A method and system for recycling waste photovoltaic modules

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of waste photovoltaic module recycling processing method and system, its method includes the following steps: step (1), using accurate disassembly method to accurately disassemble waste photovoltaic module, obtain to be separated laminated piece;Step (2), to be separated laminated piece is separated initially and removes toughened glass plate, obtains cell piece solder strip mixture;Step (3), cell piece solder strip mixture is crushed, and the silicon powder generated in the crushing process is collected, to obtain mixed crushed material A;Step (4), the morphology of mixed crushed material A is regulated, to obtain mixed crushed material B;Step (5), mixed crushed material B is sorted and separated using collaborative separation method, to obtain silver powder, polymer particles and solder strip particles.The application can solve the problems of existing waste photovoltaic module recycling process, such as a large amount of waste liquid, complex process, not suitable for large-scale application, and still being a mixture of materials after recycling, which is difficult to utilize.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic module recycling technology. Specifically, it relates to a method and system for recycling and processing waste photovoltaic modules. Background Technology

[0002] The recycling of waste photovoltaic (PV) cells mainly includes physical methods, chemical methods, and physical-chemical coupling methods. Physical methods include fine dismantling, mechanical processing, and electrical pulses; chemical methods include thermal treatment and dissolution; physical-chemical coupling methods first crush the PV panels and then use chemicals to remove the plastic, recovering the glass and silicon wafers, or use heating to detach the plastic parts and then use chemical soaking to recover the remaining materials, obtaining cells with higher integrity. Among these, the physical-chemical coupling method combines the advantages of different methods and has a high recovery rate of valuable components, attracting widespread attention. However, this method generates a large amount of waste liquid, causing secondary pollution to the environment. Currently, the bottleneck in PV panel recycling technology lies in achieving fine dismantling of PV panels. Only by fully dissociating components and decomposing units can material consumption be effectively saved and resource recycling efficiency improved.

[0003] CN114769291A discloses a method and system for recycling photovoltaic modules. The method involves cutting and grinding photovoltaic modules to screen for particles of a predetermined size. A Taylor reactor is used to separate the photovoltaic module particles using liquid nitrogen and liquid media, separating EVA particles, silica gel particles, mixed particles of glass and aluminum, and mixed metal particles. The EVA particles, silica gel particles, and mixed particles of glass and aluminum are then classified and recycled. A multi-stage cyclone separator is used to classify and recycle the mixed metal particles. This method is efficient and environmentally friendly for recycling photovoltaic modules, avoiding secondary environmental pollution. However, it yields a mixture of different types of materials, and cannot fully separate individual components.

[0004] CN115156265A discloses a method for separating and recycling waste photovoltaic modules based on a low-toxicity chemical method. The steps are as follows: removing the aluminum frame and junction box cables of the waste photovoltaic module to obtain the photovoltaic module; heating the backsheet of the photovoltaic module with hot air at 60-90℃, and peeling the backsheet off the photovoltaic module after the viscosity decreases; immersing the remaining photovoltaic module in cyclohexane reagent for ultrasonic treatment to obtain a solid-liquid mixture; filtering the above solid-liquid mixture to obtain a solid, and recovering the filtered cyclohexane liquid; washing the filtered solid with ethanol; filtering the above solid again; placing the filtered solid in a drying oven to dry to constant weight, and separating the glass, solder ribbons, and some EVA-attached silicon cells. This method is simple, efficient, low-energy, and low-toxicity. When the solid-liquid ratio of the remaining waste photovoltaic module to cyclohexane is 55 g / L, the highest separation efficiency can reach 96.58%, which has broad application prospects. However, the amount of chemical solvents used is too large and the reaction rate is very slow. At the same time, the waste liquid needs further treatment. If the process is not properly controlled, it will cause EVA or POE to expand excessively, which will lead to the crushing of solar cells. Therefore, large-scale application is difficult.

