Compacting machine and plant for the manufacture of ceramic articles
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SACMI COOPERATIVA MECCANICI IMOLA SOC COOP ARL
- Filing Date
- 2021-12-01
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-16
Smart Images
Figure CN116829318B_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] Cross-reference to related applications
[0002] This patent application claims priority to Italian Patent Application No. 102020000029294, filed on December 1, 2020, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field
[0003] This invention relates to compaction machines and equipment for manufacturing ceramic products. Background Technology
[0004] In the production of ceramic products (especially slabs; more specifically ceramic tiles), machines are known for compacting semi-dry powder (ceramic powder; with a moisture content of approximately 5-6%). These machines include different types of ceramic powder feeding devices.
[0005] These machines are typically used to manufacture products that mimic natural stone (e.g., marble and / or granite).
[0006] The internal textures of these products are randomly distributed within the product's thickness.
[0007] Alternatively or additionally, it may be advantageous to use different types of powders to obtain articles with specific structural and / or physical characteristics.
[0008] In some cases, a mixture of powders of different colors is randomly distributed into the cavity of a steel mold and then compressed to obtain, for example, a slab of compacted powder.
[0009] It is also proposed to use a continuous compaction machine to produce slabs with a random distribution of powders of different colors. The continuous compaction machine includes a conveyor assembly for transporting powder material along a given path (in a substantially continuous manner) through a workstation, in which a compaction device is arranged in an area of the workstation. The compaction device is adapted to compact the powder material by means of the cooperation of pressure rollers, thereby obtaining a compacted powder layer.
[0010] An example of a continuous machine for compacting ceramic powder is described in international patent application No. WO2005 / 068146, which is from the same applicant as this application.
[0011] It is also known to create graphic decorations on compacted ceramic powder layers (e.g., by digital printing) to make the final product visually more similar to a natural product.
[0012] International patent application WO2018 / 163124 by the same applicant describes an apparatus for manufacturing ceramic articles, comprising two supply devices, each adapted to receive a powder material of a corresponding type and supply the powder material to a conveyor assembly; furthermore, the apparatus includes an operating device and a control unit, the operating device being adapted to allow the powder material to selectively exit an area of the supply devices arranged transversely to the direction of movement, and the control unit controlling the operating device based on a desired reference distribution and the distance the conveyor assembly moves the powder material. Specifically, the operating device includes a plurality of operating units, each arranged in a region of a corresponding area to regulate the passage of material through that region.
[0013] However, the equipment available to date for manufacturing ceramic products has several drawbacks. These drawbacks include the following: Devices that allow the selective supply of different types of powder materials are relatively complex, bulky (and therefore difficult to miniaturize—which also makes it difficult to improve distribution resolution) and expensive. Furthermore, they do not always allow for accurate and repeatable powder distribution.
[0014] The object of the present invention is to provide compaction machines and equipment that allow at least some of the disadvantages of known technologies to be overcome, while being simple and inexpensive to manufacture. Summary of the Invention
[0015] According to the present invention, a compaction machine and apparatus for manufacturing ceramic articles are provided, which are protected according to the contents claimed in the appended independent claims, preferably in any of the claims directly or indirectly dependent on the independent claims. Attached Figure Description
[0016] The invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which depict some non-limiting embodiments of the invention, wherein:
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic side view of the device according to the present invention;
[0018] Figure 2 and Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Side views of the internal parts of the device under two different operating configurations;
[0019] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 and Figure 3 A three-dimensional view of the components;
[0020] Figure 5 It includes Figure 2 and Figure 3 A three-dimensional view of the part;
[0021] Figure 6 yes Figure 2 and Figure 3 A partial 3D view, in which some parts have been removed for clarity;
[0022] Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 yes Figure 2 and Figure 3 Side views of different implementations of certain parts under different operating configurations;
[0023] Figure 10 yes Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 A three-dimensional view of the components;
[0024] Figure 11 yes Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a part of the equipment;
[0025] Figure 12 and Figure 13 yes Figure 2 and Figure 3 Side views of different implementations of certain parts under different operating configurations;
[0026] Figure 14 yes Figure 4 and Figure 10 Front views of different implementations of the components;
[0027] Figure 15 yes Figure 1 A virtual representation of part of the control process of the device; and
[0028] Figure 16 , Figure 17 , Figure 18 and Figure 19 yes Figure 2 and Figure 3 Side views of different implementations of certain parts under different operating configurations. Detailed Implementation
[0029] exist Figure 1 In the figure, reference numeral 1 indicates the entire apparatus used to manufacture ceramic product T.
[0030] Equipment 1 is equipped with a compaction machine 2 for compacting powder material CP, which includes ceramic powder (specifically, the powder material CP is ceramic powder; more specifically, the ceramic powder has a moisture content of about 5-6%).
[0031] Specifically, the ceramic products T produced are slabs (more precisely, ceramic tiles).
[0032] Machine 2 includes: a compaction device 3 arranged in the area of workstation 4 and adapted (configured to) compact powder material CP to obtain a layer of compacted powder KP; and a conveyor assembly 5 configured to transport powder material CP from input station 6 (in a substantially continuous manner) to workstation 4 along a given path in the direction of movement A (partially, substantially horizontal), and to transport the layer of compacted powder KP from workstation 4 to output station 7 (partially, in direction A) along a given path in the portion PA. Specifically, the given path consists of portions PA and PB.
[0033] According to a non-limiting embodiment, the compaction device 3 is configured to apply at least approximately 350 kg / cm² to the powder material CP. 2 (Specifically, at least approximately 380 kg / cm²) 2 Specifically, it reaches approximately 450 kg / cm². 2 More specifically, it reaches approximately 420 kg / cm². 2 (The pressure)
[0034] Especially referencing Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figures 5 to 9 , Figure 12 and Figure 13 The machine 2 also includes a supply assembly 9, which includes supply devices 10 and 11 arranged above the conveyor assembly 5. Supply device 10 includes a corresponding receiving chamber 12 having at least one associated output port 13, the longitudinal extension of which is transverse (particularly perpendicular to) the direction of movement A (specifically, this longitudinal extension is substantially horizontal). The second supply device 11 includes at least one corresponding receiving chamber 14 having an associated output port 15, the longitudinal extension of which is transverse (particularly perpendicular to) the direction of movement A (specifically, this longitudinal extension is substantially horizontal). Specifically, the longitudinal extensions of output ports 13 and 15 are substantially parallel to each other.
