A method for cultivating bud seedlings of auricula

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of bud seedling cultivation of sea snail oleander, and discloses a sea snail oleander bud seedling cultivation method, comprising the following steps: one, bud seedling cultivation, 1) mother tree selection; 2) fruit harvesting and threshing; 3) seed treatment; 4) nursery preparation; 5) bud seedling bed making; 6) bud seedling transplanting; 7) seedling stage observation; two, grafting, a) rootstock cultivation; b) scion; c) grafting method; d) loosening; e) post-grafting management. The sea snail oleander bud seedling cultivation method adopts the bud seedling transplanting cultivation mode for sea snail oleander seeds, greatly improves the survival rate and growth speed of seedlings, the growth speed of seedlings after transplanting is fast, the survival rate, leaf number and leaf size and other morphological indexes of the seedlings are basically 2-3 times those of seedlings without bud seedling transplanting, the asexual reproduction method of bud grafting and cutting grafting is used to improve the survival rate of grafting, and compared with seedlings, the seedlings have earlier flowering age, so that the drug farmers benefit early.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Magnolia denudata seedling cultivation technology, specifically a method for cultivating Magnolia denudata seedlings. Background Technology

[0002] The Magnolia officinalis, a unique species of Magnolia genus in Anhui Province, is native to Denglin Village, Shijing Township, Huaining County, Anqing City, Anhui Province. It is an excellent cultivated variety of Magnolia officinalis, a raw material for the traditional Chinese medicine Magnolia biondii. Since the 16th century, Shijing Township has been famous at home and abroad for harvesting flower buds for Chinese medicine, and it was the economic pillar of the people in the Hailuo Mountain area at that time.

[0003] Magnolia officinalis can be used as rootstock for bud grafting to cultivate seedlings. For example, Chinese patent CN 107125031 A discloses a method for cultivating Magnolia officinalis by bud grafting, which includes steps such as rootstock seedling cultivation, bud grafting, post-grafting management, pest and disease control, and transplanting into pots. This cultivation method is simple and orderly, and the use of Magnolia officinalis as rootstock for bud grafting to cultivate Magnolia officinalis has achieved remarkable results, greatly improving the survival rate and preserving the original characteristics of the parent plant to the greatest extent.

[0004] However, in recent years, due to the mixed pollen of different magnolia species and improper seed storage and sowing methods, the quality of medicinal buds has declined, resulting in mixed germplasm, low germination rate, uneven seedling quality, varietal degeneration, and reduced volatile oil content. This has seriously affected the reputation and market sales of Magnolia denudata products. There is an urgent need to achieve robust seedlings, pure varieties, and stable content of the medicinal components of Magnolia denudata through methods such as seedling transplantation and grafting, so as to promote early flowering, early high yield, and early benefits for Magnolia denudata. Therefore, a method for cultivating Magnolia denudata seedlings is proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for cultivating *Magnolia denudata* seedlings, which has advantages such as increasing the budding rate of *Magnolia denudata* plants and improving the volatile oil content. It solves the problems of mixed germplasm, low germination rate, uneven seedling quality, varietal degeneration, and reduced volatile oil content in flower buds, which lead to a decline in the quality of medicinal bud products and seriously affect the reputation and market sales of *Magnolia denudata* products.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for cultivating *Magnolia denudata* buds, comprising the following steps:

[0007] I. Sowing and Seedling Raising – “Sprout” Cultivation

[0008] 1) Selection of mother trees

[0009] Select healthy, robust Magnolia grandiflora plants from Hailuo Mountain that are over 50 years old, with full canopies, thick fruiting layers, good light penetration, early budding, plump seeds, and free from pests and diseases, as mother trees. Other Magnolia species should not be mixed in.

[0010] 2) Fruit harvesting and threshing

[0011] The fruit of the conch shell magnolia matures in September and October. It can be harvested when its aggregate follicles turn from yellowish-green to reddish-brown and a few cracks open to reveal red agate-like seeds.