[0005] CN114951209A discloses a method for separating photovoltaic panel laminates. The method provided by this invention includes the following steps: Step 1, removing the module frame and back junction box using a mechanical removal process to obtain the laminate to be separated; Step 2, heating the obtained laminate to be separated until the encapsulating film softens; Step 3, separating the laminate to obtain separate glass; Step 4, removing the encapsulating film and solar cells from the separated glass to obtain clean glass and solar cells containing the encapsulating film; Step 5, removing the encapsulating film from the obtained solar cells containing the encapsulating film to obtain clean solar cells and solder ribbons. This method can effectively reduce the volume of material during pyrolysis removal of the encapsulating film, while also reducing energy consumption and improving material recovery rate. However, the high temperature and complex process make it unsuitable for large-scale industrial applications. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and system for recycling and processing waste photovoltaic modules, so as to solve the problems of generating a large amount of waste liquid, complex process unsuitable for large-scale application, and the fact that the recycled materials are still a mixture and difficult to utilize.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A method for recycling and processing waste photovoltaic modules includes the following steps:

[0009] Step (1): Use a precise disassembly method to precisely disassemble the waste photovoltaic modules to obtain the laminate to be separated;

[0010] Step (2): The laminate to be separated is initially separated (pyrolysis, photolysis or step separation) and the tempered glass plate is removed to obtain a battery cell-welded ribbon mixture;

[0011] Step (3): Crush the battery cell and ribbon mixture, collect the silicon powder generated during the crushing process, and obtain mixed crushed material A;

[0012] Step (4): Shape the mixed fragments A to obtain mixed fragments B;

[0013] Step (5): The mixed fragmented material B is sorted and separated using a synergistic separation method to obtain silver powder, polymer particles, and solder ribbon particles. The polymer particles obtained in this invention include TPT backsheet particles and EVA particles; when the laminate to be separated is initially separated using a pyrolysis method, it has already decomposed into short-chain polymer particles, so only a very small amount of polymer particles are produced; however, if the laminate to be separated is initially separated using a photolysis method and a step-by-step separation method, a large amount of TPT backsheet particles and EVA particles will be obtained.

[0014] In the above-mentioned waste photovoltaic module recycling and processing method, in step (1), after removing the aluminum frame and back junction box of the waste photovoltaic module using a precision dismantling device, the laminate to be separated is obtained.

[0015] In the above-mentioned waste photovoltaic module recycling and processing method, in step (2), the pyrolysis method is used to initially separate the laminate to be separated and remove the tempered glass plate. The method is as follows: the laminate to be separated is pyrolyzed at 550°C for 20 minutes, then air-cooled to 300°C, and then the tempered glass plate is separated by adsorption equipment to obtain a battery welding ribbon mixture with the tempered glass plate removed.

[0016] In the above-mentioned waste photovoltaic module recycling and processing method, in step (2), the photolysis method is used to initially separate the laminate to be separated and remove the tempered glass plate. The method is as follows: the light-transmitting surface of the laminate to be separated is placed under an excitation light source with a wavelength of 320-1100nm, photolysis is performed for 0.2-2h, and the tempered glass plate is separated by adsorption equipment to obtain a battery solder ribbon mixture with the tempered glass plate removed.

[0017] In the above-mentioned waste photovoltaic module recycling method, step (2) involves using a stepped separation method to initially separate the laminated components to be separated and remove the tempered glass plate. The method involves using stepped grinding to separate the laminated components by friction with different directional grinding wheels, thereby removing the tempered glass plate and obtaining a battery solder ribbon mixture with the tempered glass plate removed. This invention uses a high-speed triboelectric decomposition machine for stepped grinding separation. This high-speed triboelectric decomposition machine utilizes 4 to 8 sets of grinding wheels, and its rotation speed can reach 1000 to 3000 rpm.

[0018] In the above-mentioned waste photovoltaic module recycling and processing method, in step (3), the battery cell and welding strip mixture is first crushed to a size of 4-5cm, and then crushed to a size of 1-2cm.

[0019] In the above-mentioned waste photovoltaic module recycling and processing method, in step (4), the particle size of the mixed fragmented material B obtained after morphology adjustment is 1-5 mm.

