An allam power cycle system employing a vortex tube and a method of operation thereof

Abstract

The application provides an Allam power cycle system adopting a vortex tube and a method for operating the same, wherein the system comprises a combustion chamber (1), a turbine (2), a high-temperature regenerator (3), a low-temperature regenerator (4), a cooler (5), a gas-liquid separator (6), a vortex tube (7), a carbon dioxide compressor (8), a separator (9), a carbon dioxide storage tank (10), a pump (101) and an oxygen compressor (102). Compared with the Allam power cycle system in the prior art, the Allam power cycle system adopting the vortex tube provided by the application applies the vortex tube to the power cycle system, condenses the carbon dioxide working medium into a liquid state at normal temperature by using the vortex tube, effectively reduces the structural complexity of the cold end system of the Allam power cycle, reduces the cold end loss of the Allam power cycle, improves the performance of the Allam power cycle system and widens the application range of the vortex tube.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power cycle, in particular to an Allam power cycle system adopting a vortex tube and a method for operating the same. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, the environmental problems caused by excessive emission of carbon dioxide have been increasingly intensified, which has brought severe challenges to the sustainable development of human beings. The power generation industry is one of the important sources of carbon dioxide emission. In order to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutral, zero-carbon power generation technology will be the future development direction of the power generation industry. In the related technology, the Allam power cycle is a highly regenerative semi-closed Brayton cycle that adopts pure oxygen and gaseous fuel for direct combustion and uses carbon dioxide as the circulating working medium, which is first proposed by the engineer Allam of the NET Power Company. Since pure oxygen is used instead of air for combustion with fuel, the presence of nitrogen is eliminated, reducing the generation and emission of harmful gases, and at the same time, the combustion products are only carbon dioxide and water. After the water is removed by condensation, high-purity carbon dioxide can be easily captured and stored, greatly reducing the power consumption and cost of carbon capture. The International Energy Agency's Greenhouse Gas Group conducted a thermodynamic analysis and comparison of several typical oxygen-enriched combustion systems. The research results show that, compared with other cycles, the Allam power cycle has obvious advantages in thermal efficiency and economy.

[0003] However, due to the low critical temperature of carbon dioxide (31℃), it is difficult to condense it into a liquid state under environmental conditions, which also leads to the problems of complex structure of the cold-end system of the Allam power cycle and large cold-end loss. This has limited the development of the Allam power cycle to some extent. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0005] To this end, the first object of the present application is to propose an Allam power cycle system adopting a vortex tube, so as to realize the condensation of carbon dioxide working medium into a liquid state at room temperature by using a vortex tube in the power cycle system, reduce the complexity of the structure of the cold-end system of the Allam power cycle, reduce the cold-end loss of the Allam power cycle, improve the performance of the Allam power cycle system, and broaden the application range of the vortex tube.

[0006] The second object of the present application is to propose a method for operating an Allam power cycle system adopting a vortex tube.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the first aspect of the present application provides an Allam power cycle system using a vortex tube, comprising: a combustion chamber (1), a turbine (2), a high-temperature regenerator (3), a low-temperature regenerator (4), a cooler (5), a gas-liquid separator (6), a vortex tube (7), a carbon dioxide compressor (8), a separator (9), a carbon dioxide storage tank (10), and a pump (101);

[0008] The combustion chamber (1) is provided with a natural gas inlet (11), an oxygen inlet (12), a carbon dioxide inlet (13), and a combustion chamber outlet (14), the carbon dioxide inlet (13) is connected with a high-temperature regenerator cold side outlet (34) of the high-temperature regenerator (3), and the combustion chamber outlet (14) is connected with a combustion product inlet (21) of the turbine (2);

[0009] The turbine (2) is provided with the combustion product inlet (21), a cooling gas inlet (22), and a turbine outlet (23), the cooling gas inlet (22) is connected with a low-temperature regenerator cold side outlet (44) of the low-temperature regenerator (4), and the turbine outlet (23) is connected with a high-temperature regenerator hot side inlet (31) of the high-temperature regenerator (3);

[0010] The high-temperature regenerator (3) is provided with the high-temperature regenerator hot side inlet (31), a high-temperature regenerator hot side outlet (32), a high-temperature regenerator cold side inlet (33), and the high-temperature regenerator cold side outlet (34), the high-temperature regenerator hot side outlet (32) is connected with a low-temperature regenerator hot side inlet (41) of the low-temperature regenerator (4), and the high-temperature regenerator cold side inlet (33) is connected with a low-temperature regenerator cold side outlet (44) of the low-temperature regenerator (4);

[0011] The low-temperature regenerator (4) is provided with the low-temperature regenerator hot side inlet (41), a low-temperature regenerator hot side outlet (42), a low-temperature regenerator cold side inlet (43), and the low-temperature regenerator cold side outlet (44), the low-temperature regenerator hot side outlet (42) is connected with a cooler inlet (51) of the cooler (5), and the low-temperature regenerator cold side inlet (43) is connected with a pump outlet (112) of the pump (101);

[0012] The cooler (5) is provided with the cooler inlet (51) and a cooler outlet (52), and the cooler outlet (52) is connected with a gas-liquid separator inlet (61) of the gas-liquid separator (6);

[0013] The gas-liquid separator (6) is provided with the gas-liquid separator inlet (61), a liquid side outlet (62), and a gas side outlet (63), and the gas side outlet (63) is connected with a vortex tube inlet (71) of the vortex tube (7);