[0012] Cut the follicles with high-branch pruning shears, collect them and spread them on the ground or in a well-ventilated indoor area. The thickness of the spread should not exceed 10cm. Let them dry for 5-7 days, allowing the follicles to split open naturally. The bright red seeds that fall off the follicles have a lot of fragrant white latex in their fleshy seed coat. Continue to spread them in a well-ventilated indoor area so that the not-yet-fully-mature embryos can continue to obtain nutrients from the white latex in the fleshy outer seed coat through the hilum.

[0013] 3) Seed treatment

[0014] Place the bright red seeds removed from the aggregate follicle in step 2) in a well-ventilated indoor area and let them dry for 5-7 days. When the aggregate follicle changes color, mix and rub them with sand, then rinse with clean water to remove the aril. Do not expose the washed seeds to direct sunlight to avoid affecting the germination rate.

[0015] For the seeds that have been extracted, first rinse them with clean water to remove empty and shriveled seeds, as well as fruit peels and pulp. Then, select the seeds that sink to the bottom of the bucket / basin and have a bony seed coat, which are plump and of high quality.

[0016] Because the hilum of the seed is attached with a filamentous and elastic pseudobulb, it often has residual fleshy seed coat, which is difficult to wash clean. During storage, it is prone to mold and rot, which can lead to embryo necrosis.

[0017] Therefore, when performing the first seed treatment, the seeds should be mixed with river sand and rubbed repeatedly to thoroughly remove the organic matter attached to the sunken seed hilum, so as to ensure that the seeds do not become moldy or rotten during storage.

[0018] 4) Nursery site preparation

[0019] Nursery site selection: The nursery site should be set up in a suitable location. The nursery site should be relatively flat, sheltered from the wind and sunny, with deep, loose, moist and fertile sandy loam or loam soil. Generally, the soil layer should be more than 80cm thick, the groundwater level should be less than 1m, the pH value should be 4.5-6.5, and the drainage and irrigation should be unobstructed.

[0020] Land preparation: Soil treatment and improvement: Deeply plow the nursery land in late autumn and early winter to a depth of 25-30cm, build drainage and irrigation facilities, and apply 100-200kg of cake fertilizer or compound fertilizer per mu. Then, before March of the following year, prepare the land into beds with a width of 1.0-1.5m and a height of 20-30cm. The walkway and ditch should be 40-50cm wide, requiring that water can be drained and irrigation can be carried out during drought.

[0021] 5) Creation of sprout hotbed

[0022] Seedbed preparation: In January-February, make a seedbed with fine sand in a sheltered and sunny place. After the seedbed is prepared, sterilize it. 10-15 days later, lay the treated seeds flat on the seedbed, then cover it with a layer of fine sand, just enough to cover the seeds. Immediately spray it with water and cover it with an arched film.

[0023] Transplanting time: After 10-15 days of germination, the seeds begin to emerge. When the hypocotyl of the seedling elongates to 5-6cm, the cotyledons extend to 2.5-3cm, and the primary roots are formed, the seedlings can be transplanted.

[0024] 6) Transplanting of seedlings

[0025] In April or May of the following year, when the seedlings from step 5) above meet the transplanting conditions, the seedlings can be transplanted.

[0026] Transplanting method: Prepare a transplanting bed that is 100-120cm wide and 20-30cm high. Set the row spacing for transplanting at 25cm and string the lines to form rows. Spray the soil with water until it is thoroughly wet. After the soil has dried slightly, transplant the seedlings that have been removed from the warm bed at a plant spacing of 25cm.

[0027] When planting, use bamboo strips to loosen the soil first, then plant the seedlings. Spread sawdust or rice husks between the rows to keep the soil moist and prevent the surface from drying out and cracking.

[0028] 7) Seedling stage observation

[0029] In the seedlings cultivated by two methods, namely, seedling transplanting and seedling not transplanting, 50 seedlings of 6 months age were randomly selected from each method, and their seedling height, ground diameter, number of leaves, and leaf length and width were compared.

