Laser cladding alloy material and its application, laser cladding method

Abstract

The application relates to a laser cladding alloy material and application thereof and a laser cladding method. According to mass percentages, the laser cladding alloy material comprises the following components: 12.0wt%-15.0wt% of Cr, 0.01wt%-0.45wt% of Cu, 0-1.0wt% of Mn, 0.5wt%-1.25wt% of Mo, 3.5wt%-5.5wt% of Ni, 0.4wt%-1.0wt% of B, 0-1.2wt% of Si, 0-0.75wt% of V, 0-0.1wt% of W, 0-0.06wt% of C, 0-0.06wt% of inevitable impurity elements and the balance of Fe, and the sum of mass percentages of Mo and Si is less than or equal to 1.7wt%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of laser cladding technology, and in particular to a laser cladding alloy material and its application, and a laser cladding method. Background Technology

[0002] Laser cladding is a process that uses a laser heat source to simultaneously melt and solidify the cladding material and a thin layer on the surface of a substrate, forming a metallurgically bonded cladding layer on the substrate surface. During the rapid cooling and solidification process, the cladding material can form a metastable phase, which can create a cladding layer with good mechanical properties on the substrate surface, resulting in high-strength, high-hardness, and low-toughness metal additives.

[0003] To ensure a longer service life for metal additive manufacturing, traditional techniques often employ heat treatment to control the microstructure and metallographic composition of the cladding layer, thereby enhancing its mechanical properties. However, heat treatment requires consideration of multiple factors, including temperature, time, atmosphere, and cooling method, and these factors interact in complex ways. Therefore, finding suitable post-processing conditions necessitates repeated practical verification, which reduces production efficiency and increases manufacturing costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, the application provides a laser cladding alloy material and its application, as well as a laser cladding method. When this laser cladding alloy material is used to prepare metal additives, it can improve mechanical properties and has high production efficiency.

[0005] A first aspect of this application provides a laser cladding alloy material comprising the following components: 12.0 wt% to 15.0 wt% Cr, 0.01 wt% to 0.45 wt% Cu, 0 to 1.0 wt% Mn, 0.5 wt% to 1.25 wt% Mo, 3.5 wt% to 5.5 wt% Ni, 0.4 wt% to 1.0 wt% B, 0 to 1.2 wt% Si, 0 to 0.75 wt% V, 0 to 0.1 wt% W, 0 to 0.06 wt% C, and 0 to 0.06 wt% unavoidable impurity elements, with the balance being Fe, and the sum of the mass percentages of Mo and Si being ≤1.7 wt%.

[0006] The aforementioned laser cladding alloy material includes Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, B, Si, V, W, and C in specific mass percentages. Among them, Mo and Si can promote the homogenization of the metallographic structure in the cladding layer, inhibit the formation of network ferrite, and enhance the mechanical properties of the cladding layer; B and Mn can improve the slag-forming properties of the laser cladding alloy material, allowing the alloying elements to be fully mixed in the molten state; V and Cu can shorten the time for grain nucleation and growth, achieving the purpose of grain refinement and further improving the mechanical properties of the cladding layer. The synergistic effect of the components can form a smooth, crack-free laser cladding layer with good mechanical properties on the substrate surface. Furthermore, the cladding layer has less network ferrite structure, which can effectively improve the uniformity of the microstructure of the cladding layer when used in the preparation of metal additives, even without heat treatment.

[0007] Therefore, when using the above-mentioned laser cladding alloy materials for laser cladding, the mechanical properties of metal additive manufacturing can be improved while increasing production efficiency.

[0008] In some embodiments, the laser cladding alloy material comprises the following components: 13.0 wt% to 14.5 wt% Cr, 0.01 wt% to 0.32 wt% Cu, 0.1 wt% to 0.85 wt% Mn, 0.5 wt% to 1.1 wt% Mo, 4.0 wt% to 5.15 wt% Ni, 0.5 wt% to 0.85 wt% B, 0.5 wt% to 1.15 wt% Si, 0 to 0.6 wt% V, 0 to 0.05 wt% W, 0 to 0.05 wt% C, and 0 to 0.05 wt% unavoidable impurity elements and the balance Fe.

[0009] In some embodiments, the sum of the mass percentages of Mo and Si is 1.2 wt% to 1.7 wt%, and the sum of the mass percentages of B and Mn is 0.8 wt% to 1.2 wt%.

[0010] In some of these embodiments, the sum of the mass percentages of Mo and Si is 1.5 wt% to 1.7 wt%.

[0011] In some embodiments, the median grain size D of the laser cladding alloy material 50 The range is 45μm to 180μm.

