Soil sensor

Abstract

A soil sensor includes a pedestal (110), a first detection portion (120), a second detection portion (130), and a circuit portion (170). A first signal line (121) of the first detection portion is a wiring pattern in which a wiring pattern projected onto a setting surface (111, 113) of the pedestal is annular. A first GND line (122) of the first detection portion is disposed apart from the first signal line by a gap, and a wiring pattern of the first GND line of the first detection portion projected onto the setting surface of the pedestal is disposed in an area surrounded by the wiring pattern of the first signal line projected onto the setting surface. The second detection portion is disposed in an area surrounded by the wiring pattern of the first GND line projected onto the setting surface of the pedestal.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-018325 and No. 2021-018324 filed on February 8, 2021, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-132203 and No. 2021-132202 filed on August 16, 2021, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to soil sensors. Background Technology

[0004] Previously, for example, Patent Document 1 proposed a device for suppressing the measurement of soil moisture. Specifically, the device includes a return transmission line and a circuit section.

[0005] The turnaround transmission line has a first straight section and a second straight section arranged in parallel, a turnaround section that integrates one end of each straight section, and a straight conductor arranged between and parallel to each straight section.

[0006] The circuitry unit supplies a frequency signal of a specified frequency to the return transmission line and obtains the dielectric constant of the soil based on the frequency signal obtained from the return transmission line. Additionally, the circuitry unit uses the dielectric constant information to determine the soil moisture content.

[0007] Existing technical documents

[0008] Patent documents

[0009] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-156263 Summary of the Invention

[0010] In addition to the aforementioned conventional techniques, an apparatus for measuring soil water potential is also known. However, while each apparatus can measure either water content or water potential, it is difficult to measure both water content and water potential simultaneously.

[0011] Therefore, it is considered to integrate the device for measuring moisture content and the device for measuring water potential. In this case, the detection unit for measuring moisture content and the detection unit for measuring water potential are arranged close together, so that the measurement locations are at the same point. The reason for this is that in soil, even if the locations are only slightly separated, the soil condition can sometimes be significantly different.

[0012] However, if the various detection units are arranged close together, unwanted electrostatic capacitance may be generated. Therefore, one detection unit may affect another. This possibility is not limited to the integration of a device for measuring moisture content and a device for measuring water potential; it can occur when at least two physical quantities are measured. For example, in the case of integrating a device for measuring conductivity and a device for measuring water potential, one detection unit may also affect the other.

[0013] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a soil sensor capable of suppressing the mutual influence of at least two detection units.

[0014] According to the first aspect of this disclosure, the soil sensor includes a base, a first detection unit, a second detection unit, and a circuit unit.

[0015] The platform has a mounting surface. A first detection unit has a first signal line and a first GND line disposed on the platform. A second detection unit has a second signal line, a second GND line, and a ceramic disposed on the mounting surface of the platform. In the second detection unit, one end of the second signal line is an electrode for the ceramic, and one end of the second GND line is an electrode for the ceramic.

[0016] The circuitry unit inputs a frequency signal between one end of the first signal line and one end of the first GND line, and obtains the water content based on the propagation time of the frequency signal to the other end of the first signal line, corresponding to the water content contained in the soil of the mounting platform. The circuitry unit measures the water potential of the soil based on the electrostatic capacitance between one end of the second signal line and one end of the second GND line, which changes due to the water in the soil entering the ceramic.

[0017] The first signal line has a loop-shaped wiring pattern projected onto the mounting surface of the pedestal. The first GND line is arranged at intervals relative to the first signal line, and the wiring pattern of the first GND line projected onto the mounting surface of the pedestal is arranged in the area surrounded by the wiring pattern of the first signal line projected onto the mounting surface.

[0018] The second detection unit is located in the area surrounded by the wiring pattern of the first GND line projected onto the mounting surface of the pedestal.

[0019] Accordingly, the second detection unit is configured to avoid the region of the electric field extended by the first signal line and the first GND line of the first detection unit. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the mutual influence between the first detection unit used to measure soil moisture content and the second detection unit used to measure soil water potential.

[0020] According to the second aspect of this disclosure, the soil sensor includes a base, a first detection unit, a second detection unit, and a circuit unit.

[0021] The platform has a mounting surface. A first detection unit has a first signal line and a first GND line disposed on the platform. A second detection unit has a second signal line, a second GND line, and a ceramic disposed on the mounting surface of the platform. In the second detection unit, one end of the second signal line is an electrode for the ceramic, and one end of the second GND line is an electrode for the ceramic.

[0022] The circuitry inputs a frequency signal between one end of the first signal line and one end of the first GND line, and obtains the electrical conductivity of the soil on which the mounting platform is placed based on the magnitude of the rising slope of the frequency signal reaching the other end of the first signal line. The circuitry measures the water potential of the soil based on the electrostatic capacitance between one end of the second signal line and one end of the second GND line, which changes due to the water contained in the soil entering the ceramic.

[0023] The first signal line has a loop-shaped wiring pattern projected onto the mounting surface of the pedestal. The first GND line is arranged at intervals relative to the first signal line, and the wiring pattern of the first GND line projected onto the mounting surface of the pedestal is arranged in the area surrounded by the wiring pattern of the first signal line projected onto the mounting surface.

[0024] The second detection unit is located in the area surrounded by the wiring pattern of the first GND line projected onto the mounting surface of the pedestal.

[0025] Accordingly, the second detection unit is configured to avoid the region of the electric field extended by the first signal line and the first GND line of the first detection unit. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the mutual influence between the first detection unit used to measure the electrical conductivity of the soil and the second detection unit used to measure the water potential of the soil. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of this disclosure will become even more apparent from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a top view of the soil sensor according to the first embodiment;

[0028] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Sectional view II-II;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the installation of soil sensors in the soil;

[0030] Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the situation of rain when the soil sensor's pedestal and circuitry are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the direction of gravity.

[0031] Figure 5This diagram illustrates the rain situation when the soil sensor's pedestal and circuitry are arranged along the direction of gravity.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a diagram used to illustrate the method for determining moisture content;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a top view of the soil sensor according to the second embodiment;

[0034] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Sectional view of VIII-VIII;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a top view of the soil sensor according to the third embodiment;

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the expansion of the electric field when the wiring pattern density is low;

[0037] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the expansion of the electric field when the wiring pattern density is high;

[0038] Figure 12 This is a top view of the soil sensor according to the fourth embodiment;

[0039] Figure 13 This is a top view of the soil sensor according to the fifth embodiment;

[0040] Figure 14 This is a top view of the soil sensor according to the sixth embodiment;

[0041] Figure 15 This is a top view of the soil sensor according to the seventh embodiment;

[0042] Figure 16 This is a top view showing a modified example of the soil sensor according to the seventh embodiment;

[0043] Figure 17 This is a top view of the soil sensor according to the eighth embodiment;

[0044] Figure 18 yes Figure 17 A side view of the soil sensor shown;

[0045] Figure 19 This is a top view showing a modified example of the soil sensor according to the eighth embodiment;

[0046] Figure 20 yes Figure 19 A side view of the soil sensor shown;

[0047] Figure 21This is a top view showing a modified example of the soil sensor according to the eighth embodiment;

[0048] Figure 22 This is a top view showing a modified example of the soil sensor according to the eighth embodiment;

[0049] Figure 23 This is a perspective view of the soil sensor according to the ninth embodiment;

[0050] Figure 24 This is a cross-sectional view of the soil sensor according to the tenth embodiment;

[0051] Figure 25 This is a cross-sectional view of the soil sensor according to the eleventh embodiment;

[0052] Figure 26 This is a cross-sectional view of the soil sensor according to the twelfth embodiment;

[0053] Figure 27 This is a cross-sectional view of the soil sensor according to the thirteenth embodiment;

[0054] Figure 28 This is a cross-sectional view of the soil sensor according to the fourteenth embodiment;

[0055] Figure 29 This is a cross-sectional view of the soil sensor according to the fifteenth embodiment;

[0056] Figure 30 This is a cross-sectional view of the soil sensor according to the sixteenth embodiment;

[0057] Figure 31 This is a cross-sectional view of the soil sensor according to the seventeenth embodiment;

[0058] Figure 32 This is a cross-sectional view of the soil sensor according to the eighteenth embodiment;

[0059] Figure 33 This is a cross-sectional view of the soil sensor according to the nineteenth embodiment;

[0060] Figure 34 This is a top view of the soil sensor according to the twentieth embodiment;

[0061] Figure 35 yes Figure 34 XXXV-XXXV sectional view. Detailed Implementation

[0062] Hereinafter, various methods for implementing this disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. For portions of each embodiment corresponding to those described in the preceding embodiments, the same reference numerals are sometimes used, and repeated descriptions are omitted. In each embodiment, where only a portion of the structure is described, other embodiments described above can be applied to the remaining portions of the structure. Not only can the portions specifically shown to be combinable in each embodiment be combined with each other, but embodiments can also be partially combined with each other, even if not explicitly stated, as long as the combination does not particularly impede it.