[0035] More precisely, the receiving chamber 12 is adapted to receive a first type of (ceramic) powder material CA, and the receiving chamber 14 is adapted to receive a second type of (ceramic) powder material CB.
[0036] According to some non-limiting embodiments, the powder materials CA and CB (which are ceramic) have different colors from each other. This allows for color effects to be produced within the thickness of the ceramic article T. These color effects are visible, for example, at the edges of the ceramic article. Alternatively or additionally, the powder materials CA and CB are adapted (configured to) produce different physical characteristics within the ceramic article T.
[0037] Specifically, powder material CP is composed of one or both of powder materials CA and CB. More precisely, powder material CP includes powder materials CA and CB (composed of powder materials CA and CB).
[0038] According to some embodiments (such as the one depicted), the supply device 10 includes a (single) receiving chamber 12, while the supply device 11 includes two receiving chambers 14 and 14' (arranged on opposite sides of the receiving chamber 12). Furthermore, each receiving chamber 14 and 14' has a corresponding outlet 15 and 15' (particularly, substantially facing each other).
[0039] Output port 13 has corresponding channel areas 16 arranged sequentially along the longitudinal extension of output port 13 (see in particular). Figure 5 and Figure 6 The output port 15 (and output port 15') has corresponding channel areas 17 arranged sequentially along the longitudinal extension of the output port 15. The supply assembly 9 also includes an operating device 18 (see in particular...). Figure 2 This is adapted (to be configured) to allow powder material to selectively exit through one or more of channel regions 16 and 17. In particular, each channel region 16 is arranged next to (more precisely, above, and in particular associated with) the corresponding channel region 17.
[0040] Advantageously but not necessarily, machine 1 also includes ( Figure 1 Control unit 20, adapted to be configured to store (already stored) a reference distribution 21 of first type powder material CA and second type powder material CB in powder material CP transported via conveyor assembly 5 (to be obtained). Figure 15 The control unit 20 is adapted to control the operating device 18 to reproduce the reference distribution 21 according to the reference distribution 21. More specifically, the control unit 20 is adapted to control the operating device 18 to reproduce the reference distribution 21 on the conveyor assembly 5.
[0041] According to some non-limiting embodiments, machine 1 also includes a detection device 19 (e.g., an encoder) for detecting the length of the conveyor assembly 5 transporting powder material CP (in the direction of movement A) along a given path, particularly along part PA. In these cases, in particular, control unit 20 is adapted (configured to) control operating device 18 based on data detected by detection device 19 and reference distribution 21. More specifically, control unit 20 is adapted (configured to) control operating device 18 based on data detected by detection device 19 to reproduce reference distribution 21 (on conveyor assembly 5).
[0042] According to some non-limiting embodiments (in particular see...), Figure 5 and Figure 6 The operating device 18 includes multiple operating units 22 (in) Figure 5 and Figure 6 Only four of them are depicted in the image, each operating unit 22 being arranged in the region of a corresponding channel region 16 and 17 and adapted (to be configured) to regulate the passage of powder material through the corresponding channel region 16 and 17. In particular, the operating units 22 are arranged sequentially along the longitudinal extension of the output ports 13 and 15 (in the transverse direction—in particular, substantially perpendicular to—the direction of movement A).
[0043] Advantageously, but not necessarily, the control unit 20 is configured to control each operating unit 22 independently of the other operating units 22 (based on data detected by the detection device 19 and reference distribution 21).
[0044] Specifically, in use, the control unit 20, based on the data detected by the detection device 19, directs the reference distribution 21 along the virtual path VP. Figure 15 (Actually) it moves through the virtual reference surface RP. The virtual reference surface RP has multiple positions, each corresponding to a channel region 16 and a channel region 17 associated with each other; the control unit 20 operates the supply assembly 9 (specifically, supply devices 10 and 11; more specifically, operating device 18; even more specifically, operating unit 22) to provide the type of powder material in the reference distribution 21 at a specific time according to the position on the virtual reference surface RP corresponding to the channel region 16 and / or 17, allowing the powder material to leave through the channel region 16 and / or 17 at that specific time.
[0045] Advantageously but not necessarily (see especially) Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figures 5 to 9 as well as Figures 12 to 14 Each operating unit 22 includes: a corresponding transfer moving part 23 having a transfer channel 24 (i.e., a recessed passageway or pipe), the transfer channel 24 having at least one input end 25 and at least one output end 26 disposed below the input end 25; and a corresponding actuator 27. Figure 5 Actuator 27 is used to move the transfer moving part 23 to a first position FP and at least to a second position SP. In the first position FP, the transfer channel 24 is connected to the receiving chamber 12. Figure 3 , Figure 9 and Figure 13This allows the first type of powder material CA to move from the receiving chamber 12 to the transfer channel 24 (specifically, via the channel 24 itself; more specifically, via the input end 25; even more specifically, via the output port 13), where the second position SP is arranged below the first position FP and at the second position SP, the transfer channel 24 is connected to the receiving chamber 14. Figure 2 , Figure 8 and Figure 12 This allows the second type of powder material CB to move from the receiving chamber 14 (and / or 14') to the transfer channel 24 (specifically, via the channel 24 itself; more specifically, via the input end 25; and even more specifically, via the output port 15).
[0046] In other words, each actuator 27 is configured to move the transmission moving part 23 (at least) between the first position FP and the second position SP (in particular, substantially vertically), and vice versa.