[0012] In some embodiments, the Hall flow rate of the laser cladding alloy material is 3.0 s / 50 g to 4.8 s / 50 g.

[0013] A second aspect of this application provides the application of the laser cladding alloy material of the first aspect in the preparation of metal additives.

[0014] A third aspect of this application provides a laser cladding method, comprising the following steps:

[0015] The laser cladding alloy material described in the first aspect is placed on the surface of a substrate;

[0016] The laser cladding alloy material is laser-fused to the substrate to form a cladding layer on the surface of the substrate.

[0017] In some embodiments, the laser fusion process parameters satisfy at least one of the following (1) to (3):

[0018] (1) The power of the laser is 1400W to 2500W;

[0019] (2) The laser spot diameter is 3mm to 4mm;

[0020] (3) The laser scanning speed is 10 mm / s to 18 mm / s.

[0021] In some embodiments, the laser cladding alloy material is placed on the surface of the substrate using a coaxial powder feeding method, with a powder feeding rate of 10g / min to 15g / min. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the laser cladding alloy material of Example 1.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a macroscopic morphology diagram of the metal additive surface cladding layer in Example 1.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a microscopic morphology image of the metal additive surface cladding layer in Example 1.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a metallographic structure diagram of the metal additive surface cladding layer in Example 1.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the laser cladding alloy material in Example 2.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a macroscopic morphology diagram of the metal additive surface cladding layer in Example 2.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a microscopic morphology image of the metal additive surface cladding layer in Example 2.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a metallographic structure diagram of the metal additive surface cladding layer in Example 2.

[0030] Figure 9 The image shows a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the laser-clad alloy material in Comparative Example 1.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a macroscopic morphology diagram of the metal additive surface cladding layer in Comparative Example 1.

[0032] Figure 11 This is a microscopic morphology image of the metal additive surface cladding layer in Comparative Example 1.

[0033] Figure 12 The image shows the metallographic structure of the metal additive surface cladding layer in Comparative Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings. However, this application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of this application.

[0035] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0036] The weights of the relevant components mentioned in the embodiments of this application can refer not only to the specific content of each component, but also to the proportional relationship between the weights of the components. Therefore, any scaling up or down of the content of the relevant components according to the embodiments of this application is within the scope disclosed in the embodiments of this application. Specifically, the weights mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be well-known units of mass in the chemical industry, such as μg, mg, g, and kg.

[0037] Laser cladding is a metal additive manufacturing process based on the concept of discrete stacking. It involves discretizing a geometric model layer by layer using computer-aided design, and then using computer-aided manufacturing and laser heat sources to produce complex three-dimensional structural parts. The cladding layer formed by laser cladding possesses a metastable phase formed due to rapid cooling. This metastable phase typically gives the material high strength, high hardness, and low toughness. To ensure a long service life for metal additives in service environments, traditional techniques use heat treatment to control the microstructure of the cladding layer, dissolving the ferrite between dendrites, thereby improving the material's mechanical properties and service life. While heat treatment can improve the mechanical properties of metal additives, finding suitable heat treatment conditions requires repeated experimental verification, resulting in high time costs. Specifically, when using heat treatment to modify the laser cladding layer, multiple factors such as temperature, time, atmosphere, and cooling method must be considered. The complex interactions of these factors increase the difficulty of experimental investigation.

[0038] Based on this, the technicians took a different approach, abandoning the traditional approach of improving the mechanical properties of metal additives by controlling heat treatment conditions. Instead, they proposed improving the cladding material. After a large number of creative experiments, this application provides a laser cladding alloy material and a method for cladding treatment using the alloy powder.

[0039] One embodiment of this application provides a laser cladding alloy material comprising the following components: 12.0 wt% to 15.0 wt% Cr, 0.01 wt% to 0.45 wt% Cu, 0 to 1.0 wt% Mn, 0.5 wt% to 1.25 wt% Mo, 3.5 wt% to 5.5 wt% Ni, 0.4 wt% to 1.0 wt% B, 0 to 1.2 wt% Si, 0 to 0.75 wt% V, 0 to 0.1 wt% W, 0 to 0.06 wt% C, 0 to 0.06 wt% unavoidable impurity elements, and the balance being Fe, with the sum of the mass percentages of Mo and Si ≤ 1.7 wt%.

[0040] Cr is a major component of laser cladding alloy materials, capable of forming a dense oxide film that prevents corrosive media from penetrating the cladding matrix, thus improving the material's corrosion resistance. Optionally, the Cr mass percentage can be 12.0 wt%, 12.5 wt%, 13.0 wt%, 13 wt%, 14.0 wt%, 14.5 wt%, or 15.0 wt%. Other suitable selections within the 12.0 wt%–15.0 wt% range are also possible, such as 12.5 wt%–14.8 wt%, 13.2 wt%–14.2 wt%, or 13.3 wt%–13.8 wt%.