[0063] <First Implementation Method>

[0064] Hereinafter, the first embodiment will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The soil sensor of this embodiment is a sensor that detects physical quantities related to soil. Soil is a soil platform used for cultivating crops and includes soil, sand, clay, etc.

[0065] like Figure 1 As shown, the soil sensor 100 includes a base 110, a first detection unit 120, a second detection unit 130, a third detection unit 140, a fourth detection unit 150, a fifth detection unit 160, and a circuit unit 170.

[0066] The mounting base 110 is a component that houses the various detection sections 120 to 160. The mounting base 110 is, for example, a printed circuit board having one side 111. The mounting base 110 may also be a flexible substrate. The mounting base 110 is, for example, rectangular. Regarding the mounting base 110, for example, one end is formed into an arc shape. The other end of the mounting base 110 is integrated with the circuit section 170. Alternatively, the other end of the mounting base 110 is housed within the circuit section 170. If the direction in which the mounting base 110 and the circuit section 170 are arranged is defined as the configuration direction, then the mounting base 110 has a shape along the configuration direction.

[0067] The first detection unit 120 is a device for measuring the water content and electrical conductivity of soil. Water content is the proportion of water contained in the soil. In other words, water content is the volume percentage of water contained in the soil. Water content is expressed, for example, in % (percentage). Electrical conductivity is a physical quantity corresponding to the salt concentration of the soil.

[0068] The first detection unit 120 has a first signal line 121 and a first GND line 122. The first signal line 121 and the first GND line 122 are disposed on one side 111 of the base 110. The first signal line 121 and the first GND line 122 are metal wiring such as Cu.

[0069] The first signal line 121 is a wiring pattern disposed on the outer edge of one side 111 of the pedestal 110. The first signal line 121 is arranged along the outline of one side 111 of the pedestal 110 such that one end 121A and the other end 121B are located on the other side of one side 111 of the pedestal 110.

[0070] Specifically, the first signal line 121 is a loop-shaped wiring pattern projected onto one side 111 of the pedestal 110. In this embodiment, since the first signal line 121 is disposed on one side 111 of the pedestal 110, the wiring pattern of the first signal line 121 projected onto one side 111 of the pedestal 110 and the actual wiring pattern of the first signal line 121 can be considered the same. The wiring pattern of the first signal line 121 projected onto one side 111 of the pedestal 110 has a first straight section 121C, a second straight section 121D, and a connecting section 121E. The second straight section 121D is arranged side by side with the first straight section 121C. In this embodiment, the first straight section 121C and the second straight section 121D are arranged in parallel. Furthermore, the second straight section 121D can not only be arranged parallel to the first straight section 121C, but can also be slightly inclined relative to the first straight section 121C. The side of the first straight section 121C opposite to the side of the connecting section 121E corresponds to one end 121A of the first signal line 121. The side of the second straight section 121D opposite to the side of the connecting section 121E corresponds to the other end 121B of the first signal line 121. The connecting section 121E is configured in an arc shape to match the shape of one end of the base 110. One end 121A and the other end 121B of the first signal line 121 are electrically connected to the circuit section 170.

[0071] The first GND line 122 is a wiring pattern disposed inside the first signal line 121 on one side 111 of the pedestal 110. That is, the wiring pattern of the first GND line 122 projected onto one side 111 of the pedestal 110 is disposed within the area surrounded by the first signal line 121 projected onto one side 111 of the pedestal 110. The surrounded area refers to the area enclosed by an imaginary line connecting the portion of the first signal line 121 corresponding to one end 121A and the portion corresponding to the other end 121B on one side 111 of the pedestal 110. In this embodiment, because the first GND line 122 is disposed on one side 111 of the pedestal 110, the wiring pattern of the first GND line 122 projected onto one side 111 of the pedestal 110 and the actual wiring pattern of the first GND line 122 can be considered the same. The first GND line 122 is disposed with a first interval between it and the first signal line 121.

[0072] The first GND line 122 is arranged in a loop along the first signal line 121 with one end 122A and the other end 122B located on the other side of one side 111 of the base 110. That is, the first GND line 122 has the same wiring pattern as the first signal line 121. The first spacing does not need to be a constant value at all positions in the first signal line 121 and the first GND line 122. One end 122A and the other end 122B of the first GND line 122 are electrically connected to the circuit section 170.

[0073] like Figure 2 As shown, the first signal line 121 and the first GND line 122 are covered by an insulating film 112. The insulating film 112 is a protective film used to protect the first signal line 121 and the first GND line 122 from corrosion. Furthermore, in Figure 1 The insulating film 112 is omitted in the text.

[0074] The second detection unit 130 is a device for measuring the water potential of the soil. Water potential is a physical quantity corresponding to the pressure of the water contained in the soil. Water potential is expressed, for example, in Pa. The second detection unit 130 is disposed inside the first GND line 122. That is, the second detection unit 130 is disposed in the area surrounded by the wiring pattern of the first GND line 122 projected onto one side 111 of the pedestal 110.

[0075] like Figure 1 As shown, the second detection unit 130 includes a second signal line 131, a second GND line 132, and a ceramic element 133. The second signal line 131 and the second GND line 132 are disposed on one side 111 of the base 110. The second signal line 131 and the second GND line 132 are metal wiring such as Cu.

[0076] The second signal line 131 and the second GND line 132 are a wiring pattern arranged in a straight line from one end of one side of the base 110 to the other end of one side of the base 110. Specifically, in the second signal line 131, one end 131A is located on one end of one side of the base 110, and the other end 131B is located on the other end of one side of the base 110. Similarly, in the second GND line 132, one end 132A is located on one end of one side of the base 110, and the other end 132B is located on the other end of one side of the base 110. One end 131A of the second signal line 131 is an electrode of the ceramic 133.

[0077] One end 132A of the second GND line 132 is a pattern that is arranged and surrounds one end 131A of the second signal line 131, spaced apart by a second interval. For example, one end 131A of the second signal line 131 is a loop-shaped wiring pattern. Alternatively, one end 132A of the second GND line 132 is a loop-shaped pattern that surrounds one end 131A of the second signal line 131 in a manner that does not contact one end 132A of the second GND line 132. Figure 2 As shown, the second signal line 131 and the second GND line 132 are covered by an insulating film 112. One end 132A of the second GND line 132 is directed to the other electrode of the ceramic 133.

[0078] The ceramic 133 is disposed above one end 131A of the second signal line 131 and one end 132A of the second GND line 132. Specifically, the ceramic 133 is disposed on the insulating film 112 and is located above one end 131A of the second signal line 131 and one end 132A of the second GND line 132.

[0079] The ceramic 133 can be made of, for example, cordierite or alumina. Cordierite has a dielectric constant of 4, and alumina has a dielectric constant of 9.6. The ceramic 133 is cylindrical in shape to match the wiring pattern of one end 131A of the second signal line 131 and one end 132A of the second GND line 132. Alternatively, for example, if the wiring pattern of one end 131A of the second signal line 131 and one end 132A of the second GND line 132 is a quadrilateral ring, the ceramic 133 is rectangular in shape.

[0080] like Figure 1 As shown, the third detection unit 140 is a device for measuring the temperature of the soil. The third detection unit 140 is disposed in one side 111 of the base 110, inside the first GND line 122 projected onto the side 111, and in the area where the second detection unit 130 is not disposed.

[0081] The third detection unit 140 includes a third signal line 141, a third GND line 142, and a thermistor 143. The third signal line 141 and the third GND line 142 are made of metal such as Cu. The third signal line 141 and the third GND line 142 are covered by an insulating film 112 and are electrically connected to the circuit unit 170.