[0030] II. Grafting

[0031] a) Rootstock cultivation

[0032] Use 1-2 year old seedlings of Magnolia denudata or Magnolia alba with a ground diameter of 0.8-1.2cm as rootstock;

[0033] b) scion

[0034] Select purebred superior mother plants of Magnolia denudata and collect scions located in the upper and middle part of the crown, with a diameter of 0.8-1.2cm, free from diseases and pests;

[0035] c) Grafting methods

[0036] Cleft grafting and bud grafting are used. The best time for cleft grafting is in spring, from February to March, when the rootstock is just sprouting. Use a well-developed one-year-old scion with plump leaf buds, cut it into scion segments 3-6cm long, with 1-2 strong buds.

[0037] Budding should be done on plump leaf buds from vigorous, lignified branches of the current year, preferably in August or September. The size of the peeled part on the rootstock should be equal to the size of the square bud patch. When wrapping the grafting part with plastic tape, the bud eye should be exposed so that the bud can sprout and grow after the grafting is successful.

[0038] d) Loosening

[0039] In cleft grafting or bud grafting, the grafting film is not loosened in the same year to prevent the scion from being broken by strong winds after it has survived. After the scion has been inspected and found to meet the survival standard, the grafting film at the junction of the rootstock and scion is loosened or cut open in February of the following year.

[0040] e) Post-implementation management

[0041] In addition to traditional water, fertilizer and pest and disease control management, when the new shoots of the scion grow to 15-20cm, the top shoots should be cut off in time to promote the germination of lateral buds, so as to form a full crown suitable for picking flower buds as soon as possible.

[0042] Preferably, the mother tree selected in step 1) also needs to meet the following conditions, such as having dense flower buds, no obvious pests or diseases, and strong resistance.

[0043] Preferably, the follicles in step 2) are dried fruits whose pericarps dry and crack when ripe, and the ground on which they are spread out should be well-ventilated and free from direct sunlight.

[0044] Preferably, the thickness of the seeds in step 3) does not exceed 2cm, and they need to be turned over 2-3 times a day.

[0045] Preferably, in step 3), the follicle is rinsed with water when its bright red outer seed coat changes from red to black, from hard to soft, and from smooth to wrinkled.

[0046] Preferably, in step 4), the nursery site should be located in a place with convenient transportation, sufficient labor, and water and power sources.

[0047] Preferably, in step 5), the length of the hotbed is not limited, the height of the bed is 20-25cm, and the disinfection in step 5) is to first perform preliminary disinfection with formalin solution, and then cover it with a film for secondary fumigation disinfection.

[0048] Preferably, the seedlings that meet the transplanting conditions in step 6) need to have a hypocotyl elongated to 5-6 cm, a cotyledon extended to 2.5-3 cm, one primary leaf emerging, and four lateral roots whorled below the root neck.

[0049] Preferably, the superior mother plant in step 1) is required to be over 50 years old and have the characteristics of vigorous growth, dense and large flower buds and high volatile oil content.

[0050] Preferably, the scions in step c) should be grafted immediately after harvesting. Scions that cannot be used on the same day can be sealed with pine wax to keep them moist and stored at low temperature for later use.

[0051] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a method for cultivating *Magnolia denudata* buds, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0052] 1. The cultivation method of Magnolia conchica seedlings, by using seedling transplantation of Magnolia conchica seeds, greatly improves the survival rate and growth rate of seedlings. After transplantation, the seedlings grow vigorously and rapidly. Their survival rate, seedling height, ground diameter, number of leaves and leaf size are basically 2-3 times that of seedlings that have not undergone seedling transplantation.

[0053] 2. The cultivation method of this sea snail spring flower seedling involves using formalin solution to initially disinfect the hotbed, followed by covering it with a thin film for fumigation and secondary disinfection. This effectively prevents pests and diseases from harming the seedlings, improves their resistance, and promotes the vigorous growth of the seedlings.

