Ridge micro-groove perforating and soil covering device, ridge micro-groove full-film covering potato dry farming seeding machine comprising same and potato planting method

Abstract

This invention discloses a ridge-side micro-furrow perforation and soil covering device, a ridge-side micro-furrow full-film mulching potato dryland planter including the device, and a potato planting method. The ridge-side micro-furrow perforation and soil covering device includes a soil collecting cylinder, with a soil guiding cylinder and a soil collecting plate arranged sequentially at both ends of the soil collecting cylinder. A soil guiding groove is provided in the soil collecting plate, and a guide plate is provided in the soil guiding cylinder. An installation shaft is installed at the axial position of the inner side of the soil collecting cylinder, the soil guiding cylinder, and the soil collecting plate through a connecting rod. The ridge-mounted micro-furrow perforation and soil covering device of this invention can simultaneously complete the functions of micro-furrow perforation and micro-furrow soil covering; the ridge-mounted micro-furrow full-film mulching potato dryland planter of this invention can complete the functions of fertilization, sowing, ridging, micro-furrow formation, film covering, micro-furrow perforation, and micro-furrow soil covering in one go. After the micro-furrow is perforated, soil can be covered on the holes at the same time, so that rainwater is collected in the micro-furrow. The rainwater seeps through the covering soil and flows from the perforated holes into the ridge, so as to achieve the effects of water saving, yield increase, and efficiency improvement in dryland potato cultivation; this invention can also effectively prevent and control pests and diseases, improve the emergence rate, and improve the yield and product quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a ridge-side micro-groove perforation and soil covering device, a ridge-side micro-groove full-film covering potato dryland planter including the device, and a potato planting method, belonging to the technical field of potato planting. Background Technology

[0002] Ulanqab is a typical dryland farming area, with an annual dryland planting area of ​​over 7 million mu (approximately 467,000 hectares), accounting for more than 70% of the total planting area, providing a superior foundation for developing dryland agriculture. Potatoes are the most widely planted crop in dryland farming, and technological advancements in dryland potato cultivation are of great significance to farmers' production and livelihoods.

[0003] To improve yields, existing dryland farming often employs mulched ridge-furrow planting technology. After ridging the land, small furrows are constructed on the ridges to increase soil moisture content. Simultaneously, the mulch film increases the rainwater catchment area, causing rainfall to accumulate and accumulate in the micro-furrows and main furrows, significantly improving rainwater utilization efficiency compared to conventional full-film double-ridge furrow planting. However, existing agricultural machinery, such as the patent application number 201310364429.4, while capable of integrating fertilization, sowing, ridging, and mulching operations in conventional ridge planting, cannot perform micro-furrow formation, perforation, and soil covering. Therefore, these operations still require manual labor, resulting in low efficiency and poor uniformity. Furthermore, the flatness of the mulch film laid by existing agricultural machinery is poor, making the film susceptible to damage from wind.

[0004] Potato black scurvy (Rhizoctonia solani) is a disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani, which commonly causes tuber rot, seed potato rot, and stem death. It can occur throughout the entire growing season. On the stem, the disease initially appears as elongated, reddish-brown lesions near the ground, which gradually enlarge, and the area around the base of the stem turns black and the epidermis rots. Due to the destruction of the vascular tissue, the leaves gradually turn yellow and curl, and the plant is prone to lodging and death. Currently, control of potato black scurvy mainly relies on spraying pesticides during the growing season, but the effect is minimal. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a ridge-mounted micro-groove perforation and soil covering device, a ridge-mounted micro-groove full-film mulching potato dryland planter including the device, and a potato planting method. This dryland potato agricultural machinery, while completing fertilization, sowing, ridge-building, and mulching operations, can simultaneously perform micro-groove shaping, micro-groove perforation, and micro-groove soil covering operations, improving production efficiency and enhancing the flatness and stability of the mulch film. Furthermore, by treating potato seed tubers, it can effectively prevent potato black scurf and other diseases, thereby increasing potato yield and product quality.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A soil covering device for perforated micro-grooves on ridges includes a soil collecting cylinder, a soil guiding cylinder, a soil collecting plate, a soil guiding groove, a guide plate, a connecting rod, and an installation shaft;

[0008] There are two soil guide tubes and two soil collection discs, and the soil guide tubes and soil collection discs correspond one to one. The soil collection disc has a connecting hole in the center and a drive tooth is provided on the soil collection disc along its outer periphery (outer ring periphery).

[0009] One end of each of the two guide tubes is connected to the two ends of the soil collection tube, and the other end of each guide tube is connected to the connection hole of the corresponding soil collection plate (the soil collection plate is in the shape of a trumpet that gradually expands outward); there is one or more soil flow ports on the side wall of the soil collection tube, and a perforated plate is provided on the outside of the soil flow ports.