[0014] The vortex tube (7) is provided with the vortex tube inlet (71), the hot end tube outlet (72), the cold end tube outlet (73) and the saturated liquid outlet (74), the hot end tube outlet (72) is connected with the carbon dioxide compressor inlet (81) of the carbon dioxide compressor (8) after converging with the cold end tube outlet (73), and the saturated liquid outlet (74) is connected with the separator inlet (91) of the separator (9);

[0015] The carbon dioxide compressor (8) is provided with the carbon dioxide compressor inlet (81) and the carbon dioxide compressor outlet (82), the carbon dioxide compressor outlet (82) is connected with the cooler inlet (51) of the cooler (5) after converging with the low-temperature regenerator hot side outlet (42) of the low-temperature regenerator (4);

[0016] The separator (9) is provided with the separator inlet (91), the first separator outlet (92) and the second separator outlet (93), the first separator outlet (92) is connected with the carbon dioxide storage tank (10), and the second separator outlet (93) is connected with the pump inlet (111) of the pump (101);

[0017] The pump (101) is provided with the pump inlet (111) and the pump outlet (112).

[0018] To achieve the above purpose, the second aspect of the present application provides a kind of operation method of Allam power cycle system using vortex tube, comprising:

[0019] By burning natural gas received from natural gas inlet and pure oxygen received from oxygen inlet in combustion chamber, combustion products are obtained, and the combustion products are mixed with carbon dioxide working medium received from carbon dioxide inlet to obtain first mixture, which is input to turbine through combustion chamber outlet;

[0020] Through the turbine, the energy carried by the first mixture received from the combustion product inlet is output to the outside, and turbine exhaust is discharged from the turbine exhaust outlet and input to the high-temperature regenerator;Wherein, the turbine exhaust is the first mixture after completing work;

[0021] Through the high-temperature regenerator, the turbine exhaust received from the high-temperature regenerator hot side inlet is used to heat the carbon dioxide working medium received from the high-temperature regenerator cold side inlet, and the turbine exhaust after completing heat exchange is input to the low-temperature regenerator through the high-temperature regenerator hot side outlet, and the carbon dioxide working medium after completing heat exchange is input to the combustion chamber through the high-temperature regenerator cold side outlet;

[0022] The low-temperature recuperator heats the carbon dioxide working medium received from the low-temperature recuperator cold side inlet by using the turbine exhaust gas received from the low-temperature recuperator hot side inlet, and the turbine exhaust gas after further heat exchange flows out from the low-temperature recuperator hot side outlet, and the carbon dioxide working medium after further heat exchange flows out from the low-temperature recuperator cold side outlet; wherein the turbine exhaust gas flowing out from the low-temperature recuperator hot side outlet is mixed with the target carbon dioxide gas discharged from the carbon dioxide compressor outlet and input to the cooler, and the carbon dioxide working medium flowing out from the low-temperature recuperator cold side outlet is divided into two streams, one of which is input to the high-temperature recuperator, and the other of which is input to the turbine;

[0023] The cooler cools the second mixture of the turbine exhaust gas flowing out from the low-temperature recuperator hot side outlet and the target carbon dioxide gas discharged from the carbon dioxide compressor outlet received from the cooler inlet, and the cooled second mixture is input to the gas-liquid separator through the cooler outlet;

[0024] The gas-liquid separator separates the cooled second mixture received from the gas-liquid separator inlet to make the water in the second mixture in the form of liquid water discharged from the system through the liquid side outlet, and the carbon dioxide in the second mixture in the form of gaseous state input to the vortex tube through the gas side outlet;

[0025] The vortex tube separates the carbon dioxide gas output from the gas-liquid separator received from the vortex tube inlet to obtain three streams of hot carbon dioxide gas, cold carbon dioxide gas and carbon dioxide saturated liquid, mixes the hot carbon dioxide gas discharged from the hot end pipe outlet with the cold carbon dioxide gas discharged from the cold end pipe outlet, and inputs the mixed carbon dioxide gas to the carbon dioxide compressor, and inputs the carbon dioxide saturated liquid to the separator;

[0026] The carbon dioxide compressor compresses the mixed carbon dioxide gas received from the carbon dioxide compressor inlet to obtain the target carbon dioxide gas with the same pressure as the turbine exhaust gas flowing out from the low-temperature recuperator hot side outlet, and discharges from the carbon dioxide compressor outlet; wherein the target carbon dioxide gas discharged from the carbon dioxide compressor outlet is mixed with the turbine exhaust gas flowing out from the low-temperature recuperator hot side outlet and input to the cooler;

[0027] The separator separates the carbon dioxide saturated liquid output from the vortex tube received from the separator inlet into two streams, one of which is input to the carbon dioxide storage tank for storage, and the other of which is input to the pump to participate in the power cycle;

[0028] The pump pressurizes the carbon dioxide saturated liquid output from the separator received from the pump inlet and inputs it to the low temperature recuperator through a pump outlet.

[0029] The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application comprises the following beneficial effects:

[0030] Compared with the Allam power cycle system in the related art, the Allam power cycle system provided by the present application can effectively reduce the complexity of the structure of the cold end system of the Allam power cycle, reduce the loss of the cold end of the Allam power cycle, improve the performance of the Allam power cycle system, and widen the application range of the vortex tube by applying the vortex tube in the power cycle system and using the vortex tube to condense the carbon dioxide working medium into liquid at normal temperature.

[0031] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be described in part below with reference to the description and will be apparent from the description, or will be learned by the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and be readily understood from the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0033] Figure 1 A structure schematic diagram of an Allam power cycle system provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 1.