[0041] Cu can shorten the time for grain nucleation and growth, thereby refining the grain size. Optionally, the mass percentage of Cu can be 0.01 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.15 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.25 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.35 wt%, 0.4 wt%, or 0.45 wt%. The mass percentage of Cu can also be selected from 0.01 wt% to 0.45 wt%, for example, 0.01 wt% to 0.32 wt%, 0.01 wt% to 0.25 wt%, or 0.015 wt% to 0.035 wt%.

[0042] Mn can improve the slag-forming properties of the molten pool during cladding, thereby enhancing cladding quality and enabling more uniform mixing of the components. Furthermore, Mn can promote the crystallization process of the material, reduce the hardness of the heat-affected zone, and decrease welding deformation and cracking. Optionally, the mass percentage of Mn can be 0, 0.1 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 0.9 wt%, or 1.0 wt%. Other suitable selections of the Mn mass percentage can also be made within the range of 0–1.0 wt%, such as 0.1–0.85 wt%, 0.2 wt%–0.55 wt%, or 0.3 wt%–0.36 wt%.

[0043] Mo can refine grains, improve the hardenability and hot strength of materials, and make the component distribution and microstructure in the cladding layer more uniform. Optionally, the mass percentage of Mo can be 0.5 wt%, 0.55 wt%, 0.65 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 0.75 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 0.85 wt%, 0.9 wt%, 0.95 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.05 wt%, 1.1 wt%, 1.15 wt%, 1.2 wt%, or 1.25 wt%. The mass percentage of Mo can also be other suitable selections within the range of 0.5 wt% to 1.25 wt%, such as 0.52 wt% to 0.106 wt%, 0.54 wt% to 0.83 wt%, or 0.55 wt% to 0.62 wt%.

[0044] Ni is an element that forms and stabilizes austenite in the cladding layer. Combined with a specific mass percentage of Cr, it can better exert its function, improving the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the material. Optionally, the mass percentage of Ni can be 3.5wt%, 3.7wt%, 3.9wt%, 4.0wt%, 4.1wt%, 4.3wt%, 4.5wt%, 4.7wt%, 4.9wt%, 5.0wt%, 5.1wt%, 5.3wt%, or 5.5wt%. Other suitable selections of the Ni mass percentage can also be made within the range of 3.5wt% to 5.5wt%, such as 3.8wt% to 5.2wt%, 4.2wt% to 4.8wt%, or 4.45wt% to 4.6wt%.

[0045] Borosilicate glass (B) can reduce the hardening degree of the heat-affected zone of a material, thereby reducing cracking and increasing its plasticity and toughness. Optionally, the mass percentage of B can be 0.4 wt%, 0.45 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.55 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.65 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 0.75 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 0.85 wt%, 0.9 wt%, 0.95 wt%, or 1.0 wt%. The mass percentage of B can also be selected from 0.4 wt% to 1.0 wt%, for example, 0.45 wt% to 0.9 wt%, 0.48 wt% to 0.82 wt%, or 0.52 wt% to 0.62 wt%.

[0046] Si can improve the strength and corrosion resistance of materials. Optionally, the mass percentage of Si can be 0, 0.1 wt%, 0.15 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.25 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.35 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.45 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.55 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.65 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 0.75 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 0.85 wt%, 0.9 wt%, 0.95 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.05 wt%, 1.1 wt%, 1.15 wt%, or 1.2 wt%. The mass percentage of Si can also be other suitable selections within the range of 0–1.2 wt%, such as 0.45 wt%–1.2 wt%, 0.55 wt%–1.1 wt%, or 0.92 wt%–1.15 wt%.

[0047] V can shorten the time for grain nucleation and growth, thereby refining the grain size. Optionally, the mass percentage of V can be 0, 0.1 wt%, 0.15 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.25 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.35 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.45 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.55 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.65 wt%, 0.7 wt%, or 0.75 wt%. The mass percentage of V can also be selected from 0 to 0.75 wt%, for example, 0.01 wt% to 0.55 wt%, 0.05 wt% to 0.35 wt%, or 0.04 wt% to 0.06 wt%.

[0048] Optionally, the mass percentage of W can be 0, 0.01 wt%, 0.02 wt%, 0.03 wt%, 0.04 wt%, 0.05 wt%, 0.06 wt%, 0.07 wt%, 0.08 wt%, 0.09 wt%, or 0.1 wt%. The mass percentage of W can also be other suitable selections within the range of 0 to 0.1 wt%, such as 0.001 wt% to 0.075 wt%, 0.002 wt% to 0.05 wt%, or 0.001 wt% to 0.004 wt%.

