Multi-scale alloy microstructure etching inspection method based on reaction mechanism regulation

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-scale alloy organization acid etching inspection method based on reaction mechanism regulation, and aims at the problem that different scale organization characteristics of the same region of an alloy are difficult to be simultaneously and efficiently characterized, and mainly comprises the following steps: (1) determining the scale; (2) potential comparison; (3) reaction mechanism regulation; (4) first process optimization; (5) first photographing record; (6) second process optimization; (7) second photographing record; (8) multi-scale feature appearance analysis. The method can realize the appearance of different scale organization characteristics of the same region of the alloy, is beneficial to the in-depth understanding of the correlation effect of different scales of the material, and is beneficial to the acceleration of material development and optimization; meanwhile, the acid etching solution composition, action conditions and inspection conditions are relatively simple, the acid etching solution can be repeatedly used, is more friendly to the environment, and different scale organization characteristics can be simultaneously and efficiently obtained.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of alloy organization and defect inspection, and particularly relates to a multi-scale alloy organization acid etching inspection method based on reaction mechanism regulation. BACKGROUND

[0002] Alloy organization features are the basis for optimizing the performance of related materials and developing new materials. At present, the research on the organization features of a certain scale is more, and the organization morphology is often obtained by some standard or conventional methods through trial and error. At the same time, with the gradual improvement of the requirements of the development cycle of material performance and new materials, more and more attention is paid to the multi-scale organization features of materials and their mutual relationship. However, the acquisition of multi-scale organization morphology often depends on different acid etching inspection methods, and because the sample conditions are often different for different methods, it is difficult to obtain the multi-scale organization features of the same area, and the sample preparation and inspection process is complex and tedious. Acid etching inspection is a common method for obtaining alloy organization morphology, and currently includes hot acid etching, cold acid etching, electrolytic acid etching, and dendritic acid etching. However, these methods are only suitable for a single scale (such as micron scale) organization morphology. The principle of acid etching process is generally a qualitative understanding that the micro-battery reaction is caused by the unevenness of the alloy surface, but the specific mechanism has not been thoroughly understood, and it is not clear whether there is a multi-scale electrochemical reaction (such as micro-battery reaction and macro-battery reaction). SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to provide a multi-scale alloy organization acid etching inspection method based on reaction mechanism regulation, which is based on the research results that there are multi-scale electrochemical reactions between the acid etching solution and the alloy surface during the acid etching process, and that the acid etching conditions and observation time can be controlled in detail by changing the acid etching conditions and observation time.

[0004] The technical scheme of the present application: a multi-scale alloy organization acid etching inspection method based on reaction mechanism regulation, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0005] (1) Determining the scale: according to the different organization features required to be displayed by the sample, determine the corresponding scale that needs to be displayed;

[0006] (2) Potential comparison: compare and analyze the potential features of the organization of the sample alloy surface in the scale that needs to be displayed with the potential size and other features of the non-object region;

[0007] (3) Reaction mechanism regulation: determine the organization feature scale that needs to be displayed by the sample according to the potential comparison result, and determine and regulate the reaction mechanism of different scales during the acid etching process of the sample;

[0008] (4) First process optimization: The acid etching process of the sample is optimized and adjusted by optimizing and adjusting at least two of the following parameters: acid etching solution formulation, acid etching solution volume, relative spatial position of the sample alloy surface and solution, solution flow rate, time interval for adjusting acid etching solution concentration and composition, acid etching solution temperature, and acid etching time. Alternatively, three, four, five, or even all parameters are optimized and adjusted to enhance the degree of acid etching reaction at the selected scale and simultaneously inhibit the occurrence of reaction at other scales.

[0009] (5) First photographic record: The sample tissue at this scale is photographed and recorded using a photographic device;

[0010] (6) Second process optimization: By sampling at different times, or under the condition that the acid etching solution formula and acid etching parameters are the same or basically similar to those in the first process optimization, the process optimization is carried out again, or the sample is lightly ground again and the process optimization is carried out again under the condition that the acid etching solution formula and acid etching parameters are the same or basically similar, so as to achieve the manifestation of the microstructure characteristics of different scales in the same area of ​​the sample alloy surface.