[0034] Figure 2 A structure schematic diagram of a vortex tube provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 2.

[0035] Figure 3 A flowchart of an operation method of an Allam power cycle system provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, in which the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.

[0037] An Allam power cycle system provided by an embodiment of the present application and an operation method thereof are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] Figure 1 A structure schematic diagram of an Allam power cycle system provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 1.

[0039] AsFigure 1 As shown in the figure, the Allam power cycle system using the vortex tube comprises a combustion chamber (1), a turbine (2), a high-temperature regenerator (3), a low-temperature regenerator (4), a cooler (5), a gas-liquid separator (6), a vortex tube (7), a carbon dioxide compressor (8), a separator (9), a carbon dioxide storage tank (10), a pump (101) and an oxygen compressor (102);

[0040] In order to clearly show the structure of the vortex tube (7), the embodiment provides a structural schematic diagram of the vortex tube as shown in the figure. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the vortex tube comprises a nozzle (701), a vortex chamber (702), a cold-end tube (703), a hot-end tube (704) and a hot-end adjusting valve (705). Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the carbon dioxide gas output by the gas-liquid separator (6) enters the vortex tube (7) through the nozzle (701), expands, depressurizes, depresses and accelerates in the nozzle (701), and then enters the two-phase zone (between the nozzle (701) and the vortex chamber (702)) and then enters the vortex chamber (702) in the tangential direction and forms a high-speed vortex in the vortex chamber (702), the liquid part (carbon dioxide saturated liquid) is thrown to the wall by the centrifugal force and flows out from the saturated liquid outlet (74), and the gas part is divided into cold and hot gas streams (hot carbon dioxide gas and cold carbon dioxide gas), the cold gas stream (cold carbon dioxide gas) flows out from the cold-end tube outlet (73) of the cold-end tube (703), and the hot gas stream (hot carbon dioxide gas) flows out from the hot-end tube outlet (72) of the hot-end tube (704) through the hot-end adjusting valve (705). Figure 2 Optionally, the embodiment provides an operation mode of the Allam power cycle system using the vortex tube.

[0041] Firstly, pure oxygen is input into the oxygen compressor (102) through the oxygen compressor inlet (121), the input pure oxygen is compressed by the oxygen compressor (102), the pure oxygen with the same pressure as the pressure of the combustion chamber (1) is obtained, and the pure oxygen is input into the combustion chamber (1) through the oxygen compressor outlet (122).

[0042]

[0043] ​In the system, the combustion chamber (1) receives natural gas through the natural gas inlet (11), receives pure oxygen through the oxygen inlet (12), and receives carbon dioxide working substance flowing out of the high-temperature regenerator cold side outlet (34) through the carbon dioxide inlet (13), so that in the combustion chamber (1), the natural gas is combusted with the pure oxygen to release heat, obtaining high-temperature and high-pressure combustion products, and the obtained high-temperature and high-pressure combustion products and the received carbon dioxide working substance flowing out of the high-temperature regenerator cold side outlet (34) are mixed in the combustion chamber (1) to obtain a first mixture, so that the first mixture enters the turbine (2) through the combustion chamber outlet (14) of the combustion chamber (1) and the combustion product inlet (21) of the turbine (2), uses the energy carried by the first mixture to output work, and makes the first mixture complete work and discharge from the turbine outlet (23) to the high-temperature regenerator (3). Since the combustion temperature of the combustion chamber (1) in the pure oxygen environment is too high, the temperature of the obtained combustion products may exceed the temperature that the turbine (2) can withstand, so the received carbon dioxide working substance flowing out of the high-temperature regenerator cold side outlet (34) needs to be mixed with the combustion products to obtain the first mixture before being input into the turbine (2), so as to adjust the temperature of the combustion products by using the carbon dioxide working substance flowing out of the high-temperature regenerator cold side outlet (34), and control the temperature of the obtained first mixture within the range that the turbine can withstand.

[0044] In the system, the turbine exhaust of the turbine (2) enters the high-temperature regenerator (3) and the low-temperature regenerator (4) in sequence, so that the heat carried by the turbine exhaust is used to preheat the carbon dioxide working substance participating in the power cycle again in the high-temperature regenerator (3) and the low-temperature regenerator (4). Specifically, from the perspective of the turbine exhaust, the turbine exhaust obtained by the turbine (2) can first enter the high-temperature regenerator (3) through the turbine outlet (23) of the turbine (2) and the high-temperature regenerator hot side inlet (31) of the high-temperature regenerator (3), so that the turbine exhaust is used to heat the carbon dioxide working substance flowing out of the low-temperature regenerator cold side outlet (44) through the high-temperature regenerator (3), and the turbine exhaust completing heat exchange in the high-temperature regenerator (3) enters the low-temperature regenerator (4) through the high-temperature regenerator hot side outlet (32) of the high-temperature regenerator (3) and the low-temperature regenerator hot side inlet (41) of the low-temperature regenerator (4), so that the turbine exhaust completing heat exchange in the high-temperature regenerator (3) is used to heat the carbon dioxide working substance output by the pump (101) through the low-temperature regenerator (4), and the carbon dioxide working substance completing further heat exchange in the low-temperature regenerator (4) flows out from the low-temperature regenerator hot side outlet (42).

