A freeze-thaw landslide physical model monitoring system

Abstract

The present invention relates to a freeze-thaw landslide physical model monitoring system, comprising: a monitoring box, an angle adjustment device, the monitoring box is fixed on the angle adjustment device, the angle adjustment device can drive the monitoring box to tilt to adjust the simulated landslide angle; a landslide simulation device, the landslide simulation device comprises a base, a sliding belt, a sliding body and a pushing component, the base is fixed to the bottom of the monitoring box, the sliding belt is fixed on the base, the sliding belt can cool down and condense and heat up and melt to simulate the freeze-thaw effect, the sliding body is placed on the sliding belt, the pushing component is fixed on the side wall of the box and has a telescopic end that pushes the sliding body to move relative to the sliding belt to simulate the landslide situation; an unloading device, the unloading device is arranged on the top of the sliding body and is used to apply an unloading effect to the landslide simulation device; a water volume regulating device, the water volume regulating device is connected to the sliding belt and is used to regulate the water volume in the sliding belt; and a data acquisition device, the data acquisition device is arranged in the monitoring box and in the sliding belt and is used to monitor the landslide situation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of landslide simulation tests, in particular to a freeze-thaw landslide physical model monitoring system. Background Art

[0002] Freeze-thaw refers to the process in which water in a rock mass freezes due to low nighttime temperatures and melts due to rising daytime temperatures. During this process, the rock mass's pore water repeatedly freezes and thaws, reducing its stability. Therefore, a device is needed to simulate the instability of a landslide mass under freeze-thaw conditions.

[0003] For example, patent CN201910703267.X provides a landslide model test device, which includes a landslide model box, which contains a model slope and a freeze-thaw action unit. The model slope is stacked on the bottom plate of the landslide model box, with one side of the model slope being sloped as a free slope surface. The other sides of the model slope are constrained by the side plates of the landslide model box so that the cross-section of the model slope perpendicular to the slope surface is a right-angled trapezoid. The freeze-thaw simulation unit includes a condensation pipe network corresponding to and buried below the slope surface, connected to the main body of the heat exchange equipment outside the landslide model box. Several temperature sensors are also buried below the slope surface. This device can effectively carry out experiments to simulate the impact of seasonal freeze-thaw on landslide geological hazards. In combination with existing rainfall systems, it can effectively carry out experiments to simulate the impact of freeze-thaw-induced sliding under the action of water on landslide geological hazards.

[0004] However, there are problems with this approach: In reality, rockfall or partial slope instability often occur, leading to unloading and tensile cracking in the slope, which in turn causes slope instability. This phenomenon is also very common in frozen areas, and the aforementioned patent cannot simulate and detect changes in slope stability under the coupled effects of freeze-thaw and unloading. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a freeze-thaw landslide physical model monitoring system, which can simulate and detect the stability changes of the slope under the coupling of freeze-thaw and unloading effects.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is to provide a freeze-thaw landslide physical model monitoring system, comprising: a monitoring box,

[0007] An angle adjustment device, the monitoring box is fixed on the angle adjustment device, and the angle adjustment device can drive the monitoring box to tilt to adjust the simulated landslide angle;

[0008] A landslide simulation device, comprising a base, a sliding belt, a sliding body, and a pushing component. The base is fixed to the bottom of the monitoring box, the sliding belt is fixed to the base, and the sliding belt can cool down and condense and heat up to melt to simulate the freeze-thaw effect. The sliding body is placed on the sliding belt. The pushing component is fixed to the side wall of the box and has a telescopic end that pushes the sliding body to move relative to the sliding belt to simulate the landslide situation.

[0009] an unloading device, the unloading device being arranged on the top of the sliding body and being used for applying an unloading effect to the landslide simulation device;

[0010] a water volume regulating device, the water volume regulating device being in communication with the slide belt and being used for regulating the water volume in the slide belt;

[0011] and a data acquisition device, which is arranged in the monitoring box and the sliding belt and is used to monitor the landslide condition.