[0011] (7) Second photographic recording: Based on the scale of the displayed sample microstructure, a photographic device is used to capture the image, thereby achieving efficient display of multi-scale microstructure features in the same area of ​​the sample alloy surface;

[0012] (8) Multi-scale feature display analysis: Based on the imaging results at different scales, multi-scale microstructure images are obtained. If the boundaries of microstructures at different scales are clearly distinguishable, they can be directly displayed and analyzed. If the boundaries of microstructures at different scales overlap, the microstructure image obtained from the second photographic recording is subtracted from the microstructure image obtained from the first photographic recording using image processing software, thus realizing the display analysis of microstructure features at different scales. At the same time, the above process optimization, photographic recording, and feature display can be performed multiple times according to the requirements of alloy microstructure analysis.

[0013] Through extensive research, the inventors of this patent discovered that acid etching methods for revealing alloy microstructures involve not only micro-cell reactions, as commonly understood, but also macro-cell reactions and even more microscopic cell reactions. In some cases, macro-cell reactions are based on micro-cell reactions, while in others, the correlation between micro-cell and macro-cell reactions is weak. Since the revealing characteristics differ at different scales, efficient characterization of microstructures at different scales within the same region can be achieved simultaneously by controlling the intensity or occurrence of electrochemical reactions at different scales (e.g., by enhancing or promoting the ion or electron flow of corresponding reactions). Furthermore, research has shown that reaction mechanisms can be controlled under essentially identical or similar acid etching conditions to reveal microstructures at different scales. This is of great significance for a deeper understanding and optimization of material properties, achieving high-throughput material characterization, and developing new materials.

[0014] A further feature is that, based on the different microstructure characteristics required to be displayed on the surface of the alloy sample, mainly including grain orientation, metallographic structure, solidification structure, inclusions, solidification hooks, and cracks, the scale is determined to be within the range of centimeters to nanometers. Thus, the scale of this invention is determined to be within the range of centimeters, millimeters, micrometers, or nanometers.

[0015] A further feature is that, using a Kelvin probe microscope and combined with theoretical analysis methods, the potential characteristics of different microstructures to be revealed on the alloy surface are compared and analyzed with the potential magnitude and other characteristics of non-objective regions.

[0016] A further feature is that the potential comparison utilizes the potential characteristics of different regions to determine whether the potential of the tissue to be displayed is low enough to act as an anode and be corroded. If the potential is low, the micro or macro cell reaction at that scale is enhanced, i.e., the ion or electron flow of the corresponding reaction is enhanced. If the potential is high, the cell reaction at a more macro or micro scale needs to be enhanced. At the same time, after determining the key electrochemical reaction at a certain scale, the occurrence of electrochemical reactions at other scales needs to be suppressed as much as possible by suppressing the ion or electron flow of the corresponding reaction.

[0017] A further feature is that the first process optimization comprehensively optimizes the concentration of the main components in the acid etching solution formulation, the solution volume, the relative spatial position characteristics of the alloy surface and the acid etching solution, the liquid flow rate, the process adjustment of the acid etching solution concentration and the time interval for adding the acid etching solution, the acid etching solution temperature, and the action time parameters, thereby enhancing the degree of acid etching reaction at the selected scale and simultaneously inhibiting the occurrence of reaction at other scales.

[0018] A further feature is that the second process optimization involves sampling at different times, or performing process optimization again when the acid etching solution formulation and acid etching parameters are the same as or similar to those in the first process optimization, or re-grinding the sample slightly to ensure that the roughness Ra is no greater than 1.6 μm, and then performing process optimization again when the acid etching solution formulation and acid etching parameters are similar, in order to enhance the degree of acid etching reaction at the selected second scale, thereby achieving efficient display of the microstructure characteristics of other scales in the same area of ​​the alloy surface.

[0019] A further feature is that, based on the tissue characteristics, the microscopic tissue characteristics of the sample are photographed and recorded using a microscope of the photographic device, and the macroscopic tissue characteristics are photographed and recorded using a photographic device of the photographic device.

[0020] A further feature is that the scale refers to the tissue characteristics that the sample needs to display, which can be clearly displayed on the imaging device in the range of centimeters, millimeters, micrometers or nanometers.

