Device and method for treating a shield machine shell encasement in a composite ground

Abstract

This invention discloses a device and method for treating the outer shell of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) in composite strata, comprising a soil section, a TBM, and an outer shell. The TBM is located inside the soil section, and the outer shell is wrapped around the outside of the TBM. This invention uses a steel casing to isolate the geological conditions at the construction site from the surrounding environment. This reduces disturbance to the surrounding strata and minimizes stratum loss during hammering and vibration operations in weak strata and sand layers within composite strata, ensuring the safety of the surrounding environment. Furthermore, the mechanical construction method requires less manpower, and the use of a steel casing significantly improves efficiency and saves construction time compared to vertical shaft excavation. In the hammering assembly of this invention, an air spring is installed between the hammering column and the casing for buffering. The rigidity of the air spring can be adjusted according to the thickness and viscosity of the slurry at the hammering location, providing appropriate buffering force to prevent damage to the TBM outer shell when the hammering force is sufficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shield tunneling technology, specifically to a device and method for treating the outer shell of a shield tunneling machine in composite strata. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of urban underground rail transit in my country, lines are increasingly characterized by deep burial and steep longitudinal slopes, placing higher demands on the management of synchronous and secondary grouting during construction. During shield tunneling in complex strata and on steep downslopes, it is inevitable that excessively thin grout will seep into the shield. Combined with factors such as prolonged downtime and geological characteristics, this can easily lead to shield encapsulation, resulting in problems such as high thrust, low speed, difficulty in controlling zonal hydraulic pressure, and high articulation pressure after the shield resumes tunneling. These issues severely impact production progress and project quality control. Currently, the following methods are used to deal with encapsulation: 1. Driving jet grouting piles into the ground and using high-pressure water to spray and wash the encapsulation; 2. Excavating vertical shafts on the ground to remove the encapsulation; 3. Making an opening on the outside of the shield machine for manual excavation and cleaning; 4. Installing irregularly shaped sleeves on both sides of the shield machine for manual cleaning by personnel entering the sleeves; 5. Using a down-the-hole drill to create numerous holes on the ground to loosen the encapsulation around the shield shell. For example, Chinese invention patent CN111980717A discloses a method for treating grouting debris on the shield shell of a tunnel boring machine (TBM), including the following steps: 1. Stopping the TBM; 2. Drilling core samples with a geological drill to determine the extent of the grouting debris; 3. Backfilling the geological drill holes; 4. Marking the locations of down-the-hole drill holes; 5. Removing the grouting debris; 6. Backfilling the down-the-hole drill holes; 7. Determining whether the grouting debris has been removed; 8. Locally increasing the density of drill holes; 9. Repeating steps 5 to 7; 10. Resuming TBM tunneling. This method combines the aforementioned method of using a down-the-hole drill to loosen the debris around the shield shell through extensive drilling on the ground with the use of high-pressure water jetting to flush the debris from jet grouting piles. Current methods for treating grouting debris on TBMs have the following drawbacks:

[0003] 1. The method of using high-pressure water jetting to flush the inclusions with ground-driven jet grouting piles is only suitable for single strata. In complex strata, soft soil strata, and sandy layers, it causes significant disturbance, potentially leading to ground collapse and affecting surrounding safety. 2. The method of excavating shafts to remove the inclusions requires the absence of other buildings, pipelines, roads, etc., placing high demands on the surrounding environment. It also requires large shafts, resulting in long construction periods, high costs, and low efficiency. 3. The method of manually clearing the inclusions by tunneling through a pre-drilled hole on the outside is unsuitable for complex strata, soft soil strata, and sandy layers. The following methods are used: 1. **Pre-excavation reinforcement:** Pre-excavation reinforcement is required, and the reinforced material must reach a certain strength before further excavation can proceed. This method is time-consuming, costly, and carries significant construction risks. 2. **Manual cleaning:** Using irregularly shaped sleeves on both sides of the tunnel boring machine (TBM), with workers manually cleaning inside the sleeves, is similar to manual pile foundation excavation. It requires ventilation and drainage, and the working space is confined. 3. **Breaking extensively with down-the-hole drills on the ground to loosen the material surrounding the shield shell:** This method involves a large number of drill holes. In complex, soft, and sandy strata, vibration causes significant ground disturbance, potentially leading to ground collapse and affecting surrounding safety. It also has a long construction period. In summary, current methods either cause significant ground disturbance, have long construction periods, or require a large workforce for manual cleaning, all of which have their own drawbacks.

[0004] Therefore, we propose a device and method for treating the outer shell of a tunnel boring machine in composite strata to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and method for processing the outer shell of a tunnel boring machine in composite strata, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a shield tunneling machine outer shell encapsulation treatment device in composite strata, comprising a soil section, a shield tunneling machine, and an encapsulation body. The shield tunneling machine is disposed inside the soil section, and the outer side of the shield tunneling machine is encapsulated by the encapsulation body. Nine points are set on the top surface of the soil section, and nine steel casings are inserted into the soil section at the nine points. The bottom end of each steel casing passes through the encapsulation body and contacts the outer side of the shield tunneling machine. Each steel casing includes multiple sub-steel casings, which are welded together, and welds are provided between the outer sides of the multiple sub-steel casings.