[0045] From the perspective of the carbon dioxide working medium re-joining the power cycle, the low-temperature saturated liquid (carbon dioxide saturated liquid) obtained by the vortex tube (7) is separated into two streams by the separator (9), one stream of low-temperature saturated liquid (carbon dioxide saturated liquid) enters the carbon dioxide storage tank (10) through the first separator outlet (92) for storage, realizing the capture and sealing of carbon dioxide, and one stream of low-temperature saturated liquid (carbon dioxide saturated liquid) enters the pump (101) through the second separator outlet (93) to re-join the power cycle as a circulating working medium. The low-temperature saturated liquid (carbon dioxide saturated liquid) re-joining the power cycle enters the pump (101) through the pump inlet (111) to be pressurized by the pump (101), obtaining the carbon dioxide working medium output by the pump (101), which enters the low-temperature regenerator (4) through the pump outlet (112) and the low-temperature regenerator cold side inlet (43) of the low-temperature regenerator (4) to be primarily preheated by the turbine exhaust gas flowing out of the high-temperature regenerator hot side outlet (32). After the primary preheating, the carbon dioxide working medium flows out of the low-temperature regenerator cold side outlet (44), wherein the carbon dioxide working medium flowing out of the low-temperature regenerator cold side outlet (44) is divided into two streams, one stream enters the turbine (2) through the low-temperature regenerator cold side outlet (44) and the cooling gas inlet (22) of the turbine (2) to cool the blades and rotor of the turbine (2), so that the turbine material can withstand a higher temperature, and the other stream enters the high-temperature regenerator (3) through the low-temperature regenerator cold side outlet (44) and the high-temperature regenerator cold side inlet (33) to be re-preheated by the turbine exhaust gas flowing out of the turbine outlet (23). Moreover, the re-preheated carbon dioxide working medium enters the combustion chamber (1) through the high-temperature regenerator cold side outlet (34) of the high-temperature regenerator (3) and the carbon dioxide inlet (13) of the combustion chamber (1) to adjust the combustion product temperature, so that the temperature of the combustion product is controlled within the range that the turbine can withstand.

[0046] Subsequently, turbine exhaust gas flowing out from the low-temperature recuperator hot side outlet (42) is mixed with target carbon dioxide gas discharged from the carbon dioxide compressor outlet to obtain a second mixture, which enters the cooler (5) through the cooler inlet (51) of the cooler (5) to be further cooled, and the moisture contained in the second mixture is condensed into liquid in the cooler (5). Subsequently, the cooled second mixture enters the gas-liquid separator (6) through the cooler outlet (52) of the cooler (5) and the gas-liquid separator inlet (61) of the gas-liquid separator (6) to separate the moisture carried in the cooled second mixture by the gas-liquid separator (6), wherein the moisture in the second mixture is discharged from the system in the form of liquid water through the liquid side outlet (62) of the gas-liquid separator (6), and the carbon dioxide in the second mixture enters the vortex tube (7) in the form of gas through the gas side outlet (63) of the gas-liquid separator (6) and the vortex tube inlet (71) of the vortex tube (7) to separate the carbon dioxide gas into two hot and cold gases (hot carbon dioxide gas and cold carbon dioxide gas) and a low-temperature saturated liquid (carbon dioxide saturated liquid). On one hand, the hot carbon dioxide gas is discharged through the hot end tube outlet (72) of the vortex tube (7), and the cold carbon dioxide gas is discharged through the cold end tube outlet (73) of the vortex tube (7). After that, the two hot and cold carbon dioxide gases (hot carbon dioxide gas and cold carbon dioxide gas) are mixed to obtain mixed carbon dioxide gas, which enters the carbon dioxide compressor (8) through the carbon dioxide compressor inlet (81). The carbon dioxide compressor (8) compresses the input mixed carbon dioxide gas to obtain target carbon dioxide gas with the same pressure as the turbine exhaust gas flowing out from the low-temperature recuperator cold side outlet (44). Further, the target carbon dioxide gas discharged from the carbon dioxide compressor outlet (82) of the carbon dioxide compressor (8) is mixed with the turbine exhaust gas flowing out from the low-temperature recuperator cold side outlet (44) to enter the cooler (5), the gas-liquid separator (6) and the vortex tube (7) again to realize the condensation of the carbon dioxide working medium.On the other hand, the low-temperature saturated liquid (carbon dioxide saturated liquid) will enter the separator (9) through the saturated liquid outlet (74) of the vortex tube (7) and the separator inlet (91) of the separator (9) to separate the low-temperature saturated liquid (carbon dioxide saturated liquid) into two streams by the separator (9), one stream of the low-temperature saturated liquid (carbon dioxide saturated liquid) enters the carbon dioxide storage tank (10) for storage through the first separator outlet (92) to realize carbon dioxide capture and sealing, and one stream of the low-temperature saturated liquid (carbon dioxide saturated liquid) enters the pump (101) to participate in the power cycle process again as a circulating working medium, wherein the low-temperature saturated liquid (carbon dioxide saturated liquid) participating in the power cycle again enters the pump (101) through the pump inlet (111) to be pressurized by the pump (101) to obtain the carbon dioxide working medium output by the pump (101) and enter the low-temperature regenerator (4) through the pump outlet (112) and the low-temperature regenerator cold side inlet (43) of the low-temperature regenerator (4) to be primarily preheated by the turbine exhaust gas flowing out of the high-temperature regenerator hot side outlet (32). After the primary preheated carbon dioxide working medium flows out of the low-temperature regenerator cold side outlet (44), the carbon dioxide working medium flowing out of the low-temperature regenerator cold side outlet (44) is divided into two streams, one stream enters the turbine (2) through the low-temperature regenerator cold side outlet (44) of the low-temperature regenerator (4) and the cooling gas inlet (22) of the turbine (2) to cool the blades and rotor of the turbine (2) so that the turbine material can withstand a higher temperature, and the other stream enters the high-temperature regenerator (3) through the low-temperature regenerator cold side outlet (44) of the low-temperature regenerator (4) and the high-temperature regenerator cold side inlet (33) of the high-temperature regenerator (3) to be reheated by the turbine exhaust gas flowing out of the turbine outlet (23). And the re-heated carbon dioxide working medium will enter the combustion chamber (1) through the high-temperature regenerator cold side outlet (34) of the high-temperature regenerator (3) and the carbon dioxide inlet (13) of the combustion chamber (1) to adjust the combustion product temperature so that the temperature of the combustion product is controlled within the range that the turbine can withstand.

