Intelligent variable resistance real-time monitoring and early warning anchor rod

Abstract

The application relates to an intelligent variable-resistance real-time monitoring and early warning anchor rod in the field of tunnel support, which comprises a cylinder, a piston and a piston rod arranged in the cylinder, a liquid storage chamber arranged in the wall of the cylinder and communicated with the cylinder through an oil liquid channel at the end of the piston rod, a hole diameter for connecting the cavities on the two sides of the piston arranged in the piston, an electromagnetic valve and a flow sensor arranged in the hole diameter, and an oil pressure sensor arranged on one side of the piston; the cavities on the two sides of the piston are filled with hydraulic oil, and the liquid storage chamber is filled with high-pressure nitrogen; a host computer is arranged, the host computer is connected with the electromagnetic valve, the flow sensor and the oil pressure sensor, is used for receiving the data of the flow sensor and the oil pressure sensor, and controls the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve; the host computer analyzes the stress state of the anchor rod by monitoring the data of the oil pressure sensor, judges whether the electromagnetic valve needs to be opened to allow pressure relief, and calculates the pressure relief distance by monitoring the data of the flow sensor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel support and relates to an intelligent variable resistance real-time monitoring and early warning anchor bolt. Background Technology

[0002] For permanent engineering projects such as tunnels, large underground garages, and chambers, anchor bolts play an indispensable role. Anchor bolts are a commonly used support method and one of the effective ways to prevent deformation of tunnels and chambers. Currently, permanent support for tunnels and similar projects uses ordinary telescopic anchor bolts. In ordinary support, holes are drilled manually to fully or end-anchor the anchor bolts. When the anchor bolts are under stress, they provide relief but are not in dynamic equilibrium, which can cause cracks and damage to the anchor bolts themselves, reducing their service life. This method cannot meet the support requirements in environments with frequent micro-vibrations. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a permanent, variable resistance, dynamic pressure relief, monitoring and support, and intelligent early warning integrated anchor bolt, which is suitable for support systems that reduce the number of operators and save costs.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] An intelligent variable resistance real-time monitoring and early warning anchor bolt includes a cylinder, a piston and a piston rod inside the cylinder, a liquid storage chamber inside the cylinder wall, which is connected to the cylinder through an oil passage at the piston rod end, an orifice connecting the cavities on both sides of the piston inside the piston, an electromagnetic valve and a flow sensor inside the orifice, and an oil pressure sensor on one side of the piston; both cavities on both sides of the piston are filled with hydraulic oil, and the liquid storage chamber is filled with high-pressure nitrogen.

[0006] The system includes a host computer connected to a solenoid valve, a flow sensor, and a hydraulic pressure sensor. The host computer receives data from the flow sensor and the hydraulic pressure sensor and controls the opening and closing of the solenoid valve. The host computer analyzes the stress state of the anchor bolt by monitoring data from the hydraulic pressure sensor and determines whether the solenoid valve needs to be opened to release pressure. The host computer calculates the pressure release distance by monitoring data from the flow sensor.

[0007] Furthermore, the host computer can perform differentiated control on a single anchor bolt, a group of anchor bolts, or the entire system, thereby enabling comprehensive control and early warning of underground roadways, tunnels, and slopes.

[0008] Furthermore, the host computer includes a parameter preset system, a monitoring system, a protection system, and an early warning system;

[0009] Parameter preset system: Based on the geological conditions of different sections, the system presets different parameters for the early warning anchor bolts, including setting the anchor bolt resistance and pressure relief distance parameters;

[0010] Monitoring system: Compares and analyzes the working face status and feedback parameters of each anchor bolt to ensure the overall stability of the anchoring system;

[0011] Safety System: By monitoring the working status of each anchor bolt differently, the system provides real-time assessment of the overall project monitoring, including: setting a safe yield distance of 15cm; each anchor bolt is displayed in green if the yield distance is within 0-10cm, in orange if it is 10-13cm, and in red if it is 13-15cm; if the number of anchor bolts displayed as red or orange does not exceed 60% of the total, it is considered safe; if it exceeds 60%, it is considered dangerous and requires human intervention.

[0012] Early warning system: When the anchor bolt reaches the limit pressure relief distance of 15cm or breaks without signal, an alarm will be sent to the monitoring personnel.

[0013] Furthermore, the setting of anchor resistance in the parameter preset system is achieved by changing the material of the warning anchor. The adjustable range of the warning anchor resistance is 300KN-3500KN. According to the geological conditions, anchors are generally divided into soil anchors and rock anchors, while the warning anchor is a prestressed, end-anchored, tension-dispersed anchor, which takes into account the geological conditions of both soil and rock layers.

[0014] Furthermore, the parameter preset system controls the pressure relief distance parameter through the switching of the solenoid valve, and calculates the pressure relief distance by monitoring the hydraulic oil volume through the flow sensor. Different resistances are set to achieve the anchoring effect of the anchor rod under the premise of allowing a certain amount of deformation (safe deformation). The variable resistance is divided into three levels of pressure relief and resistance increase. The first stage is the compression of high-pressure nitrogen, the second stage is the compression of hydraulic oil, and the third stage is the quantitative deformation of the piston rod itself. The total pressure relief distance is 15cm, with 6cm in the first stage, 4cm in the second stage, and 5cm in the third stage.