[0054] 3. The cultivation method of this *Magnolia denudata* seedling involves transplanting the seedlings. In early January, the seedlings are stored in a warm bed in sand, thoroughly watered, and covered with an arched film for insulation. They begin to germinate in March and are transplanted when they have 2-3 true leaves in April or May. Compared to the traditional method of storing seeds in sand indoors for winter and then sowing a small number of seeds after they crack open in late February or early March of the following year, this transplanting method provides superior sand storage conditions for the seedlings, resulting in better seedling development, higher germination rate, and better seedling growth, thus further improving the quality of the *Magnolia denudata* trees.

[0055] 4. The cultivation method of the Magnolia buds of this conch shell uses asexual reproduction methods such as "budding" and "cleft grafting" to make its flower buds more pure in quality as medicinal Magnolia biondii, increase the content of volatile oil in the flower buds, improve product quality, and thus enhance the reputation and market sales of Magnolia buds of the conch shell. In addition, it blooms earlier than seedlings grown from seed, allowing farmers to benefit earlier. Attached Figure Description

[0056] Figure 1 This is a photograph of the harvested fruit used in this invention.

[0057] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the fabrication of the hotbed according to the present invention;

[0058] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the seedling development of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the scion and grafted seedling of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 5 This is a picture of flower buds appearing on the grafted seedlings of this invention in the second year. Detailed Implementation

[0061] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0062] I. Sowing and Seedling Raising – “Sprout” Cultivation

[0063] 1) Selection of mother trees

[0064] Select healthy, robust Magnolia simonii plants from Hailuo Mountain that are over 50 years old, with thick fruiting layers, good light penetration, early budding, plump seeds, and free from pests and diseases, as mother trees. Other Magnolia species should not be mixed in.

[0065] Additionally, it should be noted that the mother tree must also meet the following conditions: full canopy, good light penetration, dense flower buds, plump seeds, no obvious pests or diseases, and strong resistance.

[0066] 2) Fruit harvesting and threshing

[0067] The fruit of the conch shell magnolia matures in September and October. It can be harvested when its aggregate follicles turn from yellowish-green to reddish-brown and a few cracks open to reveal red agate-like seeds.

[0068] Cut the follicles with high-branch pruning shears, collect them and spread them on the ground or in a well-ventilated indoor area. The thickness of the spread should not exceed 10cm. Let them dry for 5-7 days, allowing the follicles to split open naturally. The bright red seeds that fall off the follicles have a lot of fragrant white latex in their fleshy seed coat. Then, continue to spread them in a well-ventilated indoor area so that the not-yet-fully-matured embryos can continue to obtain nutrients from the white latex in the fleshy outer seed coat through the hilum.

[0069] Please refer to the actual product photos. Figure 1 ;

[0070] 3) Seed treatment

[0071] Place the bright red seeds removed from the aggregate follicle in step 2) in a well-ventilated indoor area for 5-7 days to dry. The thickness of the seeds should not exceed 2cm, and they need to be turned over 2-3 times a day. When the bright red outer seed coat turns from red to black, from hard to soft, and from smooth to wrinkled, then rub and wash off the seed coat.

[0072] The above-mentioned rubbing and washing to remove the seed coat involves soaking the seeds whose seed coats have turned black and soft in clean water, changing the water every 12 hours, soaking for 24 hours, and then mixing the water-absorbed and swollen seeds with river sand and rubbing them to squeeze out the seeds with hard, bony skin from their fleshy outer skin.

[0073] It should be added that when removing the seed coat for the first time, the seeds need to be mixed with river sand and rubbed and washed several times to thoroughly wash away the organic matter attached to the sunken hilum, so as to ensure that the seeds will not mold or rot during storage.

[0074] For the seeds that have been extracted, water selection is used to remove the dark brown or brownish seeds with bony seed coats that sink to the bottom. That is, first rinse the empty and shriveled seeds and the pericarp and pulp with clean water, and then take out the seeds that sink to the bottom of the bucket and are dark brown or brownish with bony seed coats.