[0012] Furthermore, the substrate includes a base layer, a circulating water layer, a heat dissipation layer, a TEC temperature control layer and a copper heat conduction layer stacked in sequence, and the TEC temperature control layer can cool and heat.

[0013] Furthermore, the circulating water layer and the copper heat dissipation layer are fixed by pillars, so that the base layer, the circulating water layer, the heat dissipation layer, the TEC temperature control layer and the copper heat conduction layer are relatively fixed.

[0014] Furthermore, a polyethylene film is laid between the base and the sliding belt, and between the sliding belt and the sliding body.

[0015] Furthermore, the sliding belt includes a sealed bag and a plurality of glass beads, the sealed bag is filled with the glass beads and is connected to the water volume regulating device.

[0016] Furthermore, the unloading device includes a magnet and a magnetic field generator. The magnet is fixed on the top of the sliding body, and the magnetic field generator is fixed on the top of the monitoring box and corresponds to the magnet.

[0017] Furthermore, the water volume regulating device includes a water tank, a water pump, a first water pipe and a second water pipe. The water inlet end of the water pump is connected to the water tank through a pipe. One end of the first water pipe is connected to the water outlet end of the water pump, and the other end is connected to the circulating water layer; one end of the second water pipe is connected to the water outlet end of the water pump, and the other end is connected to the sliding belt.

[0018] Furthermore, the data acquisition device includes a displacement signal transmitter, a displacement signal receiver and a control system. The control system is electrically connected to the displacement signal receiver. The displacement signal transmitter is buried in the sliding body. The displacement signal receiver is fixed on the top of the monitoring box and corresponds to the sliding body. When the displacement signal transmitter is able to transmit a displacement signal, the displacement signal receiver receives the displacement signal and sends it to the control system. The control system determines the displacement condition of the sliding body based on the signal received by the displacement signal receiver from the displacement signal transmitter.

[0019] Furthermore, the data acquisition device also includes an ultrasonic transmitter and an ultrasonic receiver, which are electrically connected to the control system. The ultrasonic transmitter and the ultrasonic receiver are fixed on the top of the monitoring box and are respectively located on both sides of the sliding belt. The ultrasonic transmitter is used to send ultrasonic signals to the sliding belt, and the ultrasonic receiver is used to receive ultrasonic signals passing through the sliding belt. The control system calculates the moisture content of the sliding belt by the time required for the ultrasonic wave to be received.

[0020] Furthermore, the data acquisition device also includes a pore water pressure sensor and a soil pressure sensor. The pore water pressure sensor and the soil pressure sensor are buried in the landslide body and electrically connected to the control system. The control system can record the pore water pressure and soil pressure of the landslide body at each time point through the pore water pressure sensor and the soil pressure sensor.

[0021] Compared with the existing technology, the freeze-thaw landslide physical model monitoring system provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The present invention provides an unloading device on the top of the sliding body for applying an unloading effect to the landslide simulation device; the pushing component is provided on one side of the sliding body to push the sliding body for simulating a landslide; the sliding belt is provided under the sliding body, and the sliding belt can cool down and condense and heat up and melt to simulate the freeze-thaw effect; thereby, it can simulate the situation in reality where rolling stones appear on the slope or part of the slope becomes unstable, and unloading occurs, thereby causing tensile cracks in the slope and causing slope instability, and can simulate and detect the stability change of the slope under the coupling of freeze-thaw and unloading effects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a freeze-thaw landslide physical model monitoring system provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic cross-section of the medium-sized landslide simulation device;

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic cross section of the mid-slip zone;

