An adsorption type anti-loosening bolt assembly

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of fasteners and discloses an adsorption type anti-loosening bolt assembly, comprising a bolt and a nut, the bolt comprising a head and a screw, the nut comprising a nut body cooperating with the screw and a mating ring coaxially rotatably arranged at an end of the nut body away from the head, an adsorption port being provided at an end of the nut body close to the head, an air storage chamber being provided in the nut body, a piston assembly being sealingly and telescopically provided in the air storage chamber and capable of driving the adsorption port to switch between normal pressure and negative pressure, an end of the piston assembly away from the head being relatively rotatably matched with the mating ring, a locking mechanism being provided between the screw and the mating ring for locking the two when the mating ring moves to a specified position with the nut body, when the mating ring is locked with the screw, the screw continues to advance relative to the nut body, and the negative pressure of the adsorption port tends to gradually increase, and in the above-mentioned bolt assembly, the nut and the bolt are triple-locked on the assembly object by tightening and adsorption locking, which significantly improves the firmness and stability of the assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of fasteners, and in particular to an adsorption-type anti-loosening bolt assembly. Background Art

[0002] Bolts and nuts are common fastening components. They are generally stable when used in static situations. However, when used in dynamic situations such as tracks or seismic components, there is a possibility that the nuts and bolts will loosen. Once the nuts and bolts loosen, the installed components will be unstable or even fall off.

[0003] Chinese patent publication number CN210830056U discloses an anti-loosening bolt comprising a bolt head and a screw rod, wherein a blind hole is vertically provided on the screw rod, and a limiting pin is installed in the blind hole after the nut is screwed on to limit the nut from falling out.

[0004] Since the thickness of the fastened objects varies, the above structure can only prevent the nut from falling off the screw, but cannot solve the problem of the nut loosening, and may still cause the fastened objects to loosen or flip over. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the disadvantage that the prior art anti-loosening bolts still have the problem of loosening, the present invention provides an adsorption-type anti-loosening bolt assembly which significantly reduces the probability of loosening.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is solved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] An adsorption type anti-loosening bolt assembly includes a bolt and a nut, the bolt includes a head and a screw, the nut includes a nut body that cooperates with the screw and a mating ring that is coaxially rotatable with the end of the nut body away from the head, an adsorption port is provided at the end of the nut body close to the head, an air storage chamber is provided in the nut body, a piston assembly that can drive the adsorption port to switch between normal pressure and negative pressure is sealed and telescopically provided in the air storage chamber, the end of the piston assembly away from the head is relatively rotated with the mating ring, and a locking mechanism is provided between the screw and the mating ring to achieve locking of the two when the mating ring moves to a specified position with the nut body. When the mating ring and the screw are locked, the screw continues to advance relative to the nut body, and the negative pressure of the adsorption port tends to gradually increase.

[0008] With the above solution, the nut body is configured as a mating ring and a nut body. The mating ring can rotate relative to the nut body. A locking mechanism that can be locked at any time is provided between the mating ring and the bolt, and the nut body is provided with a piston assembly. The piston assembly is connected to the mating ring and can change the distance between the mating ring and the nut body. The advantage of the above arrangement is that when the nut is rotated to a certain distance from the head (slightly greater than the thickness of the assembled object), the locking mechanism is switched to a locked state. At this time, the distance between the nut and the head continues to shorten, and the distance between the mating ring and the nut body increases, driving the piston assembly to a vacuum state. Once the nut body contacts the assembled object, the suction port will switch from normal pressure to a negative pressure state, and the negative pressure will continue to increase. The nut not only locks the assembled object but also absorbs the assembled object. In addition, because the locking mechanism is in a locked state with the screw, the nut can also prevent the nut from loosening from the screw. Therefore, the nut and bolt are triple-locked to the assembled object through tightening and suction locking, significantly improving the firmness and stability of the assembly, and can be unlocked at any time.

[0009] Preferably, the locking mechanism includes limiting grooves arranged at axial intervals along the screw and telescopic teeth telescopically arranged on the inner wall of the mating ring and capable of being inserted into the limiting grooves when extended, and the extension and retraction of the telescopic teeth is controlled by a driving component.