[0021] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial results: 1. The method of the present invention can reveal microstructural features at different scales in the same region of an alloy, which is beneficial for a deeper understanding of the correlation effects between different scales of materials; 2. The composition of the acid etching solution, the action conditions, and the testing conditions are relatively simple, and the acid etching solution can be reused, making it more environmentally friendly; 3. It can conveniently and efficiently obtain microstructural features at different scales simultaneously; 4. Through multiple process optimizations, microstructural features at different scales can be continuously obtained on the same sample. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 Measurement results of carbon concentration and potential in carbon steel;

[0023] Figure 2 Metallographic morphology of carbon steel;

[0024] Figure 3 Morphology of solidification structure of carbon steel;

[0025] Figure 4 Morphology of solidified hooks made of ultra-low carbon steel;

[0026] Figure 5 Metallographic morphology of ultra-low carbon steel;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the acid etching test method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] This invention provides a multi-scale acid etching inspection method for alloy microstructure based on reaction mechanism regulation, which can be simply referred to as the multi-scale acid etching inspection method. Its features include the following steps:

[0029] (1) Determine the scale: Based on the characteristics of the different tissues (various defects) that the sample needs to display, determine the corresponding scale that needs to be displayed;

[0030] Based on the different microstructures (various defects) that need to be displayed on the surface of the sample alloy (such as iron-based alloys like carbon steel and aluminum-based alloys), including grain orientation, metallographic structure, solidification structure, inclusions, solidification hooks, cracks, etc., determine the scale range of centimeters, millimeters, micrometers or nanometers. That is, the microstructure characteristics that the sample needs to display can be clearly displayed on the imaging device in the centimeter, millimeter, micrometer or nanometer size range.

[0031] (2) Potential comparison: The potential characteristics of the microstructure (defects) on the surface of the alloy sample at this scale to be displayed are compared and analyzed with the potential of the non-object area.

[0032] Using Kelvin probe microscopy, combined with theoretical analysis and other methods, the potential characteristics of different microstructures (defects) to be revealed on the alloy surface were compared and analyzed with the potential characteristics of non-object regions.

[0033] (3) Reaction mechanism control: Based on the potential comparison results in step (2), determine the scale of the tissue features to be revealed, and thereby determine and control the reaction mechanism of different scales of the acid etching process of the sample.

[0034] By utilizing the potential characteristics of different regions, it is determined whether the potential of the desired structure (defect) is low enough to act as an anode for corrosion. If the potential of the structure (defect) is low, the micro or macro cell reaction at that scale is enhanced; if the potential of the structure (defect) is high, the cell reaction at a more macro or micro scale needs to be enhanced. At the same time, to avoid related interference, after identifying a certain scale as the key electrochemical reaction in a certain region, the occurrence of electrochemical reactions at other scales should be suppressed as much as possible.

[0035] (4) First process optimization: The acid etching solution formulation (mainly the ratio or content of hydrochloric acid and other acids to alcohol or other solvents) involved in the acid etching process of the sample is optimized and adjusted, as well as at least two parameters of the acid etching parameters such as the amount (volume) of acid etching solution, the relative spatial position of the sample alloy surface and the solution (such as the ratio of the alloy surface area to the volume of acid etching solution), the solution flow rate (such as strengthening stirring), the time interval for adjusting the concentration and composition of acid etching solution during the acid etching process (such as the interval time for adding acid etching solution during the acid etching process), the temperature of acid etching solution, and the acid etching time are optimized and adjusted, or three, four, five, or even all parameters are optimized and adjusted, in order to enhance the degree of acid etching reaction at the selected scale and at the same time suppress the occurrence of reaction at other scales different from the selected scale.

[0036] (5) First photographic record: The sample tissue at this scale is photographed and recorded using a photographic device; usually, a microscope or camera is used to photograph the sample tissue and record the sample tissue at this scale.

[0037] (6) Second process optimization: By sampling at different times, or under the condition that the acid etching solution formulation and acid etching parameters are the same or basically similar to those in the first process optimization, the process optimization is carried out again, or the sample is lightly ground again (roughness Ra is not greater than 1.6 μm), and the process optimization is carried out again under the condition that the acid etching solution formulation and acid etching parameters are the same or basically similar, and the degree of acid etching reaction at other scales is strengthened to achieve the manifestation of the microstructure characteristics of different scales in the same area of ​​the sample alloy surface; the basically similar situation means that the numerical range of the acid etching solution formulation and acid etching parameters is basically the same or similar to those in the first process optimization, without significant or obvious differences.