[0026] In the figure: 1- monitoring box, 2- angle adjustment device, 21- base, 22- lifting member, 23- deflection member, 3- landslide simulation device, 31- base, 311- base layer, 312- circulating water layer, 313- heat dissipation layer, 314- TEC temperature control layer, 315- copper thermal conductive layer, 32- sliding belt, 321- sealing bag, 322- glass beads, 33- sliding body, 34- pushing member, 341- pushing cylinder, 35- polyethylene film, 4- unloading device, 41- magnet, 42- magnetic field generator, 5- water volume regulating device, 51- water tank, 52- water pump, 53- first water pipe, 54- second water pipe, 6- data acquisition device, 61- displacement signal transmitter, 62- displacement signal receiver, 63- ultrasonic transmitter, 64- ultrasonic receiver, 65- pore water pressure sensor, 66- soil pressure sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0028] See also Figure 1-Figure 3 The present invention provides a freeze-thaw landslide physical model monitoring system, which includes: a monitoring box 1, an angle adjustment device 2, a landslide simulation device 3, an unloading device 4, a water volume adjustment device 5 and a data acquisition device 6. The monitoring box 1 is fixed on the angle adjustment device 2, and the angle adjustment device 2 can drive the monitoring box 1 to tilt to adjust the simulation angle. The landslide simulation device 3 includes a base 31, a sliding belt 32, a sliding body 33 and a pushing component 34. The base 31 is fixed to the bottom of the monitoring box 1, and the sliding belt 32 is fixed on the base 31. The sliding belt 32 can It can cool down and condense and heat up and melt to simulate the freeze-thaw effect. The sliding body 33 is placed on the sliding belt 32. The pushing component 34 is fixed on the side wall of the box 1 and has a telescopic end that pushes the sliding body 33 to move relative to the sliding belt 32 to simulate the landslide situation. The unloading device 4 is arranged on the top of the sliding body 33, which is used to apply an unloading effect to the landslide simulation device 3. The water volume regulating device 5 is connected to the sliding belt 32, which is used to regulate the water volume in the sliding belt 32. The data acquisition device 6 is arranged in the monitoring box 1 and the sliding belt 32, which is used to monitor the landslide situation.

[0029] The present invention provides an unloading device 4 on the top of the sliding body 33 for applying an unloading effect to the landslide simulation device 3; the pushing component 34 is provided on one side of the sliding body 33 to push the sliding body 33 for simulating a landslide; the sliding belt 32 is provided below the sliding body 33, and the sliding belt 32 can cool down and condense and heat up and melt to simulate the freeze-thaw effect; thereby, it can simulate the situation in reality where rolling stones appear on the slope or part of the slope becomes unstable, and unloading occurs, resulting in tensile cracks on the slope and causing slope instability, and can simulate and detect the stability change of the slope under the coupling of freeze-thaw and unloading effects.

[0030] Specifically, the monitoring box 1 is a sealed transparent box, and a closed space is formed inside the box. The landslide simulation device 3, the unloading device 4, and the data acquisition device 6 are all located in the closed space.

[0031] Specifically, the angle adjustment device 2 includes a base 21, a lifting member 22 and a deflection member 23. The base 21 is fixed on a reliable ground, the lifting member 22 is fixed on the base 21, the lifting end of the lifting member 22 is fixed to the deflection member 23, and is used to drive the deflection member 23 to rise and fall, and the rotating end of the deflection member 23 is fixed to the bottom of the monitoring box 1, and is used to drive the monitoring box 1 to deflect and adjust the inclination angle of the monitoring box 1.

[0032] In this embodiment, the lifting member 22 is a jack, and the deflecting member 23 is a rotating cylinder.

[0033] Specifically, the substrate 31 includes a base layer 311, a circulating water layer 312, a heat dissipation layer 313, a TEC temperature control layer 314, and a copper thermal conductive layer 315, which are stacked in sequence. The TEC temperature control layer 314 is capable of both cooling and heating. The copper thermal conductive layer 315 and the heat dissipation layer 313 are provided so that the side of the TEC temperature control layer 314 facing the slider 33 is generally defined as the front side, and the other side as the back side. Since the TEC temperature control layer 314 provides cooling on one side and heating on the other, a device is required to cool the heat-releasing side of the TEC temperature control layer 314 during cooling, and similarly, to heat the cooling side of the TEC temperature control layer 314 during heating. In this solution, the copper thermal conductive layer 315 and the circulating water layer 312 are used to raise and lower the temperature of the TEC's working back side. The copper heat dissipation layer 315 conducts heat, while the circulating water layer 312 raises or lowers the temperature of the copper heat dissipation layer 315, thereby ensuring that the back side of the TEC temperature control layer 314 remains at a constant temperature during operation.