[0047] In other words, each actuator 27 is configured to move the moving part 23 (at least) from the first position FP (in particular, substantially vertically) to the second position SP, and vice versa.
[0048] It should be noted that since channel 24 is part of moving part 23, it (channel 24) moves together with moving part 23.
[0049] Specifically, the second position SP is positioned below the first position FP (especially below the first position FP). In other words, the first position FP is positioned higher (above) than the second position SP.
[0050] It should be noted that the structure and operation of the aforementioned operating unit 22 are particularly simple and inexpensive. For example, using a single actuator 27, two or more types of powder materials (explained in more detail below) can be selectively and rapidly supplied to the conveyor assembly 5. Furthermore, the need for gaskets (and / or sealing systems) is greatly reduced.
[0051] Specifically, the second position SP is positioned below the first position FP (especially below the first position FP). In other words, the first position FP is positioned higher (above) than the second position SP.
[0052] This allows for more precise powder supply: each type of powder passes through the same output terminal 26 (and thus at the same location).
[0053] Advantageously, but not necessarily, each actuator 27 is configured to move the corresponding moving part 23 between a first position FP and a second position SP in a direction transverse to (particularly substantially perpendicular to) direction A (especially substantially vertical).
[0054] According to some non-limiting embodiments, the transfer channel 24 is configured such that powder materials CA and / or CB (more specifically, due to gravity) flow through the transfer channel 24 itself (from input 25 and / or from another input 28—described in more detail below—to output 26).
[0055] Additionally or alternatively, the transfer channel 24 is configured such that the powder materials CA and / or CB exit from the channel 24 itself through the output end 26 (more specifically, due to gravity).
[0056] According to some non-limiting embodiments (in particular see...), Figure 2 and Figure 3 Each operation unit 22 is configured such that, when the transfer moving part 23 is in the first position FP, the input end 25 faces the output port 13.
[0057] More precisely, but not necessarily, (each operating unit 22 is configured such that, when the transfer moving part 23 is in the first position FP) in the first position FP, the moving part 23 is (at least) partially arranged inside the receiving chamber 12 (in particular, the input end 25 is located inside the receiving chamber 12).
[0058] Specifically, each operating unit 22 is configured such that when the transfer moving part 23 is in the first position FP, the moving part 23 (at least partially; more specifically, completely) closes the output port 13.
[0059] Additionally or alternatively, (when the moving part is in the second position SP) in the second position SP, the input end 25 faces the output port 15.
[0060] Especially referencing Figure 4 , Figure 10 , Figure 12 and Figure 14 Advantageously, but not necessarily, each transfer channel 24 has at least one additional input terminal 28; (each operating unit 22 is configured such that, when the corresponding transfer moving part 23 is in the first position FP) in the first position FP, the input terminal 28 is connected to the receiving chamber 12, such that the first type of powder material CA moves from the receiving chamber 12 to the transfer channel 24 (through the input terminal 28).
[0061] Specifically, (when the transfer moving member 23 is in the second position SP) in the second position SP, the input end 28 is arranged such that the second type of powder material CB also moves through the input end 28 (from the supply device 11) to the channel 24. More specifically, (when the transfer moving member 23 is in the second position SP) in the second position SP, the input end 28 is arranged such that it connects to an additional receiving chamber 14' (of the supply device 11, and more specifically, that contains the second type of powder material CB), such that the second type of powder material CB moves from the receiving chamber 14' to the transfer channel 24 (through the input end 28). More specifically, the input end 28 faces an additional output port 15' of the receiving chamber 14'.
[0062] For example, receiving chamber 12 is arranged between receiving chambers 14 and 14'.
[0063] According to some non-limiting embodiments, input terminal 25 and additional input terminal 28 are at least partially arranged on opposite sides of the respective transmission moving member 23. In other words, input terminal 25 and additional input terminal 28 (at least partially) face opposite sides of the respective moving member 23.
[0064] Advantageously, but not necessarily, each output should have 26 faces down.
[0065] Advantageously but not necessarily, such as in Figure 5 and Figure 6 As better depicted below, the transfer moving parts 23 are arranged sequentially transversely to the direction of movement A (particularly along the output port 13 and the second output port 15; more specifically, also along the output port 15'; more specifically, along the additional output port 29 of the additional receiving chamber 30—described in more detail below), such that each moving part 23 is in contact with one or more adjacent transfer moving parts 23 (particularly in a sealed manner—i.e., to prevent the passage of particles of powder material CP).
[0066] This avoids the need for expensive and complex (and most importantly, assembly-intensive) partitions arranged between adjacent operating units 22 (where partitions are recommended in the machine described in patent application WO2018 / 163124). Furthermore, it eliminates the need for relatively expensive, difficult-to-install, and easily worn gaskets (and / or sealing systems).
[0067] Specifically, each actuator 27 is configured to move the corresponding transmission moving part 23 such that the corresponding transmission moving part 23 slides in contact with one or more adjacent transmission moving parts 23.
[0068] According to some non-limiting embodiments, each transfer moving component 23 includes a corresponding base wall 32 that partially defines the transfer channel 24. In particular, each base wall 32 is transverse to the longitudinal extension direction of the output port 13 and especially transverse to the longitudinal extension direction of the output port 15. More specifically, each base wall 32 is substantially parallel to the movement direction A.
[0069] Advantageously, but not necessarily, each moving component 23 has no wall opposite the base wall 32. In other words, the channel 24 is a cavity (open at the top) in the body of the moving component 23, and thus the moving component 23 has at least one protrusion 34 relative to the channel 24 (see in particular). Figure 4 and Figure 10 —In the case at hand, there are three protrusions (34).
[0070] The moving part 23 with this shape is particularly simple to manufacture. In addition, it is more difficult to form obstacles (e.g., caused by clumps of powder material) along the channel 24 in this way.
[0071] According to some non-limiting embodiments, at least one channel 24 (in particular, each channel 24 other than one) is defined by the base wall 32 of the adjacent transfer moving member 23 (arranged on opposite sides of the respective base wall 32) by the opposite portion of the respective base wall 32 (in other words, the base wall 32 of the respective moving member 23).
