Shear force and supported body displacement and deformation data real-time monitoring anchor rod

Abstract

This invention discloses an anchor bolt for real-time monitoring of shear force and displacement and deformation data of the supported structure. Its main structure includes an anchoring trench, a slotted anchor bolt sleeve, a transmission line hole, strain gauge sensors, a laser rangefinder sensor, an attitude sensor, a support plate, a nut, a laser transmission hole, a data transmission line, and a data display instrument. A trench is excavated in the anchoring section, and strain gauge sensors are installed on the sidewalls of the trench to measure the strain values ​​in three directions under the pressure of the surrounding rock in real time. The maximum principal stress value at the detection plane is calculated using elasticity methods, thereby determining the tensile and shear forces on the anchor bolt. Attitude sensors are installed at the bottom of the trench and at the anchor head, and a laser rangefinder sensor is also installed at the anchor head to acquire data such as the anchor bolt's position change, structural deformation, and rotation angle during the monitoring period. This enables real-time detection and transmission of deformation and displacement data of the supported structure, providing safe and reasonable guidance for engineering construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of civil engineering and geotechnical engineering technology. Specifically, it relates to an anchor rod for real-time monitoring of shear force and displacement and deformation data of the supported body. Background Technology

[0002] Anchor bolts are a type of underground support structure primarily used to reinforce soil and rock masses. Their use is becoming increasingly widespread in modern engineering. Due to the complexity of the stress state of anchor bolts, accurately and effectively monitoring this stress state has been a research hotspot. Anchor bolt support technology is widely applied in coal mine roadways, foundation pits, and slope engineering in my country. Its essential function is to effectively prevent delamination and sliding of the structural surface through the axial tensile and transverse shear forces of the bolt, preventing the formation of new cracks within the surrounding rock, thus improving the shear strength of the surrounding rock structure, maintaining the integrity and stability of the surrounding rock, and avoiding significant deformation and damage.

[0003] In numerous anchoring engineering examples, common anchor failure modes include tensile-shear failure and tensile-bending failure. Anchor failure is often related to shear slippage of structural surfaces, and the mechanical properties of these surfaces significantly influence the anchor's failure characteristics. Shear slippage of structural surfaces generates substantial shear loads on the anchor, causing some components to undergo shear bending deformation, leading to yielding failure and ultimately, failure. Currently, most anchor support designs only consider the axial anchoring effect. However, field statistics show that under conditions of deep burial and high ground stress, anchor failure in deep surrounding rock is often caused by a combination of tensile and shear forces, rather than simple tensile fracture. While domestic and international scholars have conducted extensive research on the stress and failure mechanisms of anchors under tension, research on the mechanical properties of anchors under shear forces is relatively limited.

[0004] Given the diverse construction conditions, the stress and failure of anchor bolts under shear forces should be a key focus, as indicated in the instruction manual. Figure 6 As shown, especially in geological conditions where faults and joints are widely distributed, the supported structure is prone to displacement, which can lead to shear failure of the anchor bolts. Therefore, it is essential to develop a new type of anchor bolt that can monitor the shear condition of the anchor bolts in real time. This is of great importance for safe and reasonable construction and for ensuring the safety of the project and personnel.

[0005] In engineering fields such as foundation pit engineering and slope engineering, displacement and deformation monitoring is a crucial step. It helps engineers promptly identify and resolve potential problems, ensuring the safety and stability of structures. Deformation monitoring in engineering typically employs instruments such as levels, theodolites, total stations, and laser rangefinders to measure data like height, angles, and coordinates of structures, while devices like inclinometers, settlement gauges, displacement gauges, and strain gauges monitor tilt, settlement, and deformation. However, these instruments and devices require independent setup, operation, and maintenance, a cumbersome and complex process. Therefore, developing a more flexible and convenient integrated monitoring system would significantly reduce the workload of technical personnel and allow for faster data acquisition, ensuring safe and efficient construction.