[0007] A hammering device is provided on the top surface of the soil section. The hammering device includes a power chamber and a housing. The top of the housing is fixedly sleeved on the inner side of the bottom surface of the power chamber. An inner cavity is opened inside the housing. A first sleeve is vertically fixedly embedded on the bottom surface of the housing. A force-applying column is vertically slidably sleeved inside the first sleeve. A steel sheet pile is provided at the bottom end of the force-applying column. A hammering component is provided at the bottom end of the steel sheet pile.

[0008] The hammering assembly includes a cylinder with a cavity inside. A bottom opening is vertically formed at the bottom of the cylinder, and a hammering column is vertically slidably connected inside the bottom opening. A sleeve is fixedly connected to the top of the cavity, and the bottom of the sleeve has an open structure. A sliding plate is vertically slidably connected inside the sleeve, and an air spring is fixedly connected between the sliding plate and the top surface of the sleeve. The bottom surface of the sliding plate is fixedly connected to the top of the hammering column, and the bottom of the hammering column is located outside the bottom of the cylinder and fixedly connected to a hammering head. An insert block is fixedly connected to the top surface of the cylinder.

[0009] Preferably, the top surface of the air spring is fixedly connected to and connected to the bottom end of the injection pipe, the injection pipe is fixedly embedded in the top surface of the sleeve, the top surface of the cylinder and the inner side of the insert block, the top end of the injection pipe is fixedly connected to and connected to the air inlet head, and the top end of the injection pipe is fixedly connected to and connected to the valve at the position outside the insert block.

[0010] Preferably, multiple second supports are uniformly fixed to the inner sidewall of the cylinder cavity, and multiple third guide wheels are rotatably connected to the multiple second supports, with the multiple third guide wheels contacting the sidewall of the hammering column.

[0011] Preferably, the sheet pile includes multiple sub-steel pipes, which are welded together. The insert block is inserted into the inner side of the bottom end of the lowest sub-steel pipe. Multiple threaded through holes are horizontally opened at the bottom end of the sub-steel pipe. Multiple threaded holes are opened on the side wall of the insert block at the same horizontal position as the multiple threaded through holes. The threaded through holes and threaded holes are threadedly connected to locking bolts.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom end of the force-applying column has an annular groove, the top end of the sub-steel pipe at the top end is inserted into the annular groove, the bottom end of the force-applying column has a first through hole horizontally, the top end of the sub-steel pipe at the top end has a second through hole horizontally, a screw is inserted into the inner side of the first through hole and the second through hole, and two hexagonal nuts are threaded to both ends of the screw.

[0013] Preferably, the top of the force-applying column is fixedly fitted with a force-receiving plate, the force-receiving plate is vertically slidably connected to the inner side of the inner cavity, a power cavity is opened in the power compartment, the top of the housing is vertically fixedly embedded with a second sleeve, a power rod is vertically slidably fitted inside the second sleeve, the bottom end of the power rod is located in the inner cavity and fixedly connected to a power ramming block, the top end of the power rod is located in the inner side of the power cavity and fixedly connected to a hinge block, a gasoline engine is fixedly connected to one side of the power compartment, the rotating shaft end of the gasoline engine is located in the power cavity and fixedly connected to one end of the drive rod, the other end of the drive rod is rotatably connected to one end of a connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to a hinge block.

[0014] Preferably, four sliders are horizontally fixed to the four sides of the force-bearing plate, and four side sliding grooves are vertically opened on the four sides of the inner cavity. The four sliders are vertically slidably connected to the inner side of the four side sliding grooves. A guide rail is fixed to the side wall of the side sliding groove. A grooved wheel is rotatably connected to the end of the slider. The grooved wheel is rotatably connected to the guide rail. A return spring is fixed between the slider and the bottom of the side sliding groove.

[0015] Preferably, the inner wall of the first sleeve has multiple slots, and multiple second guide wheels are rotatably connected in the slots. The second guide wheels contact the side wall of the force-applying column. Multiple first brackets are fixed to the inner wall of the second sleeve. The ends of the first brackets are rotatably connected to the first guide wheels. Multiple side wheel grooves are vertically opened on the periphery of the power rod, and the first guide wheels are tumbled and connected to the side wheel grooves.

[0016] Preferably, two vertical plates are fixed to both sides of the casing, and two fixing plates are horizontally fixed to the bottom ends of the two vertical plates. A pad is provided between the fixing plate and the top surface of the soil part, and a clamping part is fixed to the outside of the casing.

[0017] This invention also provides a device and method for treating the outer shell of a tunnel boring machine in composite strata, comprising the following steps:

[0018] Step 1 Construction Preparation: When the tunnel boring machine advances to a point where the jack travels more than 1800mm, ensure that the edge of the previous ring segment is flush with the position of the tail reinforcement. At this point, the construction environment is ready and construction can proceed.

[0019] Step 2: Determine the scope of the package: Using a 12-hour clock as a reference, fix the magnetic drill vertically to the shield tail steel plate at the 2 o'clock, 5 o'clock, 7 o'clock, 10 o'clock and 12 o'clock positions respectively, and carry out drilling work. Stop drilling when the shield tail steel plate is penetrated. Use a steel pipe to drive into the drilling position to extract the core. Determine the scope of the package based on the amount of core extracted.