[0075] 4) Nursery site preparation

[0076] Nursery site selection: The nursery site should be located in a place with convenient transportation, sufficient labor force, and water and power supply. The nursery site should be relatively flat, sheltered from the wind and sunny, with deep, loose, moist and fertile sandy loam-loam soil. Generally, the soil layer should be more than 80cm thick, the groundwater level should be less than 1m, the pH value should be 4.5-6.5, and the drainage and irrigation should be unobstructed.

[0077] Land preparation: Soil treatment and improvement: Deeply plow the nursery land in late autumn and early winter to a depth of 25-30cm, build drainage and irrigation facilities, and apply 100-200kg of cake fertilizer or compound fertilizer per mu. Then, before March of the following year, prepare the land into beds with a width of 1.0-1.5m and a height of 20-30cm. The walkway and ditch should be 40-50cm wide, requiring that water can be drained and irrigation can be carried out during drought.

[0078] 5) Creation of sprout hotbed

[0079] Seedbed preparation: In January-February, make a seedbed in a sheltered and sunny place using fine sand. The length is not limited, and the height of the seedbed should be 20-25cm. After the seedbed is prepared, disinfect it with formalin solution, cover it with a thin film to seal and sterilize it. After 10-15 days, lay the treated seeds flat on the seedbed, then cover it with a layer of fine sand, just enough to cover the seeds. Immediately spray it with water and cover it with an arched film.

[0080] Transplanting time: After 10-15 days of germination, the seeds begin to emerge. When the hypocotyl of the seedling elongates to 5-6cm, the cotyledons extend to 2.5-3cm, and the primary roots are formed, the seedlings can be transplanted.

[0081] Please refer to the actual product photos. Figure 2 ;

[0082] 6) Transplanting of seedlings

[0083] In April or May of the following year, when the seedlings from step 5) above meet the transplanting conditions, the seedlings can be transplanted.

[0084] Transplanting method: Prepare a transplanting bed that is 100-120cm wide and 20-30cm high. Set the row spacing for transplanting at 25cm and string the lines to form rows. Spray the soil with water until it is thoroughly wet. After the soil has dried slightly, transplant the seedlings that have been removed from the warm bed at a plant spacing of 25cm.

[0085] When planting, use bamboo strips to loosen the soil first, then plant the seedlings. Spread sawdust or rice husks between the rows to keep the soil moist and prevent it from drying out and cracking. It should be noted that after the seedlings are removed from the warm bed, in order to prevent them from dehydrating, they should be covered with a damp towel or placed in a basin of clean water. The amount of water in the basin should not be too much, just enough to submerge the bottom of the basin.

[0086] 7) Seedling stage observation

[0087] A comparison was made between two seedling cultivation methods: one without seedling transplantation and the other with seedling transplantation. The two methods were basically the same in terms of seed treatment and other aspects.

[0088] The difference is that the seedling cultivation method without transplanting seedlings involves storing the seeds in sand indoors for the winter, and then sowing them in the ground in late February to early March of the following year when a small number of seeds have cracked open and are showing white.

[0089] The "sprout" transplanting and cultivation method involves storing the seedlings in sand in the seedbed in early January during winter, immediately spraying them thoroughly with water, covering them with an arched film for insulation, and allowing them to germinate in March. When the seedlings have grown to have 2-3 true leaves in April or May, they are then transplanted.

[0090] In the seedlings cultivated by two methods, namely, seedling transplanting with and without seedling transplanting, 50 seedlings of 6 months age were randomly selected from each method. By comparing their seedling height, ground diameter, number of leaves, and leaf length and width, it can be concluded that the seedlings transplanted with seedlings are more robust, grow faster, and have a higher survival rate.