[0010] The soil guide channel is located inside the soil collection plate, and each soil collection plate has at least two soil guide channels; one end of the soil guide channel leads to the outer perimeter of the soil collection plate, and the other end leads to the soil guide cylinder.

[0011] The guide plate is installed inside the soil guide cylinder, and each soil guide cylinder has at least two guide plates. The number of guide plates in the soil guide cylinder is equal to the number of soil guide grooves in the soil collection plate connected to it, and they correspond one-to-one (that is, the number of guide plates and soil guide grooves in the interconnected soil guide cylinder and soil collection plate are equal and correspond one-to-one). One end of the guide plate is connected to the soil guide groove corresponding to it, and the other end leads to the soil collection cylinder.

[0012] The soil collecting cylinder, soil guiding cylinder, and soil collecting plate are coaxially arranged; the installation shaft is located at the axial center of the soil collecting cylinder, soil guiding cylinder, and soil collecting plate, and one end of the connecting rod is connected to the installation shaft, and the other end is connected to the inside of the soil guiding cylinder and / or soil collecting plate.

[0013] In this application, "docking" refers to the alignment and connection of the connection ports of two components to form a continuous whole.

[0014] In use, the ridge-side micro-furrow drilling and covering device is rotatably connected to the frame via a mounting shaft. Driven by the frame's movement, the device is rollable. The soil collection cylinder faces the micro-furrow, and the driving teeth on the soil collection disc can drill holes at the edge of the mulch film (the spacing between the soil collection discs is less than the width of the mulch film). A first covering disc is located downstream of the device, serving to press soil onto the edge of the mulch film (simultaneously covering the drilled holes) for fixation. This ensures the stability of the mulch film and facilitates rainwater infiltration to meet the needs of potato growth. Second covering discs are located on both sides of the device. During rolling, the second covering discs send some of the raised soil into the guide groove of the soil collection disc. The soil entering the guide groove flows along the guide plate into the soil collection cylinder. When the soil collection cylinder rolls until the drilling plate faces downwards, the mulch film drilling on the micro-furrow is completed. Simultaneously, soil from the soil collection cylinder flows out from the soil outlet, covering the drilled holes for fixation and protection.

[0015] As one preferred implementation, the soil collecting cylinder includes a straight section and two trumpet-shaped sections. One end of the trumpet-shaped section has a large opening, and the other end has a small opening. The large openings of the two trumpet-shaped sections are respectively connected to the two ends of the straight section. The soil guiding cylinder is a straight cylinder structure, and the small openings of the two trumpet-shaped sections are respectively connected to one end of the two soil guiding cylinders. The diameter of the straight section on the soil collecting cylinder is larger than the diameter of the soil guiding cylinder. The diameter of the straight section on the soil collecting cylinder is smaller than the diameter of the soil collecting plate. The outer sides of the soil collecting cylinder, the soil guiding cylinder, and the soil collecting plate form a ridge shape with a cross section of M, corresponding to the shape of micro-grooves on the ridge. The soil flow outlet is located on the side wall of the straight section.

[0016] The larger opening of a trumpet refers to the end with a larger diameter, and the smaller opening refers to the end with a smaller diameter. The trumpet has a tapering structure from the larger opening to the smaller opening.

[0017] Preferably, the distance between the outer edges of the two soil collection pans is 900±50mm; the axial length of the straight section of the soil collection cylinder is 120±10mm; the total length of the soil collection cylinder is 275±10mm; and the axial length of the soil guide cylinder is 125±10mm.

[0018] To improve water utilization, two symmetrically arranged square soil inlets are provided on the side wall of the soil collection cylinder.

[0019] To simplify the structure, ensure stability, and meet the drilling requirements, the perforation plate is a triangular structure with two perforation plates on each soil outlet. One side of each perforation plate is welded to the two opposite sides of the soil outlet, that is, the two perforation plates are welded to the opposite sides of the soil outlet, and the welded side of the perforation plate is perpendicular to the axis of the soil collection cylinder.

[0020] The cross-section of the aforementioned soil guide channel is a V-shaped structure; each soil collection tray contains 3 to 5 soil guide channels.

[0021] When the ridge micro-groove former rolls to the highest position of the guide trough (more than 1 / 2 of its height), the guide trough and the corresponding guide plate gradually tilt downwards. That is, from the soil collection plate to the soil collection cylinder, the guide trough and the corresponding guide plate gradually tilt downwards, facilitating the flow of soil from the guide trough into the soil collection cylinder along the guide plate. Since the position of the guide trough relative to the soil collection plate is fixed, its height changes as the soil collection plate rolls. The highest position of the guide trough refers to the point where the guide trough is at the top of the soil collection plate after the ridge micro-groove former has rolled.