[0006] Currently, a large number of studies have been conducted on the monitoring of shear failure of anchor bolts and displacement and deformation of the supported structure. The current research status is as follows:

[0007] Chinese Patent Application No. 201410707116.9 discloses a novel shear force measuring device and method. The device includes an upper connecting plate and a lower connecting plate, connected by multiple deformable steel plates or multiple deformable steel columns. A set of shear strain gauges is installed on any of the deformable steel plates or columns. When using a deformable steel plate structure, four shear strain gauges are used, vertically spaced and symmetrically attached to both sides of the deformable steel plate, allowing measurement of uniaxial strain on the surface of the deformable steel plate at a fixed position. When using a deformable steel column structure, four or eight shear strain gauges are used, vertically spaced and symmetrically attached to two opposite faces or four faces of the deformable steel column, measuring uniaxial or biaxial strain on the surface of the deformable steel column. This shear force measuring device has a large tonnage measurement capacity, but the measurement method is cumbersome and cannot be applied to measuring the shear force on support anchor rods in engineering sites.

[0008] Chinese patent application number 201420098354.X discloses a shear-resistant grouting anchor bolt, which consists of a secondary rod body and a main rod body connected together. The secondary rod body is a section of high-strength seamless steel pipe with threads machined on the outer end of the hole, and is equipped with a tray and a nut. The main rod body has several grouting holes at regular intervals on a flexible tube. A steel strand support is provided at the grouting hole, and steel strands are wound around the flexible tube to form a rope-like shape. The steel strands at the grouting holes are opened by the steel strand support to form grouting gaps. When the secondary rod body and the main rod body are connected, the flexible tube is inserted into the high-strength seamless steel pipe and interconnected with it. The steel strands are connected to the end of the high-strength seamless steel pipe, thereby connecting the secondary rod body and the main rod body into one unit. It features flexibility, high strength, and strong resistance to shear failure. It achieves full-length anchoring of the anchor rod through gradual grouting and uses the diffusion of grout to reinforce the surrounding rock, thereby improving the support effect of weak surrounding rock projects. However, it cannot monitor the shear force on the anchor rod and cannot predict the failure status of the supported body in a timely manner based on the stress of the anchor rod to guide the construction process.

[0009] Through review and research of existing technologies, it was found that previous studies on devices for measuring shear force on structures and the shear resistance of anchor bolts have yielded some results, but there is still a gap in the ability of anchor bolts themselves to measure and monitor the shear force they are subjected to in real time.

[0010] Chinese patent application number 202111434957.3 discloses a device and method for monitoring foundation pit deformation. The technical solution is as follows: The foundation pit deformation monitoring device includes a horizontal water injection pipe laid along the perimeter of the foundation pit. The horizontal water injection pipes are connected end-to-end to form a sealed ring. Vertical pipes are connected to the horizontal water injection pipes at various positions corresponding to the foundation pit deformation monitoring points. The vertical pipes are connected to the horizontal water injection pipes and have liquid level markings. The vertical pipes are arranged vertically and their upper ends are connected to the outside. The device monitors the deformation of the foundation pit. When the horizontal water injection pipes are fully filled with water, the foundation pit deformation monitoring points bulge or settle. The corresponding vertical pipe rises or falls, and the actual liquid level in the vertical pipe changes accordingly relative to the liquid level markings. This change accurately obtains the bulging and settling changes at the foundation pit deformation monitoring points. This method is complex and cumbersome to operate, requires a separate monitoring device, is costly, and has a large margin of error.

[0011] Chinese Patent Application No. 201510655013.7 discloses a soil backfill stratified settlement monitoring device and method. The monitoring device includes a bottom settlement monitoring unit, a middle settlement monitoring unit, and a surface settlement monitoring unit, all vertically arranged and buried from bottom to top within the soil layer to be monitored. Burial holes are drilled within the soil layer to be monitored, and an anchor head is installed directly below the bottom settlement monitoring unit. Each of the bottom, middle, and surface settlement monitoring units includes a clinometer tube, a telescopic tube fitted over the outside of the clinometer tube, and a displacement sensor installed on the upper inner side of the clinometer tube. The monitoring method includes the following steps: 1. Drilling the burial holes; 2. Installing the bottom settlement monitoring unit; 3. Installing the middle settlement monitoring unit; 4. Installing the surface settlement monitoring unit; 5. Stratified settlement monitoring. This invention has cumbersome design steps, complex operation, and difficult installation, making it unsuitable for monitoring the deformation and displacement of anchor-supported structures.