[0010] By adopting the above scheme, the limiting accuracy can be adjusted according to the setting density of the limiting groove. The nut is limited on the screw rod by the limiting between the telescopic teeth and the limiting groove, preventing the nut from loosening from the screw rod.

[0011] Preferably, a positioning guide mechanism is provided between the screw and the mating ring to ensure that the telescopic teeth can automatically insert into the limiting groove when extending.

[0012] By adopting the above solution and setting up a positioning guide mechanism, the mating ring can be prevented from deflecting relative to the screw, and the telescopic teeth can be driven to always face the limit groove. When locking is required, only the limit teeth need to be aligned with the limit groove, and there is no need to rotate the mating ring for alignment. For some installations located in visual blind spots, the convenience and efficiency of installation can be improved.

[0013] Preferably, the positioning guide mechanism includes a guide groove extending along the axial direction of the screw on the outer wall of the screw, and the limit groove is arranged at intervals at the bottom of the guide groove. When retracting, the telescopic tooth disengages from the limit groove and engages with the guide groove.

[0014] By adopting the above scheme, after the guide groove is matched with the telescopic tooth guide, the matching ring can only move back and forth along the axial direction of the bolt. It only needs to align the telescopic tooth with a limit groove so that it can be directly plugged into the limit groove for limiting when it is extended, which can significantly improve the convenience of operation.

[0015] Preferably, the driving component includes an elastic member arranged in the mating ring for driving the telescopic teeth to be in an extended state, and a driving ring arranged outside the mating ring. A pulling component is fixed to the end of the telescopic teeth close to the elastic member, and the end of the pulling component away from the telescopic teeth passes through the outer wall of the mating ring and is fixedly connected to the driving ring.

[0016] By adopting the above solution, the driving ring can simultaneously drive all the pulling components to move, thereby driving multiple telescopic teeth to achieve contraction movement, and the driving ring only needs to slide along the matching ring to achieve pulling of the pulling components, which is convenient to operate and easy to implement.

[0017] Preferably, a limiting member is provided on the mating ring for driving the telescopic teeth into a retracted state. The limiting member is a clamping member. A retaining ring is protruded on the outer wall of the mating ring at one end close to the nut body. The clamping member is detachably clamped between the driving ring and the retaining ring and drives the pulling member to pull the telescopic teeth into a retracted state.

[0018] By adopting the above scheme, when the clamp is clamped between the mating ring and the retaining ring, the pulling component can be driven into a pulling state, that is, the telescopic teeth are in a contracted state, and the nut body can be rotated on the screw to adjust the position; just remove the clamp, the elastic part will reset and drive the telescopic teeth to extend, and the drive ring will be reset and sleeved on the mating ring as the telescopic teeth extend.

[0019] Preferably, the piston assembly includes several telescopic rods arranged at circumferential intervals around the screw, a piston block fixed to the end of the telescopic rod and a connecting ring. The end of the telescopic rod away from the piston block is fixed to the connecting ring, and the connecting ring is rotatably set on the mating ring. There are several corresponding air storage chambers independently arranged, and a piston block is sealed and moved in each air storage chamber. At least one adsorption port is provided at the bottom of each air storage chamber.

[0020] By adopting the above scheme, multiple piston blocks and air storage chambers are set up, and synchronous connection is achieved through a connecting ring. The advantage is that the adsorption ports corresponding to each air storage chamber are independent of each other. If the surface of the assembly object is not flat, only one air storage chamber needs to be in contact with the assembly object to achieve adsorption limitation between the nut body and the assembly object. Therefore, the above setting can significantly improve the probability of adsorption.

[0021] Preferably, an elastic layer for increasing the fit and sealing performance is fixed to one end of the nut body away from the mating ring, and a fitting opening corresponding to the adsorption opening is provided on the elastic layer.

[0022] By adopting the above solution, after the elastic layer is provided, the contact surface between the nut body and the assembly object can be significantly increased through the deformation of the elastic layer, thereby increasing the firmness and area of adsorption.

[0023] Preferably, the fitting opening is in the shape of a trumpet with a large outside and a small inside.

[0024] By adopting the above solution, the trumpet shape can increase the adsorption area, thereby increasing the stability and firmness of the adsorption.