[0022] To improve the stability of the connection, there are 6 connecting rods, divided into two groups of 3 rods each. The two groups of connecting rods are connected to both ends of the installation shaft. The 3 connecting rods in each group are arranged at equal angles. One end of the connecting rod is connected to the installation shaft and the other end is connected to the inside of the guide tube.

[0023] A ridge-planting micro-furrow full-film mulching potato dryland planter includes a frame and a seed metering mechanism. The top of the frame, from front to back, is equipped with a fertilizer box, a planting trough, a seed potato hopper, and a drip irrigation frame. The seed metering mechanism is a ring-shaped circulating structure, located simultaneously within the planting trough and the seed potato hopper. The seed metering mechanism is equipped with seed-collecting scoops spaced at equal intervals. The bottom of the frame, from front to back, is equipped with a fertilizer boot, a planting furrow opener, a ridging disc, a film roller, two opposing side-pressing rollers, and two opposing first covering discs. The fertilizer boot is located below the fertilizer box, and the furrow opener is located below the planting trough. The planter also includes the aforementioned ridge-planting micro-furrow perforation and covering device, a micro-furrow shaper, a second covering disc, ridge-planting micro-furrow pressing rollers, a film spreading roller, and a seat.

[0024] The micro-groove forming device is installed between the ridging disc and the mulch film roller at the bottom of the frame, and the bottom of the micro-groove forming device has a fan-shaped structure; the ridge micro-groove perforation and soil covering device is rotatably installed at the bottom of the frame via a mounting shaft, and is located between the side pressing wheel and the first soil covering disc; there are two second soil covering discs, both of which are installed at the bottom of the frame and are located on both sides of the ridge micro-groove perforation and soil covering device; there are two ridge micro-groove pressing wheels arranged opposite each other, and the two ridge micro-groove pressing wheels are installed at the bottom of the frame and are located between the two side pressing wheels; the film spreading roller is installed at the bottom of the frame via a bracket and is located at the bottom of the mulch film roller; the seat is located on the top of the frame between the seed potato hopper and the drip irrigation frame.

[0025] The direction from back to front in this application is consistent with the direction of travel of the agricultural machinery during use.

[0026] The aforementioned trencher is for trenching under mulch film. The micro-groove shaper is used for creating micro-grooves on ridges and has an adjustable angle and height.

[0027] The aforementioned machine frame, between the seed potato hopper and the drip irrigation rack, is equipped with a seat, which allows operators to sit in the seat to check the seed potatoes in the seed scoop of the seed metering mechanism, adjust the orientation of the seed potato blocks, and avoid missing seeds, thus improving the comfort of the operators.

[0028] The aforementioned frame is equipped with drive wheels on both sides, which drive the fertilizer box and seed metering mechanism for potato fertilization and planting. The drive wheels, fertilizer box, and seed metering mechanism are all connected by a gear chain structure, allowing for speed adjustment of the vehicle and the speed of fertilization and seeding by adjusting the size of the gear disc. The front end of the frame is connected to a tractor. As the tractor moves, it drives the ridging disc to rid and cover the soil. The micro-groove shaper shapes the ridges and micro-grooves. Then, the mulch film is spread flat by the film spreading roller, and then the edge film pressing roller and the micro-groove mulch pressing roller work together to complete the mulch film laying. Finally, the micro-groove mulch forming device and the first and second covering discs work together to cover the edges of the film with soil, drill holes in the micro-grooves, cover the micro-grooves with soil, and compact the mulch film.

[0029] The seed-collecting spoon has a stabilizing hole in its center. This hole ensures stable ventilation. The diameter of the stabilizing hole is smaller than the seed tuber, preventing leakage. The front of the frame has two lower suspensions and one upper suspension. In other words, the front of the frame is connected to the power unit (tractor) via a three-point suspension system.

[0030] A method for planting dryland potatoes includes the following steps:

[0031] 1) After cutting the seed potatoes into pieces, soak them in the first agent for 20-30 minutes, then dry them at room temperature with a forced air. Before planting, soak them in the second agent for 30-50 minutes, then dry them at room temperature with a forced air. The first agent for seed treatment includes 8-12 parts of fluopyram, 5-8 parts of 4-aminobutyric acid, 20-30 parts of amino oligosaccharide, and 10,000 parts of water. The second agent includes 20-30 parts of azoxystrobin, 10-15 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, 10-15 parts of calcium ascorbate, and 10,000 parts of water.

[0032] 2) Connect the front end of the frame of the above-mentioned ridge-planting micro-furrow full-film mulch potato dryland planter to a tractor. Drive wheels are located on both sides of the frame, driving the fertilizer box and seed metering mechanism for potato fertilization and planting. As the tractor moves, it drives the ridging disc to create ridges and cover them with soil. The micro-furrow shaper shapes the ridges and micro-furrows. Then, the mulch film is spread flat by the film-spreading roller, and then the edge film pressing roller and the micro-furrow mulching pressing roller work together to complete the mulch film laying. The micro-furrow mulching shaper and the second covering plate complete the micro-furrow perforation and micro-furrow covering. The micro-furrow covering covers the holes formed in the mulch film. Finally, the first covering plate covers the edges of the film with soil. This completes the mulch film covering and compaction process.