[0038] (7) Second photographic recording: Based on the scale of the specimen structure (defect) object, the photograph is taken by a photographic device, such as a microscope or camera, so as to achieve efficient display of the multi-scale structure characteristics of the same area on the surface of the specimen alloy.

[0039] (8) Multi-scale feature display analysis: Based on the imaging results at different scales, multi-scale microstructure images are obtained. If the boundaries between microstructures at different scales are clearly distinguishable, they can be directly displayed and analyzed. If the boundaries between microstructures at different scales overlap, the microstructure image obtained from the second photographic recording is subtracted from the microstructure image obtained from the first photographic recording using image processing software, thus realizing the display analysis of microstructure features at different scales. At the same time, the above process optimization, photographic recording, and feature display can be performed multiple times, more than twice, depending on the requirements of alloy microstructure analysis.

[0040] Example 1: Metallographic Structure and Solidified Structure

[0041] (1) Determining the scale: The metallographic structure of a certain carbon steel belongs to the micron scale, and the solidification structure is mainly

[0042] It falls within the relatively macroscopic scale range of several hundred micrometers to millimeters;

[0043] (2) Potential comparison: for alloy surfaces that need to reveal microstructure (defects) at different scales.

[0044] The potential characteristics are compared and analyzed with those of non-target regions. For example... Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 The results show the carbon concentration distribution measured by an electron probe at the micrometer scale on carbon steel and the potential distribution measured by a Kelvin probe microscope. Figure 1 (a) shows the carbon concentration distribution results for carbon steel.Figure 1 (b) is Figure 1 (a) Potential measurement results of the distribution; it can be seen that the higher the carbon concentration (i.e., the rectangular box area), the higher the potential.

[0045] (3) Reaction mechanism regulation: A comparison of potentials shows that the region with higher carbon concentration has a higher potential; due to...

[0046] Regions with high carbon concentrations tend to form carbides, which then act as cathodes and are resistant to corrosion, while the nearby micron-scale iron matrix acts as anodes and is easily corroded. This micro-cell reaction can serve as the reaction mechanism for the manifestation of microstructures. Meanwhile, since the manifestation of solidified structures depends on significant corrosion in segregated regions (i.e., regions with high carbon concentrations), to reveal more macroscopic solidified structures, macroscopic cell reactions can be enhanced (i.e., the flow of metal ions in the acid etching solution can be strengthened).

[0047] (4) First process optimization: Due to the inherent tendency of microscale changes in the microstructure of carbon steel...

[0048] Electrochemical reactions are involved, thus the battery reaction at this scale is enhanced while reactions at larger scales are suppressed first. Simultaneously, to facilitate multi-scale characterization, a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, almost identical to that used for acid etching of solidified structures, is employed for the etching of carbon steel metallographic structures. A low-concentration hydrochloric acid aqueous solution formulation (0.1~0.3):1.0 is proposed, along with a small solution volume (solution volume to sample volume ratio of (1~2):1), a solution height of less than 5 mm on the alloy surface with the sample positioned in the center of the solution, no stirring during the process, a solution temperature of 20℃ to 50℃, and an action time of 5 min to 15 min. This ensures the occurrence of micro-battery reactions while simultaneously suppressing reactions at other scales (reducing the macroscopic flow of generated ions).

[0049] (5) First photographic record: The microstructure of the metallographic structure was photographed and recorded using a microscope.

[0050] like Figure 2 As shown.

[0051] (6) Second process optimization: In order to simultaneously and efficiently reveal the macroscopic solidification structure (i.e., low-magnification structure), based on the above mechanism analysis, it is necessary to strengthen the macrocell reaction. Therefore, after completing the process... Figure 2After the metallographic structure shown was photographed, the sample was placed back into the acid etching solution, and the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution ratio was increased to (0.8~1.2):1.0. The solution volume was increased (the solution volume to sample volume ratio was (4~6):1). The solution height on the alloy surface was 20mm to 40mm and the sample was located in the middle of the solution. The solution was stirred more vigorously and the temperature was increased to 60℃ to 80℃. The reaction time was 15min to 20min to fully ensure the occurrence of the macrocell reaction.