[0020] In the above-mentioned waste photovoltaic module recycling and processing method, in step (3), the silicon powder generated during the crushing process is collected under negative pressure and pulse dust removal is performed at the same time; in step (4), pulse dust removal is performed during the morphology control process; in step (5), the mixed crushed material B is separated by wind classification and electric field coordinated separation method.

[0021] A waste photovoltaic module recycling and processing system is provided to implement the above-mentioned waste photovoltaic module recycling method. It includes a precision dismantling device for accurately dismantling waste photovoltaic modules, a tempered glass separation device for initially separating and removing tempered glass plates from the laminates to be separated, a crushing device for crushing the battery cell and solder ribbon mixture, a negative pressure collection device for collecting silicon powder, a morphology control device for controlling the morphology of mixed fragments A, and a sorting device for sorting mixed fragments B.

[0022] In the aforementioned waste photovoltaic module recycling and processing system, the laminated components to be separated output from the precision dismantling equipment are conveyed to the tempered glass plate separation equipment via a conveying device. The battery cell and solder ribbon mixture output from the tempered glass plate separation equipment is conveyed to the crushing equipment via a conveying device. The mixed crushed material A output from the crushing equipment is conveyed to the morphology control equipment via a conveying device. The mixed crushed material B output from the morphology control equipment is conveyed to the sorting equipment via a conveying device for sorting to obtain silver powder, polymer particles, and solder ribbon particles. The silicon powder inlet of the negative pressure collection equipment is fluidly connected to the silicon powder outlet of the crushing equipment.

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:

[0024] 1. The waste photovoltaic panel module recycling method of the present invention removes the aluminum frame by precise disassembly and separates the tempered glass plate by pyrolysis / photolysis / step-by-step separation; comprehensively controls the particle size and morphology of the crushed products by multi-stage crushing and morphology control to separate mixed particles of silver powder, polymer and solder ribbon; and separates and recycles the mixed particles by air classification / electric field co-sorting; the whole process significantly shortens the resource recycling path, avoids the use of chemical reagents from the source, and reduces secondary pollution.

[0025] 2. This invention uses a precise disassembly method to achieve intelligent identification and disassembly of photovoltaic modules / junction boxes, effectively improving their identification and separation efficiency; it uses pyrolysis / photolysis / step-by-step separation methods to separate or remove tempered glass plates, wherein pyrolysis and photolysis methods effectively reduce EVA viscosity, and then complete tempered glass plates are obtained through adsorption separation; step-by-step separation uses the frictional force of multiple sets of non-directional blades to grind away and collect tempered glass particles layer by layer; it uses morphology control equipment to directionally control the morphology of the crushed product particles, ensuring the full dissociation of each component material, which facilitates subsequent separation operations. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of the waste photovoltaic module recycling and processing method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] Example 1

[0028] The method for recycling and processing waste photovoltaic modules in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0029] Step (1): Use a precision dismantling method to precisely dismantle the waste photovoltaic modules to obtain the laminate to be separated; after removing the aluminum frame and back junction box of the waste photovoltaic modules using precision dismantling equipment, the laminate to be separated is obtained.

[0030] Step (2): The laminate to be separated is initially separated and the tempered glass plate is removed to obtain a battery cell ribbon mixture. In this embodiment, the pyrolysis method is used to initially separate the laminate to be separated and remove the tempered glass plate. The method is as follows: the laminate to be separated is pyrolyzed at 550°C for 20 minutes, then air-cooled to 300°C, and the tempered glass plate is separated by adsorption using an adsorption device to obtain a battery ribbon mixture with the tempered glass plate removed.

[0031] Step (3): Crush the battery cell welding ribbon mixture and collect the silicon powder generated during the crushing process to obtain mixed crushed material A; firstly, perform primary crushing to shred the battery cell welding ribbon mixture into coarse particles with a particle size of 4-5cm, and then perform secondary crushing to shred into fine particles with a particle size of 1-2cm; the silicon powder generated during the primary and secondary crushing processes is collected under negative pressure and pulse dust removal is performed simultaneously.

