antenna units with different first sub-radiation phase slopes at the center frequency point can be set to be greater than or equal to 180°. In addition, each antenna unit in the antenna module can be set to a ±45° dual-polarization antenna to increase the coverage area of ​​the base station antenna.

[0009] It's worth noting that when configuring the antenna module, you can configure whether downtilt exists between antenna elements within the module as needed. Specifically, when the first preset value is 0, there's no difference in the radiation phase slope between the radiating elements, and no downtilt exists between the antenna elements. When the first preset value is greater than 0, there's a difference in the radiation phase slope between the radiating elements, and downtilt exists between the antenna elements. Of course, when the first preset value is greater than 0, the downtilt between the antenna elements can be adjusted by varying the first preset value.

[0010] When setting up a feeding mechanism, power feeding can be performed through a variety of structures, including at least the following methods:

[0011] Method 1: The feeding mechanism includes a feeding port, and the antenna units in the antenna module are connected to the feeding port via feeding lines corresponding to the antenna units on a one-to-one basis.

[0012] Specifically, under the premise that the difference between the radiation phase slopes of the radiation units formed by the antenna units and their corresponding feeder lines meets the first preset value, the antenna unit structure in the antenna module can be adjusted so that there are differences between the first sub-radiation phase slopes of the antenna units, so that the second sub-radiation phase slopes between the feeder lines can be different. Based on this, antenna units at different positions from the feed port can be connected by feeder lines of different lengths, thereby streamlining and shortening the feeder line length in a specific feeding network. For example, the antenna unit closer to the feed port uses a shorter feeder line to connect to the feed port; the antenna unit farther away from the feed port uses a longer feeder line to connect to the feed port.

[0013] By adopting the structure in the first method, the routing layout of the feeder inside the antenna can be simplified and the feed network loss can be reduced while ensuring the normal radiation of the antenna base station.

[0014] Method 2: The feeding mechanism includes a feeding port, a phase shifter and a connecting line, wherein: the antenna unit in the antenna module is connected to the feeding port through a feeding line corresponding to the antenna unit one-to-one, the phase shifter is provided with multiple output ports, and the feeding port connected to each antenna module is connected to an output port through a connecting line corresponding to the feeding port one-to-one, and the connecting line has a third self-radiation phase slope. It is worth noting that the output ports connected to each feeding port are different. In each pair of one-to-one corresponding antenna modules and connecting lines: the sum of the radiation phase slopes of each radiating unit in the antenna module forms the module radiation phase slope, and the sum of the module radiation phase slope and the third sub-radiation phase slope forms the total radiation phase slope. And the difference between the total radiation phase slope formed by each antenna module and the connecting line corresponding thereto satisfies the second preset value. It should be understood that the connecting line here is also used as a routing in the feeding network, so that the connection line and the feeding line are expressed differently here.

[0015] Specifically, the length of the connecting wire, the structure of the antenna unit in the antenna module, and the length of the feeder line corresponding to the antenna unit can be adjusted so that the difference in the total radiation phase slope formed by the antenna module and the connecting wire corresponding thereto satisfies the second preset value. Based on this, the lengths between the feeder lines can be different, and the lengths of the connecting wires can also be different, thereby streamlining and shortening the feeder line lengths in a specific feeding network. For example, the antenna module closer to the output port uses a shorter connecting wire to connect to the feed port corresponding to the antenna module one-to-one; the antenna module farther from the output port uses a longer connecting wire to connect to the feed port corresponding to the antenna module one-to-one.

[0016] By adopting the structure in the second method, the routing layout of the feeder inside the antenna can be simplified and the feed network loss can be reduced while ensuring the normal radiation of the antenna base station.

[0017] During specific configuration, you can set whether downtilt exists between antenna modules as needed. Specifically, when the second preset value satisfied by the difference between the total radiation phase slopes is set to 0, there is no downtilt between the antenna modules. When the second preset value satisfied by the difference between the total radiation phase slopes is greater than 0, there is a downtilt between the antenna modules. Of course, when the second preset value is greater than 0, the downtilt between the antenna modules can be adjusted by changing the second preset value.

[0018] For the structures described in Embodiments 1 and 2 above, a dielectric substrate can be provided to support the antenna module. For example, the dielectric substrate has a first surface and a second surface, with the first surface provided with a feed port and the second surface provided with a signal ground layer. The antenna module is provided on the dielectric substrate, and the antenna unit in the antenna module is connected to the signal ground layer. It is worth noting that the feed line is a microstrip line formed on the dielectric substrate, connecting the feed port and the antenna unit to enable signal transmission between the antenna unit and the feed port.

[0019] Method three: the feeding mechanism includes a phase shifter, and the antenna units in the antenna module are connected to an output port of the phase shifter through a feeding line corresponding to the antenna unit, and each antenna unit is connected to a different output port.

[0020] Specifically, under the premise that the difference between the radiation phase slopes of each radiating unit in the antenna module meets the first preset value, the structure of the antenna unit in the antenna module can be adjusted so that there is a difference between the first sub-radiation phase slopes of the antenna unit, so that the second sub-radiation phase slopes between the feed lines can be different. Based on this, antenna units at different positions from the feed port can be connected using feed lines of different lengths, thereby streamlining and shortening the feed line length in a specific feed network. For example, the antenna unit closer to the output port uses a shorter feed line to connect to the output port; the antenna unit farther away from the output port uses a longer feed line to connect to the output port.

[0021] By adopting the structure in the third method, the routing layout of the feeder inside the antenna can be simplified and the feed network loss can be reduced while ensuring the normal radiation of the antenna base station.