[0072] In particular ( Figure 5 and Figure 6 Each actuator 27 is configured to move a corresponding transfer moving member 23 such that the corresponding transfer moving member 23 slides in contact with one or more adjacent transfer moving members 23. In other words, each moving member 23 moves in such a manner that its base wall 32 slides in contact with one or more portions 34 of an adjacent moving member 23 and / or in such a manner that one or more portions 34 of its base wall 32 slides in contact with the base wall 32 of an adjacent moving member.
[0073] Especially referencing Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figures 7 to 9 , Figure 12 and Figure 13 (As described below), advantageously but not necessarily, each operating unit 22 includes a corresponding operating lever 33, which is integrated with a corresponding moving part 23 and connected to a corresponding actuator 27. Figure 5The actuator 27 transmits motion from the actuator 27 to the moving member 23. According to some non-limiting embodiments, the operating lever 33 extends upward (specifically, vertically) from the moving member 23 (particularly from its upper end) through the receiving chamber 12. For example, the actuator 27 comprises a pneumatically operated member or an electric motor (particularly linear). Advantageously, but not necessarily, the actuator 27 is arranged above the receiving chamber 12.
[0074] According to some non-limiting embodiments not depicted, each actuator 27 is configured to move the corresponding transfer moving part 23 to an intermediate position (in particular, to hold it in that position), which is located between a first position FP and a second position SP, and in the intermediate position, the corresponding transfer channel 24 is connected to the receiving chamber 12 such that powder material CA moves from the receiving chamber 12 to the transfer channel 24 (through the output port 13), and is connected to the receiving chamber 14 such that powder material CB moves from the receiving chamber 14 to the transfer channel 24 (in particular, through the output port 15).
[0075] Especially referencing Figures 7 to 9 Advantageously, but not necessarily, the supply assembly 9 includes at least one other supply device 30', which is arranged above the conveyor assembly 5 (particularly in the area of the input station 6) and includes a corresponding receiving chamber 30, configured to receive a third type of powder material (ceramic material not specifically depicted) and having an associated output port 29, the longitudinal extension of which is transverse (particularly perpendicular to) the direction of movement A (this longitudinal extension is particularly substantially horizontal). In particular, the longitudinal extension of the output port 29 is substantially parallel to the longitudinal extension of the output ends 13 and 15.
[0076] According to some embodiments, the third type of powder material has a different color than powder materials CA and CB. This allows for color effects to be produced within the thickness of the ceramic article T. These color effects are visible, for example, at the edges of the ceramic article T. Alternatively or additionally, the third type of powder material is adapted (configured to) produce physical characteristics in the ceramic article T that are different from those of powder materials CA and CB.
[0077] Specifically, powder material CP consists of one of three types of powder materials or (advantageously) all three types of powder materials. More precisely, powder material CP includes the third type of powder material as well as powder materials CA and CB (composed of the third type of powder material as well as powder materials CA and CB).
[0078] The output port 29 has corresponding channel areas 31 arranged sequentially along the longitudinal extension of the third output port 29.
[0079] Specifically, each channel area 31 is arranged next to (more precisely, between, and in particular, associated with) the corresponding channel area 17 and the corresponding channel area 16.
[0080] Specifically, the operating device 18 is configured to allow (specifically, and / or prevent) the output of a third type of powder material through the channel region 31; each operating unit 22 is arranged in the region of the corresponding channel region 31 and is configured to regulate the passage of the third type of powder material through the corresponding channel region 31. More specifically, each actuator 27 is configured to move the transfer moving member 23 to at least the third position TP. Figure 8 At the third position TP, the transfer channel 24 is connected to the receiving chamber 30, so that the third type of powder material moves from the receiving chamber 30 to the transfer channel 24 (specifically, through the outlet 29).
[0081] More precisely, but not necessarily, (each operating unit 22 is configured such that, when the transfer moving part 23 is in the third position TP) in the third position TP, the input end 28 faces the output port 29.
[0082] Specifically, the third position TP is located between the first position FP and the second position SP.
[0083] According to some non-limiting embodiments, the third position TP is arranged below the first position FP (specifically, below the first position FP). In other words, the first position FP is arranged at a position higher (above) than the third position TP.
[0084] Alternatively or additionally, the second position SP is arranged below the third position TP (specifically, below the third position TP). In other words, the third position TP is arranged higher (above) than the second position SP.
[0085] Advantageously but not necessarily, each actuator 27 is configured to move the corresponding moving part 23 between the first position FP and the third position TP, and between the third position TP and the second position SP, in a direction transverse to (particularly, substantially perpendicular to) direction A (particularly, substantially vertical).
[0086] Advantageously but not necessarily, (each operating unit 22 is configured such that, when the transfer moving part 23 is in the third position TP) in the third position TP, powder materials CA and / or CB from the supply devices 10 and / or 11 (in particular, from the receiving chambers 12 and / or 14) do not enter the transfer channel 24.
[0087] Additionally or alternatively (similarly), (each operating unit 22 is configured such that, when the transfer moving part 23 is in the second position SP) in the second position SP, the first type of powder material CA and / or the third type of powder material from the supply device 10 and / or 30' (in particular, from the receiving chamber 12 and / or 30) does not enter the transfer channel 24.
[0088] Additionally or alternatively (similarly), (each operating unit 22 is configured such that, when the transfer moving part 23 is in the first position SP) in the first position SP, the second type of powder material CB and / or the third type of powder material from the supply device 11 and / or 30' (in particular, from the receiving chamber 14 and / or 30) does not enter the transfer channel 24.