[0033] When cutting seed potatoes, pay attention to disinfecting the cutting knife: For small seed potatoes weighing less than 50g, choose to plant them whole. Seed potatoes weighing more than 50g need to be cut into pieces, each weighing 35-50g. During the cutting process, pay attention to disinfecting the cutting knife. Prepare two cutting knives and soak them in a 75% alcohol solution. After cutting a seed potato with one knife, immerse the knife in the disinfection solution and then use the other knife to cut the next seed potato. Alternate between the two to prevent the spread of diseases during the cutting process.

[0034] All operations in this application were performed at room temperature.

[0035] In step 1) above, the two-step treatment with the pesticides effectively promotes germination and post-planting growth while controlling pests and diseases, and also provides nutrients. The synergistic effect between the pesticides is significant. Fluopyram has bactericidal and disease-controlling effects; 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a four-carbon non-protein amino acid derived from plants, and its inventors discovered that it promotes germination while providing the nutrients needed for potato development; amino oligosaccharides enhance plant resistance and control pests and diseases; and there is a significant synergistic effect between GABA and amino oligosaccharides and fluopyram. Azoxystrobin is effective in controlling fungal diseases. When used in combination with polyethylene glycol 600 and calcium ascorbate, it promotes robust potato growth and enhances pest and disease control.

[0036] The pretreatment of seed potatoes in step 1) can effectively prevent black scurvy in seedlings, increase emergence rate and yield; and the amount of pesticide used is small.

[0037] In this application, potatoes are planted on both sides of the ridge to meet the soil requirements for tuber growth, thereby significantly increasing potato yield.

[0038] Because potatoes consume a lot of water and groundwater levels are dropping significantly, mulching is used to retain water and increase temperature. The micro-grooves are perforated to allow rainwater to flow into the V-grooves and under the mulch. The soil covering the micro-grooves covers the holes in the mulch, preventing the mulch from tearing due to wind.

[0039] In this application, potatoes are planted on both sides of a ridge, with a spacing of 400±20mm between the potatoes on both sides.

[0040] Any techniques not mentioned in this invention are based on existing technologies.

[0041] This invention relates to a ridge-mounted micro-furrow perforation and soil covering device. Through its structural design, it can simultaneously perform micro-furrow perforation and micro-furrow soil covering while rolling. This invention also relates to a ridge-mounted micro-furrow full-film mulching potato dryland planter, which can complete fertilization, sowing, ridge making, micro-furrow shaping, film covering, micro-furrow perforation, and micro-furrow soil covering in one operation, achieving integrated functionality and improving tillage efficiency and uniformity. After perforation, soil can be simultaneously covered over the holes, collecting rainwater in the micro-furrows. Rainwater seeps through the covering soil and flows from the perforated holes into the ridge, achieving water-saving, yield-increasing, and efficiency-enhancing effects for dryland potatoes. It also helps to fix the mulch film. Through improvements to potato planting methods, it can effectively prevent and control pests and diseases, increase seedling emergence rate, improve yield and product quality, and is suitable for dryland potato cultivation in the Ulanqab region. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the micro-groove drilling and soil covering device for the ridges of the present invention. Figure 1 (Perspective view, eliminating the need for mounting shaft and bottom perforated plate);

[0043] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A 3D view (perspective, omitting the mounting shaft and perforation plate);

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the ridge micro-furrow perforation and soil covering device of the present invention on a ridge micro-furrow full-film mulch potato dryland planter.

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ridge-side micro-furrow full-film mulching potato dryland planter of the present invention (omitting the side-felt pressing wheel, the first covering circle, the second covering disc, etc.);

[0046] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the micro-groove drilling and soil covering device for the ridges of the present invention. Figure 2 (Eliminates the need for installing shafts and soil collection trays);

[0047] Figure 6 for Figure 5 The left view;

[0048] Figure 7 for Figure 5 A three-dimensional image;

[0049] In the diagram, 1 is the soil collection cylinder, 101 is the soil inlet, 102 is the perforation plate, 2 is the soil guide cylinder, 3 is the soil collection disc, 301 is the drive tooth, 4 is the soil guide groove, 5 is the guide plate, 6 is the connecting rod, 7 is the ridge micro-ditch, 8 is the frame, 801 is the lower suspension, 802 is the upper suspension, 803 is the pedal, 9 is the fertilizer box, 10 is the planting trough, 11 is the seed potato hopper, 12 is the drip irrigation frame, 13 is the fertilizer boot, 14 is the planting furrow opener, 15 is the ridging disc, 16 is the mulch roller, 17 is the side pressing roller, 18 is the second covering disc, 19 is the micro-ditch perforation and covering device, 20 is the micro-ditch forming device, 21 is the ridge micro-ditch pressing roller, 22 is the film spreading roller, and 23 is the seat. Detailed Implementation