[0015] Furthermore, the working surface condition and feedback parameters of the anchor bolt, including the anchor bolt anchorage stress value, the anchor bolt relief distance, and the anchor bolt relief state, are monitored by the monitoring system to see if the stress value and relief distance of the anchor bolt itself exceed the limit value, and whether the relief state display ratio of the anchor bolt reaches the critical value.

[0016] Furthermore, one end of the piston rod is connected to a tray for balancing the force and a nut for applying preload.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention improves the level of intelligent information technology in traditional support systems, which is conducive to real-time monitoring of the support status of the entire project and timely adjustments; it also better prevents engineering accidents and is conducive to the safe operation of engineering and other infrastructure.

[0018] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0020] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of an intelligent variable resistance real-time monitoring and early warning anchor bolt structure;

[0021] Figure 2 Diagram showing the arrangement of anchor bolts in roadways and tunnels;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the inspection of alleyways and tunnels;

[0023] Figure 4 (a) is a schematic diagram of slope monitoring, and (b) is a slope layout diagram;

[0024] Figure 5 Layout diagram of intelligent monitoring and early warning control room for roadways and tunnels;

[0025] Figure 6 Layout diagram of the intelligent monitoring and early warning control room for slope monitoring;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a flowchart for intelligent monitoring and early warning of anchor bolts.

[0027] Reference numerals: 1-High-pressure nitrogen, 2-Piston, 3-Oil pressure sensor, 4-Reservoir, 5-Piston rod, 6-Hydraulic oil, 7-Solenoid valve and flow sensor, 8-Orifice, 9-Hydraulic oil, 10-Pattern, 11-Nut, 12-End anchoring section, 13-Oil passage, 14-Sensor circuit. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0029] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0030] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0031] Please see Figure 1 This invention proposes an intelligent variable resistance real-time monitoring and early warning anchor bolt and method based on improvements to existing anchor bolt systems. Its structure consists of a cylinder, a storage chamber 4, dedicated hydraulic oil 6 and 9, high-pressure nitrogen 1, a movable piston 2 (piston 2 has an oil-conducting orifice 8, which contains a solenoid valve and a flow sensor 7 responsible for opening or closing the orifice 8), a piston rod 5 (the rod contains sensor wiring 14), an oil pressure sensor 3, a tray 10, a nut 11, and an end anchoring section 12.

[0032] Firstly, in underground engineering projects with frequent vibrations, such as tunnels, the pressure changes caused by vibration are transmitted to the support structure itself. During the first stage of operation, the solenoid valve is closed. The piston rod 5, under tension, drives the piston 2 to compress the hydraulic oil 9. The oil enters the outer reservoir 4 through the oil channel 13 at the bottom of the cylinder, thereby compressing the high-pressure nitrogen 1 in the reservoir 4 to increase resistance (the main compression is of gas, with a very small amount of liquid compression). The force during the entire resistance-increasing process is flexible, and after vibration, a new equilibrium state between liquid and gas is restored. The entire process is like the extension and contraction of a spring, avoiding the rigid fatigue damage of ordinary anchor bolt specimens. In the second stage, if large deformation of the surrounding rock occurs, the stress state of the anchor bolt can be analyzed by monitoring the data of the oil pressure sensor 3. This determines whether the solenoid valve needs to be opened to appropriately reduce pressure. Opening the solenoid valve allows the oil in 9 to enter the front oil chamber through the orifice 8, achieving resistance reduction and pressure reduction. At the same time, the required pressure reduction distance can be precisely set manually by the feedback of the monitoring data of the flow sensor. The pressure reduction distance is calculated by the flow sensor in the channel based on the amount of oil. While ensuring pressure reduction and resistance decrease, the pressure reduction distance is increased. After the solenoid valve closes, a new stage of resistance increase is formed, as in stage one. In infrastructure support engineering that is monitored in real time, the anchor bolts can not only serve as support components but also undertake monitoring and early warning tasks, allowing for timely understanding of the support structure's condition and prediction of engineering hazards.

[0033] This invention also includes an intelligent anchor bolt early warning and control system connected to the anchor bolts, which enables intelligent monitoring and early warning of the anchor bolts. The intelligent anchor bolt early warning and control system can perform differentiated control on a single anchor bolt, a group of anchor bolts, or the whole system (such as adjusting the resistance, reducing the resistance, and adjusting the extension distance of the anchor bolts by controlling the solenoid valves and flow sensors), thereby forming a comprehensive control and early warning system for underground roadways, tunnels, slopes, and other engineering projects.

[0034] like Figure 2-3 As shown, since the product designed in this invention is more expensive than ordinary anchor bolts, for roadways and tunnels, three bolts are arranged in a set (one in the middle and one on each of the left and right sides, depending on the construction design), and one set is sufficient every 30-50m. The rest are all ordinary anchor bolts designed in the original design. The combination of these bolts is more in line with the actual conditions of the engineering site.