[0032] Step (4): The morphology of the mixed crushed material A is adjusted by frictional decomposition using a morphology adjustment device to precisely control the particle size of the crushed product. Pulse dust removal is performed during the morphology adjustment process to obtain mixed crushed material B. The particle size of mixed crushed material B is 1-5 mm.

[0033] Step (5): The mixed crushed material B is separated by air separation / electric field synergistic separation method, and silver powder, polymer particles and welding ribbon particles are obtained after separation.

[0034] This embodiment uses a waste photovoltaic module recycling and processing system to recycle the aforementioned waste photovoltaic modules. The waste photovoltaic module recycling and processing system includes a precision dismantling device for accurately dismantling the waste photovoltaic modules, a tempered glass separation device for initially separating and removing the tempered glass plate on the laminate to be separated, a crushing device for crushing the battery cell and welding strip mixture, a negative pressure collection device for collecting silicon powder, a morphology control device for controlling the morphology of mixed fragments A, a sorting device for sorting mixed fragments B, and a pulse dust removal device.

[0035] The laminates to be separated output from the precision disassembly equipment are conveyed to the tempered glass plate separation equipment via a conveying device. The battery cell and solder ribbon mixture output from the tempered glass plate separation equipment is conveyed to the crushing equipment via a conveying device. The mixed crushed material A output from the crushing equipment is conveyed to the morphology control equipment via a conveying device. The mixed crushed material B output from the morphology control equipment is conveyed to the sorting equipment via a conveying device for sorting to obtain silver powder, polymer particles, and solder ribbon. The silicon powder inlet of the negative pressure collection equipment is fluidly connected to the silicon powder outlet of the crushing equipment. The first dust inlet of the pulse dust collector is fluidly connected to the dust outlet of the crushing equipment, and the first dust inlet of the pulse dust collector is fluidly connected to the dust outlet of the morphology control equipment. The tempered glass plate separation equipment consists of a pyrolysis device and an adsorption device. The crushing equipment consists of a primary crushing device and a secondary crushing device. The material outlet of the primary crushing device and the material inlet of the secondary crushing device are connected via a conveying device. The sorting equipment consists of an air classifier and an electric field device. In this embodiment, all conveying devices are conveyor belts.

[0036] In this embodiment, the precision dismantling equipment is an aluminum frame dismantling machine, model CKA-5; the pyrolysis equipment is a roller pyrolysis furnace, model PEVA-2; the adsorption equipment is an accordion-type suction cup with 6 to 12 sets; the primary crushing equipment is a dual-shaft shredder; the secondary crushing equipment is a shear crusher; the morphology control equipment is a high-speed hammer mill; the air separation equipment is a cyclone separator; the electric field equipment is a high-voltage electrostatic separator with an electric field strength of 25-35kV; and the pulse dust removal equipment is a pulse bag filter.

[0037] In this embodiment, the purity of the recovered aluminum frame was 98.8 wt%, with a recovery rate of 99.8%; the purity of the tempered glass was 99.5 wt%, with a recovery rate of 99.9%; the purity of the silicon powder was 96.5 wt%, with a recovery rate of 95.3%; the purity of the silver powder was 85.6 wt%, with a recovery rate of 82%; the purity of the solder ribbon was 98.3 wt%, with a recovery rate of 92%; and the purity of the polymer particles was 85 wt%, with a recovery rate of 88%.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] The method for recycling and processing waste photovoltaic modules in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0040] Step (1): Use a precision dismantling method to precisely dismantle the waste photovoltaic modules to obtain the laminate to be separated; after removing the aluminum frame and back junction box of the waste photovoltaic modules using precision dismantling equipment, the laminate to be separated is obtained.

[0041] Step (2): The laminate to be separated is initially separated and the tempered glass plate is removed to obtain a battery cell ribbon mixture. In this embodiment, the photolysis method is used to initially separate the laminate to be separated and remove the tempered glass plate. The method is as follows: the light-transmitting surface of the laminate to be separated is placed under an excitation light source with a wavelength of 320-1100nm, and EVA is photolyzed and decomposed for 2h. Then, the tempered glass plate is separated by adsorption equipment to obtain a battery ribbon mixture with the tempered glass plate removed.