[0050] To better understand the present invention, the following embodiments further illustrate the content of the present invention, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0051] In each case, fluopyram aniline was purchased from Shanghai Yichen Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., with a purity of 95+; 4-aminobutyric acid was purchased from Xi'an Weizhen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., as a white powder with a content of 99%; amino oligosaccharide was purchased from Hebei Zhongtian Bangzheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., model ztzq-20, with an effective content of 3wt%, in aqueous solution; azoxystrobin was purchased from Shanghai Hanhong Technology Co., Ltd., with a purity of 98.0%, as white crystals; polyethylene glycol 600 was purchased from Jiangsu Haian Petrochemical Plant; and calcium ascorbate was purchased from Zhejiang Jiaheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0052] Experimental site: Pingdiquan, Chahar Right Wing, Ulanqab;

[0053] Example 1

[0054] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a soil covering device for perforated micro-grooves on ridges includes a soil collecting cylinder, a soil guiding cylinder, a soil collecting plate, a soil guiding groove, a guide plate, a connecting rod, and an installation shaft;

[0055] There are two soil guide tubes and two soil collection discs, and the soil guide tubes and soil collection discs correspond one to one. The soil collection disc has a connecting hole in the center and a drive tooth is provided on the soil collection disc along its outer perimeter.

[0056] One end of each of the two guide tubes is connected to the two ends of the soil collection tube, and the other end of each guide tube is connected to the connection hole of the corresponding soil collection plate. The side wall of the soil collection tube is provided with two symmetrically arranged square soil flow ports, and the outside of each soil flow port is provided with a perforated plate.

[0057] The soil guide channel is located inside the soil collection plate, and each soil collection plate has 3 soil guide channels; one end of the soil guide channel leads to the outer perimeter of the soil collection plate, and the other end leads to the soil guide cylinder;

[0058] The guide plate is installed inside the soil guide cylinder, and each soil guide cylinder has 3 guide plates. The guide plate inside the soil guide cylinder corresponds one-to-one with the soil guide groove in the soil collection plate it is connected to. One end of the guide plate is connected to the soil guide groove corresponding to it, and the other end leads to the soil collection cylinder.

[0059] The soil collecting cylinder, soil guiding cylinder, and soil collecting plate are coaxially arranged; the installation shaft is located at the axial center of the soil collecting cylinder, soil guiding cylinder, and soil collecting plate, and one end of the connecting rod is connected to the installation shaft and the other end is connected to the inside of the soil guiding cylinder.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] Based on Example 1, the following improvements were made: Figure 1-2 As shown, the soil collecting cylinder includes a straight section and two trumpet-shaped sections. One end of each trumpet-shaped section has a large opening, and the other end has a small opening. The large openings of the two trumpet-shaped sections are respectively connected to the two ends of the straight section. The soil guiding cylinder is also a straight cylinder structure, and the small openings of the two trumpet-shaped sections are respectively connected to one end of each of the two soil guiding cylinders. The diameter of the straight section of the soil collecting cylinder is larger than the diameter of the soil guiding cylinder. The diameter of the straight section of the soil collecting cylinder is smaller than the diameter of the soil collecting plate. The outer sides of the soil collecting cylinder, soil guiding cylinder, and soil collecting plate form a ridge with a cross-section of M. The soil inlet is located on the side wall of the straight section. The distance between the outer edges of the two soil collecting plates is 900mm; the axial length of the straight section of the soil collecting cylinder is 120mm; the total length of the soil collecting cylinder is 275mm; and the axial length of the soil guiding cylinder is 125mm.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] Based on Example 2, the following improvements were made: the perforated plates have a triangular structure, with two perforated plates on each soil outlet. One side of each perforated plate is welded to the two opposite sides of the soil outlet, and the welded edge of the perforated plate is perpendicular to the axis of the soil collection cylinder. The guide groove has a V-shaped cross-section; each soil collection plate has three guide grooves. When the ridge micro-groove former rolls to the highest position of the guide groove (greater than half its maximum height), the guide groove and the corresponding guide plate gradually tilt downwards.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] Unlike Example 3, the soil collection cylinder has three square soil inlets evenly distributed circumferentially on its side wall, such as... Figure 5-7 As shown in the figure, the installation shaft and soil collection plate are omitted.

[0066] Example 5

[0067] Based on Example 3, the following improvements were made: the number of connecting rods is 6, and they are divided into two groups of 3 rods each. The two groups of connecting rods are connected to both ends of the installation shaft. The 3 connecting rods in each group are arranged at equal angles. One end of the connecting rod is connected to the installation shaft and the other end is connected to the inside of the guide tube.