[0034] Furthermore, a polyethylene film 35 is laid between the base 31 and the sliding belt 32, and between the sliding belt 32 and the slider 33, to prevent water from the sliding belt 32 from seeping into the slider 33. This is intended to investigate the effects of freeze-thaw cycles of the sliding belt 32 on the stability of the slider 33. Therefore, water should not seep into either the slider 33 or the base 31. The polyethylene film 35 is intended to prevent water from seeping into the slider 33 and potentially affecting it.

[0035] Furthermore, the circulating water layer 312 and the copper heat dissipation layer 315 are fixed by pillars, so that the base layer 311, the circulating water layer 312, the heat dissipation layer 313, the TEC temperature control layer 314 and the copper heat conduction layer 315 are relatively fixed to form a whole.

[0036] Specifically, the sliding belt 32 includes a sealed bag 321 and a plurality of glass beads 322. The sealed bag 321 is filled with the glass beads 322 and is connected to the water regulating device 5. The water regulating device 5 can adjust the water content in the sealed bag 321. When the base 31 is cooled, the water in the sliding belt 32 freezes; when the base 31 is heated, the ice in the sliding belt 32 melts, simulating the freeze-thaw process of the slope. The glass beads 322 facilitate the sliding of the sliding body 33, thereby simulating a landslide. Furthermore, tightly filling the glass beads 322 can reduce the flow rate of water in the sealed bag 321, making it easier for the water to freeze.

[0037] Specifically, the pushing component 34 includes a pushing cylinder 341, which is fixed on the inner wall of the monitoring box 1, and the movable end of the pushing cylinder 341 is connected to the sliding body 33; when the movable end of the pushing cylinder 341 is extended or retracted, it pushes the sliding body 33 to move relative to the sliding belt 32, simulating a landslide process.

[0038] Specifically, the unloading device 4 includes a magnet 41 and a magnetic field generator 42. The magnet 41 is fixed to the top of the sliding body 33, and the magnetic field generator 42 is fixed to the top of the monitoring box 1 and corresponds to the magnet 41. The magnetic field generator 42 generates a magnetic field to exert a repulsive or attractive force on the magnet 41, thereby simulating the unloading effect of the landslide. The magnetic field generator 42 is composed of an energized solenoid connected to a power source via wires. Using the principle of electromagnetism, an electric current is generated, which produces a repulsive force on the magnet on the landslide. The device can change the magnitude and direction of the magnetic force generated by the magnetic field by adjusting the magnitude and direction of the current. The magnet and magnetic field generator are placed parallel to each other, and the generated magnetic force is perpendicular to the landslide and downward. Therefore, the magnetic force acts only as a force perpendicular to the landslide and does not generate any other force components. The material used in the landslide does not contain metallic minerals, so the landslide will not become unstable under the influence of the magnetic force alone.

[0039] The specific magnetic force calculation formula is as follows: F=kB1 2 A1+ kB2 2 A2, where k is the magnetic coefficient, B1 and B2 are the magnetic induction of the energized solenoid and the magnet respectively (the magnetic induction of the energized solenoid can be calculated based on , where is the magnetic permeability in a vacuum, N is the number of coil turns, I is the current in the energized solenoid, and r is the radius of the solenoid). A1 and A2 are the effective areas of the energized solenoid relative to the magnet and the effective area of ​​the magnet relative to the energized solenoid, respectively. This formula shows that the present invention can simulate unloading by varying the current flowing through the energized solenoid, thereby changing the magnetic induction intensity and thus the magnetic force.

[0040] Specifically, the water volume regulating device 5 includes a water tank 51, a water pump 52, a first water pipe 53 and a second water pipe 54. The water inlet end of the water pump 52 is connected to the water tank 51 through a pipe. One end of the first water pipe 53 is connected to the water outlet end of the water pump 52, and the other end is connected to the circulating water layer 312; one end of the second water pipe 54 is connected to the water outlet end of the water pump 52, and the other end is connected to the slide belt 32.