[0042] Step (3): Crush the battery cell welding ribbon mixture and collect the silicon powder generated during the crushing process to obtain mixed crushed material A; firstly, perform primary crushing to shred the battery cell welding ribbon mixture into coarse particles with a particle size of 4-5cm, and then perform secondary crushing to shred into fine particles with a particle size of 1-2cm; the silicon powder generated during the primary and secondary crushing processes is collected under negative pressure and pulse dust removal is performed simultaneously.

[0043] Step (4): The morphology of the mixed crushed material A is adjusted by frictional decomposition using a morphology adjustment device to precisely control the particle size of the crushed product. Pulse dust removal is performed during the morphology adjustment process to obtain mixed crushed material B. The particle size of mixed crushed material B is 1-5 mm.

[0044] Step (5): The mixed crushed material B is separated by air separation / electric field synergistic separation method, and silver powder, polymer particles and welding ribbon particles are obtained after separation.

[0045] This embodiment uses a waste photovoltaic module recycling and processing system to recycle the aforementioned waste photovoltaic modules. The waste photovoltaic module recycling and processing system includes a precision dismantling device for accurately dismantling the waste photovoltaic modules, a tempered glass separation device for initially separating and removing the tempered glass plate on the laminate to be separated, a crushing device for crushing the battery cell and welding strip mixture, a negative pressure collection device for collecting silicon powder, a morphology control device for controlling the morphology of mixed fragments A, a sorting device for sorting mixed fragments B, and a pulse dust removal device.

[0046] The laminates to be separated, output from the precision disassembly equipment, are conveyed to the tempered glass plate separation equipment via a conveyor. The battery cell and solder ribbon mixture output from the tempered glass plate separation equipment is conveyed to the crushing equipment via a conveyor. The mixed fragments A output from the crushing equipment are conveyed to the morphology control equipment via a conveyor. The mixed fragments B output from the morphology control equipment are conveyed to the sorting equipment via a conveyor for sorting to obtain silver powder, polymer particles, and solder ribbon particles. The silicon powder inlet of the negative pressure collection equipment is fluidly connected to the silicon powder outlet of the crushing equipment. The first dust inlet of the pulse dust collector is fluidly connected to the dust outlet of the crushing equipment, and the first dust inlet of the pulse dust collector is fluidly connected to the dust outlet of the morphology control equipment. The tempered glass plate separation equipment consists of a photolysis device and an adsorption device. The crushing equipment consists of a primary crushing device and a secondary crushing device, with the material outlet of the primary crushing device and the material inlet of the secondary crushing device connected via a conveyor. The sorting equipment consists of an air classifier and an electric field device. In this embodiment, all conveyor devices are conveyor belts.

[0047] In this embodiment, the precision disassembly equipment is an aluminum frame disassembly machine, model CKA-5; the photolysis equipment is a picosecond laser, model JGQ-2; the adsorption equipment is an accordion-type suction cup with 6 to 12 sets; the primary crushing equipment is a dual-shaft shredder; the secondary crushing equipment is a shear crusher; the morphology control equipment is a high-speed hammer mill; the air separation equipment is a cyclone separator; the electric field equipment is a high-voltage electrostatic separator with an electric field strength of 25-35kV; and the pulse dust removal equipment is a pulse bag filter.

[0048] In this embodiment, the purity of the recovered aluminum frame was 98.8 wt%, with a recovery rate of 99.8%; the purity of the tempered glass was greater than 96.6 wt%, with a recovery rate of 99.9%; the purity of the silicon powder was 95.2 wt%, with a recovery rate of 93.2%; the purity of the silver powder was 85.2 wt%, with a recovery rate of 82%; the purity of the solder ribbon particles was 98.5 wt%, with a recovery rate of 93%; and the purity of the polymer particles was 80.5 wt%, with a recovery rate of 82%.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] The method for recycling and processing waste photovoltaic modules in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0051] Step (1): Use a precision dismantling method to precisely dismantle the waste photovoltaic modules to obtain the laminate to be separated; after removing the aluminum frame and back junction box of the waste photovoltaic modules using precision dismantling equipment, the laminate to be separated is obtained.