[0052] (7) Second photographic record: Based on the scale of the object showing the structure (defect), a photograph is taken using a camera or other device to obtain the macroscopic (low magnification) solidification structure of the alloy surface, such as Figure 3 As shown, this enables the efficient visualization of multi-scale microstructure characteristics (microstructure and macrostructure) in the same region of the alloy surface.

[0053] (8) Multi-scale feature manifestation analysis

[0054] according to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The imaging results at different scales show that the boundaries of tissues at different scales are clearly distinguishable, so the tissue features at different scales can be directly visualized and analyzed.

[0055] Example 2: Solidification hook and metallographic structure

[0056] (1) Determine the scale: The solidification hook defect on the surface of a certain ultra-low carbon steel billet belongs to the millimeter scale, while the gold

[0057] Phase structures are microscopic, at the micrometer scale.

[0058] (2) Potential comparison: Since the solidification hook is a physical boundary formed during the solidification process and there is also a potential at this location.

[0059] Due to stress concentration, the potential of the area is often lower than that of other normal locations. Furthermore, for micron-scale metallographic structures, regions with higher carbon concentrations have higher potentials.

[0060] (3) Reaction mechanism regulation: As can be seen from the potential comparison, due to the macroscopic scale of the solidification hook potential,

[0061] Because of its low profile, the solidification hook is easily visible on a macroscopic scale, while the metallographic structure is also easily visible on a microscopic scale. At the same time, since the solidification hook image is easily affected by the metallographic structure image, it is necessary to suppress the micro-cell reaction of the metallographic structure at the microscopic scale during the acid etching process on a macroscopic scale.

[0062] (4) First process optimization: Because solidification hooks that are more macroscopic are more likely to appear on a macroscopic scale and be avoided

[0063] To avoid interference from micro-battery reactions, it is necessary to enhance the battery reaction at the macroscopic scale and first suppress reactions at other macroscopic scales. A low-concentration solution formulation with a hydrochloric acid-water solution ratio of (0.02~0.1):1.0 is proposed (to minimize the occurrence of micro-battery reactions). The solution volume should be moderate (solution volume to sample volume ratio of (2~3):1), the solution height on the alloy surface should be above 10 mm, and the sample should be located in the center of the solution. The process can involve stirring the solution at a temperature of 20℃ to 50℃ for 10 min to 30 min.

[0064] (5) First photographic record: Take photographs of the solidified hooks that have appeared using a camera or microscope.

[0065] Record, such as Figure 4 As shown.

[0066] (6) Second process optimization: In order to simultaneously and efficiently reveal the metallographic structure of the solidification hook defect area from

[0067] To provide guidance for controlling the solidification hook, based on the above mechanism analysis, it is necessary to enhance the micro-cell reaction. Therefore, after completing... Figure 3 After the solidification hook image shown was captured, the sample was placed back into the acid etching solution, and the hydrochloric acid solution ratio was adjusted to (0.1~0.3):1.0 by appropriately increasing the amount of hydrochloric acid. The solution volume to sample volume ratio was controlled to (1~2):1. The solution height on the alloy surface was within 5 mm and the sample was located in the center of the solution. The solution was not stirred during the process, the temperature was 20℃ to 50℃, and the reaction time was 5 min to 15 min. This ensured the occurrence of the micro-battery reaction and suppressed the occurrence of other scale reactions.

[0068] (7) Second photographic record: Based on the metallographic structure characteristics shown, photographs are taken using a microscope, such as... Figure 5 As shown.

[0069] (8) Multi-scale feature manifestation analysis

[0070] according to Figure 4 and Figure 5 The imaging results at different scales show that the boundaries of tissues at different scales are clearly distinguishable, so the tissue features at different scales can be directly visualized and analyzed.