[0012] A comprehensive analysis of the various devices and methods used by the aforementioned units reveals the following shortcomings:

[0013] 1. Existing technologies can only improve the shear resistance of anchor bolts or measure the shear force of specific structures under predetermined conditions. They cannot monitor and transmit the shear force and axial tension applied to the anchor bolt structure itself in real time.

[0014] 2. Existing devices often have limited functionality. Monitoring the displacement and deformation data of the supported structure is often complicated and cumbersome to operate, difficult to install, has large measurement errors, and is costly. It is impossible to monitor and transmit multiple data from the same device. Summary of the Invention

[0015] This invention creatively designs an anchor bolt for real-time monitoring of shear force and displacement and deformation data of the supported structure. To address the current challenges of real-time monitoring of lateral shear force on anchor bolts in strata with numerous faults and joints, and the difficulty in measuring deformation parameters such as settlement and tilt angle of the supported structure during construction, this invention cleverly utilizes strain gauge sensors, attitude sensors, and laser rangefinders to simply and effectively solve the problem of real-time monitoring of lateral shear force on anchor bolts and displacement and deformation parameters of the supported structure during construction. Based on the traditional anchor bolt structure, this invention involves excavating a trench in the anchoring section and installing strain gauge sensors on the sidewalls of the trench to measure in real-time the displacement and deformation data of the anchoring section under surrounding rock pressure. The system measures minute strain in three directions, calculates the maximum principal stress and maximum shear stress at the plane where the strain gauge sensors are installed using elastic mechanics methods, and transmits the data through holes designed in the anchor bolts. Computer processing is then used to determine the longitudinal tensile force and transverse shear force on the anchor bolts, guiding the construction process. Attitude sensors and laser rangefinders are installed at the bottom of the trench and at the anchor head to monitor the displacement and deformation data of the supported structure, especially in foundation pits and slopes, in real time. This enables real-time monitoring and transmission of displacement and deformation data of the supported structure during construction, allowing for checks on the rationality of the support structure, early prediction of potential emergencies, and the implementation of appropriate measures to ensure safe construction.

[0016] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0017] An anchor bolt for real-time monitoring of shear force and displacement and deformation data of the supported body, the main structure of which includes an anchoring section groove, a slotted anchor bolt sleeve, a transmission line hole, a strain gauge sensor, a laser rangefinder sensor, an attitude sensor, a support plate, a nut, a laser transmission hole, a data transmission line, and a data display instrument.

[0018] The strain gauge sensors described herein need to be attached to the sidewall of the anchoring section trench. The anchoring section trench is a narrow, elongated slot-like trench reserved in the anchoring section where the anchor rod bears the pressure and shear force of the surrounding rock. Before the anchor rod is buried, a strain gauge sensor is attached to the sidewall of the anchoring section trench every 10 cm. Then, the connection lines of the strain gauge sensors are connected to an external data display instrument through the pre-reserved transmission holes in the anchor rod. The core of each strain gauge sensor is a triaxial 45° strain gauge, which has three resistance strain gauges with different axial sensitive grids: one along the anchor rod body direction, one perpendicular to the anchor rod body direction, and one perpendicular to the anchor rod body direction. The anchor rods are arranged at a 45° angle. The strain values ​​directly measured by each sensitive grid of the strain rosette can be used to calculate the magnitude and direction of the principal strain of the plane stress field in the anchor rod using elasticity formulas or strain Mohr's circle. Combined with the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the anchor rod material, the magnitude and direction of the principal stress can be directly calculated using formulas. The raw data measured by the strain rosette sensors can be displayed and exported in real time on the data display instrument. Combined with the shear stress reciprocity theorem, the magnitude and direction of the principal stress of the plane stress field in the anchor rod, as well as the longitudinal tension of the anchor rod anchorage section and the surrounding rock shear force, are obtained by computer program analysis and calculation.