[0047] In summary, compared with the Allam power cycle system in the related art, the Allam power cycle system provided by the application using a vortex tube has the following advantages in addition to the advantages of "by using pure oxygen instead of air as an oxidizing agent to participate in the combustion reaction, since there is no nitrogen, both the generation and emission of nitrogen-containing pollutants are reduced, and the proportion of carbon dioxide in the combustion product is greatly improved, the difficulty of carbon dioxide capture and storage is greatly reduced, and zero carbon emission is realized":

[0048] 1. By applying the vortex tube in the power cycle system, the vortex tube is used to condense the carbon dioxide working medium into liquid at room temperature, which effectively reduces the complexity of the Allam power cycle cold end system structure, reduces the Allam power cycle cold end loss, improves the Allam power cycle system performance, and also widens the application range of the vortex tube.

[0049] 2. The high-temperature regenerator is used to input the carbon dioxide working medium to the combustion chamber to adjust the temperature of the combustion products, so that the temperature of the combustion products is controlled within the range that the turbine can withstand.

[0050] 3. The low-temperature regenerator is used to input the carbon dioxide working medium to the turbine to cool the blades and rotor of the turbine, so that the turbine material can withstand a higher temperature, the turbine inlet parameter is improved, and the system efficiency is also improved.

[0051] 4. The turbine exhaust heat is used to preheat the carbon dioxide working medium participating in the power cycle again through the two-stage regenerator of the high-temperature regenerator and the low-temperature regenerator, which effectively improves the system efficiency.

[0052] 5. Carbon dioxide is used as the power cycle working medium. Since carbon dioxide has the characteristics of high density, using carbon dioxide as the working medium can greatly reduce the size of each part of the power cycle, reduce the floor area and equipment investment cost.

[0053] In order to clearly illustrate the operation process of the power cycle system provided by the vortex tube, the application also provides a power cycle method using a vortex tube, Figure 3 The flowchart of the operation method of the Allam power cycle system using the vortex tube provided by the embodiment of the application is shown in the figure.

[0054] As Figure 3 shown, the operation method of the Allam power cycle system using the vortex tube can include the following steps:

[0055] Step 301, burning natural gas received from a natural gas inlet and pure oxygen received from an oxygen inlet through a combustion chamber to obtain combustion products, and mixing the combustion products with carbon dioxide working medium received from a carbon dioxide inlet to obtain a first mixture, and inputting the first mixture to a turbine through a combustion chamber outlet.

[0056] Among them, the carbon dioxide working medium received from the carbon dioxide inlet is flowed out from the cold side outlet of the high-temperature regenerator.

[0057] Among them, the pressure of the pure oxygen received from the oxygen inlet is the same as the pressure of the combustion chamber. Alternatively, the pure oxygen received from the oxygen compressor inlet can be compressed by the oxygen compressor to obtain pure oxygen with the same pressure as the combustion chamber, and input to the combustion chamber through the oxygen compressor outlet.

[0058] Step 302, by turbine, using the energy carried by the first mixture received from the combustion product inlet, to output work to the outside, and the turbine exhaust is discharged from the turbine exhaust outlet, input to the high-temperature regenerator.

[0059] Wherein, the turbine exhaust is the first mixture that has completed work. That is, the first mixture input from the combustion chamber to the turbine enters the turbine through the turbine combustion product inlet, so as to use the energy carried by the first mixture to output work to the outside through the turbine, and the first mixture that has completed work is discharged from the turbine exhaust outlet and enters the high-temperature regenerator from the high-temperature regenerator hot side inlet.

[0060] And because the temperature of the first mixture may exceed the range that the turbine material can withstand, in some embodiments, the carbon dioxide working medium flowing out of the low-temperature regenerator cold side outlet can be received by the turbine to cool the turbine blades and rotors using the carbon dioxide working medium flowing out of the low-temperature regenerator cold side outlet.

[0061] Step 303, by the high-temperature regenerator, using the turbine exhaust received from the high-temperature regenerator hot side inlet, to heat the carbon dioxide working medium received from the high-temperature regenerator cold side inlet, and the heat-exchanged turbine exhaust is input to the low-temperature regenerator through the high-temperature regenerator hot side outlet, and the heat-exchanged carbon dioxide working medium is input to the combustion chamber through the high-temperature regenerator cold side outlet.

[0062] Step 304, by the low-temperature regenerator, using the turbine exhaust received from the low-temperature regenerator hot side inlet, to heat the carbon dioxide working medium received from the low-temperature regenerator cold side inlet, and the further heat-exchanged turbine exhaust is discharged from the low-temperature regenerator hot side outlet, and the further heat-exchanged carbon dioxide working medium is discharged from the low-temperature regenerator cold side outlet.