[0089] According to some non-limiting embodiments (in particular see...), Figures 16 to 19 The supply assembly 9 includes at least an additional (in the present case, a fourth) supply device 10' (structurally and functionally similar to supply device 30'), which is arranged above the conveyor assembly 5 (and below supply device 30') and includes a corresponding receiving chamber 12' (similar to receiving chamber 30), which is configured to receive a fourth type of powder material (ceramic material not specifically depicted) and has an associated (fourth) output port 50 (similar to output port 29), the longitudinal extension of which is transverse to (in particular, perpendicular to) the direction of movement A (in particular, the longitudinal extension is substantially horizontal).
[0090] Specifically, the longitudinal extension of output port 50 is substantially parallel to the longitudinal extensions of output ports 13, 15 and 29.
[0091] According to some embodiments, the fourth type of powder material has a color different from that of powder materials CA and CB and the third type. This allows for the creation of specific color effects within the thickness of the ceramic article T. These color effects are visible, for example, at the edges of the ceramic article T. Alternatively or additionally, the fourth type of powder material is adapted (configured to) produce physical characteristics in the ceramic article T that differ from those of the third type of powder materials CA and CB.
[0092] Specifically, the powder material CP consists of one of four types of powder materials or (advantageously) all four types of powder materials. More precisely, the powder material CP includes a fourth type of powder material, a third type of powder material, and powder materials CA and CB (composed of the fourth type of powder material, the third type of powder material, and powder materials CA and CB).
[0093] The fourth output port 50 has a corresponding fourth channel region 51 (similar to channel region 31) arranged sequentially along the longitudinal extension of the fourth output port 50 itself.
[0094] Specifically, each fourth channel area 51 is arranged next to (more precisely, between, and in particular, associated with) the corresponding channel area 31, channel area 17, and corresponding channel area 16.
[0095] Specifically, the operating device 18 is configured to allow the fourth type of powder material to leave through the fourth channel region 51 (specifically, and / or prevent the fourth type of powder material from leaving through the fourth channel region 51); each operating unit 22 is arranged in the region of the corresponding fourth channel region 51 and is configured to regulate the passage of the fourth type of powder material through the corresponding fourth channel region 51. More specifically, each actuator 27 is configured to move the transfer moving member 23 at least to the fourth position FFP, in which the transfer channel 24 is connected to the receiving chamber 12' of the fourth supply device, such that the fourth type of powder material moves into the transfer channel 24 (specifically, through the fourth output port).
[0096] More precisely, but not necessarily, (each operating unit 22 is configured such that, when the transfer moving part 23 is in the fourth position FFP) in the fourth position FFP, the input 28 faces the fourth output port 50.
[0097] Advantageously but not necessarily, (each operating unit 22 is configured such that, when the transfer moving part 23 is in the fourth position FFP) in the fourth position FFP, the third type of powder material and / or CA and / or CB from the supply devices 30' and / or 10 and / or 11 (in particular, from the receiving chambers 30 and / or 12 and / or 14) does not enter the transfer channel 24.
[0098] According to some non-limiting embodiments, the fourth position FFP is arranged below the first position FP (specifically, below the first position FP). In other words, the first position FP is arranged at a position higher (above) than the fourth position FFP.
[0099] Alternatively or additionally, the fourth position FFP is arranged below the third position TP (specifically, below the third position TP). In other words, the third position TP is arranged higher (above) than the fourth position FFP.
[0100] Alternatively or additionally, the fourth position FFP is arranged below the second position SP (specifically, below the second position SP). In other words, the second position SP is arranged higher (above) than the fourth position FFP.
[0101] Advantageously, but not necessarily, each actuator 27 is configured to move the corresponding moving part 23 in a direction transverse to (particularly substantially perpendicular to) direction A (especially substantially vertically) between the first position FP and the fourth position FFP, between the third position TP and the fourth position FFP, and between the second position SP and the fourth position FFP.
[0102] Advantageously but not necessarily, the supply assembly 9 includes a transfer chamber 35, which is shaped to receive powder material CP received through the channel 24 from the supply device 10 (more precisely, from the receiving chamber 12) and from the supply device 11 (more precisely, from the receiving chamber 14) (in particular, also from the supply device 30'; more precisely, from the receiving chamber 30), and transfers the powder material CP in the area of the input station 6 to the conveyor assembly 5.
[0103] The transfer chamber 35 is arranged between the supply device 10 (more precisely, the receiving chamber 12) and the supply device 11 (more precisely, the receiving chamber 14) (in particular, the supply device 30'; more precisely, the receiving chamber 30) on one side and the conveyor assembly 5 on the other side; in particular, the transfer moving part 23 is mounted to slide along at least a portion of the transfer chamber 35.
[0104] The transfer chamber 35 has a first wall 36 (particularly transverse to the direction of movement A) and at least one second wall 37 (particularly transverse to the direction of movement A, particularly parallel to the wall 36), the second wall 37 facing the wall 36 and arranged upstream of the wall 36 relative to the direction of movement A.
[0105] The transfer chamber 35 has a loading section CT (particularly, substantially vertical), a discharge section DT, and a connecting section RT. The loading section CT is transverse (particularly substantially perpendicular to) the direction of movement A and is arranged below the receiving chambers 12 and 14 (particularly, also below the receiving chamber 30). The discharge section DT has a discharge opening DO, which is at least partially oriented in the direction of movement A to transfer powder material CP to the conveyor assembly 5. The connecting section RT is curved and is arranged between the loading chamber CT and the discharge section DT.
[0106] Experiments have shown that this specific structure causes deformation in the distribution of powder materials CA and CB as they move from the supply assembly 9 to the conveyor assembly 5. For example, refer to... Figure 11It can be observed how the powder material CA is tilted, thus forming a stain.
[0107] Advantageously, but not necessarily, each moving part 23 is configured to at least partially compensate for the different lengths covered by different portions of the powder material CP along the joint segment RT. Figures 12 to 14 ).
[0108] Specifically, each transfer moving part 23 has a rear sidewall 34' and a front sidewall 34" arranged consecutively in the moving direction A and laterally restricting the corresponding transfer channel 24 (the sidewall 34" is located downstream of the sidewall 34'). It should be noted that the sidewalls 34' and 34" are part of the protrusion 34.