[0020] Step 3: Determine the locations: Based on the circumferential angle of the encapsulation, deploy nine locations in a 3×3 array within the ground shield machine's range, covering the front shield, middle shield, and tail shield positions of the shield machine;

[0021] Step 4: Install steel casing: Use a sheet pile driver to vertically press the steel casing down to below the strongly weathered strata at nine locations to ensure that it passes through water-rich strata, soft strata, sand layers and other strata with poor self-stability.

[0022] Step 5: Milling and cleaning the hole: Use an anchor drilling machine to mill the hole in the steel casing and remove the sediment from the hole. Then, inject thick grout into the hole in the steel casing to fill it with 1-2m of grout.

[0023] Step 6: Press down the hammer head: Use the construction machinery arm to place the hammering equipment in the position of the steel casing, so that the steel sheet pile and hammering component in the hammering equipment are pressed down along the inside of the steel casing hole. When the hammering component contacts the shield machine shell, lift the steel sheet pile 2cm. Then, place the pad between the fixing plate and the soil part, and fix the hammering equipment. Complete the fixing of nine hammering devices in sequence.

[0024] Step 7: Cyclic hammering operation: Before the tunnel boring machine resumes tunneling, the sheet piles on the hammering equipment at the nine points move back and forth along the longitudinal direction of the sheet piles, and the hammering components are used to hammer the outer shell of the tunnel boring machine for 1 minute. During the ring tunneling process, the tunnel boring machine stops every 100mm when the jack travels forward, and the hammering equipment at the nine points repeats the hammering work for 1 minute.

[0025] Step 8 Grouting and Filling: After the ring tunneling is completed, the gaps behind the tunnel segments are filled by using the shield machine's synchronous grouting system and the segment opening grouting.

[0026] Step Nine: Remove the steel casing: After the tunnel boring machine has passed through all the points, the hammering equipment is removed. Then the steel casing is pulled out section by section. When each section of the steel casing is pulled out, plain concrete is poured into the hole to fill it. This continues until the last section of the steel casing is pulled out and backfilled with dense concrete, and then the original ground surface is restored.

[0027] Step 10: Parameter Judgment: After the tunnel boring machine (TBM) has passed through all the designated areas, the thrust, speed, zone propulsion hydraulic pressure control, and articulation pressure of the TBM are analyzed to determine whether the tunneling is controllable and whether the TBM's attitude is controllable. If all the above parameters are controllable, it proves that the encasing material of the TBM's outer shell has been removed and the TBM can proceed with normal tunneling. If the above parameters are not met, the designated points are determined along the subsequent tunneling route of the TBM, and two additional columns of points are added to the original 3×3 array of points. The construction work of steps four to nine continues until the parameters are controllable.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0029] This invention uses a steel casing to isolate the geological conditions at the construction site from the surrounding environment. This reduces disturbance to the surrounding strata and minimizes stratum loss during hammering and vibration operations in weak strata and sand layers within composite geological formations, ensuring the safety of the surrounding environment. Furthermore, the use of mechanical construction methods reduces the number of personnel required, and the steel casing construction significantly improves efficiency and saves time compared to vertical shaft excavation. In the hammering assembly of this invention, an air spring is installed between the hammering column and the casing for buffering. The rigidity of the air spring can be adjusted according to the thickness and viscosity of the slurry at the hammering location, providing appropriate buffering force to avoid damaging the shield machine's outer shell when the hammering force is sufficient. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 These are schematic diagrams of the main structure in the first and second embodiments of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 These are schematic diagrams of the hammering device in the first and second embodiments of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3These are schematic diagrams of the cross-sectional structure of the hammering device in the first and second embodiments of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 These are schematic diagrams of the cross-sectional structure of the hammering component in the first and second embodiments of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram of point A in the middle;

[0035] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram of section B in the middle;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at the first sleeve in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at the second sleeve in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the construction process in the third embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] In the diagram: 1. Soil section; 2. Tunnel boring machine (TBM); 3. Enclosure; 4. Hammering equipment; 5. Steel casing; 11. Point; 12. Pad block; 41. Power chamber; 42. Casing; 43. Power cavity; 44. Inner cavity; 45. Hammering assembly; 46. Sheet pile; 47. Load-bearing plate; 48. Force-applying column; 49. First casing; 410. Second casing; 411. Power rod; 412. Gasoline engine; 413. Drive rod; 414. Connecting rod; 415. Hinge block; 416. Power ramming block; 417. Side wheel groove; 418. First support; 419. First guide wheel; 420. Side sliding groove; 421. Guide rail; 422. Slider; 423. Grooved wheel; 424. Return spring; 425. Groove opening ; 426, Second guide wheel; 427, Annular groove; 428, First through hole; 429, Screw; 430, Hexagonal nut; 431, Vertical plate; 432, Fixing plate; 434, Clamping part; 451, Cylinder; 452, Cylinder cavity; 453, Bottom opening; 454, Hammering column; 455, Hammering head; 456, Sleeve; 457, Slide plate; 458, Air spring; 459, Insert block; 4510, Injection pipe; 4511, Air inlet head; 4512, Valve; 4513, Second bracket; 4514, Third guide wheel; 4515, Threaded hole; 461, Sub-steel pipe; 463, Threaded through hole; 464, Locking bolt; 465, Second through hole; 51, Sub-steel cylinder; 52, Weld. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] Example 1:

[0042] Please see Figure 1-4 The present invention provides a technical solution: a shield machine outer shell encapsulation treatment device in composite strata, comprising a soil section 1, a shield machine 2, and an encapsulation body 3. The shield machine 2 is located inside the soil section 1, and the outer side of the shield machine 2 is encapsulated by the encapsulation body 3. Nine points 11 are set on the top surface of the soil section 1, and nine steel casings 5 ​​are inserted into the soil section 1 at the nine points 11. The bottom end of the steel casing 5 passes through the encapsulation body 3 and contacts the outer side of the shield machine 2. The steel casing 5 includes multiple sub-steel cylinders 51, which are welded together. Welds 52 are set between the outer sides of the multiple sub-steel cylinders 51. The steel casings 5 ​​isolate the geological conditions at the construction site from the outside. In this way, during the hammer vibration operation in the weak strata and sand layers in the composite strata, the disturbance to the surrounding strata is reduced, the strata loss is reduced, and the safety of the surrounding environment is ensured.

[0043] A hammering device 4 is installed on the top surface of the soil section 1. The hammering device 4 includes a power chamber 41 and a housing 42. The top of the housing 42 is fixedly sleeved on the inner side of the bottom surface of the power chamber 41. An inner cavity 44 is opened inside the housing 42. A first sleeve 49 is vertically fixedly embedded in the bottom surface of the housing 42. A force-applying column 48 is vertically slidably sleeved inside the first sleeve 49. A steel sheet pile 46 is installed at the bottom end of the force-applying column 48. A hammering component 45 is installed at the bottom end of the steel sheet pile 46.

[0044] The hammering assembly 45 includes a cylinder 451, a cavity 452 inside the cylinder 451, a bottom opening 453 vertically opened at the bottom end of the cylinder 451, a hammering column 454 vertically slidably connected inside the bottom opening 453, a sleeve 456 fixedly connected to the top end of the cavity 452, the bottom end of the sleeve 456 being open, a sliding plate 457 vertically slidably connected inside the sleeve 456, an air spring 458 fixedly connected between the sliding plate 457 and the top surface of the sleeve 456, and a sliding plate 458 fixedly connected to the top end of the hammering column 454. The bottom of the plate 457 is connected to the bottom of the hammer column 454, which is located on the outside of the bottom of the cylinder 451 and is fixed to the hammer head 455. The top surface of the cylinder 451 is fixed to the insert block 459. The hammer assembly 45 is used to hammer the outer shell of the tunnel boring machine 2. An air spring 458 is set between the hammer column 454 and the cylinder 451 for buffering to avoid damage to the outer shell of the tunnel boring machine 2. The rigidity of the air spring 458 can be adjusted according to the viscosity of the slurry at the hammering part to ensure sufficient hammering force.

[0045] Example 2:

[0046] Please see Figure 1-8 This is the second embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is based on the previous embodiment. The bottom end of the injection pipe 4510 is fixedly connected to the center of the top surface of the air spring 458. The injection pipe 4510 is fixedly embedded in the top surface of the sleeve 456, the top surface of the cylinder 451, and the inner side of the insert block 459. The top end of the injection pipe 4510 is fixedly connected to the air inlet head 4511. The top end of the injection pipe 4510 is located outside the insert block 459 and is fixedly connected to the valve 4512. The rigidity of the air spring 458 is adjusted by injecting air through the injection pipe 4510.

[0047] Multiple second supports 4513 are uniformly fixed to the inner wall of the cylinder 452. Multiple third guide wheels 4514 are rotatably connected to the multiple second supports 4513 respectively, and the multiple third guide wheels 4514 contact the side wall of the hammer column 454.

[0048] The sheet pile 46 includes multiple sub-steel pipes 461, which are welded together. An insert block 459 is inserted into the inner side of the bottom end of the lowest sub-steel pipe 461. Multiple threaded through holes 463 are horizontally opened at the bottom end of the sub-steel pipe 461. Multiple threaded holes 4515 are opened on the side wall of the insert block 459 at the same horizontal position as the multiple threaded through holes 463. The threaded through holes 463 and threaded holes 4515 are threadedly connected to locking bolts 464.

[0049] A ring groove 427 is opened at the bottom of the force-applying column 48, and the top of the sub-steel pipe 461 located at the top is inserted into the ring groove 427. A first through hole 428 is opened horizontally at the bottom of the force-applying column 48, and a second through hole 465 is opened horizontally at the top of the sub-steel pipe 461 located at the top. A screw rod 429 is inserted into the inner side of the first through hole 428 and the second through hole 465. Two hexagonal nuts 430 are threaded to both ends of the screw rod 429, which facilitates the connection of the sheet pile 46 with the hammering assembly 45 and the force-applying column 48.

[0050] The top of the force-applying column 48 is fixedly fitted with a force-receiving plate 47, which is vertically slidably connected to the inner side of the inner cavity 44. A power cavity 43 is opened in the power compartment 41. The top of the housing 42 is vertically fixedly embedded with a second sleeve 410. A power rod 411 is vertically slidably fitted inside the second sleeve 410. The bottom end of the power rod 411 is located in the inner cavity 44 and fixedly connected with a power ramming block 416. The top end of the power rod 411 is located in the inner side of the power cavity 43 and fixedly connected with a hinge block 415. A gasoline engine 412 is fixedly connected to one side of the power compartment 41. The rotating shaft end of the gasoline engine 412 is located in the power cavity 43 and fixedly connected to one end of the drive rod 413. The other end of the drive rod 413 is rotatably connected to one end of a connecting rod 414. The other end of the connecting rod 414 is rotatably connected to the hinge block 415. The gasoline engine 412 drives the drive rod 413 to rotate, thereby causing the power rod 411 to move vertically back and forth, applying force to the force-receiving plate 47.