[0063] Wherein, the turbine exhaust discharged from the low-temperature regenerator hot side outlet is mixed with the target carbon dioxide gas discharged from the carbon dioxide compressor outlet and input to the cooler, and the carbon dioxide working medium discharged from the low-temperature regenerator cold side outlet is divided into two streams, one of which is input to the high-temperature regenerator, and the other is input to the turbine.

[0064] Step 305, by the cooler, cooling the second mixture of the turbine exhaust discharged from the low-temperature regenerator hot side outlet and the target carbon dioxide gas discharged from the carbon dioxide compressor outlet received from the cooler inlet, and inputting the cooled second mixture to the gas-liquid separator through the cooler outlet.

[0065] Step 306, by the gas-liquid separator, gas-liquid separation of the cooled second mixture received from the gas-liquid separator inlet, so that the water in the second mixture is discharged from the system in the form of liquid water through the liquid side outlet, and the carbon dioxide in the second mixture is input to the vortex tube in the form of gas through the gas side outlet.

[0066] Step 307, separating the carbon dioxide gas output from the gas-liquid separator received from the vortex tube inlet by the vortex tube to obtain three streams of hot carbon dioxide gas, cold carbon dioxide gas and carbon dioxide saturated liquid, mixing the hot carbon dioxide gas discharged from the hot end tube outlet with the cold carbon dioxide gas discharged from the cold end tube outlet, and inputting the mixed carbon dioxide gas into the carbon dioxide compressor, and inputting the carbon dioxide saturated liquid into the separator.

[0067] Step 308, compressing the mixed carbon dioxide gas received from the carbon dioxide compressor inlet by the carbon dioxide compressor to obtain target carbon dioxide gas with the same pressure as the turbine exhaust gas from the outlet of the hot side of the low-temperature heat exchanger, and discharging from the carbon dioxide compressor outlet.

[0068] Among them, the target carbon dioxide gas discharged from the carbon dioxide compressor outlet is mixed with the turbine exhaust gas from the outlet of the hot side of the low-temperature heat exchanger and input into the cooler.

[0069] Step 309, separating the carbon dioxide saturated liquid output from the vortex tube received from the separator inlet into two streams by the separator, one stream of carbon dioxide saturated liquid is input into the carbon dioxide storage tank for storage, and one stream of carbon dioxide saturated liquid is input into the pump to participate in the power cycle.

[0070] Step 310, pressurizing the carbon dioxide saturated liquid output from the separator received from the pump inlet by the pump, and inputting into the low-temperature heat exchanger through the pump outlet.

[0071] In summary, by applying the vortex tube in the power cycle system, the carbon dioxide working medium is condensed into liquid at room temperature by using the vortex tube, the complexity of the Allam power cycle cold end system structure is reduced, the Allam power cycle cold end loss is reduced, the Allam power cycle system performance is improved, and the application range of the vortex tube is widened.

Claims

1. An Allam power cycle system employing a vortex tube, characterized in that, include: Combustion chamber (1), turbine (2), high-temperature regenerator (3), low-temperature regenerator (4), cooler (5), gas-liquid separator (6), vortex tube (7), carbon dioxide compressor (8), separator (9), carbon dioxide storage tank (10) and pump (101); The combustion chamber (1) is provided with a natural gas inlet (11), an oxygen inlet (12), a carbon dioxide inlet (13) and a combustion chamber outlet (14). The carbon dioxide inlet (13) is connected to the cold side outlet (34) of the high temperature regenerator (3), and the combustion chamber outlet (14) is connected to the combustion product inlet (21) of the turbine (2). The turbine (2) is provided with a combustion product inlet (21), a cooling gas inlet (22) and a turbine outlet (23). The cooling gas inlet (22) is connected to the cold side outlet (44) of the low-temperature regenerator (4), and the turbine outlet (23) is connected to the hot side inlet (31) of the high-temperature regenerator (3). The high-temperature regenerator (3) is provided with a hot-side inlet (31), a hot-side outlet (32), a cold-side inlet (33), and a cold-side outlet (34). The hot-side outlet (32) is connected to the hot-side inlet (41) of the low-temperature regenerator (4), and the cold-side inlet (33) is connected to the cold-side outlet (44) of the low-temperature regenerator (4). The low-temperature regenerator (4) is provided with a hot-side inlet (41), a hot-side outlet (42), a cold-side inlet (43), and a cold-side outlet (44). The hot-side outlet (42) is connected to the cooler inlet (51) of the cooler (5), and the cold-side inlet (43) is connected to the pump outlet (112) of the pump (101). The cooler (5) is provided with a cooler inlet (51) and a cooler outlet (52), and the cooler outlet (52) is connected to the gas-liquid separator inlet (61) of the gas-liquid separator (6). The gas-liquid separator (6) is provided with a gas-liquid separator inlet (61), a liquid-side outlet (62) and a gas-side outlet (63), and the gas-side outlet (63) is connected to the vortex tube inlet (71) of the vortex tube (7). The vortex tube (7) is provided with a vortex tube inlet (71), a hot end tube outlet (72), a cold end tube outlet (73) and a saturated liquid outlet (74). The hot end tube outlet (72) and the cold end tube outlet (73) are connected to the carbon dioxide compressor inlet (81) of the carbon dioxide compressor (8). The saturated liquid outlet (74) is connected to the separator inlet (91) of the separator (9). The carbon dioxide compressor (8) is provided with a carbon dioxide compressor inlet (81) and a carbon dioxide compressor outlet (82). The carbon dioxide compressor outlet (82) merges with the low-temperature regenerator hot side outlet (42) of the low-temperature regenerator (4) and then connects to the cooler inlet (51) of the cooler (5). The separator (9) is provided with a separator inlet (91), a first separator outlet (92) and a second separator outlet (93). The first separator outlet (92) is connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank (10), and the second separator outlet (93) is connected to the pump inlet (111) of the pump (101). The pump (101) is provided with the pump inlet (111) and the pump outlet (112).