[0109] According to some non-limiting embodiments, the moving part 23 also has an upper wall 34* that defines a corresponding transfer channel 24 at the top. The upper wall 34* is part of the protrusion 34.
[0110] According to some non-limiting implementations ( Figure 14 The sidewall 34” has a convex curvature toward the inside of the channel 24, which is greater than the curvature toward the inside of the sidewall 34’. In this way, the aforementioned deformation of the path of the powder material CP particles toward the sidewall 34” and the related distribution of the powder materials CA and CB is at least partially compensated.
[0111] Alternate or additional land ( Figure 12 and Figure 13 Input terminals 25 and 28 are at different heights. In particular, input terminal 28, which is arranged upstream of input terminal 25 relative to direction A, is at a higher height than input terminal 25. Similarly, in this case, the aforementioned deformation of the relevant distribution of powder materials CA and CB is at least partially compensated.
[0112] According to some non-limiting embodiments, device 1 includes a printing device 38. Figure 1 The printing apparatus 38 is adapted to produce graphic decorations on a layer of compacted ceramic powder KP conveyed by the conveyor assembly 5, and is arranged in an area of printing station 39 downstream of workstation 4 along a given path (particularly along a portion of PB). The control unit 20 is adapted to control the printing apparatus 38 to produce graphic decorations coordinated with the reference distribution 21, particularly to selectively reproduce graphic decorations with specific colors in areas of powder material CA (or CB).
[0113] Advantageously, but not necessarily, the apparatus 1 includes an additional application component 40 to at least partially cover the compacted powder KP layer with a layer of additional powder material. In particular, the application component 40 is arranged upstream of the workstation 4 (and upstream of the printing station 39) along a given path (more precisely, along part of PA).
[0114] Specifically, machine 1 also includes a cutting assembly 41 for laterally cutting layers of compacted ceramic powder KP to obtain slabs 42, each slab 42 having a portion of a layer of compacted ceramic powder KP. More specifically, the cutting assembly 41 is arranged along a portion PB of a given path (between workstation 4 and printing station 39). The slabs 42 comprise compacted ceramic powder KP (composed of compacted ceramic powder KP).
[0115] Advantageously, but not necessarily, the cutting assembly 41 includes at least one cutting blade 43 adapted to contact a layer of compacted ceramic powder KP to cut it laterally.
[0116] According to some non-limiting embodiments, the cutting assembly 41 further includes at least two additional blades 44 arranged on opposite sides of the portion PB and adapted to cut layers of compacted ceramic powder KP and define lateral edges of the blank 42 (and substantially parallel to direction A)—optionally subdividing the blank into two or more longitudinal portions. In some specific cases, the cutting assembly 41 is identical to the cutting assembly described in patent application publication number EP1415780.
[0117] Specifically, the apparatus 1 includes at least one firing kiln 45 for sintering a layer of compacted powder KP for sintering slabs 42 to obtain ceramic articles T. More specifically, the firing kiln 45 is arranged downstream of the printing station 39 (and upstream of the output station 7) along a given path (more precisely, along part of PB).
[0118] According to some non-limiting embodiments, the device 1 also includes a dryer 46, which is arranged downstream of the workstation 4 and upstream of the printing station 39 along a portion of PB.
[0119] According to some non-limiting embodiments, the conveyor assembly 5 includes a conveyor belt 47 that extends from the input station 6 and through the work station 4 along the aforementioned given path (more precisely, a portion of the aforementioned given path) (and is adapted to move from the input station 6 and through the work station 4).
[0120] In some cases, the supply assembly 9 is adapted to move the layer of (uncompacted) powder material CP to the conveyor belt 47 (on the conveyor belt 47) (in the area of the input station 6); the compaction device 3 is adapted to apply pressure on the layer of ceramic powder CP transverse to (especially perpendicular to) the surface of the conveyor belt 47.
[0121] According to some non-limiting embodiments, a series of conveying rollers are arranged downstream of belt 47.
[0122] According to some embodiments, in particular, the compaction device 3 includes at least two pressure rollers 48 arranged on opposite sides of the conveyor belt 47 (one above the other) for applying pressure to the powder material CP to compact the powder material CP itself (and obtain a layer of compacted powder KP).
[0123] Despite Figure 1 Only two rollers 48 are depicted in the paper, but according to some variations, multiple rollers 48 arranged above and below the conveyor belt 47 may also be provided, for example, as described in patent EP1641607B1, from which further details of the compaction device 3 can be inferred.
[0124] Advantageous (e.g.) Figure 1 (As depicted, but not necessarily, the compaction device 3 includes a pressure belt 49 that converges toward the conveyor belt 47 in the direction of movement A. Thus, a gradually increasing pressure (from top to bottom) in direction A is applied to the powder material CP to compact it.)
[0125] According to the specific implementation method (e.g.) Figure 1 In the depicted embodiment, the compaction device also includes an opposing belt 49', which is arranged opposite the pressure belt 49 on the opposite side of the conveyor belt 47 to cooperate with the conveyor belt 47 to provide a suitable response to the downward force applied by the pressure belt 49. In particular, the pressure belt 49 and the opposing belt 49' (primarily) are made of metal (steel) so that they do not deform substantially when pressure is applied to the ceramic powder.
[0126] According to some embodiments not depicted, the opposing belt 49' is the same as the conveyor belt 47. In these cases, belt 47 is (mainly) made of metal (steel), and the opposing belt 49' is not present.
[0127] Favorably but not necessarily (especially referring to) Figures 16 to 19 The operating device 18 includes a protection system for the operating unit 22 (particularly the operating lever 33); in particular, the protection system is adapted to reduce (particularly prevent) the risk of contact between the operating lever 33 (and the upper part of the moving part 23; more precisely, but not necessarily, the upper part 34*) and powder materials (e.g., CA and / or CB).