[0082] The third signal line 141 and the third GND line 142 are a wiring pattern arranged in a straight line from one end of one side 111 of the pedestal 110 to one end of the other side 111 of the pedestal 110. The third GND line 142 is disposed next to the first GND line 122. The third signal line 141 is disposed on the side of the third GND line 142 opposite to the side of the first GND line 122. That is, the third signal line 141 is disposed between the third GND line 142 and the second signal line 131.

[0083] Thermistor 143 is an element used to detect the temperature of the soil. Thermistor 143 is disposed on insulating film 112. Thermistor 143 is electrically connected to third signal line 141 and third GND line 142 via an opening (not shown) formed in insulating film 112. Alternatively, a thermocouple may be used as the temperature sensing element.

[0084] The fourth detection unit 150 is a device for detecting the pH of soil. The fourth detection unit 150 is disposed on one side 111 of the base 110, inside the first GND line 122 projected onto the side 111, and in the area where the second detection unit 130 and the third detection unit 140 are not disposed.

[0085] The fourth detection unit 150 includes a fourth signal line 151, a fourth GND line 152, and a pair of electrodes (not shown). The fourth signal line 151 and the fourth GND line 152 are made of metal such as Cu. The fourth signal line 151 and the fourth GND line 152 are covered by an insulating film 112 and are electrically connected to the circuit unit 170.

[0086] The fourth signal line 151 and the fourth GND line 152 are a wiring pattern arranged in a straight line from one end of one side of the base 110 to one end of the same side. The fourth GND line 152 is located on the side of the second GND line 132 opposite to the side of the second signal line 131. The fourth signal line 151 is located on the side of the fourth GND line 152 opposite to the side of the second GND line 132. That is, the fourth GND line 152 is located between the second GND line 132 and the fourth signal line 151.

[0087] The fourth detection unit 150 detects the potential difference between a pair of electrodes associated with the situation where water contained in the soil adheres to one of the electrodes. The pair of electrodes is, for example, an ISFET electrode and a comparator electrode.

[0088] The fifth detection unit 160 is a device used to detect the redox potential of soil. Redox potential (ORP) is a physical quantity that represents the degree of redox activity in soil. It is sometimes also expressed as Eh. A positive redox potential indicates the presence of oxygen in the soil, meaning the soil is in an oxidized state. A negative redox potential indicates the absence of oxygen in the soil, meaning the soil is in a reduced state.

[0089] Furthermore, for example, paddy fields promote reduction through water retention, and the decomposition of organic matter further promotes reduction by consuming oxygen. Soil reduction disinfection, by injecting organic matter such as rice bran, wheat bran, or syrup into the soil as reducing materials, can create an oxygen-free environment in the soil and eliminate pests and diseases. An oxygen-free state in the soil refers to a state of anoxic deficiency, reduction, and a negative redox potential.

[0090] The fifth detection unit 160 is disposed on one side 111 of the base 110, inside the first GND line 122 projected onto the side 111, and is disposed in the area where the second detection unit 130, the third detection unit 140 and the fourth detection unit 150 are not disposed.

[0091] The fifth detection unit 160 has a fifth signal line 161, a fifth GND line 162, and a pair of electrodes (not shown). The fifth signal line 161 and the fifth GND line 162 are made of metal such as Cu. The fifth signal line 161 and the fifth GND line 162 are covered by an insulating film 112 and are electrically connected to the circuit unit 170.

[0092] The fifth signal line 161 and the fifth GND line 162 are a wiring pattern arranged in a straight line from one end of one side 111 of the pedestal 110 to one end of the other side 111 of the pedestal 110. The fifth GND line 162 is located next to the first GND line 122. The fifth signal line 161 is located between the fifth GND line 162 and the fourth signal line 151.

[0093] The fifth detection unit 160 has a detection electrode and a reference electrode as a pair of electrodes. The fifth detection unit 160 detects the potential difference between the detection electrode and the reference electrode in relation to the situation where water contained in the soil adheres to the detection electrode.

[0094] Based on the detection results from each detection unit 120 to 160, the circuit unit 170 acquires the soil moisture content, soil water potential, soil electrical conductivity, soil temperature, soil pH, and soil redox potential.

[0095] The circuit section 170 includes electronic devices such as a microcomputer or IC for controlling each detection section 120 to 160. The electronic devices are mounted on a dedicated printed circuit board of the circuit section 170. Alternatively, the electronic devices can be mounted on the other end of the pedestal 110. That is, the pedestal 110 can also be part of the circuit section 170.

[0096] The above describes the overall structure of the soil sensor 100 according to this embodiment. Furthermore, the non-sensing parts of the base 110 can also be covered by a coating film. This protects the parts covered by the coating film, or inhibits corrosion of the metal parts.

[0097] like Figure 3 As shown, the soil sensor 100 is disposed in a hole 210 provided in the soil 200. Furthermore, the soil sensor 100 is buried in the soil 200. The soil sensor 100 has a wiring 180 connected to the circuit section 170. The soil sensor 100 receives power supply or outputs detection signals via the wiring 180.

[0098] Furthermore, the soil sensor 100 is configured with its orientation perpendicular to the direction of gravity. That is, the base 110 and the circuit section 170 are configured along a direction perpendicular to the direction of gravity. Alternatively, the orientation can be configured not to be strictly perpendicular to the direction of gravity. The orientation of the soil sensor 100 relative to the direction of gravity can be lateral.

[0099] Therefore, in rainy conditions, such as Figure 4 As shown, rain is easily guided to the pedestal 110 of the soil sensor 100. In contrast, as... Figure 5 As shown, when the soil sensor 100 is configured along the direction of gravity, that is, when the soil sensor 100 is configured longitudinally relative to the direction of gravity, the rain stops moving due to the circuit section 170.

[0100] Next, the methods for obtaining the water content, electrical conductivity, water potential, temperature, pH, and redox potential of soil 200 will be explained.

[0101] The first detection unit 120 and the circuit unit 170, for example, determine the water content in the soil 200 based on time-domain transmission method. Figure 6 As shown, the circuit section 170 inputs a frequency signal between one end 121A of the first signal line 121 and one end 122A of the first GND line 122 of the first detection section 120. Furthermore, in Figure 6 The third to fifth detection sections 140 to 160 are omitted in the text.

[0102] The frequency signal is, for example, a pulse wave. The frequency signal experiences a propagation time delay due to the soil 200 or the water contained within the soil 200. The dielectric constant of the soil 200 is, for example, ±4, and the dielectric constant of the water is, for example, 80. Figure 2 As shown, the change in dielectric constant between the first signal line 121 and the first GND line 122 is a change in capacitance, resulting in a delay in the propagation time of the frequency signal. Figure 6 As shown, the circuit section 170 measures the propagation time of the frequency signal to the other end 121B of the first signal line 121.

[0103] Specifically, the relative permittivity εr of water is determined by the water content in the soil 200. The apparent permittivity εa of the periphery of the first detection unit 120 is determined based on the relative permittivity εr of water. If the speed of light is set as c, the propagation time as tm, and the pattern length of the first signal line 121 as Lp, then the apparent permittivity εa is expressed as εa = (c × tm / Lp). 2 The apparent dielectric constant εa was obtained by measuring the propagation time. Furthermore, the relative dielectric constant εr of water was obtained from the apparent dielectric constant εa. Therefore, the water content in soil 200 was obtained from the relative dielectric constant εr of water.

[0104] The first detection unit 120 and the circuit unit 170 measure the electrical conductivity of the soil 200 based on the magnitude of the rising slope of the frequency signal reaching the other end 121B of the first signal line 121. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the rise of the frequency signal reaching the circuit section 170 is tilted according to the electrical conductivity of the soil 200. In addition, the amplitude of the frequency signal reaching the circuit section 170 also varies according to the electrical conductivity of the soil 200.

[0105] When the conductivity is high, the rise slope of the frequency signal reaching the circuit section 170 is small. That is, the time until the amplitude of the frequency signal becomes maximum is long. In addition, when the conductivity is high, the amplitude of the frequency signal reaching the circuit section 170 is small.