[0025] The present invention, by adopting the above technical solution, has significant technical effects: the nut body is configured as a mating ring and a nut body, the mating ring being rotatable relative to the nut body, a locking mechanism being provided between the mating ring and the bolt, and a piston assembly being provided on the nut body, which is rotatably connected to the mating ring to change the distance between the mating ring and the nut body. The advantage of this arrangement is that when the nut is rotated to a distance from the head (slightly greater than the thickness of the assembled object), the locking mechanism is switched to a locked state. At this time, the distance between the nut and the head is further shortened, and the distance between the mating ring and the nut body is increased, driving the piston assembly to a degassing state. Once the nut body contacts the assembled object, the suction port switches from normal pressure to a negative pressure state, and the negative pressure continues to increase. The nut not only locks the assembled object but also attracts the assembled object. In addition, because the locking mechanism is locked with the screw, the nut can also prevent the nut from loosening from the screw. Therefore, the nut and the bolt are triple-locked to the assembled object through tightening, attraction, and locking, significantly improving the firmness and stability of the assembly, and can be unlocked at any time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a disassembled diagram of an adsorption-type anti-loosening bolt assembly of this embodiment;

[0027] Figure 2 is an axonometric view of the nut of this embodiment;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a front view of the nut of this embodiment;

[0029] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 AA cross-sectional view;

[0030] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A magnified view of A;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a front view of the nut of this embodiment when it is in the adsorption state;

[0032] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Cross-sectional view of BB;

[0033] Figure 8-Figure 9 1 is a disassembled diagram of the nut of this embodiment;

[0034] Figure 10 This is a front view of the bolt assembly of this embodiment when it is locked;

[0035] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 Cross-sectional view of CC.

[0036] The names of the parts indicated by the numerical labels in the above drawings are as follows: 1. Head; 2. Screw; 3. Guide groove; 4. Limit groove; 5. Nut body; 501. Adsorption port; 502. Air storage chamber; 6. Elastic layer; 601. Fitting port; 7. Drive ring; 8. Clamp; 81. Give way groove; 9. Handle block; 10. Matching ring; 1001. Accommodating groove; 1002. Through groove; 11. Telescopic tooth; 12. Stop block; 1201. Passing groove; 13. Stop ring; 14. Elastic part; 15. Pulling component; 16. Connecting ring; 17. Telescopic rod; 18. Piston block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0038] Example

[0039] An adsorption type anti-loosening bolt assembly, referring to Figures 1-11 As shown, it includes a bolt and a nut, the bolt includes a head 1 and a screw 2, the nut includes a nut body 5 that cooperates with the screw 2 and a mating ring 10 that is concentrically rotated at the end of the nut body 5 away from the head 1, and a suction port 501 is provided at the end of the nut body 5 close to the head 1. A pressure switching mechanism is provided between the nut body 5 and the mating ring 10, which can adjust the distance between the two and change the pressure of the suction port 501 as the distance between the two changes. The pressure switching mechanism includes an air storage chamber 502 that is recessed at one end of the nut body 5 close to the mating ring 10, and a piston assembly that is sealed and telescopically arranged in the air storage chamber 502. The end of the piston assembly away from the head 1 is relatively rotated with the mating ring 10. As the distance between the mating ring 10 and the nut body 5 increases, the negative pressure at the suction port 501 will continue to increase.

[0040] In order to increase the probability and adsorption area of adsorption, refer to Figure 8-Figure 9As shown, the piston assembly includes a plurality of telescopic rods 17 circumferentially spaced around the screw 2, a piston block 18 fixed to the end of the telescopic rod 17, and a connecting ring 16. The end of the telescopic rod 17 away from the piston block 18 is fixed to the connecting ring 16, and the connecting ring 16 is rotatably arranged on the mating ring 10. A plurality of independent air storage chambers 502 are correspondingly arranged at circumferential intervals on one side of the nut body 5 close to the mating ring 10. A piston block 18 is sealed and moved in each air storage chamber 502. At least one suction port 501 is provided at the bottom of each air storage chamber 502. An elastic layer 6 that increases the fit and sealing properties is fixed to the end of the nut body 5 away from the mating ring 10. The elastic layer 6 is provided with a fitting port 601 corresponding to the adsorption port 501. The fitting port 601 is in the shape of a trumpet with a large outside and a small inside. A stopper 12 is fixed at one end of the nut body 5 close to the mating ring 10 to limit the disengagement of the piston block 18. The stopper 12 is provided with a groove 1201 for only allowing the telescopic rod 17 to pass through. The stopper 12 is preferably made of elastic material. The advantage of the above arrangement is that the adsorption ports 501 corresponding to each air storage cavity 502 are independent of each other. If the surface of the assembly object is not flat, only one air storage cavity 502 is required to fit with the assembly object, so that the adsorption limit of the nut body 5 and the assembly object can be achieved, which can significantly improve the probability of adsorption.