[0068] A ridge-planting micro-furrow full-film mulching potato dryland planter includes a frame and a seed metering mechanism. The top of the frame, from front to back, is equipped with a fertilizer box, a planting trough, a seed potato hopper, and a drip irrigation frame. The seed metering mechanism is a ring-shaped circulating structure, located simultaneously within the planting trough and the seed potato hopper. The seed metering mechanism has seed-taking scoops spaced at equal intervals, with a stable through-hole at the center of each scoop. The bottom of the frame, from front to back, is equipped with a fertilizer boot, a planting furrow opener, a ridging disc, a film roller, two opposing side-pressing rollers, and two opposing first covering discs. The fertilizer boot is located below the fertilizer box, and the furrow opener is located below the planting trough. The planter also includes the aforementioned ridge-planting micro-furrow perforation and covering device, a micro-furrow shaper, a second covering disc, ridge-planting micro-furrow pressing rollers, a film spreading roller, and a seat.

[0069] The micro-groove shaper is installed between the ridging disc and the mulch film roller at the bottom of the frame. The bottom of the micro-groove shaper has a fan-shaped structure. It is used for forming micro-grooves on ridges and has an adjustable angle and height (e.g., the top of the micro-groove shaper is hinged to the bottom of the frame, one end of a cylinder is hinged to the bottom of the frame, and the other end is hinged to the micro-groove shaper; the cylinder's extension and retraction drive the micro-groove shaper to rotate, thereby achieving height and angle adjustment). The ridge-side micro-groove drilling and soil covering device is rotatably installed at the bottom of the frame via a mounting shaft and is located in Bianmo Town. Between the pressure roller and the first covering disc; there are two second covering discs, both installed at the bottom of the frame and located on either side of the ridge micro-groove perforation and covering device; there are two ridge micro-groove pressing rollers arranged opposite each other, installed at the bottom of the frame and located between the two side pressing rollers; the film spreading roller is installed at the bottom of the frame via a bracket and located at the bottom of the film roller; the seat is located on top of the frame between the seed potato hopper and the drip irrigation frame, and a foot pedal is provided on the frame at the bottom of the seat. The seat, located on the frame between the seed potato hopper and the drip irrigation frame, allows the operator to sit and check the direction of the seed potatoes in the seed-dispensing mechanism's seed scoop, while also preventing missed seeds, thus improving operator comfort.

[0070] The front end of the frame is equipped with two lower suspensions and one upper suspension. The front end of the frame is connected to the tractor via a three-point suspension (two lower suspensions and one upper suspension).

[0071] In late April, the experimental plot was deeply plowed to a depth of 30-35 cm, and then fertilized, sown, and mulched as follows:

[0072] 1) After cutting the seed potatoes into pieces, soak them in the first agent for 25 minutes, then dry them at room temperature with a blower. Before planting, soak them in the second agent for 40 minutes, then dry them at room temperature with a blower. The first agent for seed treatment consists of 10 parts of fluopyram, 6 parts of 4-aminobutyric acid, 25 parts of amino oligosaccharide, and 10,000 parts of water. The second agent consists of 25 parts of azoxystrobin, 12 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, 13 parts of calcium ascorbate, and 10,000 parts of water.

[0073] 2) The machine frame is equipped with drive wheels on both sides, which drive the fertilizer box and seed metering mechanism for potato fertilization and sowing. The fertilizer application rate (N:P:K = 15:15:15) is 240 kg / mu. Potatoes are planted on both sides of the ridge at a depth of 10 cm, with a spacing of 400 mm between the potatoes on both sides. During the tractor's movement, the ridge-forming disc is driven to form ridges and cover the soil. The ridge shape and micro-groove forming are carried out by the micro-groove forming device. Then, the mulch film is spread flat by the film spreading roller. The edge film pressing wheel and the micro-groove film pressing wheel work together to complete the mulch film laying. The micro-groove film forming device and the second covering plate complete the micro-groove drilling and micro-groove covering. The micro-groove covering covers the holes formed by the micro-groove drilling on the mulch film. Finally, the first covering plate completes the edge covering of the film, thus completing the mulch film covering and pressing. The film has good flatness and stability. During the test, there was no film lifting or film damage. The main ridges are 900mm wide and 150mm high, with furrows 80mm deep and 275mm wide at the top. The spacing between adjacent ridges is 200mm. A 0.01mm thick, 1500mm wide black plastic film is used to cover the entire ground. The seedling density is 3500 plants per acre. 1500kg of farmyard manure is applied during flowering, and a total of 60 tons of water is used throughout the growing season. The potatoes produced in this example have a light yellow, smooth skin, white flesh, and an oblong shape.