[0106] On the other hand, when the conductivity is low, the rising slope of the frequency signal reaching the circuit section 170 is large. That is, the time until the amplitude of the frequency signal becomes maximum is short. In addition, when the conductivity is low, the amplitude of the frequency signal reaching the circuit section 170 is large.

[0107] Therefore, the circuit section 170 converts the rising slope of the frequency signal arriving at the circuit section 170 into the conductivity of the soil 200. Alternatively, the circuit section 170 converts the amplitude of the frequency signal arriving at the circuit section 170 into the conductivity of the soil 200. Alternatively, the circuit section 170 converts both the rising slope and the maximum amplitude of the frequency signal arriving at the circuit section 170 into the conductivity of the soil 200.

[0108] The second detection unit 130 and circuit unit 170 measure the water potential of the soil 200 based on the electrostatic capacitance between one end 131A of the second signal line 131 and one end 132A of the second GND line 132. The second detection unit 130 uses a ceramic 133 to represent the ease with which water is absorbed from the soil 200, i.e., the water potential. The dielectric constant of the water contained in the soil 200 changes as water enters the ceramic 133. Thus, as... Figure 2 As shown, the electrostatic capacitance change between the second signal line 131 and the second GND line 132 is shown.

[0109] Specifically, the water absorption rate when water enters ceramic 133 is determined by the water potential of soil 200. This, in turn, determines the relative permittivity εr of water entering ceramic 133, and thus the electrostatic capacitance corresponding to εr. Therefore, the water potential of soil 200 is obtained by converting the electrostatic capacitance into water potential. For example, if the water potential is set as φ and the electrostatic capacitance is set as pF, the electrostatic capacitance pF is pF = log0 10 (-10.2×φ), the water potential φ is φ=10 pF / (-10.2).

[0110] The third detection unit 140 and the circuit unit 170 measure the temperature of the soil 200 using a thermistor 143. The circuit unit 170 obtains the temperature of the soil 200 based on the detection result of the thermistor.

[0111] The fourth detection unit 150 and the circuit unit 170 determine the pH of the soil 200 based on the potential difference between a pair of electrodes. For example, in a semiconductor electrode type, a semiconductor element such as an ISFET electrode is included as a pair of electrodes. The circuit unit 170 converts the potential difference generated between the ISFET electrode and the comparison electrode into pH through impedance transformation. Alternatively, a glass electrode type or a metal electrode type can also be used.

[0112] The fifth detection unit 160 and the circuit unit 170 measure the redox potential of the soil 200 based on the potential difference between the detection electrode and the reference electrode. The detection electrode is, for example, a platinum electrode. The circuit unit 170 acquires the voltage of the comparison electrode, which is based on the platinum electrode, as the redox potential of the soil 200.

[0113] For example, if +200mV is defined as oxidation = reduction, then +400mV to +700mV represents the oxidizing state, and -250mV to -300mV represents the reducing state. Dryland fields, for example, represent an oxidizing state at +600mV.

[0114] The circuit section 170 outputs the aforementioned physical quantities to external devices. The data obtained by the soil sensor 100 is used in irrigation systems or fertilizer distribution, etc. In irrigation systems, the amount of water is adjusted based on information about water content, water potential, and temperature. In fertilizer distribution, the amount or composition of fertilizer is adjusted based on information about conductivity, pH, and redox potential.

[0115] As explained above, in this embodiment, the second to fifth detection units 130 to 160 are disposed inside the first GND line 122 of the first detection unit 120. That is, the second to fifth detection units 130 to 160 are disposed away from the region of the electric field extended by the first signal line 121 and the first GND line 122 of the first detection unit 120. In addition, the first GND line 122 and the second GND line 132 are disposed adjacent to each other. Similarly, the first GND line 122 and the third GND line 142 are disposed adjacent to each other. The second GND line 132 and the fourth GND line 152 are disposed adjacent to each other. Moreover, the first GND line 122 and the fifth GND line 162 are disposed adjacent to each other. Therefore, unwanted electrostatic capacitance is not generated between each detection unit 120 to 160. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the mutual influence of each detection unit 120 to 160.

[0116] Water potential indicates the ease with which roots absorb water, and electrical conductivity indicates the salt concentration in soil 200. Because soil sensor 100 can measure water potential and electrical conductivity, it is suitable for feedback control of the composition or quantity of liquid fertilizer in soil 200.

[0117] Furthermore, one side 111 of the base 110 in this embodiment corresponds to the mounting surface.

[0118] <Second Implementation Method>

[0119] In this embodiment, the differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described. For example... Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the pedestal 110 has a side 113 opposite to the side 111. Furthermore, the first detection unit 120 is disposed on both sides of the pedestal 110, on the side 111 and the side 113. The first signal line 121 and the first GND line 122 disposed on the side 113 of the pedestal 110 are also covered by an insulating film 112. Each detection unit 120-160 is disposed not only on one side 111 of the pedestal 110 but also on the other side 113. Furthermore, in Figure 8 The second to fifth detection sections 130 to 160 are omitted in the text.

[0120] Based on the above structure, the configuration density of the wiring patterns of the first detection unit 120 and the second detection unit 130 can be increased. That is, a longer wiring pattern can be formed within the range of one side 111 and the other side 113 of the base 110, thereby improving the sensitivity of the first detection unit 120 and the second detection unit 130 and miniaturizing the soil sensor 100.

[0121] Furthermore, because the first signal line 121 and the first GND line 122 of the first detection unit 120 are close together, the electric field can easily seep into the soil 200. Therefore, the sensitivity can be further improved.

[0122] Furthermore, the other side 113 of the base 110 in this embodiment corresponds to the mounting surface.

[0123] <Third Implementation Method>

[0124] In this embodiment, the differences from the first and second embodiments will be mainly described. For example... Figure 9 As shown, the connecting portion 121E of the first detection unit 120 is a wiring pattern folded towards the wiring pattern in the first straight section 121C corresponding to one end 121A of the first signal line 121 and the wiring pattern in the second straight section 121D corresponding to the other end 121B of the first signal line 121. Furthermore, in Figure 9 The third to fifth detection sections 140 to 160 are omitted in the text.

[0125] The first GND line 122 is separated from the first signal line 121 by a first interval. Therefore, the portion of the first GND line 122 corresponding to the connection portion 121E is also a wiring pattern folded toward one end 122A and the other end 122B of the first GND line 122.

[0126] For example, the dielectric constant of soil 200 increases after absorbing water. Therefore, the difference in dielectric constant between the pedestal 110 and soil 200 increases. Therefore, as... Figure 10 As shown, total internal reflection of the electric field 114 occurs at the interface between the pedestal 110 and the soil 200. That is, because the electric field 114 does not pass through the soil 200, the sensitivity to changes in the dielectric constant of the soil 200 is reduced.

[0127] In contrast, as described above, in the case of a wiring pattern with the connection portion 121E folded, the density of the wiring pattern with the connection portion 121E folded is higher than the density of a wiring pattern without the connection portion 121E folded. Therefore, the angle of incidence of the electric field relative to the interface between the pedestal 110 and the soil 200 becomes larger, so as... Figure 11 As shown, total internal reflection of the electric field 114 does not occur at the interface between the pedestal 110 and the soil 200. Therefore, the sensitivity of the first detection unit 120 can be improved.

[0128] As a variation, the folding of the connecting portion 121E may be multiple times instead of once. In this case, the connecting portion 121E becomes a corrugated wiring pattern.

[0129] <Fourth Implementation Method>

[0130] In this embodiment, the differences from the embodiments described above will be mainly explained. For example... Figure 12 As shown, the second straight section 121D of the first signal line 121 has a corrugated wiring pattern section 121F. The corrugation can be a wave shape or a repeating shape. Furthermore, in Figure 12 The third to fifth detection sections 140 to 160 are omitted in the text.

[0131] Because the first GND line 122 is a wiring pattern separated from the first signal line 121 by a first interval, the portion of the first signal line 121 corresponding to the second straight section 121D is corrugated. Based on the above structure, the density of the wiring pattern of the first detection unit 120 can be increased, thus achieving the same effect as in the third embodiment.

[0132] As a variation, the first straight section 121C may also have a corrugated wiring pattern. That is, either the first straight section 121C or the second straight section 121D has a corrugated portion.

[0133] As a variation, either the first straight section 121C or the second straight section 121D may have a corrugated wiring pattern and a wiring pattern that folds the connecting section 121E.