[0022] In addition to the above-mentioned embodiments 1, 2, and 3, a reflector can be further provided. Specifically, the reflector is provided on the side of the antenna unit that faces away from the radiation direction of the antenna unit. This supports and secures the antenna module and reflects electromagnetic waves to ensure normal radiation from the antenna unit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a system architecture applicable to an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Diagram of the internal architecture of a base station antenna in the prior art;

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The structure of the base station antenna in the prior art;

[0026] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of a 1to3 module in the antenna array;

[0027] Figure 5 A structural diagram of a base station antenna provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0028] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the partial structure of the antenna module;

[0029] Figure 7 Another structural diagram of the base station antenna provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0030] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna module in the conventional design corresponding to the first embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a single-side polarization antenna module in the structure is shown in FIG.

[0032] Figure 10 To correspond Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the phase slope of the antenna module with a conventional configuration of the medium structure;

[0033] Figure 11 1 is a phase slope diagram corresponding to the antenna module in Example 1 of the present application;

[0034] Figure 12 A structural diagram of a base station antenna provided in Example 2 of the present application;

[0035] Figure 13 for Figure 12 A schematic diagram showing the structure of a single-sided polarization of an antenna module within the structure;

[0036] Figure 14 To correspond Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna module with a conventional arrangement of the structure in FIG.

[0037] Figure 15 To correspond Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the phase slope of the antenna module with a conventional configuration of the medium structure;

[0038] Figure 16 1 is a phase slope diagram corresponding to the antenna module in Example 1 of the present application;

[0039] Figure 17 A structural diagram of a base station antenna provided in Example 3 of the present application;

[0040] Figure 18 This is a phase slope diagram corresponding to the antenna module in Example 3 of the present application;

[0041] Figure 19 This is a structural diagram of the base station antenna provided in Example 4 of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applicable to various communication systems, such as: fifth generation (5G) communication system or new radio (NR) system, 6G communication system, long term evolution (LTE) system, global system of mobile communication (GSM) system, code division multiple access (CDMA) system, wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system, general packet radio service (GPRS) system, LTE time division duplex (TDD) system, universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS), world wide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) communication system, etc., and of course, it can also be other unlicensed frequency band communication systems, without limitation.

[0043] The following will describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments.

[0044] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a system architecture applicable to the embodiment of the present application is shown as an example. Figure 1 As shown, the system architecture may include wireless access network equipment, such as but not limited to Figure 1The base station 001 shown. The wireless access network device can be located in a base station subsystem (BSS), a terrestrial radio access network (UMTS terrestrial radio access network, UTRAN) or an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN), and is used to provide cell coverage of wireless signals to achieve connection between terminal equipment and the radio frequency end of the wireless network. Specifically, the base station 001 can be a base transceiver station (BTS) in a GSM or CDMA system, a base station (NodeB, NB) in a WCDMA system, an evolved base station (evolutional NodeB, eNB or eNodeB) in an LTE system, or a wireless controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario, or the base station 001 can also be a relay station, an access point, an on-board device, a wearable device, a base station in a future 5G network, or a base station in a future evolved PLMN network, etc., and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, a possible structure of the base station 001 may include a base station antenna 01, a transceiver 02, and a baseband processing unit 03. The transceiver 02 may be connected to the antenna port M of the base station antenna 01, so that the base station antenna 01 may receive a transmit signal sent by the transceiver 02 through its antenna port M and radiate it through the radiator of the base station antenna 01, or transmit a receive signal received by the radiator of the base station antenna 01 to the transceiver 02.

[0046] In an implementation, the transceiver 02 may be a remote radio frequency unit (RRU), the baseband processing unit 03 may be a baseband unit (BBU), and the base station antenna 01 is typically integrated with the RRU in the same device, referred to as an active antenna unit (AAU). In this scenario, the BBU may be used to process the baseband signal to be transmitted and transmit it to the RRU, or receive and process the received signal sent by the RRU (i.e., the baseband signal obtained by converting the received RF signal received by the base station antenna 01 during signal reception and then processing it by the RRU). The RRU may convert the baseband signal to be transmitted sent by the baseband unit into a transmit RF signal (including performing necessary signal processing on the baseband signal to be transmitted, such as signal amplification), and then transmit the transmit RF signal to the base station antenna 01 via the antenna port M of the base station antenna 01, which radiates the transmit RF signal. Alternatively, the RRU may also receive the receive RF signal sent by the antenna port M of the base station antenna 01, convert it into a receive baseband signal, and then transmit it to the baseband unit.

[0047] It should be understood that Figure 1 Only the connection relationship between one transceiver 02 and one antenna port M of the base station antenna 01 is illustrated. In other optional implementations, the number of antenna ports M in the base station antenna 01 may be at least two, and the number of transceivers 02 may also be at least two, wherein each antenna port M may be connected to one transceiver 02, and multiple transceivers 02 may be connected to the same baseband processing unit 03.

[0048] Figure 1 A possible deployment scenario of the base station antenna 01 provided in an embodiment of the present application is also exemplified. Figure 1 As shown, the deployment scenario may include a base station antenna 01, a feeder 04, a pole 05, an antenna adjustment bracket 06, a joint seal 07 and a grounding device 08. Among them, the end of the base station antenna 01 close to the antenna port M can be fixedly connected to the pole 05, and the end of the base station antenna 01 away from the antenna port M can be movably connected to the pole 05 through the antenna adjustment bracket 06, so that the position of the base station antenna 01 can be adjusted through the antenna adjustment bracket 06. The feeder 04 led out from the antenna port M of the base station antenna 01 is connected to the transceiver 02, and the feeder 04 can also extend to the grounding pipe to connect to the grounding device 08. Among them, the connection between the antenna port M and the feeder 04, as well as the connection between the feeder 04 and the grounding pipe, can be sealed by the joint seal 07. It should be understood that Figure 1Only the deployment method of the base station antenna 01 including one antenna is shown. In other scenarios, the base station antenna 01 may also include multiple antennas installed around the pole 05. The installation positions of the multiple antennas can be the same or different. When the installation positions are different, the multiple antennas can form different beam coverage ranges.