[0074] Comparative Example 1

[0075] Step 1 is omitted, that is, the seed potato pieces are not treated with chemicals, and the rest are the same as in Example 4.

[0076] Comparative Example 2

[0077] After cutting the seed potatoes into pieces, soak them in the first agent for 5 hours, and then dry them at room temperature with a blower. Before planting, soak them in the second agent for 12 hours, and then dry them at room temperature with a blower. The first agent for seed treatment consists of 10 parts of fluopyram and 10,000 parts of water, and the second agent consists of 25 parts of azoxystrobin and 10,000 parts of water. The rest are as described in Example 4.

[0078] Comparative Example 3

[0079] After cutting the seed potatoes into pieces, soak them in the first agent for 5 hours, and then dry them at room temperature by turning on the fan. The first agent for seed treatment includes 10 parts of fluopyram aniline, 6 parts of 4-aminobutyric acid, 25 parts of amino oligosaccharide and 10,000 parts of water; the rest are the same as in Example 4.

[0080] Comparative Example 4

[0081] Before planting, the seed potatoes were cut into pieces and soaked in the second agent for 12 hours. Then, they were dried at room temperature by turning on the fan. The second agent consisted of 25 parts of azoxystrobin, 12 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, 13 parts of calcium ascorbate, and 10,000 parts of water. The rest were the same as in Example 4.

[0082] Experimental variety: Jizhangshu 12. All cases were managed under the same conditions. Each case had 3 experimental plots, each plot being 1 mu (approximately 0.16 acres). The experimental results are shown in the table below.

[0083]

[0084]

Claims

1. A method for planting dryland potatoes, characterized in that: Planting potatoes using a ridge-furrow full-film mulch potato dryland planter includes the following steps: 1) After cutting the seed potatoes into pieces, soak them in the first agent for 20-30 minutes, then dry them with a forced air at room temperature; before planting, soak them in the second agent for 30-50 minutes, then dry them with a forced air at room temperature; the first agent for seed treatment includes 8-12 parts of fluopyram, 5-8 parts of 4-aminobutyric acid, 20-30 parts of amino oligosaccharide and 10,000 parts of water; the second agent includes 20-30 parts of azoxystrobin, 10-15 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, 10-15 parts of calcium ascorbate and 10,000 parts of water. 2) The front end of the frame is connected to the tractor, and the two sides of the frame are equipped with drive wheels to drive the fertilizer box and seed metering mechanism for potato fertilization and sowing. During the tractor's movement, the ridging disc is driven to rid and cover the soil. The ridge shape and micro-groove are formed by the micro-groove forming device. Then, the mulch film is spread flat by the film spreading roller. The mulch film is laid by the edge film pressing wheel and the ridge micro-groove pressing wheel. The micro-groove drilling and soil covering device and the second soil covering plate complete the micro-groove drilling and micro-groove soil covering. The micro-groove drilling and soil covering device covers the holes formed by the micro-groove drilling on the mulch film. Finally, the first soil covering plate completes the soil covering of the film edge. The ridge-furrow full-film mulching potato dryland planter includes a frame (8) and a seed metering mechanism. The top of the frame (8) is equipped with, from front to back, a fertilizer box (9), a planting trough (10), a seed potato hopper (11), and a drip irrigation rack (12). The seed metering mechanism is a circular circulating structure, located simultaneously within the planting trough (10) and the seed potato hopper (11). The seed metering mechanism is equipped with equally spaced seed scoops. The bottom of the frame (8) is equipped with, from front to back, a fertilizer boot (13), a seeding machine (9), a seeding trough (10), a seeding hopper (11), and a drip irrigation rack (12). The system includes a furrow opener (14), a ridging disc (15), a film roller (16), two oppositely arranged side film pressing wheels (17), and two oppositely arranged first soil covering discs. The fertilizer boot (13) is located below the fertilizer box (9), and the furrow opener is located below the seed trough (10). It also includes a ridge micro-furrow perforation and soil covering device, a micro-furrow forming device (20), a second soil covering disc (18), a ridge micro-furrow pressing wheel (21), a film spreading roller (22), and a seat (23). The micro-groove forming device (20) is installed between the ridging disc (15) and the mulch film roller (16) at the bottom of the frame (8), and the bottom of the micro-groove forming device (20) has a fan-shaped structure; the ridge micro-groove perforation and soil covering device is rotatably installed at the bottom of the frame (8) via the mounting shaft, and is located between the side film pressing wheel (17) and the first soil covering disc; there are two second soil covering discs (18), both of which are installed at the bottom of the frame (8) and are located on both sides of the ridge micro-groove perforation and soil covering device; there are two ridge micro-groove pressing wheels (21) arranged opposite each other, and the two ridge micro-groove pressing wheels (21) are installed at the bottom of the frame (8) and are located between the two side film pressing wheels (17); the film spreading roller (22) is installed at the bottom of the frame (8) via the bracket and is located at the bottom of the mulch film roller (16); the seat (23) is located on the top of the frame (8) between the seed potato hopper (11) and the drip irrigation frame (12); The soil covering device for drilling holes in the ridge includes a soil collecting cylinder (1), a soil guiding cylinder (2), a soil collecting plate (3), a soil guiding groove (4), a guide plate (5), a connecting rod (6), and an installation shaft; The number of soil guide cylinder (2) and soil collection plate (3) is two, and the soil guide cylinder (2) and soil collection plate (3) correspond one to one. The soil collection plate (3) has a connecting hole in the center and a drive tooth (301) is provided on the soil collection plate (3) along its outer periphery. One end of each of the two soil guide tubes (2) is connected to both ends of the soil collection tube (1), and the other end of each of the two soil guide tubes (2) is connected to the connection hole of the corresponding soil collection plate (3); one or more soil outlets (101) are provided on the side wall of the soil collection tube (1), and a perforated plate (102) is provided on the outside of the soil outlet (101). The soil guide trough (4) is located inside the soil collection plate (3), and at least two soil guide troughs (4) are provided in each soil collection plate (3); one end of the soil guide trough (4) is connected to the outer perimeter of the soil collection plate (3), and the other end is connected to the soil guide cylinder (2). The guide plate (5) is set inside the soil guide cylinder (2), and each soil guide cylinder (2) has at least two guide plates (5). The number of guide plates (5) inside the soil guide cylinder (2) is equal to the number of soil guide grooves (4) in the soil collection plate (3) connected to it, and they correspond one to one. One end of the guide plate (5) is connected to its corresponding soil guide groove (4), and the other end leads to the soil collection cylinder (1). The soil collection cylinder (1), the soil guide cylinder (2), and the soil collection plate (3) are coaxially arranged; the installation shaft is located at the axial center of the soil collection cylinder (1), the soil guide cylinder (2), and the soil collection plate (3); one end of the connecting rod (6) is connected to the installation shaft, and the other end is connected to the inside of the soil guide cylinder (2) and / or the soil collection plate (3); The soil collection cylinder (1) includes a straight section and a trumpet cylinder. There are two trumpet cylinders. One end of the trumpet cylinder has a large opening and the other end has a small opening. The large openings of the two trumpet cylinders are respectively connected to the two ends of the straight section. The soil guide cylinder (2) is a straight cylinder structure. The small openings of the two trumpet cylinders are respectively connected to one end of the two soil guide cylinders (2). The diameter of the straight section on the soil collection cylinder (1) is greater than the diameter of the soil guide cylinder (2). The diameter of the straight section on the soil collection cylinder (1) is less than the diameter of the soil collection plate (3). The outer sides of the soil collection cylinder (1), the soil guide cylinder (2) and the soil collection plate (3) form a ridge with a cross section of M. The soil flow port (101) is located on the side wall of the straight section.