[0128] This improves the operation of each operating unit 22, reduces the force required to move (most importantly, upward) the moving part 23, and reduces wear on each part.
[0129] More specifically, the protection system includes two walls 52 arranged transversely to direction A (particularly substantially vertically) on opposite sides of the operating lever 33 in direction A. In other words, the walls 52 define sliding channels (particularly transversely to direction A; more specifically, substantially vertically) for the operating lever 33 and (partially) for the moving part 23 (particularly for the upper wall 34*).
[0130] Advantageously but not necessarily, wall 52 and upper wall 34* have such that at either position FP and SP (and optionally at TP; and optionally at FFP) of the moving member 23, at least a portion of the upper wall extends within the channel defined by wall 52.
[0131] Several advantages can be obtained relative to the current state of the art using the apparatus and method according to the invention. These advantages include: reduced cost and complexity; reproducible and precise distribution of even more than two types of powder; reproducible generation of textures of different materials (e.g., textures of different colors—even more than two colors—within the thickness of the article); and generation of textures obtained within the thickness of the article in a location that coordinates with the surface decoration obtained by printing (and is therefore visible in the edges of the article).
[0132] In particular, relative to patent application WO2018 / 163124, it should be noted that, according to the present invention, the number of actuators can also be halved, thereby saving money, achieving technical simplification (also in terms of the management of related movements) and making miniaturization possible (therefore having higher precision and clarity in the manufacture of a specific distribution form of powder material CA in powder material CB).
[0133] Unless otherwise stated, the contents of all references (articles, books, patent applications, etc.) cited in this document are reviewed in full. In particular, the aforementioned references are incorporated herein by reference.
Claims
1. A compaction machine (2) for compacting powder materials (CP), said powder materials (CP) comprising ceramic powder; The compaction machine (2) includes: A compaction device (3), which is arranged in the area of the workstation (4) and configured to compact the powder material (CP) to obtain a layer of compacted powder (KP); a conveyor assembly (5) for conveying the powder material (CP) from the input station (6) to the workstation (4) along a first portion (PA) of a given path in the direction of movement (A), and conveying the layer of compacted powder (KP) from the workstation (4) to the output station (7) along a second portion (PB) of the given path; and a supply assembly (9) configured to supply the powder material (CP) to the conveyor assembly (5) in the area of the input station (6); The supply assembly (9) includes a first supply device (10) disposed above the conveyor assembly (5) and at least one second supply device (11); the first supply device (10) includes at least one corresponding first receiving chamber (12), the first receiving chamber (12) being configured to receive a first type of powder material (CA) and having at least one associated first outlet (13), the longitudinal extension of the first outlet (13) being transverse to the direction of movement (A); the second supply device (11) includes at least one corresponding second receiving chamber (14), the second receiving chamber (14) being configured to receive a second type of powder material (CB) and having an associated second outlet (15), the longitudinal extension of the second outlet (15) being transverse to the direction of movement (A); The first output port (13) has corresponding first channel regions (16) arranged sequentially along the longitudinal extension of the first output port (13); the second output port (15) has corresponding second channel regions (17) arranged sequentially along the longitudinal extension of the second output port (15); the supply assembly (9) further includes an operating device (18) configured to allow the powder material (CA; CB) to leave through the first channel region (16) and the second channel region (17) and / or prevent the powder material (CA; CB) from leaving through the first channel region (16) and the second channel region (17), and includes a plurality of operating units (22), each operating unit arranged in the region of the corresponding first channel region (16) and the corresponding second channel region (17), and configured to regulate the passage of the powder material (CA; CB) through the corresponding first channel region (16) and the corresponding second channel region (17); The compaction machine (2) is characterized in that each operating unit (22) includes: a corresponding transfer moving part (23) having a transfer channel (24) having at least one input end (25; 28) and at least one output end (26) disposed below the input end (25; 28); and a corresponding actuator (27) for moving the transfer moving part (23) to a first position (FP) and at least to a second position (SP), in the first position (FP), the transfer channel (24) being connected to the first receiving chamber (12) such that the first type of powder material (CA) moves from the first receiving chamber (12) to the transfer channel (24), and in the second position (SP), the transfer channel (24) being connected to the second receiving chamber (14) such that the second type of powder material (CB) moves from the second receiving chamber (14) to the transfer channel (24); the second position (SP) is arranged below the first position (FP); In the first position (FP), the input terminal (25; 28) faces the first output port (13), and in the second position (SP), the input terminal (25; 28) faces the second output port (15).
2. The compaction machine according to claim 1, wherein, Each transfer channel (24) has at least one additional input (28); in the first position, the additional input (28) is connected to the first receiving chamber (12) such that the first type of powder material (CA) moves from the first receiving chamber (12) to the transfer channel (24).
3. The compaction machine according to claim 2, wherein, In the second position, the additional input (28) faces the additional second output (15') of the additional receiving chamber (14') of the second supply device (11).
4. The compaction machine according to claim 3, wherein, The input terminal (25) and the other input terminal (28) are arranged at least partially on opposite sides of the respective transmission moving parts (23).
5. The compaction machine according to claim 1, wherein, The transfer moving parts (23) are arranged in succession transversely to the moving direction (A), such that each transfer moving part (23) is in contact with one or more adjacent transfer moving parts (23).
6. The compaction machine according to claim 1, wherein, The transfer moving parts (23) are arranged in succession along the first output port (13) and the second output port (15) in the transverse direction (A), such that each transfer moving part (23) is in contact with one or more adjacent transfer moving parts (23).
7. The compaction machine according to claim 1, wherein, Each actuator (27) is configured to move a corresponding transfer moving part (23) to an intermediate position (IP) between the first position and the second position, and in the intermediate position, a corresponding transfer channel (24) is connected to the first receiving chamber (12) to move the first type of powder material (CA) from the first receiving chamber (12) to the transfer channel (24), and connected to the second receiving chamber (14) to move the second type of powder material (CB) from the second receiving chamber (14) to the transfer channel (24).