[0049] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The internal structure diagram of the base station antenna 01 in the prior art. Figure 2 The base station antenna 01 shown contains at least one independent array consisting of one or more radiators 011 and a metal reflector 012, wherein the frequencies of the radiators 011 can be the same or different, and the radiators 011 are usually placed above the metal reflector 012, that is, the metal reflector 012 is arranged on the side of the radiator 011 away from the radiation direction. At least one independent array receives or transmits radio frequency signals through its own feeding network. The feeding network can realize different radiation beam pointing through the transmission components in the transmission component and the calibration network 014, or be connected to the calibration network in the transmission component and the calibration network 014 to obtain the calibration signal required by the system. In addition to the phase shifter 013, the feeding network may also have modules for expanding performance such as a combiner or a filter 015 connected to the antenna port M.

[0050] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The structure of the base station antenna 01 in the prior art can be Figure 3 The dielectric substrate 2' shown in FIG is placed Figure 2 On the metal reflective plate 012 shown in FIG, a plurality of 1 to 3 modules N' are formed on the dielectric substrate 2'. It should be understood that the 1 to 3 module N' includes a plurality of Figure 2 The radiator 011 is shown. In addition, it is worth noting that the dielectric substrate 2' is formed by high-performance plastic injection molding.

[0051] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The structural diagram of a 1to3 module N' is as follows: Figure 4 In the structure shown, a 1to3 module N' specifically includes multiple antenna units formed by patches ( Figure 4 Since the three antenna elements (1a', 1b', 1c') are in the same patch unit form, they have the same first sub-radiation phase slope.

[0052] Please continue to refer to Figure 4In the illustrated structure, the main feed inlet 4' is closer to the left antenna unit 1a' and farther from the rightmost antenna unit 1c'. To ensure consistent feed phases between the three antenna units, the feed line 3' of the leftmost antenna unit 1a' undergoes a certain amount of twisting and turning. Because each 1to3 module N' has limited space within the base station antenna 01, such twisting and turning complicates the layout of the feed line 3' and increases losses in the feed network.

[0053] In view of this, the present application provides a base station antenna, which is used to simplify the routing layout of the feeding network in the base station antenna and reduce the feeding network loss while ensuring normal radiation of the base station antenna.

[0054] The terms used in the following embodiments are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application. As used in the specification and appended claims of this application, the singular expressions "a", "an", "said", "above", "the", and "this" are intended to also include expressions such as "one or more", unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0055] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" in this specification mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with that embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present application. Thus, phrases such as "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," and "in yet other embodiments" appearing in various places in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more but not all embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "including," "comprising," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0056] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0057] Figure 5 The structure diagram of the base station antenna 01 provided in the first embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 5In the structure shown, the base station antenna 01 includes two antenna modules D, a dielectric substrate 2 and a reflector 5, and the two antenna modules D form an antenna linear array. Exemplarily, each antenna module D is specifically a 1to3 module, that is, each antenna module D includes three antenna units. Of course, the antenna module D can also include other numbers of modules, which will not be described in detail here. The above-mentioned dielectric substrate 2 has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is provided with a feed port 4 as a feeding mechanism, and the second surface is provided with a signal ground layer. It is worth noting that the feed port 4 can serve as the main feed port of the 1to3 module. It should be understood that the 1to3 module means that the energy transmitted at the feed port 4 is transmitted to the three antenna units respectively after power distribution. In addition, the base station antenna 01 is not limited to including only two antenna modules D. The two antenna modules D here are only for schematic illustration. Other numbers of antenna modules D can also be set according to needs, which will not be described in detail here.

[0058] like Figure 5 Specifically, the structure shown includes antenna unit 1a, antenna unit 1b, and antenna unit 1c. The three antenna units are fixed to the first surface of dielectric substrate 2. Antenna unit 1a is connected to feed port 4 via feed line 3a, antenna unit 1b is connected to feed port 4 via feed line 3b, and antenna unit 1c is connected to feed port 4 via feed line 3c. Feed lines 3a, 3b, and 3c are microstrip lines formed on dielectric substrate 2. Antenna units 1a, 1b, and 1c are all connected to the signal bottom layer of dielectric substrate 2. A reflector 5 is provided on the side of antenna module D that faces away from the radiation direction of antenna units 1a, 1b, and 1c. This supports and secures antenna module D and reflects electromagnetic waves, ensuring proper radiation from antenna units 1a, 1b, and 1c.

[0059] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the local structure of the antenna module D. Figure 6 In the structure shown, the electromagnetic signal is input from the feed port 4, and after power distribution, it is fed to the antenna unit 1a, antenna unit 1b and antenna unit 1c respectively through the feed line 3a, feed line 3b and feed line 3c according to a certain amplitude and phase, forming a 1to3 module electromagnetic radiation. It should be understood that Figure 6 In the structure, the feed port 4, the feed line 3a, the feed line 3b and the feed line 3c form a feeding network for a monopole of the antenna module D.