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vortex tube (7) is used to receive carbon dioxide gas output from the gas-liquid separator (6) through the vortex tube inlet (71); separate the carbon dioxide gas to obtain three fluids: hot carbon dioxide gas, cold carbon dioxide gas, and carbon dioxide saturated liquid; mix the hot carbon dioxide gas discharged through the hot end tube outlet (72) with the cold carbon dioxide gas discharged through the cold end tube outlet (73), and input the mixed carbon dioxide gas into the carbon dioxide compressor (8); input the carbon dioxide saturated liquid into the separator (9) through the saturated liquid outlet (74). The carbon dioxide compressor (8) is used to receive the mixed carbon dioxide gas through the carbon dioxide compressor inlet (81); compress the mixed carbon dioxide gas to obtain a target carbon dioxide gas with the same pressure as the turbine exhaust gas flowing out of the hot side outlet (42) of the low-temperature regenerator, and discharge it from the carbon dioxide compressor outlet (82); wherein the target carbon dioxide gas discharged from the carbon dioxide compressor outlet is mixed with the turbine exhaust gas flowing out of the hot side outlet (42) of the low-temperature regenerator and then fed into the cooler (5). The separator (9) is used to receive the carbon dioxide saturated liquid through the separator inlet (91); and to separate the carbon dioxide saturated liquid into two streams. One stream of the carbon dioxide saturated liquid is fed into the carbon dioxide storage tank (10) through the first separator outlet (92) for storage, and the other stream of the carbon dioxide saturated liquid is fed into the pump (101) through the second separator outlet (93) to participate in the power cycle. The carbon dioxide storage tank (10) is used to store the carbon dioxide-saturated liquid; The pump (101) is used to receive the carbon dioxide saturated liquid through the pump inlet (111); pressurize the carbon dioxide saturated liquid and input it into the low-temperature regenerator (4) through the pump outlet (112).

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vortex tube (7) includes a nozzle, a vortex chamber, a cold end tube, a hot end tube, and a hot end regulating valve.

4. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The combustion chamber (1) is used to receive natural gas through the natural gas inlet (11); receive pure oxygen through the oxygen inlet (12); receive carbon dioxide working fluid flowing out of the cold side outlet (34) of the high-temperature regenerator through the carbon dioxide inlet (13); burn the natural gas and the pure oxygen to obtain combustion products; mix the combustion products with the carbon dioxide working fluid flowing out of the cold side outlet (34) of the high-temperature regenerator to obtain a first mixture, which is input to the turbine (2) through the combustion chamber outlet (14). The turbine (2) is used to receive the first mixture through the combustion product inlet (21); to output work using the energy carried by the first mixture, and to discharge turbine exhaust from the turbine outlet (23) and input it into the high-temperature regenerator (3); wherein the turbine exhaust is the first mixture that performs work. The high-temperature regenerator (3) is used to receive turbine exhaust gas flowing out of the turbine outlet (23) through the hot side inlet (31) of the high-temperature regenerator; to receive carbon dioxide working fluid flowing out of the cold side outlet (44) of the low-temperature regenerator through the cold side inlet (33) of the high-temperature regenerator; to heat the carbon dioxide working fluid flowing out of the cold side outlet (44) of the low-temperature regenerator using the turbine exhaust gas flowing out of the turbine outlet (23); to input the turbine exhaust gas that has completed heat exchange into the low-temperature regenerator (4) through the hot side outlet (32) of the high-temperature regenerator; and to input the carbon dioxide working fluid that has completed heat exchange into the combustion chamber (1) through the cold side outlet (34) of the high-temperature regenerator. The low-temperature regenerator (4) is used to receive turbine exhaust gas flowing out of the hot side outlet (32) of the high-temperature regenerator through the hot side inlet (41) of the low-temperature regenerator; to receive carbon dioxide working fluid output by the pump (101) through the cold side inlet (43) of the low-temperature regenerator; to heat the carbon dioxide working fluid output by the pump (101) using the turbine exhaust gas flowing out of the hot side outlet (32) of the high-temperature regenerator; to let the turbine exhaust gas that has completed further heat exchange flow out from the hot side outlet (42) of the low-temperature regenerator, and to let the carbon dioxide working fluid that has completed further heat exchange flow out from the cold side outlet (44) of the low-temperature regenerator; wherein, the turbine exhaust gas flowing out from the hot side outlet (42) of the low-temperature regenerator is mixed with the target carbon dioxide gas discharged from the outlet of the carbon dioxide compressor and then input into the cooler, and the carbon dioxide working fluid flowing out from the cold side outlet (44) of the low-temperature regenerator is divided into two streams, one of which is input into the high-temperature regenerator (3) and the other of which is input into the turbine (2). The cooler (5) is used to receive a second mixture of turbine exhaust gas flowing out of the hot side outlet (42) of the low temperature regenerator and the target carbon dioxide gas discharged from the outlet (82) of the carbon dioxide compressor through the cooler inlet (51); to cool the second mixture, and to input the cooled second mixture into the gas-liquid separator (6) through the cooler outlet (52). The gas-liquid separator (6) is used to receive the cooled second mixture through the gas-liquid separator inlet (61); to separate the second mixture into gas and liquid, so that the water in the second mixture is discharged from the system in the form of liquid water through the liquid-side outlet (62), and the carbon dioxide in the second mixture is input into the vortex tube (7) in the form of gas through the gas-side outlet (63).