[0049] Optionally, the mass percentage of C can be 0, 0.01 wt%, 0.02 wt%, 0.03 wt%, 0.04 wt%, 0.05 wt%, or 0.06 wt%. The mass percentage of C can also be other suitable selections within the range of 0 to 0.06 wt%, such as 0.001 wt% to 0.05 wt%, 0.002 wt% to 0.03 wt%, or 0.004 wt% to 0.01 wt%.

[0050] Optionally, unavoidable impurity elements include at least one of H, O, S and P; further, the mass percentage of H does not exceed 0.01 wt%, the mass percentage of O does not exceed 0.05 wt%, the mass percentage of S does not exceed 0.02 wt%, the mass percentage of P does not exceed 0.03 wt%, and the total mass percentage of impurity elements does not exceed 0.06 wt%.

[0051] The sum of the mass percentages of Mo and Si is ≤1.7 wt%. A specific mass percentage of Mo and Si can have a synergistic effect, thereby improving the uniformity of the cladding layer structure. However, if the content of both is too high, ferrite will be formed, leading to reduced toughness of the cladding layer and affecting the performance of metal additive manufacturing. Optionally, the sum of the mass percentages of Mo and Si can be 0.5 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 0.9 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.1 wt%, 1.2 wt%, 1.3 wt%, 1.4 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 1.6 wt%, or 1.7 wt%, etc.

[0052] The aforementioned laser cladding alloy material includes Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, B, Si, V, W, and C in specific mass percentages. Among them, Mo and Si can promote the homogenization of the metallographic structure in the cladding layer, inhibit the formation of network ferrite, and enhance the mechanical properties of the cladding layer; B and Mn can improve the slag-forming properties of the laser cladding alloy material, allowing the alloying elements to be fully mixed in the molten state; V and Cu can shorten the time for grain nucleation and growth, achieving the purpose of grain refinement and further improving the mechanical properties of the cladding layer. The synergistic effect of the components can form a smooth, crack-free laser cladding layer with good mechanical properties on the substrate surface. Furthermore, the cladding layer has less network ferrite structure, which can effectively improve the uniformity of the microstructure of the cladding layer when used in the preparation of metal additives, even without heat treatment.

[0053] In some embodiments, the laser cladding alloy material is composed of the following components: 12.0 wt% to 15.0 wt% Cr, 0.01 wt% to 0.45 wt% Cu, 0 to 1.0 wt% Mn, 0.5 wt% to 1.25 wt% Mo, 3.5 wt% to 5.5 wt% Ni, 0.4 wt% to 1.0 wt% B, 0 to 1.2 wt% Si, 0 to 0.75 wt% V, 0 to 0.1 wt% W, 0 to 0.06 wt% C, and 0 to 0.06 wt% unavoidable impurity elements, with the balance being Fe, and the sum of the mass percentages of Mo and Si being ≤1.7 wt%.

[0054] In some embodiments, the laser cladding alloy material comprises the following components: 13.0 wt% to 14.5 wt% Cr, 0.01 wt% to 0.32 wt% Cu, 0.1 wt% to 0.85 wt% Mn, 0.5 wt% to 1.1 wt% Mo, 4.0 wt% to 5.15 wt% Ni, 0.5 wt% to 0.85 wt% B, 0.5 wt% to 1.15 wt% Si, 0 to 0.6 wt% V, 0 to 0.05 wt% W, 0 to 0.05 wt% C, and 0 to 0.05 wt% unavoidable impurity elements and the balance Fe.

[0055] In some embodiments, the laser cladding alloy material comprises the following components: 13.2 wt% to 13.8 wt% Cr, 0.02 wt% to 0.04 wt% Cu, 0.2 wt% to 0.7 wt% Mn, 0.5 wt% to 1.1 wt% Mo, 4.5 wt% to 5.0 wt% Ni, 0.5 wt% to 0.65 wt% B, 0.5 to 1.15 wt% Si, 0.03 wt% to 0.06 wt% V, 0.001 wt% to 0.005 wt% W, 0.03 wt% to 0.05 wt% C, and 0 to 0.05 wt% unavoidable impurity elements and the balance Fe.

[0056] When the mass percentage of each component in the laser cladding alloy material is within the above range, the uniformity of the microstructure of the cladding layer can be further improved, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the resulting metal additive.