[0091] Its survival rate, seedling height, ground diameter, number of leaves, leaf size and other morphological indicators are basically 2-3 times that of seedlings that have not undergone "sprouting" transplanting;

[0092] For a comparison of the production of sprouts and seedlings, please see Table 1;

[0093] See also Figure 3 Figure 1 shows the development of seedlings; Table 1 compares seedling production under different breeding methods. The leaf size and leaf width are both average values ​​of the third leaf below the top leaf; II. Grafting

[0094] a) Rootstock cultivation

[0095] The rootstock sowing and "sprout" transplanting methods for seedling cultivation are the same, using 1-2 year old Magnolia denudata or Magnolia denudata seedlings with a ground diameter of 0.8-1.2cm as rootstock;

[0096] The scion and rootstock have strong compatibility, resulting in a high grafting survival rate, which is conducive to vigorous growth of grafted seedlings and stable and high yield of flower buds;

[0097] b) scion

[0098] Select healthy, vigorous, full-canopied, thick-fruited, well-lit, early-budding, plump-grained, disease-free, and over 50 years old, superior Magnolia officinalis trees located in Hailuoshan as mother trees. Collect scions from the upper and middle part of the canopy, with a diameter of 0.8-1.2 cm, and free from diseases and pests.

[0099] c) Grafting methods

[0100] Cleft grafting and bud grafting are used. The best time for cleft grafting is in spring, from February to March, when the rootstock is just sprouting. Use one-year-old branches that are well-developed and have plump leaf buds. Cut the scion into 3-6cm long sections with 1-2 strong buds.

[0101] Among them, scions should be grafted as soon as they are harvested. Scions that cannot be used on the same day can be sealed with pine wax to keep them moist and stored at low temperature for later use.

[0102] Budding should be done on plump leaf buds from vigorous, lignified branches of the current year, ideally in August or September.

[0103] It should be noted that the size of the peeled part on the rootstock should be equal to the size of the square bud patch. When wrapping the grafting part with plastic tape, the bud eye should be exposed so that the bud can sprout and grow after the grafting is successful.

[0104] Using grafting asexual reproduction methods such as budding and cleft grafting can improve the grafting survival rate and, compared with seedlings grown from seed, they begin to flower earlier, allowing medicinal herb farmers to benefit earlier.

[0105] The above methods were implemented in spring and autumn respectively in this project. The experiment showed that the survival rate of bud grafting was the highest in autumn, followed by cleft grafting in spring.

[0106] See Table 2 for details;

[0107] See also Figure 4 Image of a grafted seedling using a scion;

[0108] See also Figure 5 Flower buds appearing on grafted seedlings in the second year; Table 2: Comparison of survival rates for different grafting methods. d) Loosening

[0109] In cleft grafting or bud grafting, the grafting film should not be loosened in the same year to prevent the scion from breaking in strong winds after it has taken root. After the scion has been inspected and found to meet the survival standard, the grafting film at the junction of the rootstock and scion should be loosened or cut open in February of the following year to prevent the bark at the junction from sinking severely due to prolonged binding, which would affect the subsequent growth and harvesting of flower buds.

[0110] e) Post-implementation management

[0111] In addition to traditional water, fertilizer and pest and disease control management, when the new shoots of the scion grow to 15-20cm, the top shoots should be cut off in time to promote the germination of lateral buds, so as to form a full crown suitable for picking flower buds as soon as possible.

[0112] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Through seedling transplantation, the seedlings are stored in a warm bed in sand in early January, thoroughly watered, and covered with an arched film for insulation. Germination begins in March, and the seedlings are transplanted when they have 2-3 true leaves in April or May. Compared to the traditional method of storing seeds indoors in sand over winter and then sowing a small number of seeds after they crack open in late February or early March of the following year, this transplanted seedling cultivation method provides superior sand storage conditions and results in better seedling development. This method of seedling transplantation for cultivating *Magnolia denudata* seeds demonstrates its superior cultivation techniques. This method greatly improves the survival rate and growth rate of seedlings. After transplanting, the seedlings grow vigorously and rapidly, with an extremely high survival rate. Their survival rate, seedling height, ground diameter, number of leaves, and leaf size are basically 2-3 times that of seedlings that have not been transplanted. By using asexual reproduction methods such as budding and cleft grafting, the grafting survival rate can be improved. Compared with seedlings grown from seed, the germination rate, volatile oil content of flower buds is higher, and the flowering age is earlier, allowing farmers to benefit earlier and thus improving the reputation and market sales of the Conch Magnolia flower product.