[0041] Specifically, the data acquisition device 6 includes a displacement signal transmitter 61, a displacement signal receiver 62 and a control system. The control system is electrically connected to the displacement signal receiver 62. The displacement signal transmitter 61 is buried in the sliding body 33. The displacement signal receiver 62 is fixed on the top of the monitoring box 1 and corresponds to the sliding body 33. When the displacement signal transmitter 61 is able to transmit a displacement signal, the displacement signal receiver 62 receives the displacement signal and sends it to the control system. The control system determines the displacement of the sliding body 33 based on the signal received by the displacement signal receiver 62 from the displacement signal transmitter 61.

[0042] Furthermore, the data acquisition device 6 also includes an ultrasonic transmitter 63 and an ultrasonic receiver 64. The ultrasonic receiver 64 is electrically connected to the control system. The ultrasonic transmitter 63 and the ultrasonic receiver 64 are fixed on the top of the monitoring box 1 and are respectively located on both sides of the sliding belt 32. The ultrasonic transmitter 63 is used to send ultrasonic signals to the sliding belt 32, and the ultrasonic receiver 64 is used to receive ultrasonic signals passing through the sliding belt 32. The control system calculates the wave velocity by the time required for the ultrasonic wave to be received, thereby analyzing the water content of the sliding belt.

[0043] Furthermore, the data acquisition device 6 also includes a pore water pressure sensor 65 and a soil pressure sensor 66. The pore water pressure sensor 65 and the soil pressure sensor 66 are embedded in the landslide body 33 and are electrically connected to the control system. The control system can record the pore water pressure and soil pressure of the landslide body at various time points through the pore water pressure sensor 65 and the soil pressure sensor 66.

[0044] During operation, the water regulating device 5 is first opened to inject water into the sliding belt 33, while simultaneously inputting a predetermined water content for the landslide. The control system controls the water injection rate of the water regulating device 5 based on the water content of the sliding belt 33 detected by the ultrasonic transmitter 63 and the ultrasonic receiver 64, thereby simulating the stability of the landslide under freeze-thaw cycles in sliding belts with different water contents. When the water content in the sliding belt 33 reaches the predetermined water content, the TEC temperature control layer 314 is opened to cool the sliding belt 33, while simultaneously injecting water into the circulating water layer 312 so that the water in the circulating water layer 312 can cool the heat dissipation surface of the TEC temperature control layer 314. During this cooling process, the ultrasonic transmitter 63 and the ultrasonic receiver 64 operate normally, measuring the amount of unfrozen water. The control system then controls the cooling temperature of the TEC temperature control layer 314 based on the unfrozen water content, thereby ensuring that the water content in the sliding belt 33 reaches the predetermined unfrozen water content. After reaching the desired value, the TEC temperature control layer 314 maintains this temperature for 12 hours. After 12 hours of cooling, the TEC temperature control layer 314 begins to heat up. During this time, water from the circulating water layer 312 is continuously injected to ensure the proper operation of the TEC temperature control layer 314. During this period, test personnel can observe the landslide conditions within the landslide body. Furthermore, the control system can monitor the internal conditions of the sliding belt 33 using the pore water pressure sensor 65 and the soil pressure sensor 66. The above describes a single freeze-thaw cycle. To perform multiple freeze-thaw cycles, repeat the above steps.

[0045] The present invention provides an unloading device on the top of the sliding body for applying an unloading effect to the landslide simulation device; the pushing component is provided on one side of the sliding body to push the sliding body for simulating a landslide; the sliding belt is provided under the sliding body, and the sliding belt can cool down and condense and heat up and melt to simulate the freeze-thaw effect; thereby, it can simulate the situation in reality where rolling stones appear on the slope or part of the slope becomes unstable, and unloading occurs, thereby causing tensile cracks in the slope and causing slope instability, and can simulate and detect the stability change of the slope under the coupling of freeze-thaw and unloading effects.