[0134] <Fifth Implementation Method>

[0135] In this embodiment, the differences from the fourth embodiment will be mainly described. For example... Figure 13 As shown, the first straight portion 121C of the first signal line 121 has a corrugated first wiring pattern portion 121G. Furthermore, the second straight portion 121D of the first signal line 121 has a corrugated second wiring pattern portion 121F. Additionally, in Figure 13 In this embodiment, the third to fifth detection units 140 to 160 are omitted. In the first GND line 122, the portions corresponding to the straight portions 121C and 121D of the first signal line 121 are respectively corrugated wiring patterns. According to the above structure, the same effect as in the third embodiment can be obtained.

[0136] As a variation, both the first straight section 121C and the second straight section 121D may have corrugated wiring pattern portions, and may also have wiring patterns that fold the connecting section 121E.

[0137] <Sixth Implementation Method>

[0138] In this embodiment, the differences from the embodiments described above will be mainly explained. For example... Figure 14 As shown, the soil sensor 100 is configured such that the circuit section 170 is located above the pedestal 110 in the direction of gravity. That is, the configuration direction is parallel to the direction of gravity. The configuration direction can not only be parallel to the direction of gravity, but can also be slightly tilted relative to the direction of gravity.

[0139] For example, in the case of soil 200 being nutrient soil, fertilizer and water are mixed in a certain proportion. Nutrient soil refers to soil prepared for plant cultivation, which, in addition to leaf mold, sand, peat moss, vermiculite, lime, etc., also contains fertilizer in a specific proportion. Therefore, as... Figure 14 As shown, the soil sensor 100 can also be arranged longitudinally in the soil 200.

[0140] <Seventh Implementation Method>

[0141] In this embodiment, the differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described. For example... Figure 15 As shown, the soil sensor 100 has multiple detection units 120 to 160. Specifically, the soil sensor 100 has multiple pedestals 110. The multiple pedestals 110 are arranged in the direction of gravity to acquire various physical quantities such as water content, electrical conductivity, and water potential at different locations in the direction of gravity. Moreover, each detection unit 120 to 160 is respectively provided on one side 111 of each pedestal 110.

[0142] The soil sensor 100 is disposed in the soil 200 with its orientation perpendicular to the direction of gravity. This allows for the measurement of various physical quantities in the depth direction of the soil 200. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be disposed in the soil 200 with its orientation along the direction of gravity.

[0143] As a variation, such as Figure 16 As shown, each detection unit 120 to 160 may be disposed on one side 111 of a base 110.

[0144] As a variation, not all of the detection units 120-160 may be arranged in different positions in the direction of gravity. That is, some of the detection units 120-160 may be arranged in different positions in the direction of gravity. For example, only the first detection unit 120 may be arranged in different positions in the direction of gravity, or only the second detection unit 130 may be arranged in different positions in the direction of gravity.

[0145] <Eighth Implementation Method>

[0146] In this embodiment, the differences from the seventh embodiment will be mainly described. For example... Figure 17 and Figure 18 As shown, in this embodiment, the circuit section 170 of the soil sensor 100 is positioned on the upper side in the direction of gravity. Furthermore, in Figure 17 The third to fifth detection sections 140 to 160 are omitted in the text.

[0147] Additionally, the pedestal 110 has a first pedestal 115 and a second pedestal 116 with different lengths in the configuration direction. The length of the first pedestal 115 in the configuration direction is a. The length of the second pedestal 116 in the configuration direction is b, which is greater than a. By overlapping and integrating the first pedestal 115 and the second pedestal 116, a portion of one end of the second pedestal 116 is exposed.

[0148] Based on the above structure, it is possible to measure various physical quantities corresponding to the depth of the front end portion of the second base 116, that is, the portion b-a in the second base 116. Furthermore, the soil sensor 100 can also be disposed in the soil 200 with its configuration direction perpendicular to the direction of gravity.

[0149] As a variation, such as Figure 19 and Figure 20 As shown, the pedestal 110 may also have a third pedestal 117 with a length c greater than b in the configuration direction. The second pedestal 116 overlaps with and is integrated with the third pedestal 117. Thus, it is possible to measure the physical quantities of the depth corresponding to the front end portion of the third pedestal 117, i.e., the c-b portion, and not only the front end portion of the second pedestal 116.

[0150] As a variation, such as Figure 21 As shown, the base 110 can also be a single unit. Each detection unit 120-160 is arranged in two segments along the arrangement direction on one side 111 of the base 110. Alternatively, as... Figure 22 As shown, each detection section 120-160 can also be arranged in three segments along the arrangement direction on one side 111 of the base 110. Furthermore, in Figure 21 and Figure 22 The third to fifth detection sections 140 to 160 are omitted in the text.

[0151] <Ninth Implementation Method>

[0152] In this embodiment, the differences from the embodiments described above will be mainly explained. For example... Figure 23 As shown, the base 110 is not substrate-shaped, but is configured as a sphere. The surface of the sphere corresponds to one side 111. The sphere is, for example, a resin sphere.

[0153] Each detection section 120-160 is disposed on the surface of the sphere. The wiring pattern of each detection section 120-160 is, for example, printed on the surface of the sphere. Furthermore, in Figure 23 The second to fifth detection sections 130 to 160 are omitted in the text.

[0154] According to the above structure, a wiring pattern of the first detection unit 120 can be formed on the sphere for several weeks. Therefore, the wiring pattern of the first detection unit 120 can be extended. Therefore, the sensitivity of the first detection unit 120 can be improved.

[0155] As a variation, the pedestal 110 may not be a perfect sphere, but rather a slightly deformed shape like an ellipsoid.

[0156] <Tenth Implementation Method>

[0157] In this embodiment, the differences from the embodiments described above will be mainly explained. For example... Figure 24 As shown, the ceramic 133 has a front side 134, a back side 135, and a side side 136. The back side 135 of the ceramic 133 is disposed on one side of one end 131A of the second signal line 131 and one end 132A of the second GND line 132. That is, the back side 135 of the ceramic 133 is in contact with the insulating film 112. Furthermore, in Figure 24 The third to fifth detection sections 140 to 160 are omitted in the text.

[0158] Furthermore, the second detection unit 130 includes a metal body 137. The metal body 137 is disposed over the entire front surface 134 of the ceramic 133. The metal body 137 is constructed using a corrosion-resistant metal material such as aluminum or stainless steel. The metal body 137 can be configured as a single layer or as multiple layers. When the metal body 137 is multi-layered, multiple layers can be formed using the same metal material or multiple layers can be formed using different metal materials.

[0159] The metal body 137 is connected to a portion of a second GND line 132 (not shown) disposed on the side 136 of the ceramic 133. Thus, the metal body 137 is electrically connected to the second GND line 132. The metal body 137 is another electrode of the ceramic 133.

[0160] Based on the above structure, an electrostatic capacitance is also generated between one end 131A of the second signal line 131 located on one side 111 of the platform 110 and the metal body 137. If the area is set as S and the distance between the electrodes is set as d, the electrostatic capacitance C required to measure the water potential is expressed as C = ε × (S / d). Therefore, because the area of ​​the electrodes increases and the amount of metal body 137 increases, the obtained electrostatic capacitance becomes larger. Therefore, the sensitivity of the second detection unit 130 can be improved.

[0161] As a variation, the metal body 137 may be disposed in at least a portion of the front surface 134 of the ceramic 133.

[0162] <Eleventh Implementation Method>

[0163] In this embodiment, the differences from the tenth embodiment will be mainly described. For example... Figure 25 As shown, the second detection unit 130 has a metal body 138. The metal body 138 is disposed on the entire front surface 134 of the ceramic 133. Furthermore, in Figure 25 The third to fifth detection sections 140 to 160 are omitted in the text.

[0164] The metal body 138 is connected to a portion of a second signal line 131 (not shown) disposed on the side 136 of the ceramic 133. Thus, the metal body 138 is electrically connected to the second signal line 131. The metal body 138 is an electrode of the ceramic 133.

[0165] Based on the above structure, similar to the tenth embodiment, the electrostatic capacitance increases because the area of ​​the electrode increases and the amount of metal body 138 increases. Therefore, the sensitivity of the second detection unit 130 can be improved.