[0019] The aforementioned attitude sensors are distributed at the bottom of the anchorage trench and at the anchor head of the anchor bolt. Attitude sensors are placed every 20cm at the bottom of the trench. Each attitude sensor consists of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, and a digital motion processor. It acquires data from the gyroscope and accelerometer in real time, processes and outputs quaternions, and can detect the anchor bolt's attitude and position in real time. It obtains data such as position changes, structural deformation, and rotation angles of the anchor bolt during the monitoring period. By comparing and analyzing this data with the initial data, minute changes in the anchor bolt's embedded position within the supported structure can be obtained. Furthermore, by analyzing these changes in anchor bolt position, data on settlement, tilting, etc., occurring within the supported structure can be obtained. Deformation and displacement data, such as the change in the angle between the anchor bolt and the horizontal direction, combined with the initial angle value when the anchor bolt was installed, can reveal the tilting deformation of the sidewalls of the supported structures such as foundation pits and slopes. Simultaneously, it can monitor minute deformations and damage to the anchor bolt structure itself under external forces. Combining the acquired data with data from strain gauge sensors provides more reliable data on anchor bolt stress and deformation, facilitating timely adjustments to support methods and the implementation of emergency measures to ensure construction safety. Raw data measured by attitude sensors can be displayed in real-time on a data display instrument and exported, then analyzed and calculated by a computer program to obtain the necessary parameters.

[0020] The aforementioned slotted anchor sleeve is nested in the anchorage section trench of the anchor bolt. Considering that the anchor bolt itself is a cylindrical structure, reserving an anchorage section trench would change its support performance. To enhance the anchor bolt's load-bearing capacity and minimize the impact of anchorage section trench excavation on the anchor bolt support effect, while also protecting the strain gauge sensors, attitude sensors, and data transmission lines deployed in the anchorage section trench, after the strain gauge sensors, attitude sensors, and data transmission lines are installed, the remaining space in the anchorage section trench is filled with polyvinyl chloride resin material. Then, the matching slotted anchor sleeve is mechanically nested in the anchorage section trench. The designed slotted anchor sleeve has a diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the anchorage section under normal conditions, which can apply a strong gripping force to the anchorage section, ensuring that the slotted anchor sleeve and the anchor bolt form a whole. The presence of the slotted anchor sleeve can evenly transfer the shear force on the anchor bolt to the anchor bolt body, making its support performance safer and more reliable, and the monitoring results more reasonable and accurate.

[0021] The laser rangefinder sensor is located at the anchor head of the anchor bolt, below the attitude sensor at the anchor head. A laser transmission hole is pre-drilled at its lower part, through which the laser beam can be emitted. During construction, after determining the anchor bolt placement, the laser transmission hole of the laser rangefinder sensor is positioned downwards. The laser rangefinder sensor can measure the minute distance change from the anchor bolt placement location to the bottom calibration surface of the support structure in real time. Dividing this minute distance change by the initial distance from the anchor bolt placement location to the bottom of the support structure and multiplying it by the total vertical distance of the support structure yields the total settlement and vertical displacement deformation of the support structure. The deformation data measured by the laser rangefinder sensor and the deformation data obtained by the attitude sensor are cross-validated and analyzed together, providing safer and more reasonable guidance for the construction process and avoiding safety hazards caused by errors or inaccuracies in a single data point.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0023] 1. The clever placement of strain gauge sensors can simply and effectively solve the problem of the inability to monitor the shear force on the anchor bolts of strata with many fault joint surfaces in real time.

[0024] 2. The cleverly deployed attitude sensors can acquire data such as the position change, structural deformation and rotation angle of the anchor bolts in real time during the monitoring period. By comparing and analyzing the data with the initial data, the minute changes in the anchor bolts' embedded position in the supported structure can be obtained. Furthermore, by analyzing the changes in the anchor bolts' positions, data on the settlement, tilting and other deformations and displacements of the supported structure can be obtained.

[0025] 3. In order to enhance the load-bearing performance of the anchor bolts and minimize the impact of trench excavation on the anchor bolt support effect, the remaining space in the anchoring section trench is filled with polyvinyl chloride resin material. Then, the matching slotted pipe anchor sleeve is mechanically nested on the surface of the anchoring section trench. This can evenly transfer the shear force on the anchor bolt to the anchor bolt body, making its support performance safer and more reliable.