[0046] The specific embodiments of the present invention described above do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A freeze-thaw landslide physical model monitoring system, characterized in that: include: Monitoring box, An angle adjustment device, the monitoring box is fixed on the angle adjustment device, and the angle adjustment device can drive the monitoring box to tilt to adjust the simulated landslide angle; A landslide simulation device, comprising a base, a sliding belt, a sliding body, and a pushing component. The base is fixed to the bottom of the monitoring box, the sliding belt is fixed to the base, and the sliding belt can cool down and condense and heat up to melt to simulate the freeze-thaw effect. The sliding body is placed on the sliding belt. The pushing component is fixed to the side wall of the box and has a telescopic end that pushes the sliding body to move relative to the sliding belt to simulate the landslide situation. an unloading device, the unloading device being arranged on the top of the sliding body and being used for applying an unloading effect to the landslide simulation device; a water volume regulating device, the water volume regulating device being in communication with the slide belt and being used for regulating the water volume in the slide belt; and a data acquisition device, which is arranged in the monitoring box and the sliding belt and is used to monitor the landslide condition.

2. The freeze-thaw landslide physical model monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate includes a base layer, a circulating water layer, a heat dissipation layer, a TEC temperature control layer and a copper heat conduction layer which are stacked in sequence. The TEC temperature control layer can provide both cooling and heating.

3. The freeze-thaw landslide physical model monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The circulating water layer and the copper heat-conducting layer are fixed by pillars, so that the base layer, the circulating water layer, the heat dissipation layer, the TEC temperature control layer and the copper heat-conducting layer are relatively fixed.

4. The freeze-thaw landslide physical model monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A polyethylene film is laid between the base and the sliding belt and between the sliding belt and the sliding body.

5. The freeze-thaw landslide physical model monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding belt includes a sealed bag and a plurality of glass beads. The sealed bag is filled with the glass beads and is connected to the water volume regulating device.

6. The freeze-thaw landslide physical model monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The unloading device includes a magnet and a magnetic field generator. The magnet is fixed on the top of the sliding body, and the magnetic field generator is fixed on the top of the monitoring box and corresponds to the magnet.

7. The freeze-thaw landslide physical model monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water volume regulating device includes a water tank, a water pump, a first water pipe and a second water pipe. The water inlet end of the water pump is connected to the water tank through a pipe. One end of the first water pipe is connected to the water outlet end of the water pump, and the other end is connected to the circulating water layer; one end of the second water pipe is connected to the water outlet end of the water pump, and the other end is connected to the sliding belt.

8. The freeze-thaw landslide physical model monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition device includes a displacement signal transmitter, a displacement signal receiver and a control system. The control system is electrically connected to the displacement signal receiver. The displacement signal transmitter is buried in the sliding body. The displacement signal receiver is fixed to the top of the monitoring box and corresponds to the sliding body. When the displacement signal transmitter is able to transmit a displacement signal, the displacement signal receiver receives the displacement signal and sends it to the control system. The control system determines the displacement of the sliding body based on the signal received by the displacement signal receiver from the displacement signal transmitter.

9. The freeze-thaw landslide physical model monitoring system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The data acquisition device also includes an ultrasonic transmitter and an ultrasonic receiver. The ultrasonic receiver is electrically connected to the control system. The ultrasonic transmitter and the ultrasonic receiver are fixed to the top of the monitoring box and are respectively located on both sides of the sliding belt. The ultrasonic transmitter is used to send ultrasonic signals to the sliding belt, and the ultrasonic receiver is used to receive ultrasonic signals passing through the sliding belt. The control system calculates the moisture content of the sliding belt by the time required for the ultrasonic wave to be received.

10. The freeze-thaw landslide physical model monitoring system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The data acquisition device also includes a pore water pressure sensor and a soil pressure sensor. The pore water pressure sensor and the soil pressure sensor are buried in the landslide body and are electrically connected to the control system. The control system can record the pore water pressure and soil pressure of the landslide body at each time point through the pore water pressure sensor and the soil pressure sensor.

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