[0060] It is worth noting that, since in most base station antennas 01, the antenna units are dual-polarized radiation at ±45°, taking antenna unit 1a as an example, each polarization of antenna unit 1a needs to be connected to a separate feeding network, so the dielectric substrates 2 on both sides of the antenna unit 1a can be provided with symmetrical feeding networks, specifically as follows: Figure 7 shown.

[0061] Basic electromagnetic theory shows that the product of the frequency and wavelength of an electromagnetic wave is a fixed value (the speed of light). This means that higher-frequency electromagnetic waves correspond to shorter wavelengths, while lower-frequency electromagnetic waves correspond to longer wavelengths. For electromagnetic waves of all frequencies, one wavelength corresponds to a 360-degree phase change, and the phase of an electromagnetic wave varies periodically within a range of 0 to 360 degrees. For a fixed-length feeder line, a high-frequency electromagnetic wave travels over a greater number of wavelengths than a low-frequency wave. Therefore, the phase change of a high-frequency electromagnetic wave is greater, meaning that its phase changes more rapidly. This phase change vs. frequency relationship, plotted as a diagonal line, yields the phase slope.

[0062] To more clearly explain the above theory, let's use antenna unit 1a as an example: When feeding power at the root of antenna unit 1a, electromagnetic waves propagate through the structure of antenna unit 1a itself and then radiate into free space. By observing the relationship between the frequency and phase of the electromagnetic waves at a certain point in space, we can obtain the first sub-radiation phase slope of antenna unit 1a. Generally speaking, at the same observation point, when antenna unit 1a is selected within antenna module D, the first sub-radiation phase slope of each antenna unit 1a is the same; when different antenna units 1a and antenna units 1b are selected within antenna module D, the first sub-radiation phase slopes of antenna units 1a and 1b are different.

[0063] Please continue to refer to Figure 6 In the structure shown, among the three antenna units included in the 1to3 module, antenna unit 1a and antenna unit 1c are exactly the same antenna units, but antenna unit 1b is completely different from antenna unit 1a and antenna unit 1c. For example, when setting up antenna module D, it can be set that the phase difference between antenna unit 1a (or antenna unit 1c) and antenna unit 1b at the center frequency is greater than or equal to 180°. Combined with the above analysis, it can be seen that Figure 6 The antenna unit 1a and the antenna unit 1c shown in FIG. 5 have the same first sub-radiation phase slope, while the first sub-radiation phase slope of the antenna unit 1b is different from the first sub-radiation phase slopes of the antenna unit 1a and the antenna unit 1c.

[0064] Figure 6In the structure shown in , the antenna unit 1a and the feed line 3a form a radiating unit, which has a first radiation phase slope, and the first radiation phase slope is equal to the sum of the first sub-radiation phase slope of the antenna unit 1a and the second sub-radiation phase slope of the feed line 3a; similarly, the antenna unit 1b and the feed line 3b form a radiating unit, which has a second radiation phase slope, and the second radiation phase slope is equal to the sum of the first sub-radiation phase slope of the antenna unit 1b and the second sub-radiation phase slope of the feed line 3b; the antenna unit 1c and the feed line 3c form a radiating unit, which has a third radiation phase slope, and the third radiation phase slope is equal to the sum of the first sub-radiation phase slope of the antenna unit 1c and the second sub-radiation phase slope of the feed line 3c.

[0065] Basic knowledge of electromagnetics indicates that to achieve good broadband antenna radiation, the phase slopes of the electromagnetic waves radiated by each radiating element must satisfy a certain relationship. In the first embodiment of the present application, the radiation phase slopes of the radiating elements in antenna module D are configured to have no difference, that is, the difference between the first radiation phase slope, the second radiation phase slope, and the third radiation phase slope is 0 (i.e., the first preset value is 0).

[0066] Since the difference between the first radiation phase slope, the second radiation phase slope and the third radiation phase slope is 0, and Figure 6 The antenna units 1a and 1c shown in FIG have the same first sub-radiation phase slope, while the first sub-radiation phase slope of the antenna unit 1b is different from the first sub-radiation phase slopes of the antenna units 1a and 1, so the second sub-radiation phase slope of the feeder 3b can be different from the second sub-radiation phase slopes corresponding to the feeder 3a and the feeder 3c respectively. Since the length of the feeder affects the second sub-radiation phase slope of the feeder, it can be as follows Figure 6 According to the structure shown in FIG, the length of the feeder line 3b is shortened relative to the lengths of the feeder line 3a and the feeder line 3c.

[0067] Specifically, in the first embodiment of the present application, antenna unit 1b is selected to be a type different from antenna unit 1a and antenna unit 1c. By adjusting the first sub-radiation phase slope of the antenna unit, the second sub-radiation phase slopes corresponding to feeder 3a, feeder 3b, and feeder 3c, respectively, can be different. Through optimized design, in the embodiment of the present application, the first sub-radiation phase slope of antenna unit 1b and the second sub-radiation phase slope of feeder 3b can achieve a complementary effect, that is, it can be ensured that after antenna unit 1b is matched with feeder 3b, its second radiation phase slope is consistent with the first radiation phase slope and the third radiation phase slope, so as to ensure that antenna module D performs normal electromagnetic radiation.