[0035] like Figure 4 As shown in (a)-(b), a 6*6 or 8*8 rhombus pattern is used to set up monitoring points for slope engineering.

[0036] like Figure 5 and 6 As shown, the intelligent anchor bolt early warning and control system is installed in the intelligent monitoring and early warning control room and connected to the intelligent anchor bolt. Figure 7As shown, the intelligent anchor bolt early warning and control system includes a parameter preset system, a monitoring system, a support system, and an early warning system. The parameter preset system presets differentiated parameters for the early warning anchor bolts based on the geological conditions (lithology, structure) of different sections. It sets the anchor bolt resistance and yield distance parameters. The monitoring system compares and analyzes the working face status and feedback parameters of each anchor bolt to ensure the overall stability of the anchoring system. The support system provides real-time assessment of the overall project monitoring through differentiated monitoring of the working status of each anchor bolt. For example, if the designed safe yield distance of the anchor bolt is 15cm, each anchor bolt will display green if the yield distance is within 0-10cm, orange if 10-13cm, and red if 13-15cm. A red or orange display value not exceeding 60 indicates safety, while a value exceeding 60 indicates danger requiring human intervention. The early warning system will alert monitoring personnel if the anchor bolt reaches its extreme yield distance (greater than 15cm) or breaks without a signal.

[0037] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent variable resistance real-time monitoring and early warning anchor bolt, characterized in that: The device includes a cylinder, inside which a piston and piston rod are provided. A liquid storage chamber is provided inside the wall of the cylinder, which is connected to the cylinder through an oil passage at the end of the piston rod. The piston has an orifice connecting the cavities on both sides of the piston. A solenoid valve and a flow sensor are provided in the orifice. An oil pressure sensor is also provided on one side of the piston. The cavities on both sides of the piston are filled with hydraulic oil, and the liquid storage chamber is filled with high-pressure nitrogen. The system includes a host computer connected to a solenoid valve, a flow sensor, and a hydraulic pressure sensor. The host computer receives data from the flow sensor and the hydraulic pressure sensor and controls the opening and closing of the solenoid valve. The host computer analyzes the stress state of the anchor bolt by monitoring data from the hydraulic pressure sensor and determines whether the solenoid valve needs to be opened to release pressure. The host computer calculates the pressure release distance by monitoring data from the flow sensor. The host computer includes a parameter preset system, a monitoring system, a protection system, and an early warning system; Parameter preset system: Based on the geological conditions of different sections, the system presets different parameters for the early warning anchor bolts, including setting the anchor bolt resistance and pressure relief distance parameters; Monitoring system: Compares and analyzes the working face status and feedback parameters of each anchor bolt to ensure the overall stability of the anchoring system; Safety System: By monitoring the working status of each anchor bolt differently, the system provides real-time assessment of the overall project monitoring, including: setting a safe yield distance of 15cm; each anchor bolt is displayed in green when the yield distance is within 0-10cm, in orange when it is 10-13cm, and in red when it is 13-15cm; if the number of anchor bolts displayed as red or orange does not exceed 60% of the total, it is considered safe; if it exceeds 60%, it is considered dangerous and requires human intervention. Early warning system: When the anchor bolt reaches the limit pressure relief distance of 15cm or breaks without signal, an alarm will be sent to the monitoring personnel; The parameter preset system controls the pressure relief distance parameter through the switching of the solenoid valve, and calculates the pressure relief distance by monitoring the hydraulic oil volume through the flow sensor. Different resistances are set to achieve the anchoring effect of the anchor rod under the premise of allowing a certain amount of deformation. The variable resistance is divided into three levels of pressure relief and resistance increase. The first stage is the compression of high-pressure nitrogen, the second stage is the compression of hydraulic oil, and the third stage is the quantitative deformation of the piston rod itself. The total pressure relief distance is 15cm, with 6cm in the first stage, 4cm in the second stage, and 5cm in the third stage. The working face status of the anchor bolt and the feedback parameters include the anchor bolt anchoring stress value, the anchor bolt relief distance, and the anchor bolt relief state. The monitoring system monitors whether the stress value and relief distance of the anchor bolt itself exceed the limit value, and whether the relief state display ratio of the anchor bolt reaches the critical value.

2. The intelligent variable resistance real-time monitoring and early warning anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The host computer performs differentiated control on a single anchor bolt, a group of anchor bolts, or the entire system, thereby enabling comprehensive control and early warning of underground roadways, tunnels, and slopes.

3. The intelligent variable resistance real-time monitoring and early warning anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The setting of anchor resistance in the parameter preset system is achieved by changing the material of the warning anchor. The adjustable range of the warning anchor resistance is 300KN-3500KN. The warning anchor is a prestressed, end-anchored, tension-dispersing anchor, which takes into account the geological conditions of soil and rock layers.

4. The intelligent variable resistance real-time monitoring and early warning anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the piston rod is connected to a tray for balancing the force and a nut for applying preload.

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