[0026] 4. The cleverly deployed laser rangefinders can measure the minute distance changes from the anchor bolt placement location to the bottom calibration surface of the support structure in real time. These minute distance changes can be used to calculate the total settlement and vertical displacement deformation of the support structure. This data can be cross-validated and analyzed with the deformation data obtained from the attitude sensors, providing safer and more reasonable guidance for the construction process. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is an axial sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a top view of the main body of the slotted anchor sleeve of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the arrangement of the strain gauge sensor of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the shearing and failure principle of anchor bolts in specific geological conditions.

[0034] Legend: 1. Anchorage trench; 2. Pipe-slot anchor sleeve; 3. Line transmission hole; 4. Strain gauge sensor; 5. Laser rangefinder sensor; 6. Attitude sensor; 7. Support plate; 8. Nut; 9. Laser transmission hole; 10. Data transmission line; 11. Data display instrument; 12. Anchor body; 13. Joint structure surface; 14. Supported structure. Detailed Implementation

[0035] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0036] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0037] For ease of description, the words "up," "down," "left," and "right" appearing in this invention only indicate that they are consistent with the up, down, left, and right directions of the accompanying drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure. They are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0038] As described in the background section, such as Figure 6 As shown, when the anchor bolt 12 is used as a support structure in strata where faults or joint surfaces 13 are widely distributed, it will be subjected to the lateral shearing action of the rock strata, causing the anchor bolt 12 to be stressed and damaged, thus failing to provide effective support for the supported structure 14. The existing technology for real-time monitoring of anchor bolt stress and the deformation and displacement data of the supported structure 14 is insufficient. In order to solve the above technical problems, this application proposes an anchor bolt for real-time monitoring of shear force and the displacement and deformation data of the supported body.

[0039] In a typical embodiment of this application, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown: A real-time monitoring anchor bolt for shear force and displacement and deformation data of the supported body, the main structure of which includes an anchoring section groove 1, a slotted anchor bolt sleeve 2, a line transmission hole 3, a strain gauge sensor 4, a laser rangefinder sensor 5, an attitude sensor 6, a support plate 7, a nut 8, a laser transmission hole 9, a data transmission line 10, and a data display instrument 11.

[0040] The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0041] An anchor bolt for real-time monitoring of shear force and displacement and deformation data of the supported body, the main structure of which includes an anchoring section groove 1, a slotted anchor bolt sleeve 2, a line transmission hole 3, a strain gauge sensor 4, a laser rangefinder sensor 5, an attitude sensor 6, a support plate 7, a nut 8, a laser transmission hole 9, a data transmission line 10, and a data display instrument 11.

[0042] like Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, the strain gauge sensor 4 needs to be attached to the side wall of the anchoring section trench 1. The anchoring section trench 1 is a narrow, elongated slot-like trench reserved in the anchoring section where the anchor rod bears the pressure and shear force of the surrounding rock. Before the anchor rod is buried, a strain gauge sensor 4 is attached to the side wall of the anchoring section trench 1 every 10 cm. Then, the connection line of the strain gauge sensor 4 is connected to the external data display instrument 11 through the reserved line transmission hole 3 in the anchor rod. The core of each strain gauge sensor 4 is a triaxial 45° strain gauge, which has three resistance strain gauges with different axial sensitive grids, one along the direction of the anchor rod body, one perpendicular to the anchor rod body, and one along the direction of the anchor rod body. The strain values ​​measured directly by the strain gauges of the strain rosette are arranged at a 45° angle to the direction of the anchor rod. The magnitude and direction of the principal strain of the plane stress field in the anchor rod can be obtained by calculating the strain values ​​using the elasticity formula or the strain Mohr circle. Combined with the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the anchor rod material, the magnitude and direction of the principal stress can be directly calculated according to the formula. The raw data measured by the strain rosette sensor 4 can be displayed and exported in real time on the data display instrument 11. Combined with the shear stress reciprocity theorem, the magnitude and direction of the principal stress of the plane stress field in the anchor rod, as well as the longitudinal tension of the anchor rod anchorage section and the surrounding rock shear force, are obtained by computer program analysis and calculation.