[0068] In order to fully illustrate the difference between the first embodiment of the present application and the prior art and the benefits it brings, Figure 8 The schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna module corresponding to each setting condition in the first embodiment of the present application in conventional design is shown. Figure 9 for Figure 8 The diagram shows the structure of an antenna module D' with unilateral polarization. Figure 8 See also Figure 9 , the antenna module D' includes an antenna unit 1a', an antenna unit 1b' and an antenna unit 1c', wherein the antenna unit 1a', the antenna unit 1b' and the antenna unit 1c' have the same structure. Since the antenna unit 1a', the antenna unit 1b' and the antenna unit 1c' have the same structure, the first sub-radiation phase slopes of the antenna unit 1a', the antenna unit 1b' and the antenna unit 1c' are the same. As mentioned above, in the embodiment of the present application, the first preset value is 0, so the feeder 3a', the feeder 3b' and the feeder 3c' connected to the antenna unit 1a', the antenna unit 1b' and the antenna unit 1c' should also have the same second sub-radiation phase slope, that is, the lengths of the feeder 3a', the feeder 3b' and the feeder 3c' need to remain equal.

[0069] Since the antenna unit 1b' is relatively close to the feed port 4', the feed line 3b' connected to the antenna unit 1b' needs to be wound in a relatively complex manner to meet the constraint condition that the second sub-radiation phase slope of each feed line is consistent. Figure 9 In the structure shown in FIG, the winding operation of the feed line 3b' makes the layout of the feed network more difficult and increases the design complexity of the antenna module. Moreover, since the winding of the feed line 3b' is lengthened, the loss of the feed line 3b' will increase, which will eventually increase the loss of the radiating unit and reduce the radiation efficiency.

[0070] Figure 10 To correspond Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the phase slope of the antenna module D' with conventional settings. Figure 10 The middle phase slash x' is the first sub-radiation phase slope of antenna unit 1a', antenna unit 1b' and antenna unit 1c' (the three coincide), the slash y' is the second sub-radiation phase slope of feed line 3a', feed line 3b' and feed line 3c' (the three strip lines are of equal length and the slashes coincide), and the slash z' is the radiation phase slope of the radiating unit finally formed by the three feed strip lines and three antenna units. The three also completely coincide, indicating that the antenna module D' can radiate normally without a downtilt angle.

[0071] Figure 11 The figure shows the phase slope diagram of the antenna module corresponding to the first embodiment of the present application, that is, Figure 6Phase slope diagram of the structure shown. The oblique line x1 is the first sub-radiation phase slope corresponding to the antenna unit 1a and the antenna unit 1c (since the two are identical, the first sub-radiation phase slope lines of the two coincide), and the oblique line y1 is the second sub-radiation phase slope of the feed line 3a and the feed line 3c (since the two are the same length, the second sub-radiation phase slope lines of the two coincide). It is worth noting that the two oblique lines x1 and y1 are respectively Figure 10 The slash x' and slash y' are consistent.

[0072] Please continue to refer to Figure 11 , the oblique line x2 is the first sub-radiation phase slope corresponding to the antenna unit 1b, and the oblique line y2 is the second sub-radiation phase slope corresponding to the feeder 3b. Figure 11 As can be seen, the slope x2 is below the slope x1, indicating that antenna unit 1b lags significantly behind antenna units 1a and 1c in radiation phase. To compensate for this phase lag, feeder line 3b needs to be shortened, causing its phase to advance compared to feeders 3a and 3c. This results in slope y2 being above slope y1. Through proper optimization, the second radiation phase slope of the radiating element formed by antenna unit 1b and feeder line 3b coincides with the first and third radiation phase slopes, resulting in the three overlapping as slope z, thus ensuring proper radiation from antenna module D.

[0073] From the above analysis, it can be further found that the feed line 3b in the first embodiment of the present application is simplified and shortened. Based on this, the routing layout design of the 1to3 module in the entire base station antenna 01 can be greatly simplified, and the loss of the feed network will be reduced. At the same time, the good radiation characteristics of the antenna module D will not be affected.

[0074] Figure 12 This is a structural diagram of the base station antenna 01 provided in Example 2 of this application. Figure 12 In the structure shown in , two identical antenna modules D form an array element E1 along direction P. Exemplarily, each antenna module D is a 1-to-2 module. Furthermore, along direction O, identical array elements E1, E2, E3, and E4 form an antenna array. It should be understood that the second embodiment is an antenna array that can be used in a MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) antenna system.

[0075] by Figure 12 The antenna array E1 shown in FIG. 1 is illustrated as an example of an antenna module D. Each antenna module D includes an antenna unit 1a and an antenna unit 1b. The antenna unit 1a is connected to a feeder line 3a, and the antenna unit 1b is connected to a feeder line 3b. Figure 5While the structure of Embodiment 1 is shown, Embodiment 2 does not include a dielectric substrate 2, and instead, a reflector 5 is positioned on the side of the antenna module D that faces away from the radiation direction of antenna units 1a and 1b. It should be understood that Embodiment 2 can also include a dielectric substrate 2; however, this is illustrated without the dielectric substrate 2 and will not be further described.

[0076] It is worth noting that, since the dielectric substrate 2 is not provided in the second embodiment, a gap is required between the antenna unit 1a and the reflector 5. For example, the gap value is 1 mm. Of course, this gap value can be changed according to design requirements and is not further described here. Similarly, a gap is also required between the antenna unit 1b and the reflector 5. For example, the gap value is 1 mm. This gap value can be changed according to design requirements and is not further described here.

[0077] Figure 13 for Figure 12 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure in FIG. 3 , specifically, Figure 13 Only the feeding network of the antenna module D monopole is shown. Figure 13 In the illustrated structure, antenna units 1a and 1b are of the same type, exemplarily in the form of a crossed dipole, but their specific structures differ. Specifically, the main body 11a of antenna unit 1a is identical to the main body 11b of antenna unit 1b, but the shape, size, and height of the radiating arms 12a and 12b of antenna unit 1b differ. Furthermore, the structure and shape of the director 13a and 13b of antenna unit 1a also differ. Due to these differences between antenna units 1a and 1b, the phase slope of the first sub-radiation of antenna unit 1a differs from that of the first sub-radiation of antenna unit 1b.