8. The compaction machine according to claim 1, wherein, The supply assembly (9) includes at least one third supply device (30') disposed above the conveyor assembly (5); the third supply device (30') includes a corresponding third receiving chamber (30), the third receiving chamber (30) being configured to receive a third type of powder material and having an associated third outlet (29), the longitudinal extension of the third outlet (29) being transverse to the direction of movement (A); The third output port (29) has corresponding third channel areas (31) arranged in succession along the longitudinal extension of the third output port (29); The operating device (18) is configured to allow the third type of powder material (CC) to leave through the third channel region (31) and / or prevent the third type of powder material (CC) from leaving through the third channel region (31); Each operating unit (22) is arranged in the region of the corresponding third channel region (31) and is configured to regulate the passage of the third type of powder material (CC) through the corresponding third channel region (31); Each actuator (27) is configured to move the transfer moving part (23) to at least a third position (TP), in which the transfer channel (24) is connected to the third receiving chamber (30) such that the third type of powder material (CC) moves from the third receiving chamber (30) through the third output port (29) to the transfer channel (24).
9. The compaction machine according to claim 8, wherein, In the third position (TP), the input terminal (25) faces the third output port (29).
10. The compaction machine according to claim 1, wherein, The output terminal (26) faces downwards.
11. The compaction machine according to claim 1, wherein, Each transfer moving component (23) includes a corresponding base wall (32) that partially defines the transfer channel (24) and is transverse to the longitudinal extension direction of the first output port (13) and transverse to the longitudinal extension direction of the second output port (15).
12. The compaction machine according to claim 11, wherein, The transfer moving parts (23) are arranged sequentially along the first output port (13) and the second output port (15) transverse to the moving direction (A), such that each transfer moving part (23) is in contact with one or more adjacent transfer moving parts (23); each transfer moving part (23) has no wall opposite to the base wall (32); at least one of the transfer channels (24) is defined on the opposite side of the corresponding base wall (32) by the base wall (32) of the adjacent moving part (23).
13. The compaction machine according to claim 12, wherein, Each actuator (27) is configured to move the corresponding transmission moving part (23) so that the corresponding transmission moving part (23) slides in contact with one or more adjacent transmission moving parts (23).
14. The compaction machine according to claim 1, wherein, Each operating unit includes a corresponding operating lever, which is integrated with a corresponding transmission moving part and connected to a corresponding actuator to transmit motion from the actuator to the transmission moving part.
15. The compaction machine according to claim 14, wherein, The actuator includes a pneumatically operated component or an electric motor.
16. The compaction machine according to claim 1, comprising a control unit (20) configured to store (21) a reference distribution (21) of the first type of powder material (CA) and the second type of powder material (CB) to be obtained in the powder material (CP) transported by the conveyor assembly, and to control the operating device (18) according to the reference distribution (21).
17. The compaction machine according to claim 16, wherein, The compaction machine (2) also includes a detection device (19) for detecting the length of the length of the conveyor assembly (5) transporting the powder material (CP) along the given path; the control unit (20) is configured to control the operating device (18) based on the data detected by the detection device (19) and the reference distribution (21).
18. The compaction machine according to claim 16, comprising a printing device (38) configured to produce graphic decoration on a layer of compacted powder (KP) conveyed by the conveyor assembly (5) and arranged in an area of a printing station (39) downstream of the workstation (4) along the given path; the control unit (20) configured to control the printing device (38) to produce graphic decoration coordinated with the reference distribution (21).
19. The compaction machine according to claim 1, wherein, The supply assembly (9) includes a transfer chamber (35) shaped to receive powder material (CP) received from the first supply device (10) and the second supply device (11) via the transfer channel (24) and to transfer the powder material (CP) in the area of the input station (6) to the conveyor assembly (5); the transfer chamber (35) is arranged between the first supply device (10) and the second supply device (11) on one side and the conveyor assembly (5) on the other side.
20. The compaction machine according to claim 19, wherein, The transfer chamber (35) has a first wall (36) and at least one second wall (37), the second wall (37) facing the first wall (36) and arranged upstream of the first wall (36) relative to the direction of movement (A); The transfer chamber (35) has a loading section (CT), a discharge section (DT), and a connecting section (RT). The loading section (CT) is transverse to the direction of movement (A) and is arranged below the first receiving chamber (12) and the second receiving chamber (14). The discharge section (DT) has a discharge opening (DO) that is at least partially oriented in the direction of movement (A) to transfer the powder material (CP) onto the conveyor assembly (5). The connecting section (RT) is curved and is arranged between the loading section (CT) and the discharge section (DT). Each transfer moving component (23) is configured to at least partially compensate for the different lengths of the powder material (CP) covered along the joint section (RT).
21. The compaction machine according to claim 1, wherein, Each operating unit (22) includes an actuator (27) and a corresponding operating lever (33), the operating lever being integral with and connected to the corresponding moving part (23) to transmit motion from the actuator (27) to the moving part (23); the operating device (18) includes a protection system for the operating unit (22), the protection system having two protective walls (52) and adapted to reduce the risk of the operating lever (33) coming into contact with the powder material.
22. The compaction machine according to claim 1, wherein, The second position (SP) is located below the first position (FP).
23. The compaction machine according to claim 1, wherein, The longitudinal extension of the first output port (13) is perpendicular to the moving direction (A); the longitudinal extension of the second output port (15) is perpendicular to the moving direction (A).
24. An apparatus for manufacturing ceramic articles (T); the apparatus (1) comprising a compaction machine (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 23; a cutting assembly (41) for transversely cutting layers of the compacted powder (KP) to obtain slabs (42), each slab (42) having a portion of the compacted powder (KP) layer; and at least one firing kiln (45) for sintering the compacted powder (KP) layer of the slabs (42) to obtain the ceramic articles (T).
25. The device according to claim 24, wherein, The firing kiln (45) is arranged downstream of the printing station (39) of the equipment along the given path.