[0041] A locking mechanism is provided between the screw 2 and the matching ring 10 to lock the two when the matching ring 10 moves to a specified position along with the nut body. Figure 2-Figure 7 As shown, the locking mechanism includes a limiting groove 4 arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the screw 2 and a telescopic tooth 11 arranged on the inner wall of the matching ring 10 and can be inserted into the limiting groove 4 when extended. The extension and contraction of the telescopic tooth 11 is controlled by a driving component. There are at least two telescopic teeth 11 evenly spaced around the axial direction of the matching ring 10. In this embodiment, there are two telescopic teeth 11. The inner wall of the matching ring 10 is symmetrically recessed with a receiving groove 1001. The driving component includes two ends set in the receiving groove 1001. An elastic member 14 is elastically abutted against the telescopic tooth 11 and the bottom of the accommodating groove 1001 respectively. The elastic member 14 drives the telescopic tooth 11 to be in an extended state. A driving ring 7 is sleeved on the outside of the mating ring 10. A pulling component 15 is fixed to the end of the telescopic tooth 11 close to the elastic member 14. The pulling component 15 is a pull rope. A through groove 1002 connected to the outer wall of the mating ring 10 is provided at the bottom of the accommodating groove 1001. The end of the pull rope away from the telescopic tooth 11 passes through the through groove 1002 and is fixedly connected to the driving ring 7.

[0042] In order to facilitate positioning, a positioning guide mechanism is provided between the screw 2 and the matching ring to ensure that the telescopic teeth 11 can automatically insert into the limiting groove 4 when extended. Figure 1 、 Figure 10 as well as Figure 11As shown, the positioning guide mechanism includes a guide groove 3 provided on the outer wall of the screw 2 and extending along the axial direction of the screw 2. In this embodiment, two groups of guide grooves 3 are symmetrically provided, and the limiting grooves 4 are spaced apart at the bottom of the guide grooves 3. The telescopic teeth 11 disengage from the limiting grooves 4 when retracted and are plugged into and matched with the guide grooves 3. In the above structure, the matching ring 10 can only move back and forth along the axial direction of the bolt. It only needs to align the telescopic teeth 11 with a limiting groove 4 so that it can be directly plugged into the limiting groove 4 for limiting when it is extended, which can significantly improve the convenience of operation.

[0043] In order to facilitate assembly, a limiter is provided on the mating ring 10 to drive the telescopic teeth 11 to be in a contracted state. The limiter is a clamping member. Figure 2 As shown, the clamp includes a clamp 8 that can be elastically clamped on the matching ring 10 and a hand-held block 9 protruding from the outer wall of the clamp 8 on the side away from the opening. A clearance groove 81 for the pull rope to pass through is provided on the clamp 8. A retaining ring 13 is protruded on the outer wall of the matching ring 10 at one end close to the nut body 5. The clamp 8 is elastically clamped between the drive ring 7 and the retaining ring 13 and drives the telescopic teeth 11 to be in a retracted state.

[0044] Principle of operation: When it is necessary to lock the assembled object, first pass the bolt through the mounting hole and assemble the nut on the bolt. The telescopic teeth 11 on the matching ring 10 are inserted into the guide groove 3, and the nut body 5 or the bolt is rotated until the distance between the nut body 5 and the head 1 is slightly larger than the assembled object by 3-5mm. Then, the clamp is pulled out to drive the telescopic teeth 11 to extend and insert into the corresponding limiting groove 4. At this time, the limiting matching ring 10 moves axially and circumferentially on the screw 2, pressing the nut body 5, and the nut body 5 fits the assembled object. Then, the bolt is tightened. As the distance between the bolt and the nut body 5 continues to decrease, the negative pressure at the suction port 501 continues to increase, and the nut is firmly adsorbed on the surface of the assembled object. There is no need to continue pressing the nut body 5. The head 1 can be rotated with one hand until the bolt and the nut body 5 are completely pressed on both sides of the assembled object. The nut body 5 is tightened and adsorbed on the surface of the assembled object, and the telescopic teeth 11 and the limiting groove 4 prevent the nut body 5 from loosening, thereby achieving triple locking.