[0052] Step (2): The laminate to be separated is initially separated and the tempered glass plate is removed to obtain a battery cell weld ribbon mixture. In this embodiment, a step-by-step separation method is used to initially separate the laminate to be separated and remove the tempered glass plate. The method is as follows: the laminate to be separated is separated by step-by-step grinding using different directional grinding wheels, so that the tempered glass plate is removed by step-by-step grinding, and a battery weld ribbon mixture with the tempered glass plate removed is obtained.

[0053] Step (3): Crush the battery cell welding ribbon mixture and collect the silicon powder generated during the crushing process to obtain mixed crushed material A; firstly, perform primary crushing to shred the battery cell welding ribbon mixture into coarse particles with a particle size of 4-5cm, and then perform secondary crushing to shred into fine particles with a particle size of 1-2cm; the silicon powder generated during the primary and secondary crushing processes is collected under negative pressure and pulse dust removal is performed simultaneously.

[0054] Step (4): The morphology of the mixed crushed material A is adjusted by frictional decomposition using a morphology adjustment device to precisely control the particle size of the crushed product. Pulse dust removal is performed during the morphology adjustment process to obtain mixed crushed material B. The particle size of mixed crushed material B is 1-5 mm.

[0055] Step (5): The mixed crushed material B is separated by air separation / electric field synergistic separation method, and silver powder, polymer particles and welding ribbon particles are obtained after separation.

[0056] This embodiment uses a waste photovoltaic module recycling and processing system to recycle the aforementioned waste photovoltaic modules. The waste photovoltaic module recycling and processing system includes a precision dismantling device for accurately dismantling the waste photovoltaic modules, a tempered glass separation device for initially separating and removing the tempered glass plate on the laminate to be separated, a crushing device for crushing the battery cell and welding strip mixture, a negative pressure collection device for collecting silicon powder, a morphology control device for controlling the morphology of mixed fragments A, a sorting device for sorting mixed fragments B, and a pulse dust removal device.

[0057] The laminates to be separated output from the precision disassembly equipment are conveyed to the tempered glass plate separation equipment via a conveying device. The battery cell and solder ribbon mixture output from the tempered glass plate separation equipment is conveyed to the crushing equipment via a conveying device. The mixed fragments A output from the crushing equipment are conveyed to the morphology control equipment via a conveying device. The mixed fragments B output from the morphology control equipment are conveyed to the sorting equipment via a conveying device for sorting to obtain silver powder, polymer particles, and solder ribbon particles. The silicon powder inlet of the negative pressure collection equipment is fluidly connected to the silicon powder outlet of the crushing equipment. The first dust inlet of the pulse dust collector is fluidly connected to the dust outlet of the crushing equipment, and the first dust inlet of the pulse dust collector is fluidly connected to the dust outlet of the morphology control equipment. The tempered glass plate separation equipment consists of a stepped grinding separation device. The crushing equipment consists of a primary crushing device and a secondary crushing device, with the material outlet of the primary crushing device and the material inlet of the secondary crushing device connected via a conveying device. The sorting equipment consists of an air classifier and an electric field device. In this embodiment, all conveying devices are conveyor belts.

[0058] In this embodiment, the precision dismantling equipment is an aluminum frame dismantling machine, model CKA-5; the cascade grinding and separation equipment is a high-speed friction decomposition machine, which uses 4-8 sets of grinding wheels for operation, with a rotation speed of 1000-3000 rpm; the primary crushing equipment is a twin-shaft shredder, the secondary crushing equipment is a shear crusher, the morphology control equipment is a high-speed hammer mill, the air separation equipment is a cyclone separator, the electric field equipment is a high-voltage electrostatic separator with an electric field strength of 25-35 kV; and the pulse dust removal equipment is a pulse bag filter.