[0166] As a variation, the metal body 138 may be disposed in at least a portion of the front surface 134 of the ceramic 133.

[0167] <Twelfth Implementation Method>

[0168] In this embodiment, the differences from the embodiments described above will be mainly explained. For example... Figure 26 As shown, one end 131A of the second signal line 131 is disposed on one side 111 of the pedestal 110. The top view shape of one end 131A of the second signal line 131 is, for example, circular. Furthermore, in Figure 26 The third to fifth detection sections 140 to 160 are omitted in the text.

[0169] The ceramic 133 is configured such that its back surface 135 is located above one end 131A of the second signal line 131. That is, the back surface 135 of the ceramic 133 is disposed on the side of one end 131A of the second signal line 131.

[0170] One end 132A of the second GND line 132 is disposed on the entire front side 134 of the ceramic 133. One end 132A of the second GND line 132 is electrically connected to a portion of the second GND line 132 disposed on the side side 136 of the ceramic 133.

[0171] Based on the above structure, because the electrode areas at one end 131A of the second signal line 131 and one end 132A of the second GND line 132 are larger than those in the first embodiment, the obtained electrostatic capacitance is increased. Therefore, the sensitivity of the second detection unit 130 can be improved.

[0172] As a variation, the top view shape of one end 131A of the second signal line 131 can also be elliptical or polygonal. Additionally, one end 132A of the second GND line 132 can be disposed in at least a portion of the front surface 134 of the ceramic 133.

[0173] As a variation, the second GND line 132 can also be connected to the first GND line 122 of the first detection unit 120. Thus, the second GND line 132 can be shared with the first GND line 122.

[0174] <Thirteenth Implementation Method>

[0175] In this embodiment, the differences from the twelfth embodiment will be mainly described. For example... Figure 27 As shown, one end 132A of the second GND line 132 is disposed on one side 111 of the pedestal 110. The top view shape of one end 132A of the second GND line 132 is, for example, circular. Furthermore, in Figure 27 The third to fifth detection sections 140 to 160 are omitted in the text.

[0176] The ceramic 133 is configured such that its back surface 135 is located above one end 132A of the second GND line 132. That is, the back surface 135 of the ceramic 133 is disposed on the side of one end 132A of the second GND line 132.

[0177] One end 131A of the second signal line 131 is disposed on the entire front side 134 of the ceramic 133. One end 131A of the second signal line 131 is electrically connected to a portion of the second signal line 131 disposed on the side side 136 of the ceramic 133.

[0178] Based on the above structure, similar to the twelfth embodiment, the obtained electrostatic capacitance is increased. Therefore, the sensitivity of the second detection unit 130 can be improved.

[0179] As a variation, the top view shape of one end 132A of the second GND line 132 can also be elliptical or polygonal. Alternatively, one end 131A of the second signal line 131 can be disposed in at least a portion of the front surface 134 of the ceramic 133.

[0180] <Fourteenth Implementation>

[0181] In this embodiment, the differences from the twelfth embodiment will be mainly described. The top view shape of one end 131A of the second signal line 131 is, for example, a circular ring shape. Figure 28 As shown, one end 132A of the second GND line 132 is disposed on the entire side 136 of the ceramic 133. Furthermore, in Figure 28 The third to fifth detection sections 140 to 160 are omitted in the text.

[0182] Based on the above structure, an electrostatic capacitance is generated between one end 132A of the second GND line 132 located on the side 136 of the ceramic 133 and one end 131A of the second signal line 131 located on one side 111 of the pedestal 110. Because one end 132A of the second GND line 132 is disposed over the entire side 136 of the ceramic 133, the resulting electrostatic capacitance is increased. Therefore, the sensitivity of the second detection unit 130 can be improved.

[0183] As a variation, the top view shape of one end 131A of the second signal line 131 can also be an elliptical ring or a polygonal ring. Additionally, one end 132A of the second GND line 132 can be disposed in at least a portion of the side surface 136 of the ceramic 133.

[0184] <Fifteenth Implementation Method>

[0185] In this embodiment, the differences from the thirteenth embodiment will be mainly described. The top view shape of one end 132A of the second GND line 132 is, for example, a circular ring shape. Figure 29 As shown, one end 131A of the second signal line 131 is disposed over the entire side 136 of the ceramic 133. Furthermore, in Figure 29 The third to fifth detection sections 140 to 160 are omitted in the text.

[0186] Based on the above structure, similar to the fourteenth embodiment, the obtained electrostatic capacitance is increased. Therefore, the sensitivity of the second detection unit 130 can be improved.

[0187] As a variation, the top view shape of one end 132A of the second GND line 132 can also be an elliptical ring or a polygonal ring. Alternatively, one end 131A of the second signal line 131 can be disposed in at least a portion of the side surface 136 of the ceramic 133.

[0188] <Sixteenth Implementation Method>

[0189] In this embodiment, the differences from the fourteenth embodiment will be mainly described. For example... Figure 30As shown, one end 132A of the second GND line 132 is disposed on the front side 134 and the side side 136 of the ceramic 133. One end 132A of the second GND line 132 has a through hole 132C for allowing moisture from the soil 200 to penetrate into the ceramic 133. Furthermore, in Figure 30 The third to fifth detection sections 140 to 160 are omitted in the text.

[0190] Based on the above structure, similar to the fourteenth embodiment, the obtained electrostatic capacitance is increased. Therefore, the sensitivity of the second detection unit 130 can be improved.

[0191] <Seventeenth Implementation Method>

[0192] In this embodiment, the differences from the fifteenth embodiment will be mainly described. For example... Figure 31 As shown, one end 131A of the second signal line 131 is disposed on the front side 134 and the side side 136 of the ceramic 133. One end 131A of the second signal line 131 has a through hole 131C for allowing moisture from the soil 200 to penetrate into the ceramic 133. Furthermore, in Figure 31 The third to fifth detection sections 140 to 160 are omitted in the text.

[0193] Based on the above structure, similar to the fifteenth embodiment, the obtained electrostatic capacitance is increased. Therefore, the sensitivity of the second detection unit 130 can be improved.

[0194] <Eighteenth Implementation Method>

[0195] In this embodiment, the differences from the embodiments described above will be mainly explained. For example... Figure 32 As shown, the first signal line 121 and the first GND line 122 are not only disposed on one side 111 and the other side 113 of the pedestal 110, but also disposed inside the pedestal 110. Furthermore, in Figure 32 The second to fifth detection sections 130 to 160 are omitted in the text.

[0196] The first signal line 121 has multiple branch patterns that branch out between one end 121A and the other end 121B. For example, the first signal line 121 has four branch patterns connected side-by-side between one end 121A and the other end 121B. Moreover, the four branch patterns extend along one side 111 of the pedestal 110, and the positions of the four branch patterns in the thickness direction based on one side 111 of the pedestal 110 are different. That is, the four branch patterns are layered wiring patterns. In other words, the first signal line 121 is a four-layer wiring pattern.

[0197] The first GND line 122 also has four branch patterns that extend along one side 111 of the pedestal 110 and are positioned differently in the thickness direction based on one side 111 of the pedestal 110. Each branch pattern of the first GND line 122 and each branch pattern of the first signal line 121 are respectively arranged in the same layer.

[0198] The pedestal 110 is, for example, a laminated substrate. Thus, the branch patterns of the first signal line 121 and the branch patterns of the first GND line 122 are dispersed in the thickness direction via vias formed in the laminated substrate. Furthermore, the branch patterns of the first signal line 121 converge at one end 121A and the other end 121B. Similarly, the branch patterns of the first GND line 122 converge at one end 122A and the other end 122B.

[0199] Based on the above structure, the electric field strength is increased by the amount of each branch pattern of the first signal line 121 and each branch pattern of the first GND line 122. Therefore, the sensitivity of the first detection unit 120 can be improved.

[0200] As a variation, the first signal line 121 and the first GND line 122 may not be disposed on the other side 113 of the pedestal 110. That is, the first signal line 121 and the first GND line 122 may also be disposed on one side 111 of the pedestal 110 and inside the pedestal 110.

[0201] As a variation, the branch patterns of the first signal line 121 and the branch patterns of the first GND line 122 are not limited to four layers; they can be three or more layers. For example, the branch patterns of the first signal line 121 and the branch patterns of the first GND line 122 can be set to any of six, eight, ten, or twelve layers.