[0071] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-scale alloy microstructure acid etching inspection method based on reaction mechanism regulation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Determine the scale: Based on the characteristics of the different tissues that the sample needs to display, determine the corresponding scale that needs to be displayed; (2) Potential comparison: The potential characteristics of the microstructure at the required scale on the surface of the alloy sample are compared and analyzed with the potential characteristics of the non-objective region. (3) Reaction mechanism control: Based on the potential comparison results, determine the scale of the tissue characteristics that the sample needs to show, and thereby determine and control the reaction mechanism of different scales of the acid etching process of the sample. (4) First process optimization: The acid etching solution formulation involved in the acid etching process of the sample is optimized and adjusted, as well as at least two of the following acid etching parameters: acid etching solution volume, relative spatial position between the sample alloy surface and the solution, solution flow rate, time interval for adjusting the concentration and composition of the acid etching solution during the acid etching process, acid etching solution temperature, and acid etching time, so as to enhance the degree of acid etching reaction at the selected scale and simultaneously inhibit the occurrence of reaction at other scales. (5) First photographic record: The sample tissue at this scale is photographed and recorded using a photographic device; (6) Second process optimization: By sampling at different times, or under the condition that the acid etching solution formula and acid etching parameters are the same or basically similar to those in the first process optimization, the process optimization is carried out again, or the sample is lightly ground again and the process optimization is carried out again under the condition that the acid etching solution formula and acid etching parameters are the same or basically similar, so as to achieve the manifestation of the microstructure characteristics of different scales in the same area of ​​the sample alloy surface. (7) Second photographic recording: Based on the scale of the displayed sample microstructure, a photographic device is used to capture the image, thereby achieving efficient display of multi-scale microstructure features in the same area of ​​the sample alloy surface; (8) Multi-scale feature display analysis: Based on the shooting results at different scales, multi-scale tissue images are obtained. If the tissue boundaries at different scales are clearly distinguishable, they can be directly displayed and analyzed. If the tissue boundaries at different scales overlap, the tissue image obtained by the second shooting record is subtracted from the tissue image obtained by the first shooting record using image processing software, thus realizing the display analysis of tissue features at different scales.

2. The acid etching inspection method for multi-scale alloy microstructure based on reaction mechanism regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the different microstructure characteristics that the alloy sample surface is required to display, including grain orientation, metallographic structure, solidification structure, inclusions, solidification hooks, and cracks, its scale range from centimeters to nanometers is determined.

3. The acid etching inspection method for multi-scale alloy microstructure based on reaction mechanism regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, Using Kelvin probe microscopy and theoretical analysis methods, the potential characteristics of different microstructures to be revealed on the alloy surface are compared and analyzed with the potential characteristics of non-objective regions.

4. The acid etching inspection method for multi-scale alloy microstructure based on reaction mechanism control according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The aforementioned potential comparison utilizes the potential characteristics of different regions to determine whether the potential of the tissue to be displayed is low enough to act as an anode for corrosion. If the potential is low, the micro or macro cell reaction at that scale is enhanced, i.e., the ion or electron flow of the corresponding reaction is strengthened. If the potential is high, the cell reaction at a more macro or micro scale needs to be strengthened. At the same time, after identifying the key electrochemical reaction at a certain scale, the occurrence of electrochemical reactions at other scales needs to be suppressed by inhibiting the ion or electron flow of the corresponding reaction.

5. The acid etching inspection method for multi-scale alloy microstructure based on reaction mechanism control according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The first process optimization comprehensively optimizes the concentration of the main components in the etching solution formulation, solution volume, relative spatial characteristics of the alloy surface and the etching solution, liquid flow rate, process adjustment of etching solution concentration and time interval of adding etching solution, etching solution temperature, and action time parameters, thereby enhancing the degree of etching process reaction at the selected scale and simultaneously inhibiting the occurrence of reaction at other scales.

6. The acid etching inspection method for multi-scale alloy microstructure based on reaction mechanism control according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The second process optimization involves sampling at different times, or performing process optimization again when the acid etching solution formulation and acid etching parameters are the same as or similar to those in the first process optimization, or slightly grinding the sample again to ensure that the roughness Ra is no greater than 1.6 μm, and then performing process optimization again when the acid etching solution formulation and acid etching parameters are similar. This is to enhance the degree of acid etching reaction at the selected second scale, thereby achieving efficient display of the microstructure characteristics of other scales in the same area of ​​the alloy surface.

7. The acid etching inspection method for multi-scale alloy microstructure based on reaction mechanism regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the tissue characteristics, the microscopic tissue characteristics of the sample are photographed and recorded using a microscope of the photographic device, and the macroscopic tissue characteristics are photographed and recorded using a photographic device of the photographic device.

8. The acid etching inspection method for multi-scale alloy microstructure based on reaction mechanism regulation according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The scale referred to here refers to the tissue characteristics that the sample needs to display, which can be clearly displayed within the range of centimeters, millimeters, micrometers, or nanometers.

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