Claims

1. An adsorption type anti-loosening bolt assembly, comprising a bolt and a nut, wherein the bolt comprises a head (1) and a screw (2), and is characterized in that: The nut comprises a nut body (5) matched with a screw rod (2) and a matching ring (10) coaxially arranged on an end of the nut body (5) away from the head (1); an adsorption port (501) is arranged on an end of the nut body (5) close to the head (1); an air storage chamber (502) is arranged in the nut body (5); a piston assembly capable of driving the adsorption port (501) to switch between normal pressure and negative pressure is sealed and telescopically arranged in the air storage chamber (502); an end of the piston assembly away from the head (1) is relatively rotated with the matching ring (10); a locking mechanism is arranged between the screw rod (2) and the matching ring (10) to achieve locking of the two when the matching ring (10) moves to a specified position with the nut body (5); when the matching ring (10) is locked with the screw rod (2), the screw rod (2) continues to advance relative to the nut body (5), and the negative pressure of the adsorption port (501) tends to gradually increase.

2. The adsorption type anti-loosening bolt assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking mechanism comprises limiting grooves (4) arranged on the screw (2) at intervals along the axial direction of the screw (2) and telescopic teeth (11) arranged telescopically on the inner wall of the matching ring (10) and capable of being inserted into the limiting grooves (4) when extended. The extension and retraction of the telescopic teeth (11) is controlled by a driving component.

3. The adsorption type anti-loosening bolt assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: A positioning guide mechanism is provided between the screw (2) and the matching ring (10) to ensure that the telescopic teeth (11) can automatically insert into the limiting groove (4) when extending.

4. The adsorption type anti-loosening bolt assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that: The positioning guide mechanism comprises a guide groove (3) provided on the outer wall of the screw (2) and extending along the axial direction of the screw (2); the limiting groove (4) is provided at intervals at the bottom of the guide groove (3); and the telescopic tooth (11) disengages from the limiting groove (4) when retracting and is plugged into the guide groove (3).

5. The adsorption type anti-loosening bolt assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that: The driving component comprises an elastic member (14) arranged in the matching ring (10) for driving the telescopic tooth (11) to be in an extended state, and a driving ring (7) sleeved on the outside of the matching ring (10); a pulling member (15) is fixed to the end of the telescopic tooth (11) close to the elastic member (14); and the end of the pulling member (15) away from the telescopic tooth (11) passes through the outer wall of the matching ring (10) and is fixedly connected to the driving ring (7).

6. The adsorption type anti-loosening bolt assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that: A limiting member for driving the telescopic teeth (11) into a retracted state is provided on the mating ring (10). The limiting member is a clamping member. A retaining ring (13) is protruded on the outer wall of the mating ring (10) at one end close to the nut body (5). The clamping member is detachably clamped between the driving ring (7) and the retaining ring (13) and drives the pulling member (15) to pull the telescopic teeth (11) into a retracted state.

7. The adsorption type anti-loosening bolt assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piston assembly comprises a plurality of telescopic rods (17) arranged at intervals around the screw (2), a piston block (18) fixed to the end of the telescopic rod (17), and a connecting ring (16). The end of the telescopic rod (17) away from the piston block (18) is fixed to the connecting ring (16), and the connecting ring (16) is rotatably arranged on the matching ring (10). The air storage chambers (502) are independently arranged in a plurality of corresponding ones. A piston block (18) is sealed and moved in each air storage chamber (502), and at least one adsorption port (501) is provided at the bottom of each air storage chamber (502).

8. The adsorption type anti-loosening bolt assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that: An elastic layer (6) for improving the fit and sealing properties is fixed to one end of the nut body (5) away from the matching ring (10), and a fitting port (601) corresponding to the adsorption port (501) is provided on the elastic layer (6).

9. The adsorption type anti-loosening bolt assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fitting opening (601) is in the shape of a trumpet with a large outside and a small inside.

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