[0051] Four sliders 422 are horizontally fixed to the four sides of the force plate 47. Four side sliding grooves 420 are vertically opened on the four sides of the inner cavity 44. The four sliders 422 are vertically slidably connected to the inner side of the four side sliding grooves 420. The side wall of the side sliding groove 420 is fixed to the guide rail 421. The end of the slider 422 is rotatably connected to the groove wheel 423. The groove wheel 423 is slidably connected to the guide rail 421. The return spring 424 is fixed between the slider 422 and the bottom of the side sliding groove 420. After the force plate 47 is subjected to force, it will move downward. The inertia will drive the hammer assembly 45 to move downward to perform hammering. After being reset by the return spring 424, the next hammering will be performed.

[0052] Multiple slots 425 are opened on the inner side wall of the first sleeve 49. Multiple second guide wheels 426 are rotatably connected in the slots 425. The second guide wheels 426 contact the side wall of the force-applying column 48. Multiple first brackets 418 are fixed to the inner side wall of the second sleeve 410. The end of the first bracket 418 is rotatably connected to the first guide wheel 419. Multiple side wheel grooves 417 are vertically opened on the periphery of the power rod 411. The first guide wheel 419 is tumbled to the side wheel grooves 417.

[0053] Two vertical plates 431 are fixed to both sides of the casing 42, and two fixing plates 432 are fixed horizontally to the bottom of the two vertical plates 431. A pad 12 is provided between the fixing plate 432 and the top surface of the soil part 1. A clamping part 434 is fixed to the outside of the casing 42. The clamping part 434 is used to move the hammering equipment 4 using construction tools.

[0054] Example 3:

[0055] Please see Figure 9 This is the third embodiment of the present invention, which is based on the above two embodiments. This embodiment provides a device and method for treating the outer shell of a tunnel boring machine in composite strata, including the following steps:

[0056] Step 1 Construction Preparation: When the tunnel boring machine 2 advances to a jack stroke of more than 1800mm, ensure that the edge of the previous ring segment is flush with the position of the tail reinforcement. At this time, the construction environment is met and construction can proceed.

[0057] Step 2: Determine the scope of the encapsulation: Using a 12-hour clock as a reference, fix the magnetic drill vertically to the shield tail steel plate at the 2 o'clock, 5 o'clock, 7 o'clock, 10 o'clock and 12 o'clock positions respectively, and carry out drilling work. Stop drilling when the shield tail steel plate is penetrated. Use a steel pipe to drive into the drilling position to extract the core. Determine the encapsulation scope of encapsulation 3 based on the amount of core extracted.

[0058] Step 3: Determine the locations: Based on the circumferential angle of the package 3, deploy nine locations 11 in a 3×3 array within the ground shield machine 2, covering the front shield, middle shield, and tail shield positions of the shield machine 2.

[0059] Step 4: Install steel casing: Use a sheet pile driver to vertically press the steel casing 5 down into the strongly weathered strata at nine points (11 locations) to ensure that it passes through water-rich strata, soft strata, sand layers and other strata with poor self-stability. The steel casing 5 is made by welding multiple sub-steel casings 51 together, and then welding 4 steel bars with a length of 20cm or more and φ16 or more on the outside of the welding position for reinforcement.

[0060] Step 5: Milling and cleaning the holes: Use an anchor drilling rig to mill the holes in the steel casing 5 and remove the sediment from the holes. This is to ensure that the hammer assembly 45 can directly contact the outer shell of the tunnel boring machine 2 during subsequent hammering vibration. Thick grout is then injected into the holes in the steel casing 5 to fill them. The thick grout filling height is 1-2m. The viscosity of the thick grout is controlled, and the actual mix ratio is prepared on site. This treatment is to prevent pressure relief in the soil chamber of the tunnel boring machine 2.

[0061] Step 6: Press down the hammer head: Use the construction machinery arm to place the hammering device 4 at the position of the steel casing 5, so that the steel sheet pile 46 and the hammering component 45 in the hammering device 4 are pressed down along the hole in the steel casing 5. When the hammering component 45 contacts the outer shell of the shield machine 2, the steel sheet pile 46 is lifted by 2cm. Then, a pad 12 is placed between the fixing plate 432 and the soil part 1, and the hammering device 4 is fixed. The fixing of nine hammering devices 4 is completed in sequence.

[0062] Step 7 Cyclic hammering operation: Before the tunnel boring machine 2 resumes tunneling, the sheet piles 46 on the hammering equipment 4 at the nine points 11 all move back and forth along the longitudinal direction of the sheet piles 46, and use the hammering assembly 45 to hammer the outer shell of the tunnel boring machine 2. The hammering time is 1 minute. During the ring tunneling process, the tunnel boring machine 2 stops every 100mm when the jack travels forward, and the hammering equipment 4 at the nine points 11 repeats the hammering work. The hammering time is 1 minute.