[0202] <Nineteenth Implementation Method>

[0203] In this embodiment, the parts that differ from those in the eighteenth embodiment will be described. For example... Figure 33 As shown, in the thickness direction perpendicular to one side 111 of the base 110, the first signal line 121 and the first GND line 122 are disposed at different depths relative to one side 111 of the base 110. In this embodiment, the first signal line 121 is disposed on one side 111 and the other side 113 of the base 110. On the other hand, the first GND line 122 is disposed inside the base 110. Furthermore, in Figure 33 The second to fifth detection sections 130 to 160 are omitted in the text.

[0204] Based on the above structure, the electric field strength can be increased in the thickness direction of the stage 110. Therefore, the sensitivity of the first detection unit 120 can be improved.

[0205] As a variation, the first GND line 122 may be disposed on one side 111 and the other side 113 of the pedestal 110, while the first signal line 121 may be disposed inside the pedestal 110.

[0206] As a variation, the first signal line 121 may be disposed inside the base 110, the first GND line 122 may be disposed on one side 111 of the base 110, the first signal line 121 may be disposed on the other side 113 of the base 110, and the first GND line 122 may be disposed inside the base 110.

[0207] As a variation, the first signal line 121 may be disposed on one side 111 of the pedestal 110, the first GND line 122 may be disposed inside the pedestal 110, and the first signal line 121 may be disposed inside the pedestal 110, while the first GND line 122 may be disposed on the other side 113 of the pedestal 110.

[0208] As a variation, the first signal line 121 and the first GND line 122 may also be integrally disposed inside the base 110.

[0209] <Twentieth Implementation Method>

[0210] In this embodiment, the differences from the embodiments described above will be mainly explained. For example... Figure 34 and Figure 35 As shown, the first signal line 121 is a wavy wiring pattern with amplitude varying in the thickness direction perpendicular to one side 111 of the pedestal 110. Furthermore, in Figure 34 and Figure 35 The second to fifth detection sections 130 to 160 are omitted in the text.

[0211] The first signal line 121 is constructed, for example, by electrically connecting four layers of discontinuous wiring patterns formed inside the base 110 in the thickness direction through through holes or the like. In the first signal line 121 on one side 111 of the base 110, the two layers on that side are electrically connected in the thickness direction through through holes or the like. In the first signal line 121 on the other side 113 of the base 110, the two layers on that side are electrically connected in the thickness direction through through holes or the like. The first GND line 122 also has the same wavy wiring pattern as the first signal line 121.

[0212] Based on the above structure, the first signal line 121 and the first GND line 122 can be extended. Therefore, similar to the second embodiment, the sensitivity of the first detection unit 120 can be improved.

[0213] Of course, it can also be combined with other implementation methods. For example, ... Figure 9Regarding the wiring pattern folded on one side 111 of the base 110, as shown, the wiring pattern is also formed as a wave with amplitude varying in the thickness direction of the base 110. Similarly, the wiring pattern of this embodiment can also be applied to... Figures 12-33 The wiring patterns shown are as follows.

[0214] As a variation, a portion of the first signal line 121 may also be disposed on one side 111 and the other side 113 of the pedestal 110. Similarly, a portion of the first signal line 121 may also be disposed on one side 111 and the other side 113 of the pedestal 110.

[0215] As a variation, the first signal line 121 and the first GND line 122 may not be disposed on the other side 113 of the pedestal 110. Furthermore, when the first signal line 121 and the first GND line 122 are configured as multiple layers, each branch pattern is a wavy wiring pattern with amplitude varying in the thickness direction.

[0216] This disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of this disclosure, as follows. For example, the above embodiments can be appropriately combined. Furthermore, when wiring patterns are formed on one side 111 and the other side 113 of the base 110, it is desirable that the wiring pattern on one side 111 is the same as the wiring pattern on the other side 113.

[0217] Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures the amount of water and water potential among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures the amount of water, water potential, and electrical conductivity among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures the amount of water, water potential, electrical conductivity, and temperature among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures the amount of water, water potential, electrical conductivity, temperature, and pH among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures the amount of water, water potential, electrical conductivity, pH, and redox potential among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures the amount of water, water potential, electrical conductivity, and redox potential among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures the amount of water, water potential, temperature, pH, and redox potential among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures the amount of water, water potential, temperature, pH, and redox potential among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 may also be a structure that measures the amount of water, water potential, temperature, and redox potential among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 may also be a structure that measures the amount of water, water potential, and pH among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 may also be a structure that measures the amount of water, water potential, pH, and redox potential among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 may also be a structure that measures the amount of water, water potential, and redox potential among various physical quantities.

[0218] On the other hand, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity and water potential among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water potential, and water content among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water potential, water content, and temperature among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water potential, water content, temperature, and pH among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water potential, water content, temperature, pH, and redox potential among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water potential, water content, pH, and redox potential among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water potential, water content, and redox potential among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 may also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water potential, and temperature among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 may also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water potential, temperature, pH, and redox potential among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 may also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water potential, temperature, and redox potential among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 may also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water potential, and pH among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 may also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water potential, pH, and redox potential among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 may also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water potential, and redox potential among various physical quantities.

[0219] Furthermore, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures the water content and electrical conductivity among various physical quantities. Of course, similar to the above, the soil sensor 100 can also be based on a structure that measures the water content and electrical conductivity, and appropriately combined with structures that measure water potential, temperature, pH, and redox potential.

[0220] Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity and water potential among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water potential, and water content among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water potential, water content, and temperature among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water potential, water content, temperature, and pH among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water potential, water content, temperature, and redox potential among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water potential, water content, and redox potential among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water potential, and temperature among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 may also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water potential, temperature, pH, and redox potential among various physical quantities.

[0221] On the other hand, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity and water content among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water content, and water potential among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water content, water potential, and temperature among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water content, water potential, temperature, and pH among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water content, water potential, temperature, pH, and redox potential among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water content, water potential, pH, and redox potential among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, water content, water potential, and redox potential among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 may also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, moisture content, and temperature among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 may also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, moisture content, temperature, pH, and redox potential among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 may also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, moisture content, temperature, and redox potential among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 may also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, moisture content, and pH among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 may also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, moisture content, pH, and redox potential among various physical quantities. Alternatively, the soil sensor 100 may also be a structure that measures electrical conductivity, moisture content, and redox potential among various physical quantities.

[0222] Furthermore, the soil sensor 100 can also be a structure that measures water potential and water content among various physical quantities. Of course, similar to the above, the soil sensor 100 can also be based on a structure that measures water potential and water content, and appropriately combined with structures that measure conductivity, temperature, pH, and redox potential.

[0223] This disclosure has been described with reference to embodiments, but it should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to those embodiments or structures. This disclosure also includes various modifications and equivalent variations. Furthermore, various combinations and arrangements, as well as other combinations and arrangements that make them contain only one element, or that make them contain more or fewer elements, also fall within the scope and spirit of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A soil sensor, characterized in that, Include: The pedestal has a mounting surface; The first detection unit has a first signal line and a first GND line disposed on the pedestal; The second detection unit has a second signal line, a second GND line, and a ceramic disposed on the mounting surface of the pedestal. One end of the second signal line is for one electrode of the ceramic, and one end of the second GND line is for the other electrode of the ceramic. as well as The circuit section inputs a frequency signal between one end of the first signal line and one end of the first GND line, and obtains the water content based on the propagation time of the frequency signal to the other end of the first signal line, which corresponds to the water content contained in the soil on which the pedestal is disposed. On the other hand, it measures the water potential of the soil based on the electrostatic capacitance between one end of the second signal line and one end of the second GND line, which changes due to the water contained in the soil entering the ceramic. The first signal line is a wiring pattern with a ring shape projected onto the mounting surface of the pedestal. The first GND line is arranged at a distance from the first signal line, and the wiring pattern projected onto the mounting surface of the pedestal by the first GND line is arranged in the area surrounded by the wiring pattern projected onto the mounting surface by the first signal line. The second detection unit is configured in the area surrounded by the wiring pattern of the first GND line projected onto the mounting surface of the pedestal.

2. The soil sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circuitry unit obtains the electrical conductivity of the soil based on the magnitude of the slope of the rise of the frequency signal reaching the other end of the first signal line.