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The turbine (2) receives carbon dioxide working fluid flowing out of the cold side outlet (44) of the cryogenic regenerator through the cooling gas inlet (22) to cool the blades and rotor of the turbine (2).

6. The system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The system also includes: an oxygen compressor (102). The oxygen compressor (102) is provided with an oxygen compressor inlet (121) and an oxygen compressor outlet (122), and the oxygen compressor outlet (122) is connected to the oxygen inlet (12) of the combustion chamber (1).

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The oxygen compressor (102) is used to receive pure oxygen through the oxygen compressor inlet (121); compress the pure oxygen to obtain pure oxygen with the same pressure as the combustion chamber (1), and input it into the combustion chamber (1) through the oxygen compressor outlet (122).

8. A method for operating an Allam power cycle system employing a vortex tube, characterized in that, The method includes: The combustion chamber burns natural gas received from the natural gas inlet and pure oxygen received from the oxygen inlet to obtain combustion products. The combustion products are then mixed with carbon dioxide working fluid received from the carbon dioxide inlet to obtain a first mixture, which is then fed into the turbine through the combustion chamber outlet. The turbine utilizes the energy carried by the first mixture received from the combustion product inlet to output work, and discharges turbine exhaust from the turbine exhaust outlet and inputs it into a high-temperature regenerator; wherein, the turbine exhaust is the first mixture that performs work. The high-temperature regenerator uses turbine exhaust gas received from the hot side inlet of the high-temperature regenerator to heat the carbon dioxide working fluid received from the cold side inlet of the high-temperature regenerator, and the turbine exhaust gas that has completed heat exchange is input into the low-temperature regenerator through the hot side outlet of the high-temperature regenerator, and the carbon dioxide working fluid that has completed heat exchange is input into the combustion chamber through the cold side outlet of the high-temperature regenerator. The low-temperature regenerator uses turbine exhaust gas received from the hot side inlet of the low-temperature regenerator to heat the carbon dioxide working fluid received from the cold side inlet of the low-temperature regenerator. The turbine exhaust gas, which has completed further heat exchange, flows out from the hot side outlet of the low-temperature regenerator, and the carbon dioxide working fluid, which has completed further heat exchange, flows out from the cold side outlet of the low-temperature regenerator. The turbine exhaust gas flowing out from the hot side outlet of the low-temperature regenerator is mixed with the target carbon dioxide gas discharged from the outlet of the carbon dioxide compressor and then fed into the cooler. The carbon dioxide working fluid flowing out from the cold side outlet of the low-temperature regenerator is divided into two streams, one of which is fed into the high-temperature regenerator and the other of which is fed into the turbine. The cooler cools a second mixture of turbine exhaust gas received from the inlet of the cooler and the target carbon dioxide gas discharged from the outlet of the carbon dioxide compressor, and then inputs the cooled second mixture into the gas-liquid separator through the outlet of the cooler. The cooled second mixture received from the gas-liquid separator inlet is subjected to gas-liquid separation by the gas-liquid separator, so that the water in the second mixture is discharged from the system in the form of liquid water through the liquid side outlet, and the carbon dioxide in the second mixture is input into the vortex tube in the form of gas through the gas side outlet. The carbon dioxide gas received from the gas-liquid separator at the inlet of the vortex tube is separated to obtain three fluids: hot carbon dioxide gas, cold carbon dioxide gas, and carbon dioxide saturated liquid. The hot carbon dioxide gas discharged from the hot end tube outlet is mixed with the cold carbon dioxide gas discharged from the cold end tube outlet. The mixed carbon dioxide gas is then fed into the carbon dioxide compressor, and the carbon dioxide saturated liquid is fed into the separator. The mixed carbon dioxide gas received from the inlet of the carbon dioxide compressor is compressed by the carbon dioxide compressor to obtain a target carbon dioxide gas with the same pressure as the turbine exhaust gas flowing out of the hot side outlet of the low-temperature regenerator, and then discharged from the outlet of the carbon dioxide compressor; wherein the target carbon dioxide gas discharged from the outlet of the carbon dioxide compressor is mixed with the turbine exhaust gas flowing out of the hot side outlet of the low-temperature regenerator and then fed into the cooler. The separator separates the carbon dioxide saturated liquid received from the vortex tube at the separator inlet into two streams. One stream of the carbon dioxide saturated liquid is fed into a carbon dioxide storage tank for storage, and the other stream is fed into a pump to participate in the power cycle. The pump pressurizes the carbon dioxide-saturated liquid received from the separator at the pump inlet and inputs it to the cryogenic regenerator through the pump outlet.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The method further includes: The turbine receives carbon dioxide working fluid flowing from the cold side outlet of the cryogenic regenerator, and uses the carbon dioxide working fluid flowing from the cold side outlet of the cryogenic regenerator to cool the turbine blades and rotor.

10. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The method further includes: The pure oxygen received from the oxygen compressor inlet is compressed by the oxygen compressor to obtain pure oxygen at the same pressure as the combustion chamber, and then input into the combustion chamber through the oxygen compressor outlet.

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