[0063] Step 8 Grouting and Filling: After the ring tunneling is completed, the gaps behind the tunnel segments are filled by using the synchronous grouting system of the shield machine 2 and the segment opening grouting.

[0064] Step 9: Remove the steel casing: After the tunnel boring machine 2 has passed all points 11, the hammering equipment 4 is pulled out. Then the steel casing 5 is pulled out section by section. When each sub-steel casing 51 is pulled out, plain concrete is poured into the hole to fill it. This continues until the last sub-steel casing 51 is pulled out and backfilled with dense concrete, and the original ground surface is restored.

[0065] Step 10: Parameter Judgment: After the tunnel boring machine 2 passes through all points 11, the thrust, speed, zone propulsion hydraulic pressure control, articulation pressure, etc. of the tunnel boring machine 2 are analyzed to determine whether the tunneling is controllable and whether the attitude of the tunnel boring machine 2 is controllable. If the above parameters are all controllable, it proves that the outer shell 3 of the tunnel boring machine 2 has been removed and the tunnel boring machine 2 can tunnel normally. If the above parameters are not satisfied, the points 11 are determined along the subsequent tunneling line of the tunnel boring machine 2, and two columns of points 11 are added to the original 3×3 array of points 11. The construction work of steps four to nine continues until the parameters are controllable.

[0066] Example 4:

[0067] Please see Figure 1-9This is the fourth embodiment of the present invention, based on the above three embodiments. The present invention is carried out according to the following steps: Construction preparation: When the tunnel boring machine 2 advances to a jack stroke of more than 1800mm, ensure that the edge of the previous ring segment is flush with the position of the tail reinforcement. At this time, the construction environment is met and construction can proceed; Determining the scope of the inclusion: Using a 12-hour clock as a reference, fix the magnetic drill perpendicularly to the tail steel plate at the 2 o'clock, 5 o'clock, 7 o'clock, 10 o'clock and 12 o'clock positions respectively, and carry out drilling work. Stop drilling when the tail steel plate is penetrated. Use a steel pipe to drive into the drilling position to extract the core. Determine the inclusion based on the amount of core extracted. 3. Enclosure range; Point location determination: Based on the circumferential angle of the enclosure 3, nine points 11 are arranged in a 3×3 array within the ground shield machine 2, covering the front shield, middle shield, and tail shield positions of the shield machine 2; Steel casing installation: At the nine points 11, steel sheet pile drivers are used to vertically press the steel casing 5 down to below the strongly weathered strata, ensuring passage through water-rich strata, soft strata, sand layers, and other strata with poor self-stability; Milling and cleaning: An anchor drilling rig is used to mill the hole inside the steel casing 5 and remove the sediment from the hole, and thick grout is injected into the hole of the steel casing 5 to fill it with grout to a height of 1-2m; Pressing down the hammer head: Using a construction machinery robotic arm The hammering device 4 is placed at the position of the steel casing 5, so that the sheet piles 46 and the hammering assembly 45 in the hammering device 4 are pressed down along the hole in the steel casing 5. When the hammering assembly 45 contacts the outer shell of the tunnel boring machine 2, the sheet piles 46 are lifted by 2cm. Then, the pad block 12 is placed between the fixing plate 432 and the soil part 1, and the hammering device 4 is fixed. The fixing of the nine hammering devices 4 is completed in sequence. Cyclic hammering operation: Before the tunnel boring machine 2 resumes tunneling, the sheet piles 46 on the hammering devices 4 at the nine points 11 all move back and forth along the longitudinal direction of the sheet piles 46, and the hammering assembly 45 is used to hammer the outer shell of the tunnel boring machine 2. The hammering time is 1 minute. During the tunneling process, the tunnel boring machine 2 stops every 100mm when the jack travels forward, and the hammering equipment 4 at nine points 11 repeats the hammering work for 1 minute. Grouting: After the ring tunneling is completed, the gaps behind the tunnel segments are filled by using the synchronous grouting system of the tunnel boring machine 2 and the grouting through the segment openings. Removal of steel casing: After the tunnel boring machine 2 passes through all points 11, the hammering equipment 4 is removed, and then the steel casing 5 is pulled out section by section. When each sub-steel casing 51 is pulled out, plain concrete is poured into the hole simultaneously for filling, until the last sub-steel casing 51 is pulled out and backfilled with dense concrete, and the original ground surface is restored.Parameter assessment: After the tunnel boring machine 2 passes through all points 11, the thrust, speed, zone propulsion hydraulic pressure control, and articulation pressure of the tunnel boring machine 2 are analyzed to determine whether the tunneling is controllable and whether the attitude of the tunnel boring machine 2 is controllable. If the above parameters are all controllable, it proves that the outer casing 3 of the tunnel boring machine 2 has been removed, allowing the tunnel boring machine 2 to tunnel normally. If the above parameters are not met, points 11 are determined along the subsequent tunneling route of the tunnel boring machine 2, and two rows of points 11 are added to the original 3×3 array of points 11. Steps four to nine are continued until the parameters are controllable. This invention uses a steel casing 5 to isolate the geological conditions at the construction site from the outside, thus ensuring that the tunneling is safe and efficient. During the hammering vibration operation in the soft strata and sand layers of the geological formation, the disturbance to the surrounding strata is reduced, the strata loss is minimized, and the safety of the surrounding environment is ensured. Furthermore, the use of mechanical construction methods requires less manpower, and the use of steel casing 5 significantly improves efficiency and saves construction time compared to vertical shaft excavation. In the hammering assembly 45 used for hammering, an air spring 458 is installed between the hammering column 454 and the casing 451 for buffering. The rigidity of the air spring 458 can be adjusted according to the thickness and viscosity of the slurry at the hammering location, providing appropriate buffering force to avoid damage to the outer shell of the tunnel boring machine 2 when the hammering force is sufficient.