[0078] In the second embodiment of the present application, antenna unit 1a and feeder line 3a form a radiating unit having a first radiation phase slope; antenna unit 1b and feeder line 3b form a radiating unit having a second radiation phase slope. Furthermore, in the second embodiment, the difference between the first radiation phase slope and the second radiation phase slope is set to be non-zero, that is, the first preset value is greater than 0. In other words, compared to the technical solution in the first embodiment of the present application, the phases of antenna unit 1a and antenna unit 1b in the second embodiment of the present application are preset to a fixed tilt angle.

[0079] Under the premise of satisfying the difference between the first radiation phase slope and the second radiation phase slope, due to Figure 13 The first sub-radiation phase slopes of the antenna unit 1a and the antenna unit 1b shown in FIG are different, so the second sub-radiation phase slope of the feeder 3a can be different from the second sub-radiation phase slope of the feeder 3b. Since the length of the feeder affects the second sub-radiation phase slope of the feeder, it can be as follows Figure 13 According to the structure shown in FIG, the length of the feeder line 3a is shortened relative to the feeder line 3b.

[0080] In order to fully illustrate the difference between the second embodiment of the present application and the prior art and the benefits it brings, Figure 14 The conventional design method corresponding to the second embodiment is shown in FIG. In the conventional design, the main body 11a', the radiating arm 12a' and the guide plate 13a' of the antenna unit 1a' are exactly the same as the main body 11b', the radiating arm 12b' and the guide plate 13b' of the antenna unit 1b', and the two have the same first radiation phase slope. Since the antenna unit 1a' and the antenna unit 1b' are at different distances from the main feed port, the feed line 3b' is longer. In order to meet the phase requirement of a fixed tilt angle, the feed line 3a' needs to go through a certain winding to ensure the relative relationship with the feed line 3b', which will make the layout of the feeding network difficult and increase the loss.

[0081] compared to Figure 14 In the structure shown in the figure, the feed line 3a in the second embodiment of the present application is simplified and shortened. Based on this, the routing layout design of the entire 1to2 module can be greatly simplified, and the loss of the feed network will be reduced. At the same time, the good radiation characteristics of the antenna module D will not be affected.

[0082] Figure 15 To correspond Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the phase slope of the antenna module D' conventionally set in the prior art. The slant line x' is the first sub-radiation phase slope of the antenna unit 1a' and the antenna unit 1b' (since the two are the same, the first sub-radiation phase slope lines of the two coincide); the slant line y1' is the second sub-radiation phase slope of the feed line 3a', and the slant line y2' is the second sub-radiation phase slope of the feed line 3b'; the slant line z1' is the first radiation phase slope of the radiation unit ultimately formed by the antenna unit 1a' and the feed line 3a', and the slant line z2' is the second radiation phase slope of the radiation unit ultimately formed by the antenna unit 1b' and the feed line 3b'. Since the first preset value is not 0, the phases of the antenna unit 1a and the antenna unit 1b in the second embodiment of the present application are prefabricated to a fixed inclination angle, so the slant line z1' and the slant line z2' do not coincide.

[0083] It is worth noting that the phase difference between the oblique line z1' and the oblique line z2' is consistent with the phase difference between the oblique line y1' and the oblique line y2'. The entire phase difference makes the final radiated beam have a certain inclination angle.

[0084] Figure 16 This is a phase slope diagram of the antenna module corresponding to the second embodiment of the present application. Figure 16The oblique line x1' is the first sub-radiation phase slope of the antenna unit 1a' in the prior art, and the oblique line y1' is the second sub-radiation phase slope corresponding to the feeder 3a'. Figure 15 The slash x' in the same, the slash y1' is consistent with Figure 15 The slash y1' in is consistent. Figure 16 The oblique line x1 shown in the figure is the first sub-radiation phase slope corresponding to the antenna unit 1a in the second embodiment of the present application, and the oblique line y1 is the second sub-radiation phase slope corresponding to the feed line 3a in the second embodiment of the present application. It can be seen that the radiation phase of the antenna unit 1a is significantly lagging behind that of the antenna unit 1a'. In order to achieve the same radiation effect as the conventional design, the feed line 3a must be ahead of the feed line 3a' in phase, that is, the feed line 3a must be shortened to ensure that the radiation phase slope of the radiation unit formed by the antenna unit 1a and the feed line 3a is consistent with the radiation phase slope of the radiation unit formed by the antenna unit 1a and the feed line 3a', that is, the effect of the oblique line z1', so that the antenna module D can finally radiate according to the preset fixed tilt angle.

[0085] compared to Figure 15 In the structure shown in the figure, the feed line 3a in the second embodiment of the present application is simplified and shortened. Based on this, the routing layout design of the entire 1to2 module can be greatly simplified, and the loss of the feed network will be reduced. At the same time, the good radiation characteristics of the antenna module D will not be affected.

[0086] Of course, you can just set Figure 13 The radiating arm 12a of the antenna unit 1a in the antenna module D is different from the radiating arm 12b of the antenna unit 1b; or, the guide plate 13a of the antenna unit 1a is different from the guide plate 13b of the antenna unit 1b. Since this structure only changes the guide plate or the radiating arm compared with the structure in Example 2 of the present application, it will not be repeated here.