[0057] In some embodiments, the sum of the mass percentages of Mo and Si is 1.2 wt% to 1.7 wt%, and the sum of the mass percentages of B and Mn is 0.8 wt% to 1.2 wt%. Understandably, when the content of Mo and Si is reduced, the mechanical properties of the material will decrease slightly. In this case, the content of Mn and B can be appropriately increased to give the material better mechanical properties. Optionally, when the sum of the mass percentages of Mo and Si is 1.2 wt% to 1.7 wt%, the sum of the mass percentages of B and Mn can be 0.8 wt%, 0.85 wt%, 0.9 wt%, 0.95 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.05 wt%, 1.1 wt%, 1.15 wt%, or 1.2 wt%, etc., and the sum of the mass percentages of B and Mn can also be other suitable choices within the range of 0.8 wt% to 1.2 wt%.

[0058] In some embodiments, the sum of the mass percentages of Mo and Si is 1.5 wt% to 1.7 wt%. Specific mass percentages of Mo and Si can have a synergistic effect, thereby improving the uniformity of the cladding layer structure. However, excessively high contents of both, especially excessively high Mo contents, can lead to the formation of ferrite, resulting in reduced toughness and affecting the material's performance. Optionally, the mass percentages of both can be 1.5 wt%, 1.52 wt%, 1.54 wt%, 1.56 wt%, 1.58 wt%, 1.6 wt%, 1.62 wt%, 1.64 wt%, 1.66 wt%, 1.68 wt%, or 1.7 wt%. Other suitable selections of the sum of the mass percentages of Mo and Si within the range of 1.5 wt% to 1.7 wt% are also possible.

[0059] In some embodiments, the median grain size D of the laser cladding alloy material 50The particle size ranges from 45μm to 180μm. Understandably, the particle size of the laser cladding alloy material affects the quality, speed, and precision of the cladding layer formation. Specifically, smaller powder particle sizes melt more easily, resulting in a higher density cladding layer and better forming quality. Larger powder particle sizes require more energy to melt, reducing the forming speed. Furthermore, smaller powder particle sizes result in higher forming precision. Therefore, in actual production, the particle size of the laser cladding alloy material needs to be selected by comprehensively considering the quality, speed, and precision of the cladding process. Optionally, the median particle size D of the laser cladding alloy material... 50 The median grain size D of laser cladding alloy materials is 45μm, 50μm, 60μm, 70μm, 80μm, 90μm, 100μm, 110μm, 120μm, 130μm, 140μm, 150μm, 160μm, 170μm, or 180μm. 50 Other suitable options are also available in the range of 45μm to 180μm, such as 55μm to 165μm, 75μm to 125μm, 85μm to 115μm, or 60μm to 80μm.

[0060] In some embodiments, the Hall flow rate of the laser-clad alloy material is 3.0 s / 50 g to 4.8 s / 50 g. Optionally, the Hall flow rate can be 3.0 s / 50 g, 3.2 s / 50 g, 3.4 s / 50 g, 3.6 s / 50 g, 4.0 s / 50 g, 4.2 s / 50 g, 4.4 s / 50 g, 4.6 s / 50 g, or 4.8 s / 50 g, etc. Other suitable selections can also be made for the Hall flow rate of the laser-clad alloy material within the range of 3.0 s / 50 g to 4.8 s / 50 g.

[0061] Furthermore, this application also provides the application of the above-mentioned laser cladding alloy material in the preparation of metal additives.

[0062] Another embodiment of this application provides a laser cladding method, including the following steps S100 to S200.

[0063] S100. Place any of the above-mentioned laser cladding alloy materials on the surface of the substrate.

[0064] S200: Laser cladding alloy material is laser-fused to a substrate to form a cladding layer on the surface of the substrate.

[0065] In some embodiments, a pretreatment step for the laser cladding alloy material and the substrate is included before step S100. Specifically, the laser cladding alloy material is dried; the substrate is sanded with sandpaper to remove the oxide layer on its surface, followed by cleaning and drying.

[0066] In some embodiments, the substrate includes at least one of austenitic stainless steel, martensitic stainless steel, alloy steel, and carbon steel. Those skilled in the art can select the appropriate substrate based on their specific needs.

[0067] In some embodiments, before step S200, a step of preheating the substrate is included, wherein the preheating temperature is 100°C to 120°C.

[0068] In some embodiments, a continuous fiber laser is used for laser cladding in step S200.

[0069] In some embodiments, the power of the laser in step S200 is 1400W to 2500W. Optionally, the power of the laser can be 1400W, 1500W, 1600W, 1700W, 1800W, 1900W, 2000W, 2100W, 2200W, 2300W, 2400W, or 2500W.