[0068] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for treating the outer shell of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) in a composite stratum, comprising a soil section (1), a TBM (2), and an outer shell (3), wherein the TBM (2) is disposed inside the soil section (1), and the outer shell (3) is wrapped around the outside of the TBM (2), characterized in that: Nine points (11) are set on the top surface of the soil section (1). Nine steel casings (5) are inserted into the soil section (1) at the nine points (11). The bottom end of the steel casing (5) passes through the wrapping body (3) and contacts the outside of the shield machine (2). The steel casing (5) includes multiple sub-steel casings (51). The multiple sub-steel casings (51) are welded to each other. Welds (52) are provided between the outer sides of the multiple sub-steel casings (51). The top surface of the soil section (1) is provided with a hammering device (4), which includes a power chamber (41) and a housing (42). The top of the housing (42) is fixedly sleeved on the inner side of the bottom surface of the power chamber (41). An inner cavity (44) is opened inside the housing (42). A first sleeve (49) is vertically fixedly embedded in the bottom surface of the housing (42). A force-applying column (48) is vertically slidably sleeved inside the first sleeve (49). A steel sheet pile (46) is provided at the bottom end of the force-applying column (48). A hammering assembly (45) is provided at the bottom end of the steel sheet pile (46). The hammering assembly (45) includes a cylindrical body (451), a cylindrical cavity (452) is opened inside the cylindrical body (451), a bottom opening (453) is vertically opened at the bottom end of the cylindrical body (451), a hammering column (454) is vertically slidably connected inside the bottom opening (453), a sleeve (456) is fixedly connected to the top end of the cylindrical cavity (452), the bottom end of the sleeve (456) is an open structure, a sliding plate (457) is vertically slidably connected inside the sleeve (456), an air spring (458) is fixedly connected between the sliding plate (457) and the top surface of the sleeve (456), the bottom surface of the sliding plate (457) is fixedly connected to the top end of the hammering column (454), the bottom end of the hammering column (454) is located outside the bottom end of the cylindrical body (451) and a hammering head (455) is fixedly connected, and an insert block (459) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the cylindrical body (451).

2. The shield tunneling machine outer shell encapsulation treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top center of the air spring (458) is fixedly connected to and connected to the bottom end of the injection pipe (4510). The injection pipe (4510) is fixedly embedded in the top surface of the sleeve (456), the top surface of the cylinder (451), and the inner side of the insert block (459). The top end of the injection pipe (4510) is fixedly connected to and connected to the air inlet head (4511). The top end of the injection pipe (4510) is located outside the insert block (459) and fixedly connected to and connected to the valve (4512).

3. The shield tunneling machine outer shell encapsulation treatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Multiple second supports (4513) are uniformly fixed to the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity (452), and multiple third guide wheels (4514) are rotatably connected to the multiple second supports (4513), and the multiple third guide wheels (4514) contact the side wall of the hammering column (454).

4. The shield tunneling machine outer shell encapsulation treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sheet pile (46) includes multiple sub-steel pipes (461), which are welded together. The insert (459) is inserted into the inner side of the bottom end of the lowest sub-steel pipe (461). Multiple threaded through holes (463) are opened horizontally at the bottom end of the sub-steel pipe (461). Multiple threaded holes (4515) are opened on the side wall of the insert (459) at the same horizontal position as the multiple threaded through holes (463). The threaded through holes (463) and threaded holes (4515) are threadedly connected to locking bolts (464).

5. The shield tunneling machine outer shell encapsulation treatment device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom end of the force-applying column (48) is provided with an annular groove (427), and the top end of the sub-steel pipe (461) located at the top end is inserted into the annular groove (427). The bottom end of the force-applying column (48) is provided with a first through hole (428), and the top end of the sub-steel pipe (461) is provided with a second through hole (465). The first through hole (428) and the second through hole (465) are connected to the inner side of the screw rod (429), and the two ends of the screw rod (429) are respectively threaded with two hexagonal nuts (430).

6. The shield tunneling machine outer shell encapsulation treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the force-applying column (48) is fixedly fitted with a force-receiving plate (47), and the force-receiving plate (47) is vertically slidably connected to the inner side of the inner cavity (44). A power cavity (43) is opened in the power compartment (41). The top of the housing (42) is vertically fixedly fitted with a second sleeve (410). A power rod (411) is vertically slidably fitted inside the second sleeve (410). The bottom end of the power rod (411) is located in the inner cavity (44) and fixedly connected with a power ramming block (416). The top end of the power rod (411) is located in the inner side of the power cavity (43) and fixedly connected with a hinge block (415). A gasoline engine (412) is fixedly connected to one side of the power compartment (41). The rotating shaft end of the gasoline engine (412) is located in the power cavity (43) and fixedly connected to one end of the active rod (413). The other end of the active rod (413) is rotatably connected to one end of a connecting rod (414). The other end of the connecting rod (414) is rotatably connected to the hinge block (415).