[0043] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the attitude sensor 6 is distributed at the bottom of the anchoring section trench 1 and at the anchor head position. Attitude sensors 6 are placed every 20cm at the bottom of the anchoring section trench 1. Each attitude sensor 6 consists of a gyroscope sensor, an accelerometer sensor, and a digital motion processor. It acquires data from the gyroscope and accelerometer sensors in real time, processes and outputs quaternions, and can detect the anchor's attitude and position in real time. It can obtain data such as position changes, structural deformation, and rotation angle of the anchor during the monitoring period. By comparing and analyzing with the initial data, it can obtain minute changes in the anchor's embedded position within the supported structure. Furthermore, by observing changes in the anchor's position, it can obtain data on settlement and tilting of the supported structure. The data on oblique deformation and displacement, such as the change in the angle between the anchor rod and the horizontal direction, combined with the initial angle value when the anchor rod was installed, can reveal the tilting deformation of the sidewalls of the supported structure, such as the foundation pit and slope. Simultaneously, it can monitor the minute deformations and damage to the anchor rod structure itself under external forces. Combining the acquired data with the data obtained by the strain gauge sensor 4 provides more reliable data on the anchor rod's stress and deformation, facilitating timely adjustments to the support method and the implementation of emergency measures to ensure construction safety. The raw data measured by the attitude sensor 6 can be displayed in real time on the data display instrument 11 and exported, then analyzed and calculated by a computer program to obtain the required parameters.

[0044] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, the slotted anchor sleeve 2 is nested in the anchoring section trench 1. Considering that the anchor itself is a cylindrical structure, reserving the anchoring section trench 1 will change its support performance. In order to enhance the stress performance of the anchor and minimize the impact of the excavation of the anchoring section trench 1 on the anchor support effect, while also protecting the strain gauge sensor 4, attitude sensor 6 and data transmission line 10 installed in the anchoring section trench 1, after the strain gauge sensor 4, attitude sensor 6 and data transmission line 10 are installed, in the anchoring section trench... The remaining space in the groove 1 is filled with polyvinyl chloride resin material. Then, the matching slotted anchor sleeve 2 is mechanically nested into the anchor section groove 1. The designed slotted anchor sleeve 2 has a diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the anchor section under normal conditions, which can apply a strong gripping force to the anchor section, ensuring that the slotted anchor sleeve 2 and the anchor rod form a whole. The presence of the slotted anchor sleeve 2 can evenly transfer the shear force on the anchor rod to the anchor rod, making its support performance safer and more reliable, and the monitoring results more reasonable and accurate.

[0045] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the laser rangefinder 5 is located at the anchor head of the anchor bolt, below the attitude sensor 6. A laser transmission hole 9 is pre-drilled at its lower part, through which the laser can be emitted. During construction, after determining the anchor bolt placement position, the laser transmission hole 9 of the laser rangefinder 5 is positioned downwards. The laser rangefinder 5 can measure the minute distance change from the anchor bolt placement position to the bottom calibration surface of the support structure in real time. By dividing this minute distance change by the initial distance from the anchor bolt placement position to the bottom of the support structure and multiplying by the total vertical distance of the support structure, the total settlement and vertical displacement deformation of the support structure can be obtained. The deformation data measured by the laser rangefinder 5 and the deformation data obtained by the attitude sensor 6 are mutually verified and analyzed, providing safer and more reasonable guidance for the construction process and avoiding safety hazards caused by errors or mistakes in a single data point.