[0087] Figure 17 Provided for Example 3 of this application Figure 1 The structure diagram of the base station antenna 01. Figure 17 The structure shown in the third embodiment of the present application differs from the first embodiment in that it only includes one antenna module D. Exemplarily, the antenna module D includes antenna unit 1a, antenna unit 1b, and antenna unit 1c. It should be understood that antenna module D is not limited to including only the above three antenna units, and this is only an example. In addition, in the third embodiment of the present application, phase shifters 6a and 6b serve as feeding mechanisms to feed the two poles of the above three antenna units. Here, only the feeding structure of phase shifter 6b is shown as an example.

[0088] Please continue to refer to Figure 17Antenna units 1a, 1b, and 1c are located on the front side of reflector 5, and phase shifters 6a and 6b are located on the back side of reflector 5. It should be understood that the "front side" here refers to the side of reflector 5 facing the radiation direction of antenna module D, and the "back side" refers to the side of reflector 5 facing away from the radiation direction of antenna module D.

[0089] Specifically, antenna units 1b and 1c are of the same type, but their radiating arms and director shapes and sizes may differ. Antenna units 1a, 1b, and 1c are of different types, resulting in the three antenna units having different first sub-radiation phase slopes. Phase shifter 6b has output ports 61b, 62b, and 63b. Output port 61b is connected to antenna unit 1a via feeder line 3a, output port 62b is electrically connected to antenna unit 1b via feeder line 3b, and output port 63b is connected to antenna unit 1c via feeder line 3c. Output ports 61b, 62b, and 63b feed the same polarization for all three antenna units, and feeders 3a, 3b, and 3c are coaxial feeders.

[0090] It should be understood that the antenna unit 1a and the feeder 3a form a radiation unit, the antenna unit 1b and the feeder 3b form a radiation unit, and the antenna unit 1c and the feeder 3c form a radiation unit. When the feeding mechanism is a phase shifter 6b, the output phase of the phase shifter 6b can be changed as needed, which means that the radiation units in the antenna module D can be radiated in the manner described in Example 1 of the present application to achieve equal-phase, non-tilt radiation (that is, the first preset value is 0), or, can be radiated in the manner described in Example 2 of the present application to achieve unequal-phase, specific tilt radiation (that is, the first preset value is greater than 0). Exemplarily, the downtilt angle (that is, the first preset value) is set to a range of 0-12 degrees. When the antenna module D is 0 degrees downtilt, the three radiation units in the antenna module D need to have the same radiation phase slope.

[0091] In the traditional design method, three identical antenna units are used, and the feed lines connected to each antenna unit have the same length. In the third embodiment of the present application, antenna unit 1a has different first sub-radiation phase slopes from antenna unit 1b and antenna unit 1c. Under the condition that the radiation phase slopes of each radiation unit are the same, feed line 3a, feed line 3b and feed line 3c can have different second sub-radiation phase slopes. Based on this, in the third embodiment of the present application, the lengths of corresponding feed lines 3a, feed line 3b and feed line 3c can be optimized according to the relative distance between antenna unit 1a, antenna unit 1b and antenna unit 1c and phase shifter 6b. Ultimately, while ensuring normal radiation, the feed network routing layout is simplified to reduce the loss of antenna module D.

[0092] Figure 18 To correspond Figure 17 Phase slope diagram of the structure in the figure. The oblique lines x1, x2 and x3 are the first sub-radiation phase slopes corresponding to antenna unit 1a, antenna unit 1b and antenna unit 1c respectively, and the oblique lines y1, y2 and y3 are the second sub-radiation phase slopes corresponding to feed line 3a, feed line 3b and feed line 3c respectively. In this embodiment 3, the downtilt angle of antenna module D starts from 0 degrees, so it is necessary to make up the first sub-radiation phase slope difference of antenna unit 1a, antenna unit 1b and antenna unit 1c when the angle is 0 degrees, that is, when antenna module D has no downtilt. From Figure 18 As can be seen in the figure, the linear relationship between the slopes x1, x2, and x3 is opposite to that of the slopes y1, y2, and y3. Combining any two of these slopes yields the same phase slope z. This means that three antenna elements with different first-sub-radiation phase slopes, combined with three feeders with different second-sub-radiation phase slopes, ensure that the radiating elements within antenna module D have the same radiation phase slope at 0-degree downtilt. After aligning the phase relationship at 0 degrees, antenna module D can perform normal downtilt radiation when phase shifter 6b is downtilted.

[0093] Figure 19 Provided for Example 4 of this application Figure 1 The structure diagram of the base station antenna 01. Figure 19 The structure shown in the fourth embodiment of the present application is the same as that shown in the Figure 17 Compared with the structure shown in the third embodiment of the present application, there are the following differences: In the fourth embodiment of the present application, there are three antenna modules, namely antenna module D1, antenna module D2, and antenna module D3, wherein the antenna module D1 includes an antenna unit 11a and an antenna unit 11b, the antenna unit 11a is connected to the feed port 41 through a feed line 31a, and the antenna unit 11b is connected to the feed port 41 through a feed line 31b. At the same time, the feed port 41 is connected to the output port 61b of the phase shifter 6b through a connecting line 71b; the antenna module D2 includes an antenna unit 12a and an antenna unit 11b. Unit 12b, antenna unit 12a is connected to feed port 42 via feed line 32a, and antenna unit 12b is connected to feed port 42 via feed line 32b. Feed port 42 is also connected to output port 62b of phase shifter 6b via connecting line 72b. Antenna module D3 includes antenna unit 13a and antenna unit 13b. Antenna unit 13a is connected to feed port 43 via feed line 33a, and antenna unit 13b is connected to feed port 43 via feed line 33b. Feed port 43 is also connected to output port 63b of phase shifter 6b via connecting line 73b. It should be understood that connecting lines 71b, 72b, and 73b are also traces in the feed network and are referred to as connecting lines here to distinguish them from the feed lines.