[0070] In some embodiments, the laser spot diameter is 3mm to 4mm. Optionally, the laser spot diameter can be 3mm, 3.1mm, 3.2mm, 3.3mm, 3.4mm, 3.5mm, 3.6mm, 3.7mm, 3.8mm, 3.9mm, or 4mm.

[0071] In some embodiments, the laser scanning speed is 10 mm / s to 18 mm / s. Optionally, the laser scanning speed can be 10 mm / s, 11 mm / s, 12 mm / s, 13 mm / s, 14 mm / s, 15 mm / s, 16 mm / s, 17 mm / s, or 18 mm / s.

[0072] In some embodiments, a single laser scan is followed by a pause of 40 to 70 seconds.

[0073] In some embodiments, the laser cladding alloy material is placed on the substrate surface using a coaxial powder feeding method, with a powder feeding rate of 10 g / min to 15 g / min. Optionally, the powder feeding rate can be 10 g / min, 11 g / min, 12 g / min, 13 g / min, 14 g / min, or 15 g / min.

[0074] In some embodiments, step S200 is performed in an inert atmosphere, with an inert gas flow rate of 10 L / min to 20 L / min.

[0075] The following are specific examples.

[0076] Example 1

[0077] (1) Cladding alloy powder

[0078] The laser cladding alloy material of this embodiment is composed of the following components: 13.34 wt% Cr, 0.031 wt% Cu, 0.315 wt% Mn, 0.57 wt% Mo, 4.61 wt% Ni, 0.52 wt% B, 1.104 wt% Si, 0.041 wt% V, 0.003 wt% W, 0.047 wt% C, 0.00051 wt% H, 0.046 wt% O, and the balance Fe. The median particle size D of the laser cladding alloy material is... 50 The diameter is 71 μm, and the Hall flow rate is 3.67 s / 50 g.

[0079] (2) Laser cladding

[0080] The surface of the GX4CrNi13-4 alloy substrate was sequentially polished using 180#, 220#, 400#, and 800# metallographic sandpaper to remove the surface oxide layer. The polished surface was then cleaned with ethanol, and the ethanol on the substrate surface was subsequently dried. The cladding alloy powder from step (1) was placed in a drying oven and dried at 100°C for 1 hour to remove moisture from the powder.

[0081] The dried cladding alloy powder was fed onto the surface of a GX4CrNi13-4 alloy substrate using a coaxial powder feeding method at a rate of 10.61 g / min. Laser cladding was then performed using a BWT-3000 continuous fiber laser with the following operating parameters: wavelength range 1080±10 nm, output fiber core diameter 50 μm, continuous or modulated operating mode, output power stability less than ±1.5% (2 h), laser power P 1800 W, spot diameter D 3.7 mm, and scanning speed V 10 mm / s. The laser cladding was performed under an argon atmosphere, with argon as the protective gas at a flow rate of 15 L / min. After laser cladding, a metal additive with a cladding layer formed on the surface was obtained.

[0082] Example 2

[0083] The preparation method of Example 2 is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the laser cladding alloy material in this example is composed of the following components: 13.72 wt% Cr, 0.025 wt% Cu, 0.357 wt% Mn, 1.04 wt% Mo, 4.66 wt% Ni, 0.60 wt% B, 0.532 wt% Si, 0.051 wt% V, 0.004 wt% W, 0.048 wt% C, 0.00049 wt% H, 0.048 wt% O, and the balance Fe. The median particle size D of the laser cladding alloy material is also specified. 50 The diameter is 64 μm, and the Hall flow rate is 3.46 s / 50 g.

[0084] Example 3

[0085] The preparation method of Example 3 is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the laser cladding alloy material in this example is composed of the following components: 13.34 wt% Cr, 0.031 wt% Cu, 0.215 wt% Mn, 0.57 wt% Mo, 4.61 wt% Ni, 0.431 wt% B, 1.104 wt% Si, 0.041 wt% V, 0.003 wt% W, 0.047 wt% C, 0.00051 wt% H, 0.046 wt% O, and the balance Fe. The median particle size D of the laser cladding alloy material is also specified. 50 The diameter is 70μm to 75μm, and the Hall flow rate is 3.67s / 50g.

[0086] Example 4

[0087] The preparation method of Example 4 is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the laser cladding alloy material in this example is composed of the following components: 13.34 wt% Cr, 0.031 wt% Cu, 0.681 wt% Mn, 0.57 wt% Mo, 4.61 wt% Ni, 0.431 wt% B, 1.104 wt% Si, 0.041 wt% V, 0.003 wt% W, 0.047 wt% C, 0.00051 wt% H, 0.046 wt% O, and the balance Fe. The median particle size D of the laser cladding alloy material is also specified. 50 The diameter is 71 μm, and the Hall flow rate is 3.67 s / 50 g.