7. The shield tunneling machine outer shell encapsulation treatment device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The force plate (47) has four horizontally fixed sliders (422) on its four sides respectively. The inner cavity (44) has four vertically opened side sliding grooves (420) on its four sides respectively. The four sliders (422) are vertically slidably connected to the inside of the four side sliding grooves (420). The side wall of the side sliding groove (420) is fixedly connected to the guide rail (421). The end of the slider (422) is rotatably connected to the groove wheel (423). The groove wheel (423) is slidably connected to the guide rail (421). The slider (422) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the side sliding groove (420) with a return spring (424).

8. The shield tunneling machine outer shell encapsulation treatment device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inner wall of the first sleeve (49) has multiple slots (425), and multiple second guide wheels (426) are rotatably connected in the slots (425). The second guide wheels (426) contact the side wall of the force-applying column (48). The inner wall of the second sleeve (410) is fixed with multiple first brackets (418). The end of the first bracket (418) is rotatably connected to the first guide wheel (419). The power rod (411) has multiple side wheel grooves (417) vertically opened on its periphery. The first guide wheel (419) is tumbledly connected to the side wheel grooves (417).

9. The shield tunneling machine outer shell encapsulation treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two vertical plates (431) are fixed to both sides of the casing (42), and two fixing plates (432) are fixed horizontally to the bottom of the two vertical plates (431). A pad (12) is provided between the fixing plate (432) and the top surface of the soil part (1). A clamping part (434) is fixed to the outside of the casing (42).

10. A method for processing the shield tunneling machine outer shell encapsulation body in a composite stratum using the device described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1 Construction Preparation: When the tunnel boring machine (2) advances to a stroke of more than 1800mm, ensure that the edge of the upper ring segment is flush with the position of the tail reinforcement. At this time, the construction environment can be met and construction can be carried out. Step 2: Determine the scope of the package: Using a 12-hour clock as a reference, fix the magnetic drill vertically to the shield tail steel plate at the 2 o'clock, 5 o'clock, 7 o'clock, 10 o'clock and 12 o'clock positions respectively, carry out drilling work, stop when the shield tail steel plate is drilled through, use a steel pipe to drive into the drilling position to extract the core, and determine the scope of the package (3) based on the amount of core extracted. Step 3: Determine the locations: Based on the circumferential angle of the package (3), nine locations (11) are arranged in a 3×3 array within the ground shield machine (2) to cover the front shield, middle shield and tail shield positions of the shield machine (2); Step 4: Install steel casing: Use a sheet pile driver to vertically press the steel casing (5) down to below the strongly weathered stratum at nine points (11) to ensure that it passes through water-rich strata, soft strata, and strata with poor self-stability of sand layers; Step 5: Milling and cleaning the hole: Use an anchor drilling machine to mill the hole in the steel casing (5) and remove the sediment from the hole. Then, inject thick slurry into the hole of the steel casing (5) to fill it with a height of 1-2m. Step 6: Press down the hammer head: Use the construction machinery arm to place the hammering device (4) in the position of the steel casing (5), so that the steel sheet pile (46) and hammering component (45) in the hammering device (4) are pressed down along the hole in the steel casing (5). When the hammering component (45) contacts the outer shell of the shield machine (2), the steel sheet pile (46) is lifted by 2cm. Then, a pad (12) is placed between the fixing plate (432) of the hammering device (4) and the soil part (1), and the hammering device (4) is fixed. The fixing of nine hammering devices (4) is completed in sequence. Step 7 Cyclic hammering operation: Before the tunnel boring machine (2) resumes tunneling, the sheet piles (46) on the hammering equipment (4) at the nine points (11) move back and forth along the longitudinal direction of the sheet piles (46) and use the hammering components (45) to hammer the outer shell of the tunnel boring machine (2). The hammering time is 1 minute. During the ring tunneling process, the tunnel boring machine (2) stops every 100mm when the jack travels forward. The hammering equipment (4) at the nine points (11) repeats the hammering work. The hammering time is 1 minute. Step 8 Grouting and Filling: After the ring excavation is completed, the gaps behind the tunnel segments are filled by using the synchronous grouting system of the shield machine (2) and the grouting through the opening of the tunnel segments; Step 9: Remove the steel casing: After the tunnel boring machine (2) passes through all the points (11) areas, pull out the hammering equipment (4), and then pull out the steel casing (5) section by section. When each sub-steel casing (51) is pulled out, plain concrete is poured into the hole to fill it until the last sub-steel casing (51) is pulled out and backfilled with dense concrete, and then the original ground is restored. Step 10: Parameter judgment: After the shield machine (2) passes through all the points (11) areas, the thrust, speed, zone propulsion oil pressure control, and articulation pressure of the shield machine (2) are judged to determine whether the tunneling is controllable and whether the attitude of the shield machine (2) is controllable. If the above parameters are all controllable, it proves that the outer shell (3) of the shield machine (2) has been cleared and the shield machine (2) can tunnel normally. If the above parameters are not satisfied, the points (11) are determined along the subsequent tunneling line of the shield machine (2), and two columns of points (11) are added to the original 3×3 array points (11). The construction work of steps four to nine continues until the parameters are controllable.

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