[0059] In this embodiment, the purity of the recovered aluminum frame was 98.8 wt%, with a recovery rate of 99.8%; the purity of the tempered glass was 95.8 wt%, with a recovery rate of 96.4%; the purity of the silicon powder was 92.3 wt%, with a recovery rate of 90.8%; the purity of the silver powder was 83.3 wt%, with a recovery rate of 80.5%; the purity of the solder ribbon particles was 94.2 wt%, with a recovery rate of 91%; and the purity of the polymer particles was 85.5 wt%, with a recovery rate of 86.9%.

[0060] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the claims of this patent application.

Claims

1. A method for recycling waste photovoltaic modules, characterized in that, Comprising the following steps: Step (1), using a precise disassembly method to disassemble the waste photovoltaic module, obtaining a separation laminated piece; Step (2), the separation laminated piece is preliminarily separated and the tempered glass plate is removed, obtaining a cell tab mixture; The separation laminated piece is preliminarily separated and the tempered glass plate is removed by pyrolysis method, the method is: the separation laminated piece is pyrolyzed at 550℃ for 20min, then air-cooled to 300℃, and the tempered glass plate is separated by adsorption equipment, obtaining the cell tab mixture without tempered glass plate; Or, the separation laminated piece is preliminarily separated and the tempered glass plate is removed by photolysis method, the method is: the light-transmitting surface of the separation laminated piece is placed under the excitation light source with wavelength of 320-1100nm, and photolyzed for 0.2-2h, and the tempered glass plate is separated by adsorption equipment, obtaining the cell tab mixture without tempered glass plate; Or, the separation laminated piece is preliminarily separated and the tempered glass plate is removed by step separation method, the method is: the separation laminated piece is separated by step grinding with different direction of grinding wheel, so that the tempered glass plate is removed by step grinding separation, obtaining the cell tab mixture without tempered glass plate; Step (3), the cell tab mixture is crushed, and the silicon powder generated in the crushing process is collected, obtaining a mixed crushed material A; Step (4), the mixed crushed material A is subjected to morphology regulation, obtaining a mixed crushed material B; the particle size of the mixed crushed material B obtained after morphology regulation is 1-5mm; Step (5), the mixed crushed material B is separated by cooperative separation method, obtaining silver powder, polymer particles and tab particles; In step (3), the silicon powder generated in the crushing process is collected by negative pressure, and pulse dust removal is performed at the same time; in step (4), pulse dust removal is performed during morphology regulation; in step (5), the mixed crushed material B is separated by air separation and electric field cooperative separation method. The morphology regulation equipment is a high-speed hammer knife crusher, the air separation equipment is a cyclone separator, and the electric field equipment is a high-voltage electrostatic separator with an electric field strength of 25-35kv.

2. The recycling method of the waste photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized by, In step (1), after the aluminum frame and the back terminal box of the waste photovoltaic module are removed by the precise disassembly equipment, the separation laminated piece is obtained. 3.The method of claim 1, wherein, In step (3), the cell tab mixture is first coarsely broken to a size of 4-5cm by primary crushing, and then finely broken to a size of 1-2cm by secondary crushing.

4. A system for recycling waste photovoltaic modules, characterized in that it comprises: The waste photovoltaic module recycling method of claim 1 is realized; the precise disassembly equipment for precise disassembly of the waste photovoltaic module, the tempered glass separation equipment for preliminary separation and removal of the tempered glass plate on the separation laminated piece, the crushing equipment for crushing the cell tab mixture, the negative pressure collection equipment for collecting the silicon powder, the morphology regulation equipment for morphology regulation of the mixed crushed material A, and the separation equipment for separation of the mixed crushed material B.

5. The waste old photovoltaic module recycling system according to claim 4, wherein The to-be-separated laminated piece output from the precise disassembling device is conveyed to the tempered glass plate separating device by a conveying device, the battery tab mixture output from the tempered glass plate separating device is conveyed to the crushing device by a conveying device, the mixed crushed material A output from the crushing device is conveyed to the morphology regulating device by a conveying device, the mixed crushed material B output from the morphology regulating device is conveyed to the sorting device by a conveying device to obtain silver powder, polymer particles and tab particles by sorting; the silicon powder inlet of the negative pressure collecting device is in fluid communication with the silicon powder outlet of the crushing device.

Images