[0046] While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anchor bolt for real-time monitoring of shear force and displacement and deformation data of the supported body, characterized in that, Its main structure includes an anchoring trench, a slotted anchor sleeve, a transmission line hole, a strain gauge sensor, a laser rangefinder sensor, an attitude sensor, a support plate, a nut, a laser transmission hole, a data transmission line, and a data display instrument. The strain gauge sensor is characterized in that it needs to be attached to the sidewall of the anchoring trench. The anchoring trench is a narrow, elongated slotted trench pre-reserved in the anchoring section where the anchor rod bears the pressure and shear force of the surrounding rock. Before the anchor rod is buried, a strain gauge sensor is attached to the sidewall of the anchoring trench every 10cm, and then the strain gauge... The sensor's connection lines are connected to an external data display instrument through pre-drilled transmission holes in the anchor bolt. Each strain gauge sensor's core is a triaxial 45° strain gauge with three resistance strain gauges with different axial sensitive grids, arranged along the anchor bolt body direction, perpendicular to the anchor bolt body direction, and at a 45° angle to the anchor bolt body direction, respectively. The attitude sensor is characterized by its distribution at the bottom of the anchoring section trench and at the anchor head position. Attitude sensors at the bottom of the anchoring section trench are placed every 20cm. This attitude sensor consists of a gyroscope sensor, an accelerometer sensor, and a digital motion processor. The slotted anchor bolt sleeve is characterized by its nesting within the anchoring section trench. Considering the anchor bolt's cylindrical structure, reserving an anchoring section trench would alter its support performance. To enhance the anchor bolt's load-bearing capacity and minimize the impact of anchoring section trench excavation on the anchor bolt support effect, while also protecting the strain gauge sensors, attitude sensors, and data transmission lines deployed in the anchoring section trench, the sleeve... After the road layout is completed, polyvinyl chloride resin material is filled in the remaining space of the anchoring section trench. Then, the matching slotted anchor sleeve is mechanically nested in the anchoring section trench. The designed slotted anchor sleeve has a diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the anchoring section under normal conditions, which applies a strong gripping force to the anchoring section, ensuring that the slotted anchor sleeve and the anchor rod form a whole. The presence of the slotted anchor sleeve will evenly transfer the shear force on the anchor rod to the anchor rod, making its support performance safer and more reliable, and the monitoring results more reasonable and accurate.The laser rangefinder sensor is characterized in that it is located at the anchor head of the anchor bolt, below the attitude sensor at the anchor head. A laser transmission hole is pre-drilled at its lower part, through which the laser beam is emitted. During construction, after the anchor bolt placement is determined, the laser transmission hole of the laser rangefinder sensor is positioned downwards. The laser rangefinder sensor measures the minute distance change from the anchor bolt placement location to the bottom calibration surface of the support structure in real time. This minute distance change is divided by the initial distance from the anchor bolt placement location to the bottom of the support structure, and then multiplied by the total vertical distance of the support structure to obtain the total settlement and vertical displacement deformation of the support structure. The deformation data measured by the laser rangefinder sensor and the deformation data obtained by the attitude sensor are cross-validated and analyzed together, providing safer and more reasonable guidance for the construction process and avoiding safety hazards caused by errors or inaccuracies in a single data point.

2. The anchor bolt for real-time monitoring of shear force and displacement and deformation data of the supported body as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The strain values ​​directly measured by each sensitive grid of the strain rose are then used to calculate the magnitude and direction of the principal strain of the plane stress field in the anchor bolt using elasticity formulas or strain Mohr's circle. Combined with the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the anchor bolt material, the magnitude and direction of the principal stress are directly calculated using formulas. The longitudinal tension and the surrounding rock shear force of the anchor bolt anchorage section are obtained through computer processing. The raw data measured by the strain rose sensor can be displayed and exported in real time on the data display instrument. Combined with the shear stress reciprocity theorem, the computer program analyzes and calculates the magnitude and direction of the principal stress of the plane stress field in the anchor bolt, as well as the relevant data of the longitudinal tension and the surrounding rock shear force of the anchor bolt anchorage section.

3. The anchor bolt for real-time monitoring of shear force and displacement and deformation data of the supported body as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The system acquires data from gyroscope and accelerometer sensors in real time, processes and outputs quaternions, and monitors the attitude and position of anchor bolts in real time. It obtains data on anchor bolt position changes, structural deformation, and rotation angles within the monitoring period. By comparing and analyzing this data with initial data, it identifies minute changes in the anchor bolt's embedded position within the supported structure. Furthermore, it uses these changes in anchor bolt position to obtain data on settlement, tilting deformation, and displacement of the supported structure, as well as changes in the angle between the anchor bolt and the horizontal direction. Combined with the initial angle values, it determines the sidewall tilting deformation of the foundation pit and slope support project. Simultaneously, it monitors minute deformations and damage to the anchor bolt structure itself under external forces. The acquired data is combined with data from strain gauge sensors to obtain more reliable anchor bolt stress and deformation data, facilitating timely adjustments to the support method and the implementation of emergency measures to ensure construction safety. The raw data measured by the attitude sensor is displayed in real time on a data display instrument and exported, then analyzed and calculated by a computer program to obtain the required parameters.

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