[0113] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating *Magnolia denudata* buds, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: I. Sowing and Seedling Raising – Seedling Cultivation 1) Selection of mother trees Select healthy, robust Magnolia grandiflora plants from Hailuo Mountain that are over 50 years old, with full canopies, thick fruiting layers, good light penetration, early budding, plump seeds, and free from pests and diseases, as mother trees. Other Magnolia species should not be mixed in. 2) Fruit harvesting and threshing The fruit of the conch shell magnolia matures in September and October. It can be harvested when its aggregate follicles turn from yellowish-green to reddish-brown and a few cracks open to reveal red agate-like seeds. Cut the follicles with high-branch pruning shears, collect them and spread them on the ground or in a well-ventilated indoor area. The thickness of the spread should not exceed 10cm. Let them dry for 5-7 days, allowing the follicles to split open naturally. The bright red seeds that fall off the follicles have a lot of fragrant white latex in their fleshy seed coat. Continue to spread them in a well-ventilated indoor area so that the not-yet-fully-mature embryos can continue to obtain nutrients from the white latex in the fleshy outer seed coat through the hilum. 3) Seed treatment Place the bright red seeds removed from the aggregate follicle in step 2) in a well-ventilated indoor area and let them dry for 5-7 days. When the aggregate follicle changes color, mix and rub them with sand, then rinse with clean water to remove the aril. Do not expose the washed seeds to direct sunlight to avoid affecting the germination rate. For the seeds that have been extracted, first rinse them with clean water to remove empty and shriveled seeds, as well as fruit peels and pulp. Then, select the seeds that sink to the bottom of the bucket / basin and have a bony seed coat, which are plump and of high quality. Because the hilum of the seed is attached with a filamentous and elastic pseudobulb, it often has residual fleshy seed coat, which is difficult to wash clean. During storage, it is prone to mold and rot, which can lead to embryo necrosis. Therefore, when performing the first seed treatment, the seeds should be mixed with river sand and rubbed repeatedly to thoroughly remove the organic matter attached to the sunken seed hilum, so as to ensure that the seeds do not become moldy or rotten during storage. 4) Nursery site preparation Nursery site selection: The nursery site should be set up in a suitable location. The nursery site should be relatively flat, sheltered from the wind and sunny, with deep, loose, moist and fertile sandy loam or loam soil. Generally, the soil layer should be more than 80cm thick, the groundwater level should be less than 1m, the pH value should be 4.5-6.5, and drainage and irrigation should be unobstructed. Land preparation: Soil treatment and improvement: Deeply plow the nursery land in late autumn and early winter to a depth of 25-30cm, build drainage and irrigation facilities, and apply 100-200kg of cake fertilizer or compound fertilizer per mu. Then, before March of the following year, prepare the land into beds with a width of 1.0-1.5m and a height of 20-30cm. The walkway and ditch should be 40-50cm wide, requiring that water can be drained and irrigation can be carried out during drought. 5) Creation of sprout hotbed Seedbed preparation: In January-February, make a seedbed with fine sand in a sheltered and sunny place. After the seedbed is prepared, sterilize it. 10-15 days later, lay the treated seeds flat on the seedbed, then cover it with a layer of fine sand, just enough to cover the seeds. Immediately spray it with water and cover it with an arched film. Transplanting time: After 10-15 days of germination, the seeds begin to emerge. When the hypocotyl of the seedling elongates to 5-6cm, the cotyledons extend to 2.5-3cm, and the primary roots are formed, the seedlings can be transplanted. 6) Transplanting of seedlings In April or May of the following year, when the seedlings from step 5) above meet the transplanting conditions, the seedlings can be transplanted. Transplanting method: Prepare a transplanting bed that is 100-120cm wide and 20-30cm high. Set the row spacing for transplanting at 25cm and string the lines to form rows. Spray the soil with water until it is thoroughly wet. After the soil has dried slightly, transplant the seedlings that have been removed from the warm bed at a plant spacing of 25cm. When planting, use bamboo strips to loosen the soil first, then plant the seedlings. Spread sawdust or rice husks between the rows to keep the soil moist and prevent the surface from drying out and cracking. 7) Seedling stage observation In the seedlings cultivated by two methods, namely "sprouting" and "not transplanting", 50 seedlings of 6 months age were randomly selected from each method, and their seedling height, ground diameter, number of leaves and leaf length and width were compared. II. Grafting a) Rootstock cultivation Use 1-2 year old seedlings of Magnolia denudata or Magnolia alba with a ground diameter of 0.8-1.2cm as rootstock; b) scion Select purebred superior mother plants of Magnolia denudata and collect scions located in the upper and middle part of the crown, with a diameter of 0.8-1.2cm, free from diseases and pests; c) Grafting methods Cleft grafting and bud grafting are used. The best time for cleft grafting is in spring, from February to March, when the rootstock is just sprouting. Use a well-developed one-year-old scion with plump leaf buds, cut it into scion segments 3-6cm long, with 1-2 strong buds. Budding should be done on plump leaf buds from vigorous, lignified branches of the current year, preferably in August or September. The size of the peeled part on the rootstock should be equal to the size of the square bud patch. When wrapping the grafting part with plastic tape, the bud eye should be exposed so that the bud can sprout and grow after the grafting is successful. d) Loosening In cleft grafting or bud grafting, the grafting film is not loosened in the same year to prevent the scion from being broken by strong winds after it has survived. After the scion has been inspected and found to meet the survival standard, the grafting film at the junction of the rootstock and scion is loosened or cut open in February of the following year. e) Post-implementation management In addition to traditional water, fertilizer and pest and disease control management, when the new shoots of the scion grow to 15-20cm, the top shoots should be cut off in time to promote the germination of lateral buds, so as to form a full crown suitable for picking flower buds as soon as possible.