3. The soil sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil sensor includes a third detection unit disposed in the area surrounded by the first GND line projected onto the mounting surface of the pedestal, and the third detection unit detects the temperature of the soil. The circuit unit obtains the temperature of the soil based on the detection results of the third detection unit.

4. The soil sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil sensor includes a fourth detection unit disposed in the area surrounded by the first GND line projected onto the mounting surface of the pedestal, and the fourth detection unit detects the potential difference between the pair of electrodes associated with the situation where water contained in the soil adheres to one of the electrodes. The circuitry unit obtains the pH value of the soil based on the potential difference between the pair of electrodes.

5. The soil sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil sensor includes a fifth detection unit disposed in the area surrounded by the first GND line projected onto the mounting surface of the pedestal, and the fifth detection unit detects the potential difference between the detection electrode and the reference electrode in connection with the situation where water contained in the soil adheres to the detection electrode. The circuitry unit acquires the redox potential of the soil based on the potential difference between the detection electrode and the reference electrode.

6. The soil sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, In order to obtain the water content at different positions in the direction of gravity, a plurality of the first detection units are provided on the pedestal.

7. A soil sensor, characterized in that, Include: The pedestal has a mounting surface; The first detection unit has a first signal line and a first GND line disposed on the pedestal; The second detection unit has a second signal line, a second GND line, and a ceramic disposed on the mounting surface of the pedestal. One end of the second signal line is for one electrode of the ceramic, and one end of the second GND line is for the other electrode of the ceramic. as well as The circuit section inputs a frequency signal between one end of the first signal line and one end of the first GND line, and obtains the electrical conductivity of the soil on which the pedestal is disposed based on the magnitude of the rising slope of the frequency signal reaching the other end of the first signal line. On the other hand, it measures the water potential of the soil based on the electrostatic capacitance between one end of the second signal line and one end of the second GND line, which changes due to the water contained in the soil entering the ceramic. The first signal line is a wiring pattern with a ring shape projected onto the mounting surface of the pedestal. The first GND line is arranged at a distance from the first signal line, and the wiring pattern projected onto the mounting surface of the pedestal by the first GND line is arranged in the area surrounded by the wiring pattern projected onto the mounting surface by the first signal line. The second detection unit is configured in the area surrounded by the wiring pattern of the first GND line projected onto the mounting surface of the pedestal.

8. The soil sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that, The soil sensor includes a third detection unit disposed in the area surrounded by the first GND line projected onto the mounting surface of the pedestal, and the third detection unit detects the temperature of the soil. The circuit unit obtains the temperature of the soil based on the detection results of the third detection unit.

9. The soil sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that, The soil sensor includes a fourth detection unit disposed in the area surrounded by the first GND line projected onto the mounting surface of the pedestal, and the fourth detection unit detects the potential difference between the pair of electrodes associated with the situation where water contained in the soil adheres to one of the electrodes. The circuitry unit obtains the pH value of the soil based on the potential difference between the pair of electrodes.

10. The soil sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that, The soil sensor includes a fifth detection unit disposed in the area surrounded by the first GND line projected onto the mounting surface of the pedestal, and the fifth detection unit detects the potential difference between the detection electrode and the reference electrode in connection with the situation where water contained in the soil adheres to the detection electrode. The circuitry unit acquires the redox potential of the soil based on the potential difference between the detection electrode and the reference electrode.

11. The soil sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that, In order to obtain the conductivity at different positions in the direction of gravity, a plurality of the first detection units are provided on the pedestal.

12. The soil sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, In order to obtain the water potential at different positions in the direction of gravity, a plurality of second detection units are provided on the mounting surface of the pedestal.

13. The soil sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The pedestal is a base plate, The mounting surface is one side of the substrate.

14. The soil sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The pedestal is a base plate, The mounting surface is one side of the substrate and the other side opposite to the mounting surface. The first detection unit is disposed on one side and the other side of the substrate.

15. The soil sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The wiring pattern of the first signal line projected onto the mounting surface of the pedestal has a first straight section, a second straight section arranged side by side with the first straight section, and a connecting section connecting the first straight section and the second straight section. The side of the first straight section opposite to the connecting section corresponds to one end of the first signal line. The side of the second straight section opposite to the connecting section corresponds to the other end of the first signal line. The connecting portion is a wiring pattern that is folded towards the wiring pattern in the first straight portion corresponding to one end of the first signal line and the wiring pattern in the second straight portion corresponding to the other end of the first signal line.

16. The soil sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The wiring pattern of the first signal line projected onto the mounting surface of the pedestal has a first straight section, a second straight section arranged side by side with the first straight section, and a connecting section connecting the first straight section and the second straight section. Either the first straight section or the second straight section has a corrugated wiring pattern section.

17. The soil sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The wiring pattern of the first signal line projected onto the mounting surface of the pedestal has a first straight section, a second straight section arranged side by side with the first straight section, and a connecting section connecting the first straight section and the second straight section. The first straight section has a corrugated first wiring pattern section. The second straight section has a corrugated second wiring pattern section.

18. The soil sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The pedestal and the circuit section are integrated and arranged in a direction perpendicular to the direction of gravity.

19. The soil sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The pedestal and the circuit section are integrated, and the circuit section is arranged such that it is located on the upper side of the pedestal in the direction of gravity.

20. The soil sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, One end of the second signal line and one end of the second GND line are disposed on the mounting surface of the pedestal. The ceramic element is disposed above one end of the second signal line and one end of the second GND line. One end of the second GND line is a wiring pattern that is spaced apart from one end of the second signal line and surrounds one end of the second signal line.

21. The soil sensor according to claim 20, characterized in that, The ceramic has a front side and a back side, with the back side disposed at one end of the second signal line and one end of the second GND line. The second detection unit has a metal body disposed on the front side of the ceramic and electrically connected to the second GND line. The metal body is the other electrode for the ceramic.

22. The soil sensor according to claim 20, characterized in that, The ceramic has a front side and a back side, with the back side disposed at one end of the second signal line and one end of the second GND line. The second detection unit has a metal body disposed on the front side of the ceramic and electrically connected to the second signal line. The metal body is the electrode for the ceramic.

23. The soil sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, One end of the second signal line is disposed on the mounting surface of the pedestal. The ceramic has a front, a back, and a side, and the back is configured to be located above one end of the second signal line. A portion of the second GND line is disposed on the side of the ceramic. One end of the second GND line is disposed on the front side of the ceramic.

24. The soil sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, One end of the second GND line is disposed on the mounting surface of the pedestal. The ceramic has a front, a back, and a side, and the back is configured to be located above one end of the second GND line. A portion of the second signal line is disposed on the side of the ceramic. One end of the second signal line is disposed on the front side of the ceramic.

25. The soil sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, One end of the second signal line is disposed on the mounting surface of the pedestal. The ceramic has a front, a back, and a side, and the back is configured to be located above one end of the second signal line. One end of the second GND line is disposed on the side of the ceramic.

26. The soil sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, One end of the second GND line is disposed on the mounting surface of the pedestal. The ceramic has a front, a back, and a side, and the back is configured to be located above one end of the second GND line. One end of the second signal line is disposed on the side of the ceramic.

27. The soil sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, One end of the second signal line is disposed on the mounting surface of the pedestal. The ceramic has a front, a back, and a side, and the back is configured to be located above one end of the second signal line. One end of the second GND line is disposed on the front and side surfaces of the ceramic.

28. The soil sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, One end of the second GND line is disposed on the mounting surface of the pedestal. The ceramic has a front, a back, and a side, and the back is configured to be located above one end of the second GND line. One end of the second signal line is disposed on the front and side surfaces of the ceramic.

29. The soil sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The first signal line is a layered wiring pattern that extends along the mounting surface of the pedestal and has different positions in the thickness direction relative to the mounting surface of the pedestal. The first GND line is a layered wiring pattern that extends along the mounting surface of the pedestal and has different positions in the thickness direction relative to the mounting surface of the pedestal.

30. The soil sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, In the thickness direction perpendicular to the mounting surface of the pedestal, the first signal line and the first GND line have different depths relative to the mounting surface.

31. The soil sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The first signal line and the first GND line are wavy wiring patterns with amplitudes varying in the thickness direction perpendicular to the mounting surface of the pedestal.

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