2. The method for planting dryland potatoes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the outer edges of the two soil collection pans (3) is 900±50mm; the axial length of the straight section of the soil collection cylinder (1) is 120±10mm; the total length of the soil collection cylinder (1) is 275±10mm; and the axial length of the soil guide cylinder (2) is 125±10mm.

3. The method for planting dryland potatoes as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The soil collection cylinder (1) has two symmetrically arranged square soil outlets (101) or three square soil outlets (101) evenly distributed along the circumference on its side wall; the perforated plate (102) has a triangular structure, and each soil outlet (101) has two perforated plates (102). One side of each perforated plate (102) is welded to the two opposite sides of the soil outlet (101), and the welded side of the perforated plate (102) is perpendicular to the axis of the soil collection cylinder (1).

4. The method for planting dryland potatoes as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The cross-section of the soil guide groove (4) is a V-shaped structure; each soil collection plate (3) has 3 to 5 soil guide grooves (4); when the ridge micro-groove forming device (20) rolls to the height of the soil guide groove (4) greater than 1 / 2 of the highest position, the soil guide groove (4) and the guide plate (5) corresponding to this soil guide groove (4) are gradually tilted downward.

5. The method for planting dryland potatoes as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: There are 6 connecting rods (6) and they are divided into two groups of 3 rods each. The two groups of connecting rods (6) are connected to the two ends of the installation shaft respectively. The 3 connecting rods (6) in each group are arranged at equal angles. One end of the connecting rod (6) is connected to the installation shaft and the other end is connected to the inside of the guide tube (2).

6. The method for planting dryland potatoes as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The seed-taking spoon has a stable through hole in the center; the front end of the frame (8) has two lower suspensions (801) and one upper suspension (802).

7. The method for planting dryland potatoes as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Potatoes are planted on both sides of the ridge, with a spacing of 400±20mm between the potatoes on both sides.

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