[0088] Example 5

[0089] The preparation method of Example 5 is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the laser cladding alloy material in this example is composed of the following components: 13.34 wt% Cr, 0.031 wt% Cu, 0.688 wt% Mn, 0.57 wt% Mo, 4.61 wt% Ni, 0.631 wt% B, 1.104 wt% Si, 0.041 wt% V, 0.003 wt% W, 0.047 wt% C, 0.00051 wt% H, 0.046 wt% O, and the balance Fe. The median particle size D of the laser cladding alloy material is also specified. 50 The diameter is 71 μm, and the Hall flow rate is 3.67 s / 50 g.

[0090] Example 6

[0091] The preparation method of Example 6 is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the laser cladding alloy material in this example is composed of the following components: 13.34 wt% Cr, 0.031 wt% Cu, 0.315 wt% Mn, 0.57 wt% Mo, 4.61 wt% Ni, 0.52 wt% B, 0.852 wt% Si, 0.041 wt% V, 0.003 wt% W, 0.047 wt% C, 0.00051 wt% H, 0.046 wt% O, and the balance Fe. The median particle size D of the laser cladding alloy material is also specified. 50 The wavelength is 71 μm, and the Hall flow rate is 3.67 s / 50 g.

[0092] Example 7

[0093] Example 7: The composition and preparation method of the laser cladding alloy material are basically the same as those in Example 1, except that the median particle size D of the laser cladding alloy material is... 50 It is 30μm.

[0094] Example 8

[0095] The composition and preparation method of the laser cladding alloy material in Example 8 are basically the same as those in Example 1, except that the median particle size D of the laser cladding alloy material is... 50 It is 220μm.

[0096] Comparative Example 1

[0097] The preparation method of Comparative Example 1 is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the laser cladding alloy material in this example is composed of the following components: 13.32 wt% Cr, 0.027 wt% Cu, 0.341 wt% Mn, 1.13 wt% Mo, 4.54 wt% Ni, 0.57 wt% B, 1.121 wt% Si, 0.047 wt% V, 0.004 wt% W, 0.051 wt% C, 0.00056 wt% H, 0.043 wt% O, and the balance Fe. The median particle size D of the laser cladding alloy material is also specified. 50 The diameter is 100 μm, and the Hall flow rate is 3.25 s / 50 g.

[0098] Comparative Example 2

[0099] The preparation method of Comparative Example 2 is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the laser cladding alloy material in this example is composed of the following components: 13.34 wt% Cr, 0.031 wt% Cu, 0.315 wt% Mn, 0.722 wt% Mo, 4.61 wt% Ni, 0.52 wt% B, 1.104 wt% Si, 0.041 wt% V, 0.003 wt% W, 0.047 wt% C, 0.00051 wt% H, 0.046 wt% O, and the balance Fe. The median particle size D of the laser cladding alloy material is also specified. 50 It is 71μm.

[0100] The composition and particle size of the laser cladding alloy materials of Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-2 are shown in Table 1 below.

[0101] Table 1

[0102]

[0103] The mechanical properties of the cladding layers of the metal additives prepared in Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were tested, and the test results are shown in Table 2 below. Vickers hardness was tested according to GB / T4340.3, and elongation was tested according to GB / T228.

[0104] Table 2

[0105]

[0106]

[0107] As shown in Table 2 above, the cladding layers of Examples 1 to 8 have high Vickers hardness and relatively high elongation, indicating that Examples 1 to 8 can combine good hardness and plasticity, and have good overall mechanical properties. Comparative Examples 1 and 2, although possessing a certain Vickers hardness, have low elongation, i.e., poor plasticity, and are prone to cracking during use.

[0108] The morphology of the laser-clad alloy materials of Examples 1, 2, and Comparative Example 1 was obtained using scanning electron microscopy. The cladding layer on the surface of the metal additive manufacturing process of Examples 1, 2, and Comparative Example 1 was observed, and macroscopic morphological images of the cladding layer were obtained. Metallographic dissection of the samples was performed, followed by grinding and polishing, and microscopic morphological images of the cladding layer of Examples 1, 2, and Comparative Example 1 were obtained. The samples were then subjected to etching treatment to obtain metallographic structural images of the cladding layer of Examples 1, 2, and Comparative Example 1. Specifically, the etching process was electrochemical etching with a voltage of 5V and a current of 1A. The cathode was the cladding layer of the sample being tested, the anode was the working electrode, the etching solution was 7 vol% oxalic acid, and the etching time was 40 s.