2. The method for cultivating *Magnolia denudata* seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mother trees selected in step 1) also need to meet the following conditions, such as having dense flower buds, no obvious pests or diseases, and strong resistance.

3. The method for cultivating *Magnolia denudata* buds according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2), the follicle is a dried fruit whose pericarp dries and cracks when it is ripe. The ground where it is spread out should be well-ventilated and free from direct sunlight.

4. The method for cultivating *Magnolia denudata* buds according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3), the thickness of the seeds should not exceed 2cm, and they need to be turned over 2-3 times a day.

5. The method for cultivating *Magnolia denudata* buds according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3), the follicles are rinsed with water when their bright red outer seed coat changes from red to black, from hard to soft, and from smooth to wrinkled.

6. The method for cultivating *Magnolia denudata* buds according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4), the nursery site should be located in a place with convenient transportation, sufficient labor, and water and power sources.

7. The method for cultivating *Magnolia denudata* seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 5), the length of the hotbed is not limited, and the height of the bed is 20-25cm. The disinfection in step 5) is to first perform preliminary disinfection with formalin solution, and then cover it with a film for secondary fumigation disinfection.

8. The method for cultivating *Magnolia denudata* seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 6), the seedlings that meet the transplanting conditions need to have a hypocotyl elongated to 5-6 cm, a cotyledon extended to 2.5-3 cm, one primary leaf emerging, and four lateral roots whorled below the root neck.

9. The method for cultivating *Magnolia denudata* buds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The superior mother plants in step 1) are required to be over 50 years old and have the characteristics of vigorous growth, dense and large flower buds, and high volatile oil content.

10. The method for cultivating *Magnolia denudata* buds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scions in step c) should be grafted immediately after harvesting. Scions that cannot be used on the same day can be sealed with pine wax to keep them moist and stored at low temperature for later use.

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