[0094] Specifically, antenna unit 11a and feeder line 31a form a radiating element having a first radiation phase slope; antenna unit 11b and feeder line 31b form a radiating element having a second radiation phase slope. Antenna module D1 has a first module radiation phase slope, which is equal to the sum of the first and second radiation phase slopes. Similarly, antenna module D2 has a second module radiation phase slope, and antenna module D3 has a third module phase slope.

[0095] In each pair of one-to-one corresponding antenna modules and connecting lines, the sum of the module radiation phase slope of the antenna module and the third sub-radiation phase slope of the connecting line forms a total radiation phase slope. Specifically, the first module phase slope of antenna module D1 and the third sub-radiation phase slope of connecting line 71b form a first total radiation phase slope; the second module phase slope of antenna module D2 and the third sub-radiation phase slope of connecting line 72b form a second total radiation phase slope; the third module phase slope of antenna module D3 and the third sub-radiation phase slope of connecting line 73b form a third total radiation phase slope. It should be understood that when the difference between the first total radiation phase slope, the second total radiation phase slope, and the third total radiation phase slope satisfies the second preset value of 0, there is no downtilt angle between the antenna modules; when the second preset value is greater than 0, there is a downtilt angle between the antenna modules.

[0096] It is worth noting that, provided the second preset value is met, the module radiation phase slope of the antenna module can be adjusted to vary the third radiation phase slope of the connecting line, thereby adjusting the length of the connecting line between the feed port and the output port of the phase shifter. Specifically, the lengths of connecting lines 71b, 72b, and 73b can be optimized based on their relative distance from the phase shifter 6b. Ultimately, this simplifies the feed network routing layout and reduces antenna losses while ensuring normal antenna radiation.

[0097] When adjusting the module radiation phase slope of the antenna module, taking the antenna module D1 as an example, the first sub-radiation phase slope can be changed by adjusting the structure of the antenna unit 11a and the antenna unit 11b, or the second sub-radiation phase slope can be changed by adjusting the length of the feed line 31a and the feed line 31b, so that the first radiation phase slope and the second radiation phase slope change, thereby changing the module radiation phase slope of the antenna module D1.

[0098] The above are only specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A base station antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises a feeding mechanism and at least one antenna module, wherein each of the at least one antenna module comprises at least two antenna units, and each antenna unit has a first sub-radiation phase slope; and in each of the at least one antenna module: At least two of the antenna units have different first sub-radiation phase slopes, and each of the antenna units is connected to the feeding mechanism via a one-to-one corresponding feeder line, wherein the feeder line has a second sub-radiation phase slope; each pair of one-to-one corresponding antenna units and feeders forms a radiating unit, and the radiation phase slope of each radiating unit is the sum of the first sub-radiation phase slope and the second sub-radiation phase slope; The difference between the radiation phase slopes of the radiation units in each of the antenna modules in the at least one antenna module satisfies a first preset value; When the first preset value is 0, there is no difference in the radiation phase slope between the radiation units, and there is no downtilt angle between the antenna units; Alternatively, when the first preset value is greater than 0, there is a difference in the radiation phase slopes between the radiation units, and there is a downtilt angle between the antenna units.

2. The base station antenna according to claim 1, wherein Each of the at least one antenna module includes at least two types of antenna units.

3. The base station antenna according to claim 1, wherein The antenna units included in each of the at least one antenna module are of the same type; Each of the antenna units includes a main body, a guide plate and a radiating arm; the main body of each of the antenna units included in each of the antenna modules in the at least one antenna module is the same, and the guide plates and / or the radiating arms are different.

4. The base station antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The feeding mechanism includes a feeding port, and the antenna units in the antenna module are connected to the feeding port via feeding lines corresponding to the antenna units on a one-to-one basis.

5. The base station antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The feeding mechanism includes a feeding port, a phase shifter and a connecting line, and the antenna units in the antenna module are connected to the feeding port via the feeding lines corresponding thereto one to one; The phase shifter is provided with a plurality of output ports, and a feed port connected to each antenna module in the at least one antenna module is connected to one of the output ports via a connecting line corresponding to the feed port, and each feed port is connected to a different output port; The connecting line has a third sub-radiation phase slope; in each pair of one-to-one corresponding antenna modules and connecting lines: the sum of the radiation phase slopes of each radiating unit in the antenna module forms the module radiation phase slope; the sum of the module radiation phase slope and the third sub-radiation phase slope forms a total radiation phase slope, and the difference between the total radiation phase slopes formed by each antenna module and the connecting line satisfies a second preset value.

6. The base station antenna according to claim 5, wherein: The second preset value is 0; or the second preset value is greater than 0.

7. The base station antenna according to claim 5, wherein: It also includes a dielectric substrate having a first surface and a second surface, the first surface is provided with the feed port, and the second surface is provided with a signal ground layer; the antenna module is provided on the dielectric substrate, and the antenna unit is connected to the signal ground layer.

8. The base station antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The feeding mechanism includes a phase shifter, which is provided with multiple output ports; the antenna units in the antenna module are connected to the output ports via feeding lines corresponding to the antenna units one by one, and the output ports connected to the antenna units in the antenna module are different.

9. The base station antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: A reflector is also included, and the reflector is located on a side of the antenna unit that is away from the radiation direction of the antenna unit.

10. The base station antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: In each of the at least one antenna module, a phase difference value at a center frequency point of antenna units with different first sub-radiation phase slopes is greater than or equal to 180°.

11. The base station antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The antenna unit is a ±45° dual-polarization antenna.

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