[0109] Figures 1-4The images shown are scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, macroscopic morphology images, microscopic morphology images, and metallographic structure images of the laser cladding alloy material in Example 1. Figures 5-8 The images shown are scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, macroscopic morphology images, microscopic morphology images, and metallographic structure images of the laser cladding alloy material in Example 2. Figures 9-12 The images shown are scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, macroscopic morphology images, microscopic morphology images, and metallographic structure images of the laser cladding alloy material in Comparative Example 1.

[0110] Depend on Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 9 It can be seen that the laser-clad alloy materials in each test sample are ellipsoidal, and the particle size of Comparative Example 1 is relatively large. From Figure 2 , Figure 6 and Figure 10 It can be seen that the surface of the cladding layer of each test sample is relatively smooth. From Figure 3 , Figure 7 and Figure 11 It can be seen that the cladding layer of each test sample has no obvious porosity or fusion defects, and there are no cracks. Figure 4 , Figure 8 and Figure 12 It is evident that the microstructure of the cladding layers in Examples 1 and 2 lacks network ferrite, while Comparative Example 1 exhibits network ferrite. The presence of this metallographic phase leads to uneven stress distribution within the cladding layer, and the deformation under stress tends to occur along grain boundaries. This results in grain boundary fracture of the cladding layer, thereby reducing its plasticity. Therefore, compared to Comparative Example 1, the lower Mo content in the laser cladding alloy material of Example 1 and the lower Si content in the laser cladding alloy material of Example 2 both suppress the formation of network ferrite, thus improving the uniformity of the cladding layer's microstructure. Furthermore, Example 2, by controlling the Mn and B content in the laser cladding alloy material, improves the slag-forming performance of the molten pool during cladding, allowing the alloy powder to mix more uniformly in the molten state, improving cladding quality, and thus offsetting the adverse effects of reducing Si content.

[0111] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0112] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A laser cladding alloy material, characterized by, The laser cladding alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12.0wt%-15.0wt% of Cr, 0.01wt%-0.45wt% of Cu, 0-1.0wt% of Mn, 0.5wt%-1.25wt% of Mo, 3.5wt%-5.5wt% of Ni, 0.4wt%-1.0wt% of B, 0-1.2wt% of Si, 0-0.75wt% of V, 0-0.1wt% of W, 0-0.06wt% of C, 0-0.06wt% of inevitable impurity elements, and the balance of Fe; the sum of the mass percentages of Mo and Si is 1.2wt%-1.7wt%, and the sum of the mass percentages of B and Mn is 0.8wt%-1.2wt%; The median particle size D of the laser cladding alloy material is 45 μm to 180 μm. 50 is 45 μm to 180 μm.

2. The laser cladding alloy material of claim 1, wherein, The laser cladding alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 13.0wt%-14.5wt% of Cr, 0.01wt%-0.32wt% of Cu, 0.1wt%-0.85wt% of Mn, 0.5wt%-1.1wt% of Mo, 4.0wt%-5.15wt% of Ni, 0.5wt%-0.85wt% of B, 0.5wt%-1.15wt% of Si, 0-0.6wt% of V, 0-0.05wt% of W, 0-0.05wt% of C, 0-0.05wt% of inevitable impurity elements, and the balance of Fe.

3. The laser cladding alloy material of any of claims 1-2, wherein, the sum of the mass percentages of Mo and Si is 1.5wt%-1.7wt%.

4. The laser cladding alloy material of any one of claims 1-2, wherein, The median particle size D of the laser cladding alloy material 50 is 55 μm to 165 μm.

5. The laser cladding alloy material of any of claims 1-2, wherein, The median grain size D of the laser cladding alloy material 50 The size ranges from 75μm to 125μm.

6. The laser cladding alloy material of any of claims 1-2, wherein, The Hall flow rate of the laser cladding alloy material is 3.0s / 50g-4.8s / 50g.

7. Use of the laser cladding alloy material according to any one of claims 1-6 in the preparation of a metal additive.

8. A laser cladding method, characterized by, comprising the following steps: placing the laser cladding alloy material according to any one of claims 1-6 on the surface of a substrate; laser cladding the laser cladding alloy material and the substrate to form a cladding layer on the surface of the substrate.

9. The laser cladding method of claim 8, wherein, The process parameters of the laser cladding satisfy at least one of the following (1)-(3): (1) the power of the laser is 1400W-2500W; (2) the spot diameter of the laser is 3mm-4mm; (3) the scanning speed of the laser is 10mm / s-18mm / s.

10. The laser cladding method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that The laser cladding alloy material is placed on the surface of the substrate in the form of coaxial powder feeding, and the powder feeding amount is